The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 6

OTE MANGHESTEK CTAKDIA, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 28, 1911. LE0NCE DELPHIN'S TRIAL SHARE TRANSACTIONS. DECLARATION OF LONDON. In an hour he would tell her whathehadbouEht for her. She called again, price he had paid for the stock.

She believed from what he and hia assistant said that the stock had been bought Mr. Atkin: Wouldorarhay.e ihad -ansac ticith'Mm Oh should'-not. vhoTen ridyou know-when you lost money. on shares that they won? No; Arid yob would not have accepted the advice power, the power of counter-attack, which we officially what the officers of the active list of had' claimed and exercised in -the past. The the navy 'thought of it, but if" rumour was to plausible doctrine had been advanced that we bo trusted' they viewed it with the profoundiest ought as a nation to try and get it agreed, dislike and fear.

They had never been examined, among the nations private property at seal They should also' hear what, the international should not liable capture at all. Why lawyers and the sailors had to say. Letthem con-did this Governmeht'refuae moment suit history' and look at the matter allr round; entertain Because they saidj-Untir then 'were they- going, to" throw- in that the power; of. dealing, with' the. a moment of interests which their fathers of communication 'across' the i were to fight 'for (Cheers.) "Are method by which thig'-Goveriiment'MMkdd-'irat'i -we- to be the willing ''or 'the careless pressure upon- a -belligerent.

--Andsthe- very authors of. our "own" destruction kS a naval' uovernmeni.wnn.npuncea.xnai. aociiine ana was prenarecL.to sacrifice' so? much' for sake was the Government which deliberately set their hands to a declaration bywhich thepbwer'of dealing a couhter-blbw'was seriously limited. Starvation "the Danger. Turning to the of the Declaration'uppn our.position'asbelb'gerentswhen attacked, saidJthey must consider not separately bittogether 'he three --subjects with which ifdealt either positively in it3 pro-' visions or negatively by.

refusing -to anything about These were the question of -food as contraband war, the converting of cruisers on the' high seas, 'and the sinking rf neutral "vessels. The-' question iOf converting: merchantmen into cruisers was. not dealt with by it was untrue to say for. that reason-that the Declaration left things as they were. These-, questions would conie before' a tribunal, arid the tribunal would have ha: laws laid- down for its 'guidance but the While one of our great advantages as -belligerents is that we, are.

an island and. being an island' our fortress' is very difficult to storm, we are a fortress which, unless -we take every precaur tion, naval and it will not be very difficult starve into surrender; Starvation not 'invasion is vthe danger1 of this country. The great danger is not- that of land-ioR formidable-forces on the coasts of Suffolk or the Lothians. The danger i3 that, while powers of blockade are diminished by this Declaration, while -therefore -a strong naval, Power finds itself a weaker, naval Power, without having an effective in any true sense of the nevertheless 'so interfere with the hourly supply of food -'to this country that no courage, no self-sacrifice, patriotism, or organisation would enable us in time of real stress and difficulty to deal with. a situation on which our very existence as a nation might ultimately depend." Sinking of Food Ships.

Under the Declaration it would be in the power of a foreign merchant ship which at the time of the outbreak of war was perhaps "in one of our own-harbours for by international law wa were bound to give time for provisioning, coaling, and escape when that ship, was on the high seas to declare itself a belligerent, and exercise the rights of a belligerent, become a privateer under another form, although priva-' teers were abolished under the Treaty of Paris; and it might choose a spot on some great trade Having done that it would be in the power of route tniciciy strewn with commerce. that ship to take neutral ships as it pleased, not merely xsriusn snips our, neutrals. It would be able to say that the food carried in these waa. 1110 vjiiuauii KJl LUU cominauuer 01 moTianfmn -f Gf supply, and he could sink the ship, relying on ne was wringxne neutral naa a remedy at some remote future period of eoinir before an international prize court. (Cheers.) Would that be done? (Cries of "Yes" and Be it that upon this vital and central point the terms of the Declaration were all studied ambiguity.

On what seemed to be the strict interpretation of the treaty he could not conceive of any great port of this country which might not by perfectly honest men be described as the base of supplies and operations. It was said, however, that though it might be hard upon the neutral owner of a ship and a cargo to compel him to wait for ing of a ehip, still the individual concerned had montns or years tor compensation for the sink- something in the nature of a legal remedy. nut tney must oDserve tnat it wa3 not merely the interests of the neutral trader which were at stake. The interests of the neutral, of importance to himself, to his country might- 1aa rlinr nMn 4-X1 1 were decided that corn cominer to these islands was contraband of war, and that the ship might be sunk if that- had. as it assuredly would have, a very material influence on the cost of food tnis country let him ask whether the Government whose Hag was being flown upon those predatory merchantmen, upon those improvised cruisers, tipon those new-fangled privateers, would not say, No matter what it costs us three years hence, if it dives us an immediate advantage in a life and death a.

ine anl cleat, r. Power? -Are we going ourselves behind. the reflection' thataf ter' all1: the. Nemesis that must, surely come if we make a-mistake is no immediate and is our remoter posterity that will feel the weight' of the. decision come to if without'adequate consideration or sufficiently weighing jthe vast' vital Imperial interests' concernedj we have allowed' the to set their to thia unhappy Cheers.) ,5 Mr." Atherley-Jones, M.P., seconded Vthe which, was by "Admiral Sir Fitzgerald and carried 'with 'two or three dissentients.

jVlr. Gibson Bowles." At the" overflow meeting T. "Gi'bxQnBowIes said that the last time he sriokerin that building he speaking against' Mr. whose views he was now supporting. was that it been.

his habit to. deal with.public questions their merits. It -waSyihbsfc important to.keep the wiiinhg' a. war. If they -had isome difficulty in- finding-provisions, he'would'be completely consoled-bjr? the -news of another TrafalgarMn the North Sea.

