The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 6

THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN, THURSDAY, JANUARY 21, 1915. 6T0P PEES8 NEWS rain and mist temperature above the flor- TttaT im 4-1-1 fftfononi- Cnw. j1nn I THE LIKELIHOOD OF FURTHER AIR RAIDS. of the the British Protectorate. It is reported that the success of these onerations has srreatlv damaged tho Mullah's influence and prestige, aim iiiud no is mamng overtures tor peace.

Promotions of the Dead. i In tho liiiir history of the "London Gazette" there has been a world of announce ments that brought tears to the readers, but in the present war the following, which appears to-night, is tho saddest: Conrs of Royal Engineers. The undermentioned captains to be majors Dated 30th October, 1914. L. St.

V. Hose (since killed in action). W. S. Douglas (since died of wounds).

R. Onimanney (since killed in action. L. J. N.

Neville (since died of wounds). The undermentioned lieutenants to be car-tains Bated. 30th October, 1914. A. E.

Collins (since killed in action). C. G. Moores (since died of II. M.

McKay (since killed in action). People who take an interest in cricket statistics will remember tlie name of Captain A. J. Collins very well, ior it was he who when a schoolboy at Clifton College, about fifteen years ago, made the highest score ever recorded 628 not out. This stupendous innings was spread over five days or, rather, five afternoons, but the scoring was really very fast, for Collins was only batting for ten minutes under seven hours.

Tho occa sion was a junior house match at the school. The Men of Brixham. Tho Admiralty have been more generous In their recognition of the Brixham trawlers' stout seamajiship on the wild night when H.M.S. Formidable went down off the Start than even west country folks dared to hope. Only those who know something of the sea can fully appreciate what risks the little Provident took in that storm to rescue those Formidable survivors, and what superb efficiency as well as cold courage the task demanded.

It was a sea forlorn hope. The skipper hazarded not only the lives of himself and his tiny crew but his tight, brown-sailed craft as well. The fishing villaee of Brixham, with its old coffin house," queer statue of William of Orange seasick on landing, the russet harbour, and winding alleys climbing between ramsnacKie cottages that stand on each other's heads in tho Italian fashion, has latterly attracted an artist colony, and threatens to suffer the fate of all simple places that are "popularised." But the Brixliani trawlers, unsophisticated democrats all, will take a lot of spoiling. They will take endless trouble to givo word of any big ship they "speak in their cruises to homes in Torbay that have sailormen aboard her. But offer them a coin for their tidings, and never again to that house.

A friendly drink would be different. They are much the same as a century ago, when the first policeman appeared in solemn dignity on the Brixham quay and they put him in one of the floating mooring buoys in the harbour. The womenfolk, gossiping and gazing seaward from the cliff steps Known as Ovcrgang, pick out and recognise my man when tho latter's smack is a homeward-bound speck on the horizon of the bay. fhey aro a robust race, those Brixliam trawlers, short, incredibly broad, with a fine top-booted eea roll in their walk. You meet them with their best shore clothes on and their deep-draught nines on Sunday afternoons in the lanes round Brixham.

They love blackberrying and nutting. Great must be the sensation in Brixham town this nicht. A trawler's cook and a cabin-boy with 50 apiece- in their old-fashioned frontal trouser pockets borne of those artist fellows have tho chance of their lives. Anti'Zeppelin Fashion. As an instance of tho spirit in which London is meeting the possibility of a Zeppelin raid 1 give the result of an inquiry by a woman correspondent among her acquaint ances.

Tho general expectation in this sec tion is that the emergency will have to be faced in the middle of the nitrht. an A a f. people must be prepared to meet the mid- nigut worm at a minute's notice. Nnno those questioned seemed to bo much alarmed at tho prospect of a raid, but they all ad- miDKKt with some surmise that, nnvnno should have had the same forethought that oeci nowadays they are always careful to Jiang a becoming cloak near at hand. Some of them had thought of silk scarves to throw over their heads.

An elderly lady recommended an emergency toupee. One and all were determined that in any case, whether they could or could not slip the at on in their flurry, at the very first alarm they would rush to tho nearest room with a view rather than to the cellar. The Yiddish Press. Thr ihn .1 (, iLroKe to one struggling London Yiddish daily, the but another has speedily arisen out of its ashes. The "Daily World," so its promoters say, is to be the largest Yiddish paper in Great Britain and the first to be printed on a rotary press.

