The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 10

THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, THE DYESTUITS SCHEME. THE SUBMARINE'S POWERS 1 rv gfii Gala to osLapsaki 'z Boghdlu-M iurgas CHANAK I SnSf WMlggffi0 MILES Kum-Ko'l FORTS JS 30 iao I MANCHESTEB OOABSIAN MAP DEPABHIEST: COP1B1GHI. THE DARDANELLES. BV A STUDENT OF WAR. (By Appointment to HJVf.

the Kine. KENDA TIegim: Telephone: 6203 c-rtr Nillfary Tailoring AND complete outfitti IN USE OVER SIXTY YEARS FOR CONSUMPTION. DISEASES OF THE CHEST and THROAT, BRONCHITIS, ASTHMA. DEBILITY GENERAL WASTING DISEASES. SOLO ALL LEAPING CHEMISTS ft STORES.

-Sole Consignees: ANSAR HARFORD CI, lez, Cray's Inn Road. Londom. When Illness a raid reinforee 'with MOVKIL BRITISH TO THE BACKBONE. PUBLISHED. FITS Pi LE PSY" THEATHENT." By 3.

GILBERT DALE. Content: Introduction llse Cmne ot Epllnpsy-TIre Fora ft Effi-ctsoi Epilepsy Tha TreatmenL Pri 1. Post Fre. GILBERT Holland Park, London, W. SERVICE DRESS AND OMPtETE EQUIPMENT.

t.Mi:'.o.,":ii' -y. lifMAL IPQWERS AND GERMANY. CASE OF THE EVELYN. INDIGNATION IN AMERICA. (FROM A CORRESPONDENT.) New York, Mondat.

from "Washington states that itfis officially announced there that the State Department does not consider any reply is needed in the case of Sir Edward Grey's latest Notes. "With regard to the German Note -there appears to be some uncertainty, for; while puhlio opinion is strongly in favour cf a further official protest against the proposed torpedoing of American vessels in the ''war zone," the Administration appears disinclined to make any move at present on the ground that a reply to one of the belligerents would necessitate a Teply to the other. On crhat this argument is based is not clear. indignation over the destruction the steamer Evelyn by a German off Borkiun is very great. rWith regard to the Evelyn, the State Department does not propose-to action until full details have been" received from the; American Ambassadors'- in- Berlin, and Ixmdon.

Particulars have been-asked for by the State Department, but in the meantime the officials have warned the Vessel's owners that their best policy will be to file a civil suit for damages. Possible, Embargo on Interned Shipping. That the United States will adhere strictly to its threat to hold Germany to strict accountability for submarine outrages is, however, certain, and the New York Tribune warns Germany that there are other ways of securing compensation than by going to war. "The newspaper points out that at the present moment 'there are 65 German and 11 Aus-. irian merchantmen, aggregating 518,706 interned, in American ports, and that these-vessels will he regarded as hostages for -the safety of American shipping.

Their value, as the Tribune indicates, is far more than, the value of any American mer- chantmen likely to be imperilled by the "blockade." The New York "World" sees in the Ger-" man decree establishing Government control of foodstuffs in Germany an official confes sion that, the German Empire is in sore straits economically," -and 'adds that dire necessity alone ha-', compelled. Germany to adopt such measures; The indignantly repn-- diates tba official excuse that under such circumstances Germany is entitled to disregard neutral and says that' it is important that Americans whose lives and property on the high seas are imperilled by submarines and mines should understand precisely Germany has done, for on the interpretation of the decree the settlement of momentous international problems will depend' 3-Tie newspaper goes on: "The gravity. jf the situation lies in the fact that Germany's war zone is plainly intended to coerce friends as well as foes. It is a demand for focKb for non-combatants by a warlike Empire yhich has seized the food of non-- ombatarte." Tremendous activity is being 'displayed in the- Altaatic coast shipyards and arsenals, end it -is that the War and Navy De-" TJrtmente are not neglecting their proper functions: The Army arid Navy Journal" Jaan editorial article urges President Wilson to Congress for authority to mobilise a tnillion men to-enforcel neutrality. feNDlN AVIAN CONFERENCE.