PKOTEST BY AN ADMIRAL ON THE ACTIVE JLIST. THE CONSENT OF THE SEA -LORDS. Admiral Hedworth Lambton, -in; a letter on the Declaration of London, says a few months ago the' Government encouraged" a distinguished, general on the active-list to write a supporting the Government policy, which pamphlet also contained' a paragraph or two of skilful adulation of the War Minister. Therefore, 'if there, is any honourable logic remaining in 'the land, it cannot be'iinpropeT for an admiral on the active list but on half-nav to express his disapproval of this proposed De ciaration ot The Prime Minister reply to questions -in the House of Commons yesterday make, it fairly clear that the approval of the Sea Lords has iiot been obtained for this Declaration so detrimental to the Royal Navy. In the spring of this year the Gov- emrSent, "by the voice -of Mr.

claimed tne right to state that any question had the 'approval of the. Board of Admiralty if two of the Admiralty had-agreed to it. This is the truth, but it has- the same relation to the whole truth as a. satellite invisible to, the naked eye -has to its brightly "shining, planet. I had the honour to be the naval private secretary 1894 1897 to the Liberal Lord Spencer ana tne unionist Jjord Uoschen, and if either of those front-rank statesmen had informed Parliament and the country that a policy had the approval -of the Board of Admiralty it meant that approval included that of the Sea Lords; they would as soon have thought of pawning the Government furniture in their official residence as to make a misleading pledge.

All important questions affecting the navy should be threshed out hv full Rnnrrl nf AH mini Hv in the time-honoured fashion 6itting Tound the mule, ib uepwjwju a print, my possession dated 1808. STATE INSURANCE ALARM IN THE HOSPITALS. A meeting of representatives of the voluntary hospitals of Lancashire, Cheshire, and Derby- consldei the state Insurance Bill was "wu -ttiiicBLer xowii niui yesMjruay ,1,1 TIT 1 TT.Ii afternoon. Sir William Cobbett. chairman of the Board of Management of the Manchester .1.

i Rojal Infirmary, presided, and there were also pitals in twenty -six of the leading- towns of the three counties. In a memorandum presented to the repre- sentatives, Sir William Cobbett stated that if passed the State Insurance Bill would largely decreaseVoluntary pecuniary aid of all kinds to hospitals, and that unless sufficient provision were made to supply the deficiency in income so smscaie an hitT Clause 1 The treatment in a hospital of disease and accident of insured persons should be made 1 Persons snouia De made allu Piaceu upon tne same looting in MB. BAIiFOUR'S ATTACK A PLEA FOE- DELA AND INQUIRY, v- The big hall in the Cjmnon-street Hotel, London, has been, rarely bo. crowded even cn the occasion of a sensational company meeting as it was yesterday, afternoon by City men who gathered' to hear Balfour denounce the Declaration of London. The meeting was advertised as being non-party in character; and a.

Liberal Member of Parliament, Mr. Atherley-Jones, seconded Mr. Balfour's resolution. Lordy Desborough, the chairman of the London- Chamber of Commerce, presided arid among the mercantile bodies represented'' "Were; thiT London Chambers of Commerce and Lloyd's, the Baltic, the London Corn Trade Association, the Home and Foreign Produce Exchange, the Stock Exchange, the Metal Exchange, the Xorth of England Protecting and' Indemnity Association, the Glasgow' Chamber of Commerce, and many others. The resolution ran: That, the opinion of this meeting, representing the mercantile and shipping interests of the country, the.

Declaration of London, both by what it includes and by what it fails to include, most seriously weakens the naval position of the Empire, is highly prejudicial to its commercial and gravely threatens the food supply of these islands in time of war. There was an overflow meeting, at which the chief speakers were Lord Charles Beres-ford and Mr. T. Gibson Bowles. Mr.

Balfour 'spoke for nearly an hour at the chief meeting, and his argument was received with much cheering whenever he interrupted its flow to make a slashing statement. The speech was perhaps a little disappointing to the whole-hearted opponents of the. Declaration in that he did not go so far as demand that the treaty should not be ratified. The only practical demand was that there should be further consideration before ratification. and especially that the opinion of the navy! should be sought.