Its contributors will include some of tho best pens on tho de- ui jucan to keep the flag of good writing flying. The Yiddish press of this country is outliving its reputation for personalities, and the days when its feuilletons were sensational novelettes aro past. A Yiddish paper can boast of having been tho first to introduce to readers in this countrv Anatole France's "Los Dieux ont Soif." The "Daily World" finds two rivals in the field tlie "Express," the oldest and most firmly established, a morning 'paper with a comely advertisement revenue, and tho "Zeit" an evening paper. The "Zeit" has a Socialist flavour and recruits tho younger men who combine with a weakness for advanced ideas a preference for better literature. Into the mysteries of the circulation of these Yiddish pa'pers it would be more prudent not to probe deep.

They sell pretty well, not only in London but in Manchester and Leeds. The Daily World," to judge from its first editorial, is heartily in accord with tho policy of the war, but carries tho logic of it a little further. It recalls that there is a scrap of paper which imposes on Roumania the duty of emancipating her Jews, and it expresses the hope that when the fate of the small nations is being settled England, the traditional friend of freedom, will not forget the Jewish people. NEW KNIGHT OF ST. PATRICK.

The King has been pleased to direct that the Earl of Bessborough be appointed a Knight of the Order of St. Patrick. PROLONGED MEETING OF THE CABINET. A Cabinet Council began at three o'clock yesterday afternoon and lasted over two hours. COLONEL SEELY RETURNS FROM THE FRONT.

The Exchange Teleeraph Company states that Colonel Seely, ex-ilinister for War, who has been on active service at the front, returned to London last evening. It will be remembered that the name of Colonel Seely hag been mentioned in connection with the vacancy in tho office of Chief Whip caused by the death of Mr. Percy Illingworth, and hia journey to London may not be altogether unconnected with the reorganisation of the Whips' department before the reassembling of Parliament on February 2. The Press Bureau has no objection to the publication of the foregoing, but takes no re sponsibility for the accuracy of the et at em-en t. offences were committed by airships, not by aeroplanes, and that there wcro at least two airships.

One of these appeared at Yarmouth about 8 30 in tho evening, and no more was heard of it on this side. This may bo the airship reported in Holland as coming from the east at 12 45, though if it is it seems to have gone back a great deal quicker than it came. The second airship appeared, or rather wis heard, nt Cromer about tho same time that the first one was at Yarmouth, and from Cromer it seems to have visited, on after the other, Shenngham, Beeston Regis, Hunstanton, banaringnam, finishing its abominable work about 10 45 at King's Lynn. Altogether four people were killed, two at Yarmouth and two at King's Lynn, and all four were civilians. The good people of the east coast now know more of tho German airships than most, ox our soldiers on the, Continent.

Only two airships have been reported as seen by the Jixpeai-tionary Force in the whole of its campaign; only five by tho whole of the Allied armies in east and west. The aircraft that gave our soldiers such trouble in the earlier part of the campaign by signalling their positions to the artillery were all aeroplanes. One airship appeared over Antwerp before the siege, and did a great deal of damage, but most of iho craft which were described as airships are believed to have been, aeroplanes. The airship has yet to prove its military usefulness, and tho only deeds that ifc has yet accomplished in the war are the destruction of some public property in Antwerp and of private houses in Yarmouth and King's Lynn and the killing of people who could have done the enemy no harm. The story of the Taid may bo incomplete as yet, but so far as it has yet boon told the trip was no more a military operation than the burglarious murders in the Ratcliff Highway so graphically described by De Quikcev in his famous essay.

Count ZiarpELiN was a favourite of the Court before the army or navy authorities thought anything of his invention, hut one did not expect fondness for the Court to carry the airship so far as to visit Sandringham. Berlin is said to bo jubilant over the success of the raid, but perhaps it will change its mind when it hears exactly what has been done. It is one thing to entertain the theory, as the German Staff ia believed to do, that it is legitimate to terrorise the people in order to induco them to bring pressure on the homo Government, and quite another thing to keep on carrying the theory into pTactico when its horriblo futility has become manifest. Xo one but a lunatic would suppose that such a raid as that on the east coast or on Antwerp would have any effect on public opinion except to stiffen it. At night the airship is blind.

