The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 13

TIDE MANCHESTER GTJABPIAN, MONDAY, JANUARY 4, 1932 13 THE LATE MR. C. P. SCOTT BOTANICAL THEORY DETROIT AND MANCHESTER unpopularity for their opinions brace themselves for the encounter, but Scott hardly noticed it. He acted so habitually on the assumption that any loss of his self-respect would hurt him more tnan anything else that could happen that there was no effort or strain in his conduct.

He acted and wrote as he thought right in the public-interest, and if he reconsidered his opinion he would have thought it inconsistent with his self-respect to leave his first opinion uncorrected. 1 never met a man who knew better the difference bi-ween self-respect and prestige, or who better the difference between distinction and advertisment. To estimate Mr. Scott's place in the life oi his age is the task men wdio are in a position to judge it. But those friends who saw him iu those relations that best try a man's temper and sincerity know, this at least, that no man ever served the English people with truer nobility oi mind and purpose.

THE "SUNDAY TIMES To be editor of a great newspaper for 57 years ia an achievement that can rarely have been paralleled. ijut Mr. C. P. iseott's, distinction is even inoie in the quality than in the duration of Ilia work.

He and sometimes suffered, financial loss by the advocacy of unpopular policies. This did not deflect him from his purpose he went straight on. Often, as we think, iie was in the wrong; but nobody wiio knew him well doubted that truth as he saw it wan his guide. Slowly hui surely this faith in his integrity won for him a degree of public trust that anv muii might envy. He became a great English character.

By his death English journalism loses a leader whose example will long be cherished by all who value fine character and faithful service. NEWSPAPER PRESS FUND The Newspaper Press Fund Council tender a tribute of regret and sympathy with tho family oi Mr. C. P. Scott, one of tho vice presidents ot the Fund aud a master of journalism.

J. M. Denv-lii, Chairman; V. Meakin, Secretary. LADY WEARDALE May I a constant reader of the "Manchester Guardian" and an admirer of its great Editor, who has done much to advance the cause of progress, peace, aud of international understanding, send you my most sincere sympathy in your irreparable loss? England lost in vour father a truly great man and a wise guide.

Lady Weauuale. PREMIER RECALLS BOYHOOD DAYS Talk to Ploughmen "DO YOU STILL READ YOUR BURNS?" The Prime Minister on Saturday presented prizes at the annual ploughing match of the Drainie. Duff us, and New Spynie Ploughing Association, held at Muirton Farm, a couple of miles from his Lossiemouth home. The Hillocks. The farm lies in the parish of Drainie.

Here Mr. MacDonald attended school and began work as a farmboy. It was a very wet day, but Mr. MacDonald said that he would not ailow the weather to prevent him from keeping his promise to the ploughmen and to hand them their prizes. Wearing a macintosh over hts gollinc clothes, the Prime Minister arrived at tiie plomrhuig- ground while heavy rain fell.

With him were his daughter. Jc MacDonald. and "Major Ralph Glyn, M.P.. one of his Parliamentary private secretaries. Together they trudged across muddy fields, and Mr.

MacDonald spent two hours moving about chatting with farmers and farmworkers aud renewing acquaintance with some with whom he had cone to school. Anions the schoolmates whom he met and greeted cordially was Mr. John Mustard, ot Covesea Farm, Lossiemouth. He also had a chat with Mr. William Mustard, of Muirton Farm, where the ploughing match was held.

Mr. Mustard was going to school at the tin Mr. MacDonald was a pupil teacher. Speech from a Farm Wagon Darkness had set in when the time came for the presentation oi prizes. This took place on a farm wanon in front of the barns which Mr.

MacDonald had known as a boy. The prize-list had to be read out with the aid of a storm-lamp. The Prime Minister said I am very glad to lie able to be with you but I commiserate with you very much oil the weather. Still that is not our affair. Do not blame the Government for that.

The only thing I would like to say is that but for accidents and mayiie although I am not quite sure about it maybe by the grace of God I might have run the cup winner to-day pretty hard (laughter and of the attractions in coming to Muirton is that this is the farm on winch I worked myself, and I am very g'ad that, Mr. Mustard has come into it. You would not know, and I do not think you would see it in Mr. Mustard, that I taught him when he was at school. am very glad to be here and I congratulate you on the splendid work.

