The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 8

CippNOEAIJMlSTRY, rTHE 'PJtfME 'MnriSTERi' "id's- vril'-'yf 11 biicia uiuiD a Licut-i'Uu them we could simplify matters by dealing! w. f-, the verdict of an" impartial tribunal. To the I1 TOTBBIBifdB? BNG8 FRUIT SALT is the' teat to Bafulattnf tba Action tha Uit that fisiyac been ducorered. It remorei KffaM, Gouty. JtatMr.oraarformer Polioo fromtba Blood.

the Canute, uni tee that It If marked BNCS "FKUIT it you ba toe tlacerert tarmntttitMry-iailTATlOS. of "the MSzsteg'i was the appointment Of aFinancial Commission. ThovFinancial Commission has introduced some siigh't administrative changes in the levying bf taxes; and it officials regularity, bnfcvits sphere of usefulness lias been narrowed almost to nothing by the compulsion to keep going a huge army out''pf an insufficient revenue and by' the necessity if forcing every little suggestion first throughfa board' of European delegates and then through the Porte. The third part of the Mfirzstjsg programmer-the reform of the judicial "system has come to nothing, for the Powers could not agree to press a plan upfra the Sultan. scheme is arid the objectionable assumption which underlay it, that the two reactionary-Powers should direct the Concert, has destroyed by Sjr Edwabd Gbjet's action.

The appointment an independent Governor of Macedonia would be the-1 foundation of reform, and the failure of the scheme arises from the fact that it was a superstructure without a the, past five years the slacken-jing activiywhich had, now' begun $0 make itself largely becatise of a scarcity of imoney, which was itself the effect of the unprecedented trade experience of previous years. Our commercial system had, however, weathered tho storm in a seaworthy fashion. As to what tho Government could do for trade, he said that; first and foremost they could give the priceless boon of a sound system of finance. Without treading oh controversial he could say tha during the last three years the Government had paid off a larger amount of the National Debt than at any corresponding period of our history. There is need, he said, for a more scientific and a better co-ordinated system of trade statistics prepared in such a form that he who ran might read.

By legislation or administration the State could do much in regulating the services which, tended from time to time to become monopolies. The Patents Act and the working of the Post-office and telegraphs were cases in point. On such subjects there was a gradual crystallisation, of public opinion, as was shown by the Commons debates on the attitude of the State to the railways. He thought that in the interest of trade it might be possible to introduce greater co-ordination and simplicity into our railway system; Another great need from the point of view of commercial progress was a reform of our education system which would give to every child of capacity that special knowledge and training which was necessary to fit it for its calling in life. Mr.

Lloyd-George yesterday visited Carnarvon to receive the honorary freedom of the borough. In acknowledging some appreciative references to his work at the Board of Trade, he explained the methods by which he got the Merchant Shipping Bill accepted by both parties, and pointed out the important effect of his Patents Bill on certain branches of British trade. He deplored the personal suffering and the dislocation of industry caused by strikes and lock-outs, and strongly advocated a policy that would compel, by the driving force of the general sense of the community, a reference of all trade disputes to an impartial tribunal; ivith them anarfc. 1 1 cut. To begin with the ordinary workmen good, it is naturally the weakest and least useful who are the first to lose their place when trade declines.

There is a selection of the least fit to swell the ranks of the unem- Dloved. But what is worse is that the men so deprived of their ordinary means of liy'eli- hood, being already somewhat 'weaker in general stamina than the average, are ex- posed to weeks and it may be months of idle- ness.and nrivation. and riaturallv underso a 1 simultaneous moral and physical deteriora-1 1 OT1 A rl tline if ImnTinnc Ty fil? IVDflM I AW WW -J" last night nointed out. 'that' misery destroys the capacity for industry. At the end of winter of misery passed between cadging for casual iobs.

odd weeks nr. munieirjnl wood- i i and perhaps in the end a desperate X- -I T- fV 1 reueving omcer, uie unempioyeu is feeling qualified for admission to the ranks of the unemployable. And can we affect sur prise? This loss of physique and moral is the point overlooked by abstract teachers like Mr. Haboltj Cox, -who will prove to us by arithmetic that we cannot possibly increase employment in one direction without diminishing it in another. They forget that, to go no further, the labour that we curtail may be of prosperous people who are already working overtime, while the employment that we provide will prevent the loss of physical tissue and of moral fibre, which is the only capital of a working man.

This destruction of human capital is, from the merely economic point of view, as wasteful and ruinous as the depletion of industrial plant to meet a temporary need. The question, then, is neither to be dismissed by the clever abstractions of Mr. Habold Cox nor with the hard severitv which i Mr, Bcnxs has at times shown in dealing with I it, ana which as yet has not been redeemed by any indication of the severe practical of the determined reformer. But neither can it be approached with sweeping, ill-considered remedies liko that of Mr. P.