Tins was Mr. Balfour's first important pronouncement on the Lord Desborough said that the matters they were met to discuss either the Naval Prize Eill or the Declaration of London had never been matters which had been party matters. Tlie sinking of neutral ships wag a clause which ought never to have been allowed in any body rrl. -i of international law. The absence of any pro- vision against the.

turning of merchantmen into m-en-oi-war on xaie ingii seas aieo ougni, De- (Cheers.) One hundred and twenty seven distinguished admirals had Bigned a protest against the Declaration, and the Maritime Association telegraphed protesting against the Declaration. There was a feeling- abroad that thj Declaration dealt with peace and arbitration. There was not a word about peace either in the Declaration hear, hear) or in the Naval Prize Bill. They only came into operation when war had broken out. they should most carefully consider the new articles before they allowed this country to be a party to them.

(Cheers.) No Improvement in International Law." Mr. Balfour said he agreed that this neither was nor ought to be made a party question. It was wholly outside the natural limits of party controversy, and every man, be hi3 party what it might, ought to approach it in the spirit in which he tried to approach-it namely, with a single eye to the safety of our country, to "the safety of its commerce, to the interests of peace, and to the improvement of the methods of war when war unhappily became inevitable. At first sight all must sympathise witli an endeavour to make the principles of the law of civilised nations on these matters identical and to establish a tribunal which should interpret the international laws thus laid down by international agreement, That was in general conformity with the progress of international amity and international relations, and all would desire to see a really sound system adopted and interpreted by a really impartial tribunal. Putting aside for the moment the great and vital national interests, he asked himself whether there was any real approach to this ideal in the Declaration of London.

Was it complete I Didit produce a body of international law with regard to maritime affairs which covered tho whole ground and which was unambiguous as well as universal? Did it give us a tribunal, really fitted to interpret those laws None of these things," Mr. Balfour proceeded. are true of this arrangement. It is not clear; it is not complete the tribunal established leave much to bo desired; and so far as I am able to judge, so far is tho body of law formulated in the Declaration from being any improvement on the maritime law which in Dracticvi nTec-edvA it that I believe it embodies a falling off in that practice ana so iar irom Demg clear and complete some of the most difficult and controversial points raised between nations in connection with maritime law are absolutely untouched, and as to the questions that are touched no bodv. no lawver will sav lhat.

t.Twv are formulated in a manner which makes it clear to all interested to the Government, to the merchants, to the stunners, to tha shin- owners what the law is which is going to be administered by this new tribunal." Anothei most disquieting element from the international cui-iivntji wuwii- woo in uuuub, which some said was of equal; weight with the document it was intended to explain, and which others said had no weight at all since it was not signed by the signatories of the main document, and which so far from naking everything clear certainly threw into doubt things which were perfectly plain as originally worded. From the international point of view a declaration of which these defects could be alleged was.not an improvement upon international law. (Cheers.) Apart from these formal objections tnere were substantial provisions which, in his judgment, so far from marking an advance in the opinions of civilised nations on the practice of- mar were actually worse, and marked a step backwards in the practical conduct of war. From the international point of view the Declaration did not forward the cause which ho had deeplv at heart the embracing of all civilised into one greater unity of civilised thought and mvj iwii ll i. ii, n.j in cosauvc.

11 lj.ll in inien- tion, a step backwards on the great path of inieroauouai progress. The Power of Counter-attack. Turning to what he called the more pressing ui mo L-ano citizens oi me rrmpire namely, how we were affected as neutrals and as belligerents by the Declaration, Mr. Balfour asked the meeting. to consider our position, es belligerents if we were engaged in the only Kina ot war were, likely to be en- gagea mnameiy, a defensive war.

One of our advantage an island Power was that, invasion was a rery difficult -and risk- military operation, and that advantage no pardhments, no. Government, could take away from ns. That was a natural asset which could not be tossed into the gutter by any Government, however careless. tCheers.) But one of the disadvantages of our position even under maritime law as. at present interpreted was that it was difficult for us to exercise pressure upon any belligerent with whom; we might be at war.

-The power of blockade and the power of seizing the enemies' vessels and the goods in them was almost out only method of exercising pressure upon an opponent. From iuis puiui ji view iiuw were we anectedT The provisions-of the treaty of London -an- questionably, hampered, -the- right of any blocade. Bffective blockade might be a less powerful weapon than it had been in days gone by. but we were bound to see that thw; which was one of. the two chief methods we had of-dealing with an opponent, was not unduly" minimised and cut awav.

The Declaration, therefore, distinctly diminished the offensive A QUESTION OF 80,000. AN OLDHAM CHANCERY 'At the Lancashire Chancery Court at Manchester -yesterday, before Vice Chancellor Leigh" Clare," the trial of an faction was in which the plaintiff, Miss 'Elizabeth aaa Shaw, of' Chamber brought an action aeain'st Miss" Sarah Ellen Franklyh and Miss Louisa Ann Lomas, executrixes of the wiu of Arthur Frainklyn (otherwise Franklin), who carried on' business under the style of born, Frantlin, and at Bank-street and Half Moon-street; as a stock and share dealer. The plaintiff "sought a declaration that all the transactions between herself and the 'firm of Freeborni Franklin, and Co. were null arid void by reason of fraud and should' be set and that an account, be taken. Atkin, K.C., Radford, and.