Mv eye is a little unaccustomed now to furrows, but I have seen enough to-dav and my memory is sufficiently" vivid to say that the ploughing was excellent and you ought to be proud of your handiwork. I hope that for many generations to come there will he horses on farms and ploughmen behind the horses. I hope that the ploughmen will take a great interest in their work and that associations like this will encourage you to co on with it. There is' a great craftsmanship iu the plough, don't forget it. I remember that in the barns here when we came in for a -iddle-of-day bite one of the ploughmen would take down his volume of Burns and, lying on the straw, used to read it to us.

"Are you still reading your Burns? You ought to be ashamed of yourself if you are not. A man who is able to quote Burns from the heart and in the real spirit of Burns is a man who would not only be a champion ploughman, but would win the cup for the third time -so that for ever afterwards it would be his own property." The prize list contained three successes for one man, Mr. R. Riach, of Elgin. He won the special prize as the oldest ploughman, the first prize iu the class for champions, and the championship cup for the best ric in the field.

ANI HORTICULTURE Professor Drummond's Lecture Professor ,1. M. V. Drunmiond opened a course of three lectures on Botanical Theory in Relation to Horticultural Practice" at the Manchester Museum on Saturday. The general purpose of the course, ho said, was to indicate and discuss points contact between tho principles oi botanical science and methods of horticultural practice, for, although there was mi element of truth in the jibe that there was no necessarily intimate connection' between botany and horticulture, there were many points ot contact.

Iu his next lecture he would deal with the influence of suil, and iu the last, lecture the jiiflueine ot climate, in its widet sense, on plant development. Tho present lecture ho had called nature "'-and nurture," terms ued by Francis "nature" deiuniui; the. hereditary cliar.iuU-rUtics of an nrcanisiii and "mmine" the environment in which it aivw up. Siil and climate cat no under the term "niiitmo." and Hie which arosa regarding the "nanne" plants were: Js the nature ludinnnlv constant? ('ail it be altered" if it can be altered, how, and to hat extent 'J Tiie piacliial man unuld nut commit himself finally on the tiri. niiestiuii.

but he would be fairly confident about being able to keep up anv particular slock his own standard. To the second question' he would certainly answer tin would pinbably ay that alteration could made by election or by hybridisation. to what, extent alteration could be made the answer would depend on tins man's personal experience. Anyone who had his life trvinir to intro bicc n. new and useful variety nf potato would pionably he veiy sceptical of iniskimr any very material and- permanent chance.

A botanist's replies would not he qujfn the same. He would snv that nature" is ordinarily content in cei'taiii ciioum-stanccs. ami. in other ci net, at all. whether il could be channel he say that strictly speaking' it could lie chanced by selection, 'but soim-tliim; similar to alteration could be made.

Hy hybridisation "nature" cci-taiiily could be chanced. As to whnt extent, the botanist, would say there was no general scientific answer." The botanist and the practical horticulturist could each brine knowledce which would help one another in their and he hoped the lectures would show the points of contact. FIRK DESTROYS JEWISH WEDDING CANOPY A valuable nutiiiue stin and silt i' canopy was destroyed hy lira at the Hambro Synagogue in Adler St reel. Commercial Koad. r.ondon.

yesterday. The canopy, which was covered wiLh Jewish inscriptions, had been erected in readiness for a wedding to-day. I'nless another canopy can Iw obtained the wedding will have to be postponed. The Hambro Synagogue is one of tho oldest, in I'ncland. The building itself was not damaged.

srr ices abmit JE3 6s. 8d. a year (assuniinc SO weeks' com vibut ions a vcuri ami tho" employer about. 3 lis. The only pmvisiou iu the budfict of the Detroit employee for Ions of earnings through sickness and unemployment and for old ago appears to be the life insurance, of S2.07G at.

premium of year. The life insurance of tho Detroit. iiipbv.ee is equal to a little over one year's annual income, whereas it is estimated bv the competent authoiities iu Ureal Britain which have been consulted that the value of the btate scheme under the Widows', Orphans'. and Old-ace Ai-ts is equivalent Ut 'Ji lwi) years annual income, and Hint if he entered insiiranctt al the Ht of 16 an annual premium of 5 to 6 throughout working life i.e.. until 65 would cover the benefits to which he ia entitled.