It can have next to no idea where its bombs will fall. Even the miserable excuse that was pleaded for tho Scarborough raid, that the British. Army Book recorded a. battery of artillery stationed at Scarborough, is not available in respect of inland villages still less can it be supposed that it was hoped by the air raid to induce us to modify any of our naval or military dispositions. Putting legal quibbles on one side, it is evident that tho only motive for the raid was that of terrorising the civil population.

The motive, if it is to be admitted and, worse still, acted upon, would destroy the whole progress that has been made through the centuries in the decencies of war, and would amount to a flat denial of the distinction, for the purposes of war, between combatants and civilians, between men and women and children. The Misery of Poland. We published an appeal yesterday on behalf of the Poles who have been reduced to misery and starvation by the war, and we publish another to-day which urges that tho Jews should bo included in any relief which goes to Poland from this country. We should support both appeals. Tho misery of Belgium we know because it is near to us, but that of Poland, which must be at least as great as that of Belgium, is comparatively unknown, for Poland is far away, there are few to report what has been done there, and the fugitives do not come among us.

The war of huge armies has swayed to and fro across Poland ever since the beginning of October. In the first half of October about a million Germans and Austrians surged across tho country to the Vistula, and we- may assume that so ifar as possible they made up for lack of railways and good roads bv living on the country. In the latter part of the month and in early November their armies tramped back over Poland to their own frontier, laying waste the country as they went. In tho middle of November began the new movement by which the Germans eventu- ally forced their' way three-quarters of the distance back again, with stubborn fighting over a large part ot the ground. How utterly miserable must be the state both of the Poles who have fled from their homes and those who remain and suffer the extremities of war.

And there is reason to believe it is true that, as Dr. Salomon says, the Jews are the most wretched of them all, for thev have shared in the common misery and suffered also at the hands of the Poles themselves. Those, therefore, who answer the appeal for help wiTl wish to secure that the Jews no less than other nationalities shall have their share in it. An Exhibition of German Textile Goods. The Board of Trade proposes to hold an exhibition of textiles made in Germany and Austria, on January 2S and 29, and we understand tliat a resolution in support of it is to be moved at the Manchester Chamber of Commerce to-ilay.

The exhibition will consist in great part Ji cotton piece-goods supplied to our own home trade and to the various markets in which we are competitors, and the intention is, of course, to stimulate Lancashire shippers and manufacturers io look after their interests and those of the community. Perhaps they do not want anv stimulation, and we are certainly not going to attacK uie snrewaness ot our manufacturers or the enterprise of our merchants Probably the officials of the Board of Trade do not need to be told that an efficient ex porter may know more about his business than they do, but tho best men of business are the most open to ideas and impressions and we can believe that they have here a unique opportunity to see a comprehensive collection -Ln4 t. I 1 uijr ur aixeauy micresiea tnem in certainly be a strong tendency ifor trade to return to tho channels it had left, but it cannot do so completely, ami in some cases we shall have to make up for losses. It is not just a question of adding to our present trade the trade that Germany has dono with such markets as Italy and Russia; we must remember that Germany's buying power will be less after the war, and that wo must look for alternative markets to take the place of part olr what wo have been doing with a good customer fallen on evil times. Both manufacturers and shippers are interested in this.

and, though their functions aro different, they should both learn something from an exhibi tion which represents the capacities of so formidable a competitor. Perhaps it may seem a good deal to ask them to go up to London to look at a Ifew patterns and pieces of cloth, but there is always the extra in ducement that anybody who goes to London now will see it under historical conditions. There is much to be said for bringing the exhibition to Manchester, and wn fancy that if there was a spirited demand for it the Board of Trade would not stand in tho way. It would be a little outside their general scheme, which would have to be enlarged Jf it comprehended local exhibitions. OUR LONDON CORRESPONDENCE.

(by private wire.) London, Wednesday Night. The Air Raid. I am inclined to think that last night's air raid was entirely made by airships, but that probably they were mostly not of the Zeppelin type. In the Cuxhaven action the naval officers reported one at least of tho hostile airships to be a Schuttc-Lanz, which is a rigid airship of a typo considerably smaller than the Zeppelin and of much less carrying power, Possibly this typo more probably the Parseval type was employed. As everyone who has heard the one which we possess ourselves knows, these machines make a very con siderable noise.