Mr. Schwabs appeared for the plaintiff, and the defendants were by Mr. Langdon, K.C.," Mr." Cunliffe, and Mr. Bennett Mr. Nbrris was present in' interests of legatees under Mr." Atkin said Mr.

Franklyn, who was now dead, was a stock and share dealer, and'one of the grievances of the plaintiff was that he purported to be a jobber and in the position of a jobber on the Stock Exchange, making his profit out of the turnover on at one price and selling at another, whereas he did nothing of the. kind. What he really appeared to have done was to have" deluded the plaintiff into the. belief that he. sold shares and advised her with respect to the speculation's which.

she entered into, whereas, in fact, his interest the very "opposite of hers." Mies Shaw, was a. lady' of 'very substantial means. She was left a large fortune by her father, and she was minded to increase it. The. Vice Chancellor: The common folly of mankind.

AN' ADVERTISEMENT IN A GUIDE. Mr. Atkin, proceeding, said the plaintiff saw in a railway time-table some time in 1904' an advertisement issued by Mr. Franklyn asking people to -send for his "ABC Guide to the Stock Exchange." She did so, and duly paid a visit to Mr. Franklyn's office.

From that time down to 1909, acting very largely on his advice and in accordance with his representations, she had-very large dealings-with him indeed. The result was that in the course of that four and a half vears she naid him something over 100,000, and her net loss, the amount he actu ally got out ot ner, was Between and 90.000. The Vice Chancellor You mean she paid him Mr. Atkin Yes, and got back a small amount, but that is the amount she is out of pooket. She has discovered, now he is dead, that tha representations he made to her were quite un founded, and that she was dealing with him on a basis entirely different from that which she supposed- He never bought the snares, and she is now seeking to recover the amount by whioh his estate has been so much enriched, and to obtain a declaration that it had been im properly obtained.

Freeborn was (Mr. Atkin continued) the Saxon translation of Franklin. There never was a Freeborn, but there was a Franklin, and there was no one else in the firm. He had been conducting the business from about 1899 or 1800. In the "A Guide to the Stock Exchange" there was a passage, the was not a stockbroker on the Stock Exehanee.

It was quite true (the book proceeded) that a Person could speculate on the Stock Exchange 1)ut hcdid that he had tne disadvantage of i.h mmiir.n nf ih ctrv-throVpr nrl inducement he held out to the public, and 1 .1 amoncrst others the plaintiff, was that he was in the position of a jobber, and if they dealt with him direct they had the advantage of eliminating the emoluments of the broker and "IS substantial commission. There was the Karffitd' WtS in fact, engaged in a scheme of defrauding the publio in this way. In particular he made loiBcseuiuuuiiB ouaw cuuunua IV lO XIW effect that he had boueht stocks, and he used -c: n. fucH tnriP Xf t5 tl "tockB -wwa always bought on the market, and that their firm could not conduct tneir business unless they so bought them, and Franklyn until she became involved in heavy to33- The system of doing business carried on Dy DTanKiyn, counsel sain, miKiit be described in detail the transactions in which the plaintiff engaged under the advice of Franklvn. and said that on one transaction he made a profit of 20.000.

That was a profit which the -plain tiff said he had no right to keep, because if she naa own. n3 ne naa nos nougnt tne shares at the time he stated he had bouerhfc them she would never have agreed to nav him the original high prioe. She would have patdi msteaa oi tne sne did pay, and Hfor the beHef that had WERE THEY WAGERING CONTRACTS? One defence to be put forward he understood was that these transactions' were in the nature of gaming or wagering, and not in the nature' of real transactions. He submitted that these were genuine as was shown by the fact that she had. the money and was prepared to take up 200,000 of securities, which she was able to put into her safe.

The Vice Chancellor: la it the defendant's case that he was under no circumstances liable to advise her? Mr. Atkin: Apparently. The Vice Chancellor: Even the most reckless young man would not go to a bookmaker to ask him for advice as to what he should' back. Mr. Atkin I should have thought not.

The Vice Chancellor: The position of adviser is inconsistent with a betting Why did she not go to Monte Carlo? It would-have been a much pleasanter place than Manchester with. the same amount of excitement. Mr. Atkin replied that possibly she-4hought she would- not have got advice 'from, the croupier. Langdon: There is always a zero there I The Vice Chancellor: I have never been! thiere, I am told it is a charming place if i you can afford it.

Mr. Atkin said Mr. Franklyn left the country but before he left the plaintiff complained bit' terly of her contango which-she thought he had no right to charge. He told her he Jiad bought the stock. On April 25 1909, Franklyn died abroad, but the plaintiff continued to deal with the office.

Apparently instructions were received that the death of Mr. Franklyn was not to be disclosed and it was not until August of that year that she found he was dead. In the meantime she had paid over 1,403 by way of deoosit on the business that was going. on, entirely-upon'the basis that she was dealing with Mr. Franklyn In 'August she got an account which showed -that theTe was due to her 19,462.