If these contributions are regarded as a sort of "free, policy" presented to the worker the Manchester expenditure would be reduced from 236-237 to about 220-f231. A point of some interest i that tho only countries in which, a year ago. the worker at tin: Detroit standard of living would not, pay direct taxation were the (eat; lh'itain, the Irish Free State, and Turkey. The Summary The final summary of the relative positions of the different cities is as follows the estimated cost in each country being converted into dollars. at the exchange rate of last January) Cost-of-Living Inquiry BRITAIN A CHEAP COUNTRY What the Ford Standard Means in Europe (From our Labour Correspondent.) Cost-of-living statistics are queer things.

Most people will he a little surprised to find that the result of the much advertised Ford-Filene inquiry into the cost of living in Detroit aud fourteen industrial centres of Europe is to make Great Britain appear a pretty cheap place. If Mr. Ford takes as his standard the family expenditure of one of his lowest -paid workers at Detroit (say. Si, 550, or 319 at par of exchange) and works out what he should pay in Europe to give his empluyees approximately the same standard of Ihing he wuuld have needed twelve mouths ago to pay ju Manchester between '220 aud '232. This is less than tho 313-331 he would hae had to pay in Stockholm, the 2G4-29l he would have had to pay iu Copenhagen, or the 252-2T5 iu Berlin, the i'269 in Cork, the 262 iu Helsingfui's, the in Paris, and the 227-25(j in Marseilles.

(The pound is here taken at its par exchange, value.) He would have escaped more cheaply iu Warsaw, where, secure the Detroit standard, he would have paid 204, or in Kiitterdam. where he would have paid 203-212, or in Antwerp (l9-l-207), to say nothing of the rather smaller amounts on which his workmen could have managed in Istanbul and Barcelona. This is, no doubt, a highly unscientific rendering of the results of the inquiry (the report of which is published to-day by the-International Labour Office as "An International Inquiry into Costs of Living." hut it is one inference that may he drawn from it. The iiumiry started nut from Mr. Ford's desire to know how much a European worker in a city in which he had established or contemplated establishing a factory would need to expend if his general standard of living were to be roughlv equal to th.it of his Detroit counterpart.

This, of course, is a very different' thing from trying to estimate what it would cost an American worker to live in Europe on the American standard. The Detroit Standard The first step was to find out how Mr. Ford's workers lived in Detroit. A most elaborate budgetary investigation was made in 199 into 100 families (husband, wife, and two to three children under sixteen) who then depended on the seven dollars a day of his lowest-paid workers, or roughly 35 dollars a week. This showed that a third of the weekly inenras goes in food (a smaller proportion than in comparable European budgets), but in food content" it is pronounced to be sufficient iu quantity and well balanced as between different contents.

Then just over 12 per cent went in clothing, nearly a quartei'-in housing, 6 per cent in fuel and light, and over a quarter in. -miscellaneous expenditure, varying from necessaries such as daily transport to luxuries such as wireless and music lessons. One or two brief notes will indicate the Detroit standard of living: Dairy products absorbed 28 per cent of of u-eekly fooil bill, and meat, fish, and poultry 22 per cent. Ou an average the husbands buy a felt hat about once in two yeais. 'a wool suit every two ami a hult years, an overcoat every seven years, aud a.

sweater every three years. Each year the average husband purchases five shirts, two ties, two union suits (cotton), 14 pnirs of cotton sncks, and one pair of silk or socks, two pairs of shoes, two pairs of work ploves and nine pairs of cotton gloves. Wives buy on the average a wool coat every two and a half years, three hats every two years, one pair of cotton gloves every two years, ami a corset and brassiere every two years. Each vear the wife buys two di esses, four pairs of cotton and four of silk or rayon sto-kiiigs, two pairs of shoes, three house dresses, two petticoats or slips, two pairs of bloomers, one mchtgown, ami one pair of slippers. A "Typical" Home.

The family rents a separate house or a whole floor, containing- four or five plastered rooms and bathroom, inside toilet, running water. VU rooms have outside windows. The house has at least one room per person, and consists generally two or tjlree ed-rooma. a living-room, and a kitchen. It has individual stoves with half of the Further Tributes PULPIT REFERENCES IN MANCHESTER Messages from Home and Abroad Following are some further tributes to the late Mr.