(Reutkb's Correspondent.) Copenhagen, Monday. 'The Scandinavian North Sea Conference neld plenary sittings on Wednesday and Saturday sub-committee sittings on Sunday morning, and again' this morning bnd this afternoon. To-morrow -the plenary sittings will be resumed. It is hoped that jho work of the Conference will be finished to-morrow, but it" is not possible to say with certainty that this will be so, as it mav, perhaps, be necessary for the delegates to confer with their respective Governments. Nothing is known about the discussions of the Conference, but it is believed they have for the most part related to the question of convoying merchant ships.

The result will be published simultaneously in the three countries. ANGER IN NORWAY. (Exchange Teleoram.) Copenhagen, Monday. It is stated in usually well-informed quarters that the experiences of the Norwegian steamer Belridge have brought home to th conference of the Scandinavian Governments at Copenhagen the seriousness of the situation, which is nroKahlv rpsnnncihla r- 1 I VJ iu LUU fact that the deliberations have been Dro- 1 3 -i jongea nil wuiurrow. The statements in the foreign press that Scandinavia has decided to take combined steps with Holland and America: 0n4Vu wroncr.

The intrd-a nf are so wholly different that for this reason alone there is at present no ground for -1 A mutuiu actiuu. uenginy correspondence is, iowever. coine on with Lnndnn AJVllJU. Germany offence to the Norwegian flag las created a feeling of anger all over Nor-way. The members of the Government ara wul.iuuu "'uiug wiuerences, and it is reported that a meeting with the King took place this afternoon.

The "Tidens Tpoti un it misiaKe nas been made Norway should immediately demand compensation. Our voi journal, "is weak, bnt in Stance it would be' heard in all neutral countries. The world's mightiest should not Kut tUT neUtrali jk- SUBMARINE-BUILDING YARD AT ANTWERP. Manchester Guardian and Daily leiegrapn" war Service. RoTTEKDAM, MoOTAT.

Information, the accuracy of which is touched for by eye-witnesses, reaches the "Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courani" that the Germans are building submarines at Antwerp Come time ago a high wall was erected round Cockenll's yard and wharves at Hoboken What was taking place on the other side of it was not known until one dav the curiosity of certain workmen in a neighbouring establishment lnducedthem to Jioist themselves to a height commanding the shut-off area Tliev then beheld a body of German Admiralty workmen busy upon uncompleted submarines. A few days afterwards a crane was requisitioned and employed to lower submarines into the water, where they were tested. There- arcer we suomannes, or parts or submarines ere transported to Zeebrugge by train. DUTCfl COAST DANGERS. Bum.

11T i- -Amstkbdam, iloAT. "Het Vblfc? says that the crews of four Datch luggers af Ymuiden have refused to go outduring the night owing to the dangers from taines and submarines. It is reported by fwssls entering Ymuiden that several mines baxa tues eeea-rOS-the Eandbank of MR. RUNCIMAN'S REPLY TO CRITICS IN THE COMMONS. (Fhom our Pabhamentabt Corbebpondbht.) Westminster, Monday Night.

Even after to-nieht's debate, in Trbiohi according to Mr. Theodore Taylor, everybody was able to say exactly what he thought, the A-cnciiiGc ohamo thn Hnvernment remaiiMsvi something of a mystery. For one thing, mr. Runciman found it impossible to live up to Mr. Taylor's anticipation.

"Some of tne steps we propose to take," he expiainea, "cannot be disclosed at present." Again. the official scheme and the scheme actually under discussion seemed to be two different affairs the latter: all monopoly, compulsion. and exclusiveness, and the former as flexible and considerate a piece of emergency ad ministration as could be conceived. Little wonder that Mr. Chamberlain, re viewing the discussion, felt constrained to pronounce it not only interesting but re markable.