That included a sum of 18,000 which was- in- the hand of. Franklyn's firm as deposit and on transactions had been closed, and also a. sum of 1,462 which' she had paid sinaa he death of rranklyn. tne THE? -The plaintiff in evidence said she lived with her sister Chamber House, Oldham. She wm adaughter.of a cotton spinner! under.

whose wij she benefited Some time in 1904 about October she first had dealings with Messrs. Freeborn, Franklin, and Co." whose ad-: vertisementa'she saw' in a railway guide. At that time she had had no transactions ln stocks and snares personally, ana did not know the di'fferenos'between a stockbroker and a stock- -r "A uld? JLJi" and -i i -jT nz She entered into the transactfons described herconnaeL occasion Franklyn took "7 nkiyn Franklyn took rrr-iQ ar." On ajjother wrfnn S5 1 K.vSJl2 going on the Stock Exchange' to buy stocks he1 had reoomm eroded to her, and if she would call I ALLEGED CHEQUE FRAUDS. At the. Central Criminal Court, London, yester- day Leonce Delphin, described as a Swiss sub ject, was charged before Judge Lumiey -Smith with fraudulently converting to his own use a cheque for 1,200, dTawn by the Banuue Genirale de Tlndustrie.

'Automobile et de with converting to his own use a cheque for 500, the property of the Monoplane iiannot Company, and with converting to hia own use 500 bearer shares in the French bank named -of the value of 2,000. Mr. G. Elliott, K.C., and Mr. Pridham Winoell aimeared fnr the prosecution, and Mri Marshall Hall, K.C..

M.P., Mr. Disturnal for the defence. Mr, Elliott, in onenimr the case, snii Atr Ladislas Duncan 1 Wagner and number nf others in Paris conceived the idea that a bank dealing with the automobile and aeroplane industries would have a great future. Th'cv obtained a capital of 40,000 and established the Dank. In the earlj.

part of -last vear Delnhin was introduced to Wagner, and suggested to the mirer mat ne should, open a branch of tho bank in. London ha 'ith the Possibility later on oi a dlrectr under -certain toZT i. married to a daughter of Mr Beecham, of St. rTu this wm a ZtZ uId ver' naturally influence tho Wa7nr Wiie pectations formed hv reahsed oold be seen later. In uHin 4me WaS a-Feed Pon.

between Del-EThe Xer which the former was rbTT thB htead.f 'he London and iobom becoming the owner of sl the Paris concern he was to YndlST- The ndon branch was to Ovfnrri Bank of England, Oxford-street branch. Delphin did no ledti tSSf-hUSSf th, branc1 establishment, an 1 hke 100ills were llt 'itl biS nf'f7 few exceptions, accommodation total Ices of the London bianc' was something like uianc.i MANCHESTER BRANCH PROJECT Turning to the cheque' for 1,200, counsel said it was given to Mr. Reginald Bodden, a member a very well-known family of cotton spinners, but himself a surveyor. Delphin introduced sodden to Wagner with the suggestion that he or MfnXsterbwnCh th bank in Liverpool perfectly true hat 110 doabt was wealthy Sl'. H66? a nuniber of vrv tn Manchester district who Keroniret cust5mers the-bank for motors from feer'anh61 a geneKl1 oi his colleagues to the nm- Should iltimWy ra.tged ihat Bodden i "leanume, lor nf reasons of his desires nA Phn return his bills 1:37 Hle latter due.

A mistake. was made bv a clerk i i "faLini mat ins the. hnni, otters uporam- betn trealA which he in vhich he was incr i i. "nusacuon, and renresent-ef Rorlriori hb-n-senbput the couSt a matter of fact ha had T-ma to hhi the bank." Deln of in ni.r, IIIUU cAiOTotaoSnCti6i produced a in detaH as" toSfh0lan agnbr eave evidence was still in question, and Triif examinatidn at the adjourn beioreDeIphm WaS adraitM to the same bail THE CHURCHES, J. Ht Hardv.

11.. 1 The Rev and a half years pf the Norton 0 CeT "v1 Congregational in Anew Wle Sunday The Rev. Riddette, of Haydock closed is ministry thnr-lf c' his twenty yee-hae" Vrn -gegational Church on institutionaflines in th3 midst of a working class community. -The ZLe6h remlSe' cost over SS whose by 'that they should wall nn -1 UUttUUIlH Well an Tl -7 300181 and educational S3 "vllreB' alltl sSe-selected Mr. SuSs Ut hCr idals' The Evans oSTSSSLt a.record appreciation of Mr.

Rtddette a services, and are making him a presentation. The church and its aUied n- him a Po gold and a framed illuminated address. The Rev Trustees, has accepted the position of honorary pastor during the vacancy. nonorary NEW- VICAR OF BOWDON 0fowBdiOTT3P haS ffCTed of Bowdon which ehortly wiu become vacant the VelTl? ith6 BV- Oanon Gore, to vLt ZV1 Archdeac Wood, 6 rMeaCOn' who iB widel? known in the North of England, is an M.A. of Trinity College, Cambridge.

(31st. Wrangler, 1863) -Hj was curate of Taryin (18B5-71), Wallasey (1871-78), vicar of St. Mary's, Liscard (1878-86), vicfr nS0, ainLf lm' an of dsharn (1891-1905), proctor for tho diocese of (Siestcr (1892-1904), and honorary canbn of Chester (1390-1904). In 1904 he was appointed Archdeacon of Macclesfield. He is an examining chaplain to th3 Bishop of Chester.