C. P. ijeott, irnvern-ing director the Manchester Guardian CANON PETER GREEN Canon Peter Green, preaching at the Manchester Cathedral yesterday, said ft is impossible for me to begin my sermon this morning without first saying something of the loss that Manchester lias sustained by the death of'Mr. G. P.

Scott. Mr. Scott had earned for himself a unique place not merely here in Manchester hut throughout the whole world. And the way in "which he earned that place was perhaps more wonderful than the place itself. For thouch no man who knew him, either personally or through his work, could doubt his outstanding ability, or help wondering at his ereat powers of work, or fail to be charmed by his manner, yet it was none ot these things which made the name of Charles Piestwich Scott known and honoured wherever the English language is spoken, and, indeed, in every land.

It was his supreme rectitude of character which made him what he was It was utterly impossible to imagine him moved by considerations of expediency, hy deshe for popularity, or hy fear of obloquy one hair's-breadth from the line of duty. To facUi as they were, Ui estimate them hy the noblest and loftiest standards, and to choose the riprht, aim not the easy or popular path, this was as natural to 'him a to breathe, and his memory will be a precious possession in this city as long as there remains alive one person who knew him. JEWISH TRIBUTE The Rev. Jacob Phillips, president of the Manchester and Salford Jewish Visitation Board, which includes all i and rabbis of Manchester, preaching at the Park Place (Manchester) Synagogue on Saturday, said Mr. C.

P. Scott was a man among men. endowed willi the createst capacities to rise to unwonted Uod makes hut few such men, whose lives are object lessons to the multitude. As a great journalist he was the doughty champion nf dear convictions, the fearless and untiring lighter in the forefront for justice to all men. His rugged coinage, his tenacious clutch on anything he undertook, his stalwart integrity, his fearless frankness, his splendid energy, his great, civic sympathies, and tireless ability made bis life longer than that of other men, for (tod, mercifully and wisely, fashions time to the.

measure of the man who does His work. Not alone has Manchester suffered a great bereavement, hut the whole country will mourn the loss of a brave and goillv man. in particular will always cherish his memory, and remember with gratitude the eminent services he rendered to the persecuted and oppressed. UNION CHAPEL Preachinc at the moraine service in the Union Chapel, Oxford Road, Manchester, yesterday, the Hev. George.

Evans said that, his text on tho years of the soul By these things men live and in these things is the life of My Spirit" had been suggested by the life of Mr. Scott. Kvery man at one time or another was i onf routed the choice as to whether his life in this world was to be a struggle to survive and survive well, or whether within that stiugsle there was to Iks a life of the spirit. Scott himself had said that Secley's F.cce Homo" to which bis mother had drawn bis attention in earlier years had been the most important spiritual influence in his life. It had given form to his thoughts about lif.

and he inside his choice accordingly. That his was truly a lifo of tho spirit, and nut merely a struggle to survive, was evident in the choice he made in such important matters as tho Hoer War, Home Kule. women's suffrage. the advent, of Labour, and in the continuity of the "'Guardian' tradition in the attitude it took in the last general election. Speaking in the evening at a special New Year's service for young people, Mr.

Evans said that the life of each one of us could bo said to be a decaying or dying life or an ineiyasing and abundant life. On the one hnjnd. there were those who took an interest in music, literature, drama, who became absorbed in business and lived well, cutting themselves off from creator sources of renewal and enlargement; land, on the other, there were those who gave the world a demonstration of how! great human lifo could bo in this world. C. P.

Scott was one of these. Instead of his being a decaying life he was at his best between the ages oi till and SO. "Everybody knew and spoke of him with the unadorned name of C. P. Seolt." The world had given its tribute.

His life was a demonstration that this was a moral order, and that a man did reap what he sowed that no man became great unless he served great causes, ami that as he served great causes his greatness became bis possession. "Mr. Scott." Mr. Evans added. is my sort of conception ot the Christ man and a demonstration that tho sayings of on what man was to become were prophetic and not abstractions." THE REV.

ALAN ROUGHLEY The Rev. Alan Rotiphley, "Wesleyan minister, preaching at the Central Hall, Manchester, yesterday Mr. C. P. Scott was a great journalist of the noblest type, and the fact that the Manchester Guardian is regarded with tmeh high esteem throughout the city, the country, and the world i largely due to the influence of him who was for so long its editor.