W. I Wilson's Bill of yesterday. Mr. Asouith said in the debate that the third clause of the Bill involved ultimately the complete control by the State of the full machinery of production, and from an abstract point of view that may bo true. It is easy to exaggerate the rapidity with which this Bill, by removing tho disabilities on unemployment, would tend to aggravate the evil, and to withdraw men from private employment, which at best is apt to be precarious, to public employment, which, whatever its drawbacks, would at least be permanent.

Mr. Burns seemed to us to fall into this error yesterday. But that the tendency would be in that direction is probably true enough, and as the cost of unprofitable and non-competitive employment in creased the State would, for its own sake, ito uim begin to think of acquiring the more profit- able fOrm.l nf nmrlllrifinn TV10 J.1 j.uau la bile Uit-Uio- tical progress of the principle as it presents itself to Mr. Asqtjith. In practice, however.

it WOuld hn fn.r mrim li'L-l-n kAnl- .1 i iiaoij unsaid, uuwil miserably before it could acquire any real muiireumui. (socialists who want to nonrtemTi Socialism for flvpr Arttifrf Tint. UJ TT Ai. IVJUICI I than by founding State and municipal inaustry on tne leavings of the labour market. Yet this is the way of annroach to which Mr.

Wilson's Bill would commit them, In the end the further development of tho I FORMIDABLE REVOLT IN THE Chamber. Government wasques. ticntjdl'rinObauber as to the coursA intended to pursue regarding the adverse nu of the Chamber on the reinstatement of 0ffi. cials. Barthon, who replied, declared that if the vt)te; had been definite he would resigned office.

)' He asked the Chamber either to pass: a vote in tie Govern mentor else decide that all dismissed official without' distinction should be reinstated to which the Government could not agree. vote! of confidence in the Government f. then passed by 352 to 130, and the Chamber rose. This incident is but one of many showinJ that the Clemenceau Ministry is ncaring its close. It has made no serious effort to carry out ite programme of reforms, but ha tended to rely for support upon the Conserva.

tive elements among the Republicansj bo much so that there has been some talk of substituting for the present Republican Left combination a union of all the Republicans in support of the Ministry without distinction of party colour. Now it must be re. memberod that these Conservative Republicans upon whom the Ministry is inclined to lean bitterly opposed the anti-clerical poliCT of the Republican Left, and have for a generation been'- the enemies of the Radicals and Radical-Socialists. M. Cleinoncean's Moroccan policy has been another point of disagreement with the Republican Left.

In face of these portents, the advanced Republicans are beginning to make a Jct-against the Premier. The leaders of the ne? movement are M. Combes, tho founder of the famous bloc and the Premier who j-. itiated the separation of Church and and M. Berteaux, who was Minister of the Rouvier Cabinet.

M. Combes a little while ago united tho Left Republican groups in tho Senate into one body under liis while M. Berteaux is the leader of tta Radical-Socialists, tho largest single group in the. Chamber. The new movement hj secured the "Rappcl as its organ, pa tbe occasion of the banquet on Wednesday nijlit to M.

ispn, the President of the Chamber, in honour of his 15th election to that ofSr! which was' attended by COO deputies ari Senators, and at which, among others, J. Clemenceau spoke, a strong pronouncement was made by M. Combes against tlio incltisior. of the Centre in the majority and in favour of re-establishment of the advanced bin: which carried through the Separation anu which M. Clemenceau destroyed by alienating tho Socialists.

Addressing the members ft the Left present, M. Combes said: Your electors have perceived with satonisl-mens and uneasiness that the majority in thi Chamber is following a direction utterly or-posed to the real feeling of the country. While in every commune and at every election out party the party of the Republican meets the same opposition and tho sima an tagonists face to face, it is alarmed to firid tin: in the Chamber this opposition and these a-i tagonists claim to belong to the Parliamentary majority. A real widening of our Parliamentary majority, baBed on the election returnB and based, on a i-ommon programme, is. desirable, but when a candidate elected on a programme which has nothing in common with ours demands to enter our ranks we are face; to faa with a political mystification and fraud.

It fa disloyal, too, for members of the Republics Left to think of uniting ia Parliament to a-stitute a nybrid majority contrary to their origin and disavowed in advance by -the nation. ThiB attempt to, enlarge the majority ts ibe most pressing evil of the hour, and a daare: to be: reckoned with. As for myself, I htve already said to my friends of the Senate, and I repeat it to my friends of the Chamber, that the logic of things and tho highest interests of the nation call only for two clear-cut parties ths party of the advanced Republicans and -he party of the Conservative and Liberal In maintaining this doctrine I know that I am speaking the desires of the nation and the sentiments of the real Republican majority in the Chamber. THEATRE B0YAL. MR.