Th: net value of the living of, Bowdon is less than is commonly supposed namely. 500 or 600. house. EUCHAEISTIC CONGBESS: The International Eucharistic Congress was opened in Madrid Sunddy evening by the Papal in the Church of San Francisco (telegraphs 'Renter's correspondent). The Infante Carlos extended.

a hearty welcome to delegates from all' nations on behalf the King of Spain. A general assembly of the Congress was held in the Church of San Francisco on Monday, under the presidency of Cardinal Aguirre the -Papal Legate and the Primate of Spain, who was accorded an enthusiastic After a report of the last Euoharistio Congress, held at had been given by the -Archbishop of Montreal, two telegrams iBoeived from the members of the, and graE htem- ple.n.. indulgence. Pr Igg was the bishop of wo afterwards spoke was the Bishc-p of Potosi: who stronsly-advocatod thof? should receive (mmuritori from'The of veight, his argumenla ibeing greeted mnC aPPla i v. i'r.

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THE PEOPLE'S BANK Ltd. Anthorued Sbire Capital, 500.000. BANKING FOR WOMEN." Special Facilities Provided. Frw Elnstiatm Booklet. Manchester: 36, DEANSGATE.

Iierpool; ST. JOHN'S LAKE. 'i HSAD OTJICE VXtfEAPSlDE, LONDON, E.C SBAHCEXS THBOUQHOTJT THK KINQDOM. jflZ RYTE 3C: ML- LUBOYAU fOP ANIMALtJUJ jr See the Elliman E.F.A. Booklet 9 UNIVERSAL, for HUMAN USE 1 See the Elliman S.B J.

Booklet foand enolosed with bottles of EUiman's jt nvwTli Name Is BlmanZfT ELUMfcH. aONSa SLQuSENOLAND. FARROW SB AN Ei in evidence me r.ii,t lot find such prices in the.neTOpapersasIranK QJi t'AK? tnl'd 'her not 4a lyn' stated current, and iyn snnea that taKe notice ot tne newspnyeio. hetried all the markets, could "oga stock pnees-he M5au, Asked, to state roughly toow much money she deposited with.Messrs.,reeborn, Fraklui, the four and" a half riae- sald 108,000. or She got-back The plaintiff's evidence was not- conolund when the -Court-adjourned till to-day.

THE BOTTOMLEY CASE- ALLEGED MISREPEESENTATIONS AS TO TVift hearim was; resumied in the King's Bench' Division yesterday' of the action brought bv Mrs. -Eleanor Francis Curitis against jiut. Horatio" Bottbmley," to recover 57,835, alleged to have been obtained from' her fattier, the late Master, for.worthless by means 6f fraudulent representation's. The de fendant denied that he made any false or fraudulent representations. The plaintiff' sued flW.hfl sola executrix' of her father.

Witnesses were called to the shares Mr. whose firm acted as solicitors tor Mr. -Master lor a year irom aepuciiiu, iw-r -m Hiri not Btrike him as a dod- i- ra-r, hA on the con- trarv to be quite competent to understand rbusiness- transactions and w.as Keen aDput speculation. Witness. gave.

Jar. maiter im, but 'he did not follow it, and continued to speculate. He never, said -that mr. jjoiwmicy had -in. any-transaction made false.or fraudulent representations to mm, ann muiKa Mr.

Hunt further stated that he had tried to sell a number of Mr. master snares, uuu uau been advised tnat uiey wro iiuk. Mr Bottomley said he respectfully submit that there was no case to go to the jury. He submitted that there be evidence to go to the jury of. some Mr.

Master-before he purchased any of those shares, which misrepresentation, was' false to his (Mr. Bottomley 's) knowledge. From beginning to end of the case counsel for the plaintiff had not prouuoea oue ubut ui cvi-r chrrar that hefora the purchase of the shares by Mr. Master he (Mr. Bottomley) made any laise representaiiuu.

TsvrA fhiof TnKtia said he thought there were parts of he case which should go to the jury, trat he would not express auj uinnuii a to which parte they were until he had heard the rest- of the evidence. The case was adjourned until Friday. TARIFF REFORM. THE COTTON TRADE ASSOCIATION The first annual meeting of the Cotton Trade Tariff Reform Association was held yesterday at the Constitutional Club, Manchester. In the absence of the president, Lord Derby, who was in London, Mr.

E. B. Eielden took the chair. The Council state in their annual report that there has been a constant and rapid accession of members to the Association since the first meeting- in March. 1910.

which was attended by fortv cotton soinners and manufacturers. But laree as the membersbin roll is. they claim that it falls short of demonstrating the real strength of Tariff Reform amongst manufacturers, tne list of firms who support the existing system being largely, they say, composed of importing and exwrtinsr merchants, who can hardly be said to represent the' cotton-trade as a-producing industry. -The first work of the. Council was a nublication and a renort on the present condi tion of the cotton trade, which was published last October, and of this report over 30,000 have been circulated.