One gathered that almost with out exception everybody wanted something to be done, but at the same time wanted that something' to he on rather different lines from the Government scheme. Accordine to one set of critics the proposal. was too protective in its mam principles, ana according to a rival school not protective enough which simnlv meant, to borrow Air, Kuncunan's philosophic conclusion, that. "like all practical schemes, it has the dis advantage of being full of compromise. Not Protection, but "Security." Compromise is undoubtedly at a disadvan tage in debate, especially in a debate involving economic issues.

Members who ventured to night to say "exaetly what they thought' found themselves in a happier position than their less outspoken colleagues. Thus Mr, Paget left his meaning in no doubt when he suggested to Ministers that they should recog nise that the only method of protecting these ereat industries is to nut on such protective duties as will enable them five 4 years after the war to meet any competition Mr. Lough remarked, this was a clean speech in favour of Protection) and, replying as one to whom dyestuffs do not appeal strongly at all," Mr. Lough retorted with a clean speech in favour of Free Trade, Those candid protagonists, however, were exceptions to a general rule of verbal cloudi ness. What Mr.

Hewins found fault with in the scheme was not its failure to guarantee a system of protective duties after the war but a certain lack of security for its subscribers in future vears. Presentlv one begun to realise that this phrase had become sort or catchword. Security," urged Mr vnumoeriain, "is necessary tor the establish ment or me business and for its con tmuance after the war." Naturallv much depended on what was meant by security. Did it mean a tariff? asked Mr. J.

M. Robertson, in reply to the challenge Mr. Chamberlain frankly admitted thiit it did, adding that, in his opinion, this would be a fairer solution than the Govern ment 8 proposal of a bou'ritv To the objections raised. by Mr. Taylor and other friendly critics against the element of compulsion in the and particularly against the binding effect of the proposed five years' agreement- on subscribers, Mr.

Eunciman replied, in effect, that the agreement was not to' be made- ah. absolute condition of subscription, that. the. priority of supply to customers under the agreement would be enforced only when the supply was limited, and that since there wns no intention of creating a monopoly, the company would have to face the competition of the onen market. "Unless the subscribers and those who siirn the afrrpompnt." hn arMorl am going-to be honourably bound, by it, and are- not going to adopt dodges and tricks to get out of it, the agreement will be of no value.

At the same time, he urged with much emphasis that the company should have some assurance that it was not to be strangled as soon as peace was decided it would be impossible for those concerned to act boldly in their new enterprise. I Boldness, it. may be noted, was shown 'not to have been lacking so far, notably-in the Government's- option to acquire for the purposes of the scheme a great dyestuffs manufacturing, business at Huddersfield ns well as other arrangements 'of a striking character. The Government's Million. On the whole.

the weakness of the debate was its poverty of constructive suggestion, and its leading characteristic the diversity of opinion which it revealed Most of the speakers agreed with Mr. Buncimnn that the scheme must make provision for what was to happen after the but there were others who, contended' with Sir Cawley that the Government, instead of launching out in a time of crisis on commercial undertakings of Napoleonic scope, should limit themselves for the present an: emergency arrangement. Yet, as has been said, everybody agreed that something should be "done, and on this -admission Mr. Runciman could claim With some effect that the Government scheme held the Exception was taken in some quarters to fiufvra uuuiuuii auDsiay an objection which the Minister had sought to anticipate by warningrtne" House that the textile industries depended, on the supply of dyes and that a single month of stoppage in the cotton trade would if mop up." -more than the million the Government-proposed to give If Jess was said than have been 1 expected as to the prospects ofia general -finon- eial SUPOOrt- for thpi rtrhprna'H- 1. -7 lor tne reason that here, Mr.