WILLIAM MOLLISOX'S COMPANY IN "HAMLET." It is pleasant to be able to congratulate Mr. Mollison and his company upon a most ccm-petent performance last night. It is especially pleasant to be able to do this since what one witnessed was not merely an exposition of star acting, but the play of "Hamlet" well One and carefully stage-managed. There is always a chance for a producer with any sort of fltne- for the office to express his individuality devoting a little thought to the most haokneyed play, though the, text of Hamlet must hive been pretty, well thumbed by the ingenioaE. But it occurs that readings over a generation old will, strike most of us as quite fresh, so that possibly there is no need to buttress or abe- Shakspere with orange-trees, tame or live Last night Mt.

Alec Thoinpwa-an excellent gravedigger indulged, in scms rather gruesome business at the. graveside, tnd Yorick's skull was not the only fragment cl his earthly frame that we were privileged see. Certainly, the supernatural part of the business was better handled than "Macbeth. Mr. William Calvert was the Ghost, aei this may be held accountable tot the satisfactory nature of its manifesUticn-'-Ghosts have been known to wear creaky btt5 and tumble' audibly over staging; Mr.

Calier; can onlybe reproached with casting a distinot shadow over the Baltic. He made (he character less ihrpersonal than is usual; he; deeply swayed by emotion. It is an inteteS-ing point ought one to suppose that a spirit existence purges the more violent passions this world! The rearrangement of the play seemed Revised, ttojiaUngJiets 2 and 3 withoal i interval threwr, scmething1 of a strain upon on8'-; attenUon, and the fusion, of scenes 5 and the fourth act (Ehakspera's fourth act) J-' concerting, for Hamlet's death appeared to planned-by, Claudius ahd Laertes without the hitter's having: been informed' who had re killed-Polonins. Mr. Mollison himself 1 most capable Hamlet.

If we say that te more the antique Roman than the Dane tT in mind, the reasons may be, first, that he deo himself the'eleanca anrf i-mrmiefva reedeffif- the 'youth: inA st measured and, second, thai severelyrhetorical style does not "fit so into what.aa'.'-wjkleVMii mm pW53 the old platfona into the auuei somoquies were written -plaonnstae, and they are usually to A nnt nftinhelP'' acjtibn; pt.tho play, Miss Evelyn Jl6ftrj 13 felyvieet; Ophelia; her Be4. studied so carefully m.t the Pdjstlngulshed alienists frould tt5 likely; hive-been sajisfied. TORPEDOrBOAT --T'Gerrhanuto'rpedoVb'oat was ra ONLY 'om'-VUJyiS Burnet yestexday monaing: -j 'The PrimeMitrister had good night; His in other respects jlfterfe 1 -In tho i evening the Prime MiniBter'a issued the following notice: 1 "In view of the fact that; there is but' little i change from'day, to day in the condition of the Primev- Minister, for. the present bulletins will be issued in the morning "A NEW TQST FOR WOMEN. INSPECTION OF PRISONS.

-It is officially announced that the Home Secretary has appointed Dr. Mary Gordon, of 152, Harley-street, London, an Inspector of Prisons and an Assistant Inspector of State and Certified Inebriate Reformatories. There is already woman, assistant inspector of reformatory, and industrial schools Mrs. H. EJ A.

and there are several women irispectors of factories, Miss Gordon's appointment is a' new but de- perturo. THE KAISER UNWELL. The Emperor William is suffering a slight cold, which prevented him from laying the foundation-stone of the Landwehr Officers' Club at Berlin yesterday morning, when the Crown Prince represented him. M. TGHA TKOVSKY IN PRISON.

GRAVE FEARS FOR HIS HEALTH. According to advices just received' from St. Petersburg, the condition of M. Tchaykovsky, the well-known Russian reformer, who is now-lying in tie fortress of St. Peter and St.

gives cause for much anxiety. Tho report of the prison doctor states that he is suffering from malaria, neurasthenia, influenza, and The specialists who examined him consider that, tho insomnia is the Tesult of mental and nervous strain, and they find that his heart has been affected by his recent attack of influenza. They draw the conclusion that his health ib endangered by the conditions to which he is at present subjected. He has now been in prison almost four months, and no charge has yet been formulated against him, nor is there any indication that this is forthcoming in the near future. He is allowed but ten minutes daily in the open air, and the lack of light in his cell is having its effect upon his eyes.