At yesterday's meeting the.arinual read and adopted, and liord ueroy Te elected president of the Association. The fol vjiuuoia wcic ttiau cictim itii uic picscuu year Mr. Frederick Baynes, of i a i j.f i. Blackburn; vice chairmen, Messrs. J.

E. Prest wich and Percy Glass; hon. secretary. Mr. William Thompson; hon.

treasurer, Mr. David Marriage, of Chorley. MOTOR CYCLIST KILLED. ACCIDENT IN THE ISLE OF MAN. An intending competitor in the senior motor-cycle race, one of "the Douglas Jubilee a Rudge-Whitworth machine, took a dangerous cdrner at the bottom of Creg Willys Hill, Glen Helen, at too great a speed1 and was thrown off.

Hia skull was fractured. Medical attendance waa at hand, but he had been instantly killed. An irfquest was held during the evening on Surridge. Victor Avison Holroyd, manager of Rudge-Whitworth, Limited, Coventry, whose cycle Surridge was riding, described how the rider had 'been once round1 the course. He was watching him and saw him take the bend of the Toad too wide, get his machine in the gutteT, try to recover, and then thrown with his head against the-rocks.

The machine did) not ekid. It was -going at -a-good -speed but. Although only 19 years' old Surridge was a skilful rider. Medical evidence showed that death was due to fTactured" skull. The 'jury returned a -verdict of accidental death, adding' a rider' addressed'to the Union suggesting' that in future the course- be shortened, as riders' were probably; unabie to remember all the bends in the- course.

Coroner pointed out that Surridge ad lived for a week near where the accident occurred. Surridge belonged' to Ongar, Essex'and was the son 'of a cycle agent; Hehelfdi several speed records made at of. over 60 miles rin an hour. The race, for which he was practising is one of those for the Auto-cycle Union's tourist-trophy. THE HOLMES-MOEANT CIRCULAR.

The Stretford. Education Committee last night 'unanimously the following resolution: That this Committee emphatically protests against the' spirit and' tendency of-the. 'Holmes-Morant circular, whereby the higher posts of educational service of the: country are reserved-and preserved -for those who have been -'educated at the older publio schools and-uni-versities, to the exclusion of persons, however well qualified by knowledge, experience, and training, who may have received their education in other and newer, seats of The Ctonrmittee further suggested the ap. nointment of a Commission to inf the whole, question of.the appointment and' promotion .01 tne omcers of Board of ENDORSEMENTS' ON CHAUFFEURS' LICENCES. A REPLY TO A PETITION TO.

THE KING; head Chauffeurs'. Club, of 'Great Britain and Ireland, which, recently forwarded a petition to the Xing; praying for the cancellation' of 'endorsement has received a reply stating that the Home Secretary has laid tha pjetition-befpre the King, but has not been able to advise, the tb; isspie. any. commands on the'prerogaiive 'of-nijeircy does not extend to the Temoyirig-ci eridmente 'from lic issued Acts. MISSING FRjOTBALtrboinSTO of the nine balloSns' which started on SitoSr' No.

news of the- which started on Sakuay the comtHtion' "Ie competition tor tne vemaen urand.Pnze. As this 19 the only balloon not it is -concluded (states Beuters corieaTxmdent) that it must hA aeronauts, Blondel andC mu um as lUDercjuiosis treated in sanatoria i i ciiunciy umitw io me turn- Then clause 15 (1) should be amended so as trlOVOr 5n tn ordinary market on buying and direct Health Committees to make similar inS- The Plaintiff acted upon the advice of arrangements with manaeera of hos-nitals for the treatment therein of insured i nersons entitled in hoanitni honcfli i the clause now directs such committees to 1 system in which the dice were always loaded ceiebration contests was killed whilst nractis-make with the managers of sanatoria for theiin favur dealer- Mr. Atkin explained wcas k.ljUed whilst practis SfflSSS The thing-was Should this Declaration ratified, it would be pos- sible for a bellicerent in the crisis of a ereat conflict-to sink every neutral ship which car-1 ried corn to the starving millions in these islands. (Lheers.) Neutrals' Inability to Protest. The oqly reply that, so far as he was aware, had ever been made to this argument was that bad as this condition of things was it was not made worse by the Declaration of London.

It was said that there were nations who declared that food was contraband of war, or might be contraband of war, going to a civil population. But there had never been a case for many generations, if at all, in which a neutral carrying food had been actually captnred. brought before a prize court, and condemned) Why, the general view of the civilised world, the view of the prize courts of the great maritime nations, the view of America, tho view of England had always been violently opposed to this sinking of neutrals, to this treating of foodstuffs destined for a civil population as contraband of war. And these neutrals when their interests were attacked and their notions of public morals were violated protested violently. Injur- of neutrals had often ended in.

war. Short of war theTe were an immense' number of methods by which one great nation' might make itself uncommonly disagreeable to another great nation, and if. our corn was being- carried) in neutral ships belonging to powerful neutrals, he did not believe that, if this Declaration were unratified, any belligerent would daTe to'have strained relations when they were exerting every nerve in their fight: with the single doctrine which had hitherto been the doctrine of America and Britain, under: the Declaration had lost every power of What couia it say i it could not go. and1 to the fri -p. "VA tt-wn 1 law almost to the breaking point, if you go on like this-we shall make' thinga- as disagreeable for you as we can." Thev eJmiW nnf ear that either in diplomatic any other language.