He was a great idealist whose aim with regard to every question was to find the right answer and to discover truth, however unpopular that truth might prove to be. He was a great citizen and a freeman of this Manchester which he knew so well, loved so deeply, and served so sincerely. Most of all, in the words of a working man who spoke of him last night, He was a great and humble-minded man whose later life has been regarded as pure example of the religion of human service. CAVENDISH STREET CHAPEL The Rev. Ernest Hamson, preaching at the Cavendish Street Chapel, Manchester, yesterday, said Mr.

C. P. Scott was one of Manchester's greatest citizens, and one who helped to make this city famous the world over as the producer bf a great newspaper. Mr. Scott had a strong Free Church ancestry, and the Puritan blood in his veins and his early training accounted for much in his attitude to all moral questions.

Possessing strong principles and a sensitive conscience, he could not be moved from his course by opposing majorities. He was ever the advocate of unpopular causes which he thought to be righteous. So he strongly supported Home Rule for Ireland; he as stronglv opposed the South African War, and he pleaded for a fair chance for Labour. The small and oppressed countries of the world ever found a. friend in him.

He was one of those whose lives preach, and because of this he, being dead, yet speaks to us, calling us to lofty purpose and high endeavour. GROSVENOR SQUARE CHURCH The Rev. G. D. Walker, preaching at the Grosvenor Square Presbyterian Church, Manchester, yesterday, said In the passing of Mr.

C. P. Scott this city, and a very much wider public, has lo.st not only a man of outstanding ability, but, of sound judgment and firm courage in those things which he considered good. I know something of the inside oi journalism. I know its temptations and how frequently those temptations are succumbed to.

I know liow easy it is to give the public what it wants, and to descend to the colouring of facts to suit a political theory. There is a very high tone among journalists; but not a few have spoken to me of how they felt caught in the wheels of the machine. The man who in the journalistic world finlits the machine lias not only a long battle but often a lonely one. I have known more than one man go to the wall in tiie fight. Mr.

C. P. Scott not only fought his battle and won it, but built up what became a national and trusted paper. That cift in these days especially is a gift beyond all estimation. But he diet more than that.

He has left behind a staff and a tradition which we know will not. lower the standard he set up, ana which will still render to this city and country the service of the true uncoloured news, help to all good causes, and a voice to the thoughts, and emotions the best citizens live by. It is customary at such a time to speak with regret of the passing of great men. I cannot join in that, regret. I believe it to be a false -sentiment.

If all the ereat men of the past were still alive we should be shackled to a tradition. So ion? as we make tradition simply a thing to be preserved we may say good-bye to all progress. Great men bavins; given their service pass anil the race moves on. There, are other great men to come. We look upon those who have led us with thanksgiving and accept, their tradition as a challenge to the future, to our progress, and to our adventurous courage.

THE REV. J. CLAYTON Before his sermon last evening at- the Salford Central Mission the Rev. J. Clayton, superintendent minister, paid a tribute to the life and work of the late Mr.

C. P. Scott. He said: "The 'Manchester Guardian' owes its proud position as one of the leading papers of the land not to sensationalism, and certainly not to Jingoism or to pandering to the public whim and fancy. N'o.

that paper owes its proud position to the. integrity and the high purpose of US late editor, Mr. C. P. Scotf.

I have.no hesitation in standing here and paying a humble tribute to a great and distinguished man a man who was not only a great-editor one oi the greatest editors of our-time but a great and distinguished citizen who rendered valuable service both to Manchester and Salford. Those who knew him best have always borne testimony to one or his great" characteristics. He was a man with a deep, I would say Tare, moral sense, a very keen sense of right and wrong, and he regarded from that angle every question that came under his consideration. Is it right? Is it wrong? And right was always put before expediency hence, very often an unpopular cause was championed in the simply because its editor was convinced that it was right. Temporarily, of course, he was out of favour with the public, but he did not mind that.

Whether the world smiled or frowned did not- make anv difference to Mr. Scott, who followed what the Quakers would call the inward 'flip whole of his long life and work bore the stamp of integrity and high purpose, and the life of Manchester and Salford, of the. county of Lancashire, and, indeed, the life of the whole country, is the richer for his work and the poorer by his passing." OTHER TRIBUTES MR. H. W.