Eahciman had been able to "discount conjecture i by- announcing that subscriptions amouritinir 400,000 had actuall been; prok to wmcn aaaea a dFhis own that the balance would be-forthcoming USE OF WTBELESS IN PANAMA CANAL REGION, BRIT1SH-AMERICAN AGREEMENT. theoperatton.offOTreleas in.andialtlthe andntiBli'oVuiseTSJ agreement certain' honm ofthX'y wffl'be air' hv wahdrins. Anrl fUKnincww iTTOQI Mi. BQ THE LOSS OF A RUSSIAN ARMY CORPS. A STUBBORN RETREAT.

The following is the full text of that part of Sunday's Russian official despatch which described the retreat of the 10th Army from East Prussia o.n the Niemen and the Bobr and of which a summary appeared in our later editions yesterday In this movement the right wing of the Tenth Army, pressed by great enemy' forces and threatened with the envelopment of its richt flank, was forced into a very rapid turn-, ing movement in the direction of Kowno. This rapid movement exposed the flank of the following corps, which consequently found itself in an extremely difficult position, and only isolated elements succeeded in. The other corps of the Tenth Aroiy fell back, slowly in the directions assigned to them, fighting stubbornly and incessantly, valiantly repulsing the enemy's attacks, and inflicting upon him heavy losses, while all the time having to overcome the incredible difficulties caused by the deep snow which blotted out all the roads. As the roads were quite impassable, the motor transport vans could not move, and the supply trains were delayed, often not reaching their destinations at all. Falling back slowly, step by step, the corps forming the left wing of the Tenth Army held off the enemy for nine days in a country which in ordinary circumstances can be traversed in four days.

On February 19 and 20 these corps, retiring by way of Augustovo, emerged from the fighting, area and occupied the positions aBsigne to them. THE GERMAN ACCOUNT. 100,000 PRISONERS AND 150 QUNS TAKEN. (Pbess Association Wab Special.) Amsterdam, Monday. The following official report from the Main Army Headquarters is published in Berlin to day The pursuit of the Russians after the winter battle in the Mazurian Lake district is now finished.

While scouring the woods north-west of Grodno and in t.h battles of the last days in the district of the Bobr and Narew we have captured up to the present one commanding general, two generals of division, four other generals, about 40,000 men, and 75 guns, ine number of machine suns captured has not yet been ascertained. Much more war material was taken. The entire captures in the winter battle in the Mazurian Lake district amount up to today to seven erenerals and over 100.000 men, more than 150 guns, -and a great quantity of war material ot ail tcinas, inciuaing maciune suns the number of which has not vet been ascertained. The enemy repeatedlv burned or threw into the lake heavy guns and ammunition. Yesterday, near Lotzen, on the Widmin Lake, we dug out or recovered from the water eight heavv euns.

The Tenth Russian Army, under General Baron Sievers, can be regarded as completely anmnnated. The daily report from the Main Headquar ters says: In the eastern theatre of the war new battles near Grodno and north of Schawola are developing. The battles already announced north-west of Ossowec, at Lomza, and near Przasinysz are proceeding. In Poland south of the Vistula there is nothing new to report. The "Telegraaf" learns from Berlin that thanKsgiving services tor the liberation ot East Prussia were celebrated yesterday in all the Berlin churches.

The Emperor and Empress and the Duke and Duchess of Brunswick attended the service at the Cathedral. A tele'eram from Berlin says that the Prussian Diet resumed its sittings to-day The President read a statement regarding the booty capftired in. the battle in the. Masurian Lakes district, and the; deputies decided that the President, should send a telegram of con gratulation to the Jinipcror. THE AUSTRIAN REPORT.

(Pbess Association Wab Special.) Amsterdam, Monday. A telegram from Vienna states that the following official report was issued there this evening: South of the Sneister bier battles are develop ing. Strong hostile groups were repulsed yesterday after a prolonged fight. Two thou sand and four guns and war material were oaptufed. The number cf prisoners we have taken since the end of January in the Carpathian battles, which number 29,000,.

a. Russian official report has stated to be falee. has now been aug mented to 64 officers and 40,806 men, with 34 machine guns ana nine guns. NEWSPAPERS FOR THE TROOPS. A LIST OF ADDRE88E8 AT THE FRONT AND IN EGYPT.