They' could not -address' remonstrance to. any Power. AH thenationa.twar wouki say -wouia ne, we. are verj-sorry for you, but you must go to the-international tribunal This would make neutral trade an absolute, im: possibility. (Cheers.) The result WrvnIfT htx a' of these shores so neutrals were coucernea.

vvueers: xne working of these provisions would produce a condition-, of -things which had never prevailed even in the" worst days of international-law the ing and driving off the sea of. eveTy kind of ueunai -vessel. mg IOOUSIUnB civil jjupuiuuuu. The Interests of Peace. Finally Mr.

Balfour appealed to those who declined to look at the question from a national point of view, and who, as ho thought mistakenly, would sacrifice a national interest for what they conceived to be the general progress and growth of international law. and- of the machinery for preserving peace by diminishing the horrors of war should. war break out. To them he would earnestly "say that the greatest interest of peace was- not to destroy the power of-those nations which were most concerned to maintain peace. Peace was nnt nmin making it a relatively cheap and innocuous operanun iv to str wuu tne British Empire "lou do not -promote peace by making the British Empire powerless for war." (Loud cheers.) The interests of peace were best secured when, those nations which by their position and traditions were most inclined to ageres sive warfare -were hot rendered a helpless prev to more highly organised military States No service was done to international law bv en-pointing tribunals of doubtful authority (cheers) to deal with incidents of infinite national importance.

The cause of international law was not furfhoTari n. seal" to instruments which did not touch som of the greatest subjects of international mari- uuj law, uiu omer resnect3 were so ambiguously worded. Let them therefore pray the Government not indeed to reject or to refuse sneeitVTiTyt. 1 i "i this bad thoogh -vtae, but tb miuw oi iiiii into it (cheers) unaei contuaons wnicn would enable experts od all kinds to be heard. It wsa not known ,,.1, ru i riii treatment of insured nersons entitled in sana torium benefit; no charge, however, to be made Dy tne nospitais unless the last published accounts showed year's working.

Further, such institutions and their othcers, nurses, and servants should be exempted from liability under the bill WORKING-CIiASS CONTRIBUTIONS. Sir William Cobbett. in the cnurse. nf liia speech, explained that the meeting had been callcd in consequence of a request made to him at a meeting of the British Hospitals' Association in London' early in the present month. All those present were closely concerned as to the effect the bill would have -unon thii funds of hospitals and as' to what remedy should le i r.

tit; i. 1 uro nxiuiabcr cnaTge or the bill. The Chancellor of the Exchequer had expressed an opinion the measure would not affect' the hospitals, but there was arrayed against him the practically unanimous opinion of hospital governors and managers that such institutions would be injuriously affected to a very serious degree. The workmen who would benefit by the insurance scheme were substantial, and' in some oases the most important contributors to the hospitals, and in cases their assistance, combined with- that of their employers, was most considerable. Bv dealing with these aids at the source the' bill must bit very- liaTdly the contributions to hospital and infirmary funds coming from the factory and.

the. workshop. After discussion a resolution was" unanimously passed on4 the' motion of Sir Frank chairman of the Mary's Hospital, seconded, by Mr. William P. Park chairman of the.

Preston Royal Infirmary approving of a memorial prepared on Monday by a Sub-committee of the British Hospitals' Association for presentation to the Chancellor of the Exchequer, on behalf of the voluntary hospitals of Great Britain and Ireland. This memorial urges that any adequate scheme for ensuring medical attendance for the working classes involves the provision of hospital accommodation persons suffering from serious or unusual diseases or in need of operative assistance that the voluntary hospitals are-at present supplying, this need at an annual cost of nearly four million pounds, exclusive of interest. on the original cost of tTio that "all-the medical' schools of the country de- nmv. uucu cwuicuujr ujwa voluntary nos-pitals; and that all. such -hospitals should be for the expenses which may actually incur in- the treatmentof persons volun-: tarily or compulsorily insured, by the bill.

COMPLAINTSBY SHOP-ASSISTANTS AND CLERKS. A meeting of men and women who are asso ciated with the Manchester Federation of Shop' woTters ana uierxs was. new last night in Manchester to consider the-National Insurance Bill-as it will affect shop assistants and clerks. Mr. J.

Halkworth, of the Co-operative Employees' Union, was in the chair. Mr Fullerton. of the Shop Assistants' Union' introduced, the subject, and there was a general discussion. The speakers, with scarcely an exception, were against the bill as To make it acceptable at all thev i expressed the opinion that the-bul a dehberste nMrnnf to smash trade unions. Other speakera said the.proposed contributions of empWXr woxsers, aoo? uie.iong run the workAr would have to bear the burden of the would havTto beartbViue SdbSton as wrfL SSStal? their existent Sf? SflSSS maintain their existence under its irWS: advantage of the bOl would be gained, by the army of middie-class ing it, if it ahould become law.

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