150,000 FOE THE DEAN OF CARLISLE. Mts. Emma Dorsett, of 28, Hyde Park Gardens, who died on 16th February last, aged 60 years, widow of Mr. George Dorsett who left estate 'valued at 153,471 gross, with -net' personalty left' estate of the gross value of 155,896, with net personalty 153,980. The surviving executor of her will, which is dated 12th November, 1906, is her brother, the Rev.

William Barker, formerly canon of St. Paul's and now dean of Carlisle, to whom, as her husband had predeoeased her; the testatrix left the whole of her estate absolutely. The ourxent financial year has been noteworthy for the number of large estates which have paid duty twice within a short period. Mr. George Dorsett' died only six days before his wife, leaving the bulk of his property (about 145,000) to his wif and this sum consequently became ltable- for duty twice within six days.

Sir Frederick Wigan died in March' last, leaving estate valued the bulk of which he left to his son Sir Frederick W. Wigan, who died five weeks later, and the late Lord Brampton's property, valued at 141,853, all of which he left to Mb wife, by her1 death six weeks later again became liable for duty." Henry Lloyd Gibbs died, the day after his father, the late Lord Aldenham, leaving "property valued at 87,890, a considerable portion of which had inherited by the death of his. father" the previous day. The bulk of the fortune of Sir William George Pearce, who left property valued at 463,364 to his wife life, with remainder vJK College, Cambridge, became Itable by her death for the payment of estate duty a few weeks later. TEE OLIVE MEMORIAL FUND.

Mr. Reginald Clayton, secretary of the Old Standians Association, has received an acknowledgment, on behalf of Lord Curzon and the Chve Memorial Fund; of support given to the proposal to erect memorials to Clive in London and Calcutta. The letter says No set of contributions in the list possesses greater significance than that of the thirty-one Old Standfan subscribers to an Old Standian's The list must be closed soon; and it -will, I hope be a satisfaction to Old Standians to know that enough money has been receiveri' 1. ok lcial, respectably, for the two 7rifiTTlr-ITio les Princess Victoria left Buckingham p.7 motor-car yesterday morning for a week-end visit The Marquis of Salisbury's health has broken down, and he has been ordered abroad bv hi. medical adviser.

He will stay at Florence for The Governors of the Oldham Infirmary have received 1,000 from the executors of the late Mr Joseph Arthur Piatt; of -Broc ton 1 Stafford, tho endowment of a bed Piatt was for several vear 77 Werneth Cricket Club. me The body. of-Sir Lepel Griffin was taken vester day from his house at Cadogan GarSS London, for cremation "den8' Heath to be placed in the family vai? Vt Colonel Samson, an Intimate frierirf A memorial smi wi-- Trinity Church; eXety teMaT Queen Wilhelmina: has accorded permission for the hsb nf tfon connect founded at Rotterdam, to ni viding adequately for the reception bi the Mission launch Wilfaehnina, whici X2'' thl VAo MlssI0t' a meeting of the Executive Committee of. lthe 'Sl Union of Conservative and ConsUtutiohaiW ciatmns. in London yesterday, it reed 7 thcnservative vKad done musionary and speakiiuj work in S68' harnlets -ahd o.smaU places in bringiiig toUl npto 8460 The had travellS miles, the mgs, nd estimated that the present at.thw e'meeUngs exceeded 7eSl i Instead of adopting 8iidinr ZZ berweU 7 "onuses to.those;tenants who pay their rents; -ilreibert GladstoneVm pro of "Our Guests" at the viiuuer -J! 1 1.

ributed Ministry of Labour in the widest and truest sense. r. Great Central and the Great )Northeni "agreement wascorrdemned-bv the' Railwav CommiBsiohers and the Conrtof Appeal not, (on its merits but on a point of law. Both Courts and alL the judges of the Appeal Court hold- that tho agreement was not authorised hv tho Ar. of 1858.

-bnt. enph nf these Courts rejects the of the VlnT n'nA Annnal liwliTft- IWHI JdLJOa WW JUUgDO urill- (selves are discordantlv 'Ther ajwere three traps in which the opponents of the agreement tried catch it thatiit was n. -fncinn nl. mJrinVmT, o-nA liontZ 1 fJ' 1 uu vuti vtuxgy a vr quired the sanction of a special Act of Par- uament; tnat tne nity years contemplated in. the 1858Act'was a period, not within, which an agreement could be extending beyond which- none could be made; that th 1858 Act could not cover subseaueni exten sions in particular that to London.