The following is a complete list of the addresses to which those of our readers who are sending "Manchester Guardians" to the, front or to Egypt should post their copies of the, paper: The Officer Commanding, 1st Battalion the Cheshire Regiment, British Expeditionary Force, The Adjutant, 1st Loyal North Lancashire Regiment. The O.O., 1st East Lancashire Regiment. The O.C., 2nd East Lancashire Regiment. The Quartermaster, 1st the King's Own (Royal. Lancaster) Regiment.

The Quartermaster, 2nd the South Lancashire Regiment. The O.C., A Company, 2nd Manchester Regiment: or The O.C..s Company, 2nd Manchester Regiment: or The O.C.. Company, Manchester Regiment; or The O.C, Company, Manchester Regiment, The words British Expeditionary Force France," should be added in the. case of eacaoiuB.wuTe. Addresses in Egypt.

and Beadin. toom, Cairo. Tenaorials' Headl and. Refreshment Room, Bcotch Cbtnch, Alexandrhu The Officer Commanding Troops, at foUowing places: AleiaadtU; "Citadel Cairo; 1 AbbaMia Barracks, Cairo. Cairo: it nr.

if tha rjioer elcrefTa -nv- AND LIMITATIONS. "Manchester Guardian" and "Dally Telegraph War Service. Not a little misapprehension exists still with reference to the powers of the submarine and the1 number' of these craft of the seacoinc tvne which the enemy possesses. Just before the war opened it was affirmed that the submarine was a vessel of inconsiderable military value. Everyone remem bers the 'discussion raised by Admiral Sir Percy Scott.

Those who were in the opposite camp stated that on the surface the sub' marine was less effective than the destroyer a. frail craft that could be easily destroyed by gunfire; that she was slow even on the surface and slower still when submerged; that she was almost blind when dependent for vision on the. periscope, and. quite blind when completely submerged; that she could not operate far from a base except she were accompanied by a "mother that she was useless for offensive operations at night We now know by experience that these criticisms were not all founded on ixow that light has been thrown on the wide range of activity of the submarine there is a "ten-dency for opinion to swing to the other ex treme. I have seen it stated, tor instance, that a German vessel can creep round from the North Sea and take up a-position off our western ports, remaining invisible throughout the passage.

That is not so. A large tru'b- marine of the latest type of which the enemy has about a dozen has on the surface a radius of action of about 3,000 miles that is to say, she can travel that distance without, refilling her oil tanks, remaining visible at a considerable distance. When submerged a' submarine does not use the same motive power as on the surface. She is driven by electricity, and the electricity is obtained from accumulators. These contain sufficient energy to meet her needs for 50 to 70 miles.

Consequently the under-water craft can go only for a comparatively short distance beneath the surface. Then she must come to the surface and withthe. aid of the oil-motors recharge tlie accumulators. If these boats are open to destruction whenever they come to the surface, and that must be frequently, they offer, however, a small target, difficult to hit by gunfire, and they can submerge rapidly. Fortunately war experience has shown that against a' vessel travelling at 15 knots or mora mari-o'-war or merchant ship the submarine seldom succeeds.

It is also a fair presumption that beyond, a range of about 500 yards in waters such as the English with swift tidal the torpedo the submarine's weapon is comparatively ineffective, because it is very liable to be deflected from its. target. So there is no reason to anticipate, these and other reasons, that we shall lose many ships, and very few vessels, of 15 knots or over if they are handled with skill. In; the meantime, by her outrageous acts against ships of all nations Germany is virtually torpedoing herself. Archibald Hunt.