NEVINSON (in the I as never resident in Manchester as a member of tho great editor's staff, but I visited him there, on business several times, and was often a guest in his house. For I am proud to say I served him in various parts of the world in peace and war. and I always took his suggestion of any service as an order. 1 never for a moment felt a doubt that whatever news or judgment I sent it, would appear un-doctored and untainted, no matter what line of opinion the editor was wishing his paper to take. His confidence was repaid by my own, and journalists will know what it means to work for a paper that gives eontidenee.

At a dinner given to the editor in a telegram was read from the King praising him for his courage and high-mindedness." Those qualities incarnate in one's superior officer are infectious. Under Scott it was impossible to show less than courage or less than high-mindedness. MR. IVOR BROWN (in the Politics and journalism were the life of C. P.

Scott, but politics meant all matters of the commonwealth; he watched the artists a well as the statesmen with eyes that closed before they ever grew tired. He was no sectary of the arts; he had no time to be a collecting specialist: but. with his extraordinary gift for keeping young, he admired and supported the best oi each epoch, from Ford Madox Brown to Epstein. When, at his eightieth birthday, he heard of a presentation of sculpture, he chose Epstein. It was a typical verdict of one who never cared about a dull safety.

Tradition for him was to be respected and then transcended. MR. J. L. HAMMOND (in the The most striking quality in Mr.

C. P. Scott's nature was the quality that Dr. Bevan describes in The House of Seleucus as epimeieia," the quality which he says distinguishes the governing races: the feeling that where there is a wrong there is a remedy, aud that he was personally responsible "for helping to rind that remedy and to persuade "the nation to apply it. This strong sense took him out of himself.

Many men who are not selfish or self-regarding are self-centred, and it is undeniable that a life in which yon use your powers of pen or pencil to influence men's minds is more apt thau a life spent in affairs to throw a man back upon himself. Scott had no trace of this. He had in one sense the mind of a civil servant, so swiftly and directly did he pursue the main topic as a problem for action. There was nothing rhetorical or dramatic in the working of his powerful mind, or his bearing or behaviour. M-any people knowing of him as a great editor and a great personality were astonished wheu they met him by his simplicity.

But that was part of his attitude to life. So with his courage. Nobody could te with him without learning that he was incapable of fear. To call him a stoic would give a false impression of severity, but he had the stoic feeling towards, life. Some brave men who have to face rooms fitted for heating- The yearly rent is about $85 per room.

Five families possessed a telephone, and 47 owned automobiles, but onlv eight used them regularly to go to and" from their work. Five families onlv reported expenditure for domestic service. Thirteen families owned pianos. 45 phonocraphs. and 37 radio sets.

Everv familv "except two possessed an electric iron, half the families had an electric washing-machine, and 21 had vacuum-cleaners. No fewer than 59 of the 100 were buving articles on the instalment plan. fter furniture, the most popular article on the system was the automobile, and next the washing-machine. The details of this expenditure were worked out with incredible minuteness, and samples of the clothinsr commonlv boimht were sent over to Europe and put in the hands of the investigators. In this work the International Labour Office worked with the official statistical authorities in the various countries.

The of the inquiry was "to measure the satisfactions 'which the Detroit inker derives from his expenditure and the equivalent satisfactions to be obtained in certain European countries." This means, course, that differences iu climate, in the foodstuffs commonly used, in housing, and in jionorai' habits and customs have to be taken into account. This tho inquiry sought to do, and its importance lies largely in the attempt which the International Labour Office has made to discover how the standards of consumption in the different countries can be reduced to a comparable basis. A jrnoH deal of progress has been made, but it can hardly be claimed that the results are as yet really satisfactory. One is inclined to be a little sceptical about many of the details of this ingenious inquiry. It is by no means clear, for example, that the Ministry of Labour's methods for Manchester take as much account" of recent changes iu customary standards of liviiic; as do those of the German Statistical" Office.

Certainly Britain appears to rely more on out-of-date budgetary inquiries and guesswork thau almost any other important State. The Kuiopean Comparisons The layman will easily understand that it is possible to get a fair comparison between food and clothing costs in Detroit and in Europe, although even here there are difficulties. The American workman's woollen suit, for instance, was pretty poor stuff; his wife's clothing was, houecr, rather above the standards of some European countries. where children's clothes were bought ready-made in Detroit, they were most frequently made at home in Europe. But what of the motor-cars and electric washers that are peculiar to Detroit The European worker would hardly choose to spend his surplus in quite the same kind of way.