The Railway Commissioners decided that the agreement was not a fusion or amalgamation, but must expire within the fifty years, and could not apply to the extension to London. In the Court of Appeal Lord Justice Fletcheb Moulton took the same view, but carried it to what seema to a lay mind an absurdity by ruling that the Act of 1858 restricted the scope of agreements for fifty years to the undertakings in the state they wore at the moment the Act was passed. Both Lord Justice Bttokxky and the Masteb of the Rolls turned upon the Railway Commissioners and their own colleague. They ruled that the Act of 1858 did permit agreements to run beyond tho fifty years, and it did not restrict their scope to the under takings as they were in 1858; and then, as though determined not to aeree to the bitter end, the one of them condemned the agree ment as a fusion, -while the other also condemned it, but inclined to think it was an amalgamation. One is tempted to wish that the case might have gone to tho House of Lords, for the possible permutations and combinations of the three tests have not been exhausted.

The Great Northern and the Great Central have not united; they have done something more wonderful. They have given occasion for a display of the certitude of legal ingenuity which is worth the price, and no doubt if they get the Act they are now asking for they will be able to provide us with many more such occasions. Between Parliament and the Courts comedy should be immortal. Mb. Thomas Habdy is the president of the Society of Dorset Men in London, and -nrllnl.

1. 1.11,1, uua judu uccil uu- "'shed, he gives a foreword which may be ItjllfAn HO nlno fY arwifaftac XT- duviuh.u kjl uiiio bjrJU. i recalls the' time, more than forty-five years agj when, in the somewhat reckless method beprimiTior Tinnrl-nat wnn tJ vm-i uiu. nuo uxiAja "more common then than now," he was a "Mjiy vuuuk man wanaennff anoM t.ho London Rtrf.n nr tC haaaninrr s4? TMirrr uwuvuAiaug USf A1U1J "Lane or the Princess's Theatre to Bee "helps or UHables Keak in a Shaksperean "tragedy." Then there were no countv socie- t'63 kat might help beginners in London, though Mr. Hardy can recall cases in which Homerames Deen accusea or darkening the shadows in his pictures, but it is good to hear his helipf Tiio mu wuivuj A3 AJL4V VJ11VJ "symptom amone manv of the eeneral prowth "of tuman altruism noticeable ew men tave done nobler service than he to fostor -iha trrnwh nnrl wV, V.

"uuu 11U ojrctuxs) ui thoae are pre-eminently grateful for the il. r- 01 lue csociety zne JJorset motners M10 toat it will help their sons to bear toe severance from home we may cast back with a wistful sympathy to Mr. Habdy's own early experiences. And yet, had he fallen among friends, with all their comfortable dis tractions, wnat might have been the course of the genius that has given us such strenuous and melancholy masterpieces? We must regret the hardships that such men as Hardy and Gissrso suffer, but they do not end with mere endurance. If altruism would tend to make sleek citizens of us, it bears another hue when it is associated with their sympathies and aspirations.

And even societies that permit Dorset men or Lancashire men to associate will not make London easy. Manohesteb people had yesterday an opportunity for estimating Mr. Asqtjith's capacity for work, for it must be a rare thing for a statesman to deliver one speech in London at tea-time and another in Manchester at dinner. Mr. Abqutth, of course, spoke to a Chamber of Commerce about trade, and it is reassuring to know that in his expert view there are no signs of continuous depression, though we confess that we are not quite so optimistic as himself.

He took credit, and thoroughly justified he is, for having prepared the way for a speedy recovery by putting the national nnances on a business-like footing. Common-sense economy, debt reduction and the raising of the national credit have in the last generation not been accounted Imperial virtues; they are neither strident nor flam-boyantj but in a quiet, unassuming fashion they do for national industry perhaps the best service the State can. In restoring their repute to these virtues Mr. Asqtjith: has deserved well of English commercial men. The death of General di Giobgis, synchronising with Sir Edwakd Grey's proposal to the Concert of the appointment of a Turkish Governor of Macedonia approved by the Powers and independent of the Porte, marks the end of the Murzsteg procramme and the opening of a new chapter in the history of Macedonian reform.

The first, item of the Murzsteg programme to be carried out was the organisation of a gendarmerie under foreign instructors, of whom General Giobgis was the head. The gendarmerie did something to restore order, but verv little. The foreign officers have no executive author ity; they cannot give a single command: the force has been starved for men. and it has not been employed in hunting the bands. When we remember that the number of the regular troops in Macedonia was not reduced, it.