THE ESSEX AIK RAID. SOLDIERS' COOL WAY WITH A BURSTING BOMB. At a meeting -vestercfev of the Brairifcrpe Urban Council, which was attended by the officers of the Bfh Notts shire Regiment, the Chairman made presentations to two soldiers in recognition of their plucky action on the. occasion of the air raid on Sunday. The men, Corporal Large and Private Goodall, finding one of the bombs in a field, olaoed a stick t.hrnneh tHa handle and proceeded to carry the missile to the river.

On the way the bomb burst into flame, but the men. ran on with their burden and immersed it in the river. Large received a silver cigarette case and Goodall a silver watch. The two bombs dropped at Braintree were of the same pattern. One burnt itself, out in the field, and the other, which only partially ignited, was immersed in' the river.

The ho-mh thai. fell at Coffge shall was of a different type, and when it struck the ground it exploded with a tremendous report, making a circular hole five feet in diameter in the earth. ThA vinrlnwa nt a greenhouse twentv vard.s awav were and fragments of the thell cut through the stout wooaen rails ot a fence. Fortunately no one was near the "spot. ine scene of.

bomb explosion at Colchester was vesterdav hv military clufflng Generals Max3e and Richardson. All weTe of opinion that the shell was from a German aeroplane and not an airship. Sergeant Rabjobn and his wife looked none the worso fcr their thrilling experience, and their little two-year-old child, who remained "asleep durinsr and after the about in front of the it was iouna ma- jirs. Aaojonn cloak had been pierced bv two bullets. One most was the piercing of a tree trunk by three bullets, so mai me stem, was supported by.

shreds of fibre. A British biplane made four fliehts Tiupt Glasgow district yesterday, and attracted much attention. The trip proved highly successful THE SECOND AIR RAID ON THE BELGIAN COAST. REPORTS OF SEVERE DAMAGE. (Central Xewb Cobbespondent.) Amsterdam, Tha.

Tiid has WU- cerning the second 'air raid carried' out by coast. -1 At Blankenberghe sixteen soldiers were killed 'and many wounded. At Zeebrngge one suDmarine was severely while several batteries along the coast' to-the south of the town were" badly damaged. An extraordi nary number of bomlu were dropped on the coast batteries between Knocke and Zeebrugge, a great number of the guns were destroyed. An officer and seven men were killed near Knocke, and many of the soldiers who were serving the batteries shared their fate.

These men have oeen oontu in ine a lines, wnile the Officer has been buried in the Knocke cemetery. As showing the carefulness of the aviators it may be stated that at Zeebrugge not a smeie civilian bouse was hit or a single JAPAN AND CHINA. Manchester Guardian and Dally Telesraph War Serafce. Pekix, Moxdat. As BOTH cod fusion flpp6irs to rst in tho minds of many people, I am in a position to mui uiai, nina last.

-Tnesrfn jun.u vuimat-viaiM unv iuiieb, most precise and nnexpurnated details of all the ing diplomatic negotiations at the disposal 0f vuic MiMw vi uuuuvu, rarlSj "etro- graa, ana usuiugion. HEAVY SNOWFALL IN THE VEST Ur lKcLAND. The lower Shannon districts, em hT.r.;, tions of Limerick. Kerrv. and Clnm terdaV Visited by the ihearimrt snnw.il i year.

In places the show was J2in- deep, and roaoB were rendered immmMt I wide, and even here there is nothing in the accounts to suetrest that any of our ships actually entered the straits. Past the forts at the entrance, the straits widen out to the Bay of Erenkoi, which is about six miles across. Further up the straits the passage suddenly narrows to a mile, and here at the Narrows for bottia thrpn or four miles the banks on either sidn are studded with forts At Xagara, the ancient Abvdos, where Leander and Lord Bvroh after him swam the straits for a strong swimmer no very dim-cult feat except on a rough night, when the strong current makes it dangerous the passage is again not much more than a mile wide, and from this point the width of the straits varies from two to three miles, until they broaden out into the Sea of Marmora. At the beginning" of the war it is conceivable that a sudden dash through the straits' might have been successful, but ever since the Germans have been carefully organising- the Turkish defences. Moreover, in addition to the shore defences, the straits' are heavily mined, and, suitably placed at the end the straits, there is the Goehen to account for.