To meet this choice of satisfactions the inquiry has allowed not what it would cost-European workers to buy motor-curs and so on, but a margin of income lor "miscellaneous expenditure of about the same proportion as in Detroit. It is tempting to quote from the extremely interesting detailed reports, but here one must he content with that on Manchester. The section is more laconic than those for many of the foreign cities, 'and, for that reason perhaps, does not carry, on the face of it, complete conviction. Briefly, the conclusions are that, allowing for British consumption weights (admittedly on an old basis), food prices here in January, 1931. were between 70 and 75 per cent of those in ietroiD in lazu giving an annual expenditure on food "of between 79 I8s.

and S5 12s. Comparable housing is put at about 12s. or 13s. a week (31 4s. to 33 and it is observed that the Manchester Corporation houses are probably superior to those in the Detroit sample.

Fuel and light are put at hetween 18 5s. and 21 Is. clothing at 27 medical expenses at and life insurance (on the same amount as in Detroit) at between 8 5s. and lis. For the miscellaneous expenses, which include furnishing replacements, cost of transport, newspapers, and so on, so per cent of the Detroit amount is allowed.

Social Insurance One great difference bet-ween the Detroit worker and" the worker in most European countries is that the former is" not covered (except for accident insurance) hy any of the forms of Bocial insurance. Thus the Manchester worker hetween 16 and 65 receives, under certain conditions, a weekly payment wliile unemployed, with supplements for dependent children, a weekly payment while incapacitated through illness, and payment, of medical fee3, chemists' bills. and on reaching 65 he and his wife become entitled to a weekly pension and on death the widow is entitled to receive a pension with supplements for dependent children; orphans' pensions are also provided for. In January, 1931. the Manchester worker paid in res.jeet of these Imperial Tobacco Company (of Great Britzn and MR.

SAMUEL NORRIS (Manx Journalist and Politician) I cannot allow the passing of C. P. Scott to occur without recording the appreciation of the 1-Ue of Man, of his magnificent and consistent services in connection with Manx constitutional reform, and his advocacy of measures of social justice iu the" Isle of Man. Ilirouglt his journalistic and direct personal influence on tiie imperial Government and with members of farliament he was largely responsible for securing Manx reform. Manxland's pressmen join in the homage of the rest ot the English-speaking world.

MR. JOHN H. HUMPHREYS Mr. Scott was one of the remarkable group of men who in 1884 founded the Proportional Representation Society, and ever since gave the movement the fullest possible measure of his support. He remained a member of the Executive Committee until lfr29.

and on his resignation accepted the position of vice president. Home Rule, women's suffrage. Proportional Representation are all liberating movements. Mr. C.

P. Scott, who supported all three, wa-s to the end one of those who attached high value to the poaitive consequences of "liberty, to the larger and fuller measure of human life and human development that it makes possible. Home Rule and the enfranchisement of women are accomplished facte. Mr. Scott also saw Proportional Representation at work in the Irish Free State, and.

if our own Parliament has not vet adopted it for its own elections, the demand for electoral reform increases and will not, cease until the method of electing the House of Commons embodies the twin principles 'of freedom aud of justice. MR. R. J. DAVIES, M.P.

Mr. C. P. Scot IV death removes from the life of this country one of the most remarkable men of his time. To those of us wltn lead a public life and who sometimes advocate unpopular causes lie was indeed a friend.

SIR THOMAS ESMONDE Deeply regret your father's death. 1 knew him in the old days and we were members of the Commons together. He always was true to his principles. WEST COUNTRY TRIBUTE Mr. James L.

Palmer, editor of the "Western Morning News." Plymouth I send on behalf of West Countrv newspaer workers a sincere message of condolence on the death of vour distinguished father. We oi the younger generation of journalism almost venerated him. and cherish manv happy memories of the high ideals and sterling independence 'which marked his editorship. The British press can rejoice that lie was spared so long to play a conspicuous part in maintaining the traditions with which, after all, it still leads the world. MR.

JOHN W. DULANTY Mr. John W. Dulanty. the High Commissioner in London of the Irish Free State, writes Amid the wealth oi tributes that the world is paying to C.