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Lloyd-George at Carnarvon 8 Discordant Unanimity 8 County Societies in London 8 Mr. Asquith in Manchesteer 6 General di Giorgis 8 EPBCIAL ARTICLES Tact 7 Books and Bookmen 7 New Naval Base at Rosyth 7 Theatre Royal 8 PARLIAMENT Summary and Description House of Commons Labour Party's Unemployed Bill 10 P0L1TICAL- Mr. Asquith in Manchester 9 The Independent Labour Party 6 The Peckham Election 9 London Progressives 6 FOREIGN AND COLONIAL Peasant Rising in Roumania 9 Australia and American Fleet 9 GENERAL Mr. Lloyd-George: Carnarvon Honours 9 The Premier's Health 8 Bequest to the Dean of Carlisle 8 Betting Circulars The Townshend Case 9 The Claim Against an M.P 6 Railway Pool: Reasons for Judgment 6 Engineering Dispute 11 Darwinism in School 6 Northwioh Teacher's Death Lifeboat Saturday Fund 7 Telephone and Fire Outbreak 6 The Churches The Theatre Queue jj Weaving- Trade Notices Tramway Night Work 6P0RT- Lacrosse 11 11 Football Lawn Tennis la the Riviera Chess 11 COMMERCIAL Cotton Crop Preparations 13 Money Market 12 London Stock Exchange 12 Manchester Market 13 Commercial Notes 13 American Cotton Markets American Stock Markets 11 American Produce Markets 11 CORRESPONDENCE States and ae Polioy of the "Open Door" (Mr. A.

D. 7 The Education Bill (the Rev. Edwards Rees and the Rev. Armstrong 7 The Church, the Government, and' the Education Bill (the Rev. Cremer) 7 THE GUARDIAN.

MANCHESTER, SATURDAY, MARCH 14. 1908, SUMMARY OF NEWS. DOMESTIC The Prime Minister's private secretarv announced last evening that as there is so 'little change from day to day in Sir Henry's condition only one bulletin a day will for the present be issued. In the House of Commons yesterday Mr W. Wilson moved the second reading of 'the Unemployed Workmen Bill.

Mr. Ramsay Macdonald seconded the motion. Mr. Mad- moved as an amendment that the House While ready to consider any practical proposal for dealing with the evils 0f unemployment could not entertain a measure which by wast' ing the resources of the nation, would throw out of employment more persons than it could assist and would-destroy the power of organised labour, bnt hoped that the Government would give immediate consideration to tho Tmmendations in the forthcoming rebort of the Poor Law Commission so far as thev oealtwith tiaemployment. After some debate tHorinotion for the second reading was d-foatedrby 265 votes to 116, and Mr.

Maddt son'samendment was, on being put as a substantive motion, carried- by 241 votes to OS rose.saorwj airer nve ctock. The cmanceuor or me jacnequer (Mr. chief guest last night at the the; OldJutin Chamber bfSConfittKWHeld "at Hotel, JJiSieheBrojBjoJie of the oninterrupted Pircgress in -vrjtaine of the world's trad element of collective control in industry will, something of the kind might have saved pro-it may be hoped, tend to adjust supply and mising youths from ruin. Mr. Habdy has OUR LONDON CORRESPONDENCE (BY PRIVATE WIRE.) London, Fbiday Night, Some remarkable cross-voting was witnessed in to-night's division against the Unemployment Bill.

Although, as had been expected, many Liberal members were absent, the attendance, numbering as. it did nearly four hundred, was unusually large for a Friday, and comprised- a fair of all parties. The majority against the bin was composed of Liberal, Liberal-Labour, and "Unionist members, including all the Ministers and ex-Ministers in the House, whilo the minority was made up of Labour members, Nationalists, one or two Unionists, and a considerable number of Liberals. Among the latter were most of the members for London constituencies, and. also Mr-.

Llewelyn Mr. Sir Henry Cotton, Mr. A. H. Scott, Mr.

Pirie, and Mr. Higham. Mr. Keir Hardie is expected to reach England on the afternoon of the 23rd. He is coming by-the Aberdeen liner Moravian, and will land at Plymouth, proceeding immediately to his homo at Cumnock, in Ayrshire.

On the 30th he is to be welcomed home at a meeting in Glasgow, and on May 5 he will attend a Labour demonstration at Uie Albert Hall arranged in his honour. This is to be rather more than a wel-como to Mr Hardio. Tho opportunity will probably be taken to set the immediate aims of the Labour party before the country in view of the outcry about its Socialistic objects. Several Liberal members of Parliament are likely to be invited to the demonstration. The return of the Decentralisation Commission from India a fortnight earlier than was intended has excited some comment.

Since Mr. Hobhouse at an early sitting suggested that it might be advisable "to scrap antiquated and therefore useless machinery the Commission has been in little favour with the higher officials, arid there has been not a little since then to flutter the bureaucracy. Mr. Morley, in the debate on the Address, made a speech in which the inspiration of the India Office was, in' the words of a Calcutta daily, "less conspicuous than in some of his earlier pronouncements," and as the Simla reform scheme, ripened by Indian experience, is now on its way home, it is probable that the Secretary of State is anxious to have' Mr. Hobhouse's first-hand impressions before the question is discussed by the Council of India.