Some extraordinary feat of some brilliant stratagem, supported by remarkable might accomplish the. miracle, but. we have no right to count on these things. On the other haud, the forcing of the straits should present no insuperable difficulty to a fleet which had the: assistance of a strong army. The Peninsula of.

Gallipoli narrows at the lines of Bulair to little, more than two miles, and a strong fleet ought to be able without much difficulty to cover the landing of aforce which would 'take the forts the Dardanelles side of the "peninsula in. the rear. This operation has nex'er been attempted, but it has frequently been talked of as a possibility. But nothing has been heard of an army co-operating with the Allied fleet. It would have been a1 useful operation for the Bulgarian armies had they been fighting on the side of the Allies, but it has been evident for some time that they were unlikely to commit themselves except in return for inducements which the Allies have not yet'seen their way to give.

It is difficult to imagine any cost that would be too high. to, pay for the forcing of the Dardanelles and the occupation of Constantinople that would follow. Not only would it relieve the blockade of Russia, which there is reason to think- is to have a very serious effect on her military operations, but it would ruin all liermany Turkish ambitions, which were the most important cause of the European war. The fall of Constantinople would have moral effects as great as the fall or Antwerp, and its military and political consequences would be far greater. With JMiropean Turkey in their hands, the Allies ought to be able to.

call their own tune in thff Balkans, and the dream of another war-front against Germany on the south ought to become a Hungary is still, after all the counter-preparations made by Germany, the weakest area, in the German military sys of" defences: And the surest way to victory in Hungary. is through the Dardanelles, Kennard, Yorks. Regt. Lumsden, Capt. A.

Scots. Saunders, Lieut! H. East Yorks. "Rert. Ward, Sec.

Lieut. W. Regt. Wounded and Missing. Keating, Sec.

Lieut. Cheshire Regt. LOSSES AMONb CHESHIRE TERRITORIALS. of the following casualties has been rece.ved at Stockport: 6th Cheshire Territorial Battalion. Official.

Brivate J. Carr'uthers, 1,438, Street, Heaton in orris muea. Private H. Roberts, .2,150, Hadfield Main Road, naaneia Kiuea. "OFFICIAL.

Private' S. Studds, of wounds. Private W. Newsham, died at Rouen. Private J.

Ainsworth, 1,563 wounded. Private A. Johnson, Private Taylor, Private W. Delaney, 1,330 wounded. Sjergt.

J. Meakiri, 139 wounded slichtlv. SEES V'cim ishbt, serious. Other casualties in the same battalion are: rnvatft-W. Piatt, L562, Astley Street, Staly-' ZtrlyllI mat St'' Ashton.

w2-226' Albioa Place, Hollingf BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Large numbers of men who; have been intimately connected with the life of Manchester and the Worth of-England in com-; merce, politics, sooiety, or athletics are now, or soon will be, cn active service on the Continent, in Egypt, or elsewhere. So that' their services may be put on record the "Manchester Guardian" will be glad receive each biographical details as are of public interert in the. case of those whose names appear in the casualty IujU, or whose inclusion in forthcoming list jj: privately notified by tfw WarOffice, In all casesiwhere names have not yet' appewin Wished lute the' sender ot: biographical paragraphs '-should bo care exactly the character of the mthnatiph received from the Warpffice. The news of the bombardment of the forts at the entrance to the Dardanelles is very satisfactory, for it cannot be too clearly understood that the key to the military dead lock is.

more likely to be found in South- Eastern Europe than anywhere else. Hun gary is will for weeks. the strategic centre of the war on the eastern front. The main object "of the German movement in' East Prussia (apart from the natural desire to clear German territory of the presence of the invade'.) is to draw off the Russians from the Carpathians, and the next week or so will probably show that the main German concentration has been oh. this Austrian front and directed against in Gaiicia.