P. Scott, as great ti'itor. creat publicist, great champion of righteous causes, may I be allowed t.i drop one modest floret on behalf of tha Irish community in Great- Britain? For even more than our brothers at home we are conscious of what Ireland owes to him. For over a third of a century-it was our privilege to watch at close quarters his unselfish and untiring efforts for the Irish cause, and we, perhaps better than any, can judge how dear that cause must have been to him. Xow that has passed full of yoais and of honour we wish to make our humble offering of abiding gratitude.

SIR GEORGE W. AGNEW a subscriber to the Guardian for over fifty years and an old friend of your father, I beg to assure you of my deep sympathy for you and your family in the loss of so distinguished a leader. CYPRIOT MESSAGE Grieved to hear oi death oi Mr. C. P.

Scott. He will live for ever in the hearts of all peoples for whose rights he stood in the Guardian." The Exiled Cypriot Representatives. TRIBUTES FROM ABROAD THE BALTIMORE "EVENING SUN" He was a great Dissenter, and it is as impossible for a Dissenter to be always right as it is for a Conformist to be always right. But it is the Dissenter who wins renown and respect, and rightly so, for Conformitv is safe and Dissent frequently dangerous. The quality of C.

P. Scott that fascinated vouiig men of talent was the fact that he lived Crnnpirativ; figures Detroit ICQ Stockholm 89-104- Frankfort 25.93 Copenhagen 83-91 Boilin 83-90 Cork 85 Helsinki tHelsingfors) 85 I'aris 80-87 Marseilles 75.31 Manchester 71-7 Warsaw r. 67 Rotterdam 65-68 Istanbul SS Antwerp gl-65 Harcelona 55 PANTOMIME "DOG" GASSED A midget, variety artist. Gerald Hart-less, who was taking part, in the pantomime Aladdin at the Palace Theatre, Hull, on Saturday night, was gassed by petrol fumes from a dog skin he was wearing. The dog; suit had been recently cleaned with petrol.

A doctor who was witnessing the pantomime rendered first aid aud Hartles was removed to hospital" and detained for observation. dangerously. From the davs when he supported Gladstone on Home Rule for Ireland to the days when he supported J. M. Keynes on sanity in peace treaties tie did not so much leap among spears as live anions them.

When other bold men leaned thev found him One result "was that every vigorous and uiiveiuuiuua intelligence was drawn to him as iron is drawn to a magnet. It is not necessary to accept Scott's opinion in order to appreciate the stature of the man. And even tl.oe who are critical of some of his ideas yet have reason to rejoice in the great career hp made: fro- his as a monumental proof that truthfulness is not necessarily ruinous, that courage does not. lwft-i fait thof mind and spirit are still able sometimes io cujjimana me aamiration and applause even of this disillusioned world. THE NEW YORK "NATION" The editors of the "Nation" have learned' with profound regret of the death of C.

P. Scott, the greatest Liberal editor of his time in daily journalism, and beg to extend their sympathy to his sons and associates on the Guardian," in their great loss felt beyond the seas. Villabd, Editor. SC.1IPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPERS (New Yorit) The Scripps-Howard newsDariers. in tributes to the late Mr.

C. P. Scott, recall that President Woodrow Wilson charac terised Mr. Scott as one of the ereat men of Europe." They add that he was mnro TWu-ortnl than makinc and unmaking Governments. uiuuiaea nue mina oi and what he said one year the British public Was ATlt, trt sat tl.a riT also described as fearless and MR.

JOHN OWENS Deepest sympathy. Your loss is pvmt. one's loss, but his insDiration trill citt-k-, Johx Owens, Editor "Baltimore Sun." AUSTRALIAN NEWSPAPERS CABLE SERVICE Durins his lone connection vcifh Guardian" Mr Scott's upright and courageous individu ality was inseparable irom that of the great paper which he controUed. The v-v, i AH gathered round him maintained in the conduct of one oi the foremost British 1 'I lnrr UUn vnflrTnizoJ in the ommonwealth." The intimation of his illness, tollowinr in such a compara tively snort, time aiier nis retirement. arAtisarl finviAtir in luctwilin nnd 1.

u.uu:.ii auAicui in iiucuaua. auu uutr news of his death was received -with proiouna regret, PLAYERS NAVY MIXTURE or NAVY CUT TOBACCO baud by The Inland), NjCXS.