Though it is impossible to expect a reversal of the partition of Bengal, there is a feeling that a- way out may be found which will satisfy Bengalee sentiments while saving the face of the officials, especially as it is understood that the Commission has been at pains to elicit privately the views of prominent Bengal leaders on the question. Mr. Morley is to be asked during the coming week to appoint a Commission to submit a scheme for modification of the partition, with special reference to the appointment of a Governor nuu vouncn accoroance witn xne inten tions ot the Act of 1833, chapter 95. Mr. Marconi prophesied to-night at the Koyal institution that ere long wireless communication over great distances and perhaps round the world will prove a highly useful "instrument of commerce." The system "has reached a stage of vigorous youth, and is jujjiuiy approaenmg no declared.

Transatlantic communication has come to stay, and as for the cable companies, their ate depends on what they can and will do. Mr. Marconi did not pretend for a moment that Transatlantic wireless was yet as efficient or raoid as the cabin his crowded audience that if there were but one cable line to compete with his singl system there would bo more interruptions with the former than with the latter. Ah interesting point which the lecturer brought out was that the rsnst difficult times to send wireless messatzes are about mornintr and atatiiikt when part of tho ocean is in darkness and part 1 111 ngm. stormy areas, too, prove an impediment, thougfTno trouble occurs when the storminess extends from land to land.

The Boat-race has a great deal more written about it nowadays during the practice otage than it used to have some years ago. But one would hesitate to say that the change is entirely for the In the old days you might gather from that satirised person, the tow-path critic little that was technical but a pretty shrewd general idea of the pace and watermanship of the boat. Nowadays you will get from most newspaper critics a great deal of technicality but precious little sense. Take, for instance, this passage on one of Cambridge's first bits of rowing at Putney: The crew were rather short at this rate, missing both the beginning and the end of tho stroke, but they were fairly well together, the time, however, being oetter on the bow side than nn "HO QbVAtJ DLUO. wonder what the crew really was like at that nae a poor sort of Lent boat.

To-day's performances show best the weakness of the critics. A-m-n Ut, MJ1UCS along, and suddenly the notices of the Cami bridge work, other than the one just quoted and one or two more which had hitherto been laudatory if humma t- critics had not reailv anv auyuwgo or wiiac the crew canacities and faults see. what rougli water wpald do to them, and ti lu 111 a surprise. MOTOR-CAR'S FALL PROM BRIDGE A serious motor accident is reported from Turin. As a motor-car comirir fmm was passing at midnight over the bridge that imm-auan itaiiway in the Piazza dello.

Statu.to.it collided 9 cfjiorri fAm and was hurled oyer the parapet on to de rails below. The occupants pf the car' were four gentlemen and three ladies Two of the ladies were kflled on.the spot, while', all fha rest of party, werejmore or iees seriously conveyed, tt'o 'the hospital of San Giovanni. TJ'of'fhe'gjmttemen injnie'an -f'WShitP Drthjera namei. Castagn'ini and a Ml RemondelseL jrhe''identify' of 'the of, party has notybeenesUble: A meeting was held last night in the ChoTlton Town Hall at which a resolution was carried asking the Manchester Watch Committee to prevent the overcrowding of theatres and to abolish the queues outside. Mr.

Councillor Ashton, a member of the Watch Committee, joined in the protest against the queues, but said he thought the Watch Committee did prevent overcrowding. Some expressions of dissent from audience led him to say that ne would try to find out the truth for himself. He expressed his intention of "having six- pennyworth" whenever ho could without being recognised as a member of the Watch Committee. I Though prices did not move very much on the London Stock Exchange yesterday, the tendency as a rule was downwards. The best feature of the day was a pronounced recovery in English railwav stocks.

Consols closed -fV lower. The American market was dull and somewhat irregular, but quotations were usually below New York parity. Spot cotton in New York yesterday declined 10 points to 11.20c. Futures closed 15 to 12 points down for old crop and 6 points down' for new crop. "Light or moderate south to variable and north-west, breezes, some showers, fairer later, moderate temperature is the weather forecast for to-day.

FOREIGN. The Portuguese elections are not to be free, and the political parties have already allotted the seats in the new Cortes. The Republicans, who compose three-quarters of the electorate, are allowed to take their chance with the other boycotted groups in nine constituencies out of the one hundred and thirty-eight. The death is reported of General di Giorgis, the commander of the Macedonian gendar-mery. A bill substituting wages boards for the 1 present industrial arbitration courts nas been introduced into the New South Wales Legis-, lature.