The natural answer to this strategy is a Rus sian concentration against Austria. To mass men against the Germans advancing from East Prussia would be to their game. But. to produce serious results against Hungary, strengthened as it has been by heavy German reinforcements and by Hungarian corps -lately fighting against the Russians near Cracow and'in'South-Eastern Poland, a much greater numerical preponderance of men is necessary than the Russians have yet secured. The Russians have the men, but it is doubtful whether they have the equipment, and the opening of the Dardanelles for the passago of Russian exports, and imports is therefore of the first importance, not only for the finance's' of Russia, but also for the success-of the whole campaign on the front.

The forcing of the Dardanelles is not an operation for fleets alone, and only a series of mintcles could take the Anglo-French fleet through unless it were assisted from the land. The straits are some 35 miles in length and tr 1 mvu mum varies irom rour to as little as one mile. Admiral' Sir John Duckworth is commonly said to have forced the straits in 1807, but then, the straits were almost with out fortifications, and while he was at Constantinople negotiating the Turks were busy strengthening their defences, and his fleet on the re-urn voyage had a very bad time indeed. Admiral Sir Geoffrev Phipns Hornbv also passed the straits at the height of the- Augio-nussian crisis in iota, out rurKey then regarded our fleet not as an enemy, but as its deliverer from the Russians, and, in fact, not a shot was fired against our fleet as it passed. That the passage of the straits should be regarded as an operation of great hazard under such circumstances readers of Hornby's life will remember the description of the breathless anxiety on the fleet during the passage is eloquent of 'their tremendous natural strength.

The bombardment" reported, in Monday's papers was conducted from'. outside the entrance straits at the entrance Sedil Bahr and Kum Kale. Here nhe straits- iare more than two miles CASUALTY LISTS. ROYAL LANCAfeTER OFFICERS KILLED. Last night's casualty lists contained the names of 18 officers and 1,065 men.

The following is summary of the rank -and file lists: Killed 87.. Uied of wounds 27 "Wounded 315 Wounded 36 Missing 575 The bulk of the missing belong to the Loyal-North Lancashire which hasa total of 26 leported missing, five previously reported missinjfhow unofficially an'd five reported "prisoners of rwar. The Cameron Highlanders, have 191" reported missing," the Royal West- Surrey Regiment 6 killed, 10 wounded, 86 mjssing the Northamptonshire Regiment 14 wounded and 24 missing; and trje Northumberland' Fusiliers 5 killed, 5 wounded, and 32 wounded and missing. Othe heavy loases recorded in the lists include King's Koyal Hifle Corps: Killed 13, wounded 28. Middlesex: Killed: 7, wounded 23.

West Torkshire: Killed 22. South. Wales Borderers: Killed 8, wounded 14. West Kent: Killed 6, wounded 15. The following casualties among officers are reported.

from General Headquarters under date 19th 1 Killed. Campbell, Lieut. R.A.M.C. 1 Coker. Seo.

Lieut. E. Surrey Regt. Harfot 'ii G. King's Own (Royal Lancaster Hathauay, Sec.

Lieut, T. King's Own (Royal Lancaster Hill, Capt L. East Yorkshire Regt. Keatnis, See. Lieut.

Cheshire Regt Stokes, Lieut. H. M.V.O., King's Own (Royal 1 Woodniartin Capt F. Suffolk Regt. Died of: Wounds.

Ozann, Caft.E. RyL Fusiliers. Wounded. Borrett, Major O. King' Own-R.

Lane. Caldwejl, Lieut K. F. RyL Field Artillery. Curtis, Lieut.

H. .0. King's RyL Rifle Corps. I Ginc, fee. Lieut East Vorkahire Begt wm.

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