The revolt among the peasants in Moldavia is growing more serious, and the Roumanian Government has started a general movement of troops towards the affected district. Tho conference on sleeping sickness has been brought to a sudden termination owing to the impossibility of securing unanimity among the delegates. The operative clause of the Unemployed BUI which was debated in the House of Commons yesterday places on local bodies the duty of finding work at standard wages for all who register themselves as unemployed, or, in default of work, of maintaining them and their dependants wish the necessaries of life. It was opposed by the Government on sufficient grounds and rejected by the House but the majority against it would Iiavo been still larger had not many who probably regarded the Bill as it stood as quite impracticable felt it their duty to vote for it in order to mark their sympathy with the great tragedy of modern industrial life. Yet the opposition to the Bill was for the most part not a whit less sympathetic.

The question of unemployment is the most difficult problem of domestic statesmanship. There are other questions as urgent; there are per-hops, that probe deeper into the social structure; there are others which are the centres of stormier passions. There is none in which it is so difficult not merely to get people to agree upon a solution, but even to suggest, where precisely the right solution is to be found. The theory of the question is obscure. The two roots of unemployment are almost inextricably intertwined.

On the one side there are the fluctuations of industry, which constitute a normal feature of a com petitive system. As far back as our records reach we find that at intervals varying from 6ix to ten years there is a boom in trade. But the boom is short-lived. A year or two sees it out, and the inevitable decline begins. In three, four, or five years the bottom of the slump is reached.

For the poor the misery culminates in the winter, when the regular seasonal depression comes in to reinforce the deeper and longer depression. In face of these cycles, which are clearly established by a long series of statistics, it is absurd to talk r.i unemployment as though it were attributable solely to the idleness and incapacity of individuals as if all the unemployed were unemployable. The monthly returns in the "Labour Gazette," to go no further, show beyond possibility of cavil that the unemployed members of the trade unions vary from about 2 per cent in very good years to 6, 7, or 8 per cent in bad years, and there can be no question that the margin of fluctuation is due to the rise and fall in the barometer of trade. On the other hand, it is equally a mistake to ignore the personal factor. Experiments in the relief of the unemployed were over and over again met with the difficulty that- a large percentage of those for whom work was found were either unable or unwilling to work at all.

Besides the unemployed there are also the unemployable. But the special misery of the problem is that these two classes run into one another. umauu wim more or prevision tnan is pos- sible at present, and so to abate the fluctua- tions which km rWnTi'lWl 4.T.- ailU QU lJ LliO world of labour from the alternations nf "boom" and "slump." But that must be a very slow process. It is no remedy applicable in this Vear of rrrar-A ilEXIS Who I 1 i.uiu wo to look for remedies, or at least for pallia- 4-1 4.1.x 1 1 wiu neip us over tnis present trough of depression, which we have probably to face for at least another twelve months? -c ar tne best permanent remedy, if means can do round to apply it, would be some publio work of genuine utility not competing with private enterprise, and capable of being expanded and contracted in accordance with the fluctuations of the labour market. Such conditions, obviously, are nob easy to realise.

But two such forms of national enterprise havo been suggested. One is foreshore reclamation, the other is afforestation. Both present certain difficulties, but both would be works of undoubted publio utility, in which, for different but quite intelligible reasons, private enterprise is deficient. It would be hasty to say that anything like a solution can be found on these lines. But we do think that they are at least hopeful ground for experiment, and even if the experiment fails economically it can be arranged so as to heir some few hundreds over their present period ot misery, and the money spent upon it would not be money wasted.

Mb. Lloyd-Geobge in his speech yesterday after receiving the freedom of Carnarvon said two things about his work at the Board of Trade which future times may look back upon as exceedingly important. He told us (what had never been publicly stated before) that before the Merchant Shipping Act. tro submitted to the House of Commons it was shown at the Board of Trade to representatives both of shipping firms and of sailors, who gave their opinions on its provisions with the Tesult that a vast and complicated measure which every ore recognises to be a model Act of its kind passed into law with the very minimum of resistance and change. Another passage in his speech was even -ore important.

Mr. Llotd-Geohge ia the first English statesman in an important official position to express with such emnhasis hi belief that the strike has become an obsolete and discredited means of settling trade disputes. One frequently enough hears it maintained in private that the Engi neers' dispute is destined to be tho last ereat industrial dispute to be settled by a trial of brute strength, and perhaps more people tnan mignt oe supposed have latterly been coming to that view, and for a sinsular variety of reasons. But Ur. Llotd-Geobge yesterday went furthert and declared the strike and the lock-out to be an anachronism, as war is, on moral crounda.

It is bad to his mind because it punishes the non-combatants, the neutral and the dependent trades, far more than those who are actually engaged in this' species of civil war. He does not look forward to compulsory arbitration; his hope rather is that, legislative compulsion may be unnecessary owing to the growth of healthy puhUc bpinioh and the form- at the Xarii oy an unknown beraluh SajFriday The 'chief.