On tho other hand, the amount of explosive which they carry is cer tainlv limited particularlv on long voyages. The moral of this episode, which is, of course, from the military point of view a very trivial one, is precisely the same as that of the Scar borough raid. Tho Germans do not hesitate to attack our coast, but they apparently do hesitate to approach any fortified place. So far as flying is concerned, Harwich is next door to Yarmouth. Thcro is an oil fuel depot there to which great damage might con ceivably bo done.

No attempt was made upon Harwich, any more than in tho battle- cruiser raid any attempt was made upon the Humber or Tyne. So that the only object of these sensational but negligible incidents must be to shake our nerves. One hopes the enemy is satisfied with the results he has achieved in that direction. The Changes in the Civil Service Commission. The reconstruction of the Civil Service Com mission does not, at first glance, make it stronger, and it is a little surprising, with such men presumably available as Lord Lore burn, who lias shown his sympathy with reform; Lord Bryce, who would bring to such a task a knowledge of the clean-cut dealings with precedents and vested interests that he has seen in tho American legal system or Lord MiLner, wiio would also liavo the drive and fresh outlook and detached attitude with witnesses necessary for this delicate work that a more striking appointment as chair man was not made.

The important point is that not only must sound recommendations be made, but they must be pressed into law The third and last section of the work of the commission, winch lias now to bo begun, is that dealing with legal appointments. Lord MacDonnell is thought to hart resigned as he is going to live most of tlie vear in Ireland. Sir Henry Primrose has his liands very full with Government work, including the Rail way Commission and various war organisa tions. Sir Kenneth Muir Mackenzie will bo one of the important members in this section of the labours of the Commission. Sir Henry Babincton Smith will brine to his task as chairman very wide experience of higher com mittee work in many parts or the world.

He is chiefly known to the public as Secretary to the Post Office from 1903 to 1909. Sir John Hewett and Sir John Kempo aro also Government officials and old committee liands. The Lawyers' Default. The lengthy and compendious judgment which tiie Lord Chief Justice delivered yester day in the Court of Appeal in regard to alien enemies and related questions emphasises in a striking fashion tho lack of machinery for the canvassing of such matters by legal opinion. Uie i-iaw Officers, suddenly con fronted with a situation of unexampled diffi culty by the outbreak of war, had hastily to improvise a whole series of bills which were rapidly passed through Parliament.

The in ovitable result is shown in tho judgment of the Court of Appeal. It passes the wit of any men, however able, to contrive to cover up all the loopholes which ingenuity might discover in improvised Acta of Parliament which, owing to circumstances beyond control, fail to receive adequate consideration by legislators. In a well-ordered community such questions as the status of tradinfr aliens in a state of war and the rights of neutrals on the high seas wouia be calmly discussed and advised upon as part of the ordinary pro cess ot the legal proiession. As things are Great Britain, the Bar is entirely without machinery for this purpose. Ihe only occasion when men "learned in the law" gather together is an annual assembly in an Inn of Court, when the presiding Law Officer offers a series ot amiable observations on nothing particular, interspersed with compliments to those before him.

Lord Haldane's eloquent appeal delivered ornfio oblitjua to the American Bar Association remains without response here, and the Bar of England is presumably content to drift on, ignoring the claims of the nation to its best assistance in the framing of new law. Crushing Defeat of the Mullah. I hear that reports have been received here to-day from Somaliland stating that the Mullah has suffered a crushing defeat. A large force of the friendly tribes, assisted by British levies, attacked a superior force of the Mullah's followers at Hunna, and succeeded in killing and wounding nearly a tnousana ot tnem, rjesiues capturing thou-sands of cattle, camels, and rifles. The Camel Corps, under the command of Colonel Cubitt, which occupied Boroa last month, also moved out against the Dervishes at Shimhebris, and after some severe fighting completely routed the enemy, killing and wounding several hun- areos ana.

capturing large quantities of cattle and firearms, besides destroying ail tho forts recently erected by the Mullah. The whole of the country in the neighbourhood of the fighting has now been abandoned bv him. The casualties of the Camel Corps are estimated at less than twenty killed and wounded, including Captain H. W. Symons, of the Yorkshire Light.

Infantry, Major A. S. Lawrence, of the 1st County of London Yeomanry, and an officer of the Dragoon Guards. Major Lawrence, who was only slightly wounded, is now dainsr well fc Rprbpr.i. Thn whole of the XorcevBgagcd have xetamed tol The Control of Capital.

When war broke out the Government were faced with a situation which demanded im mediate and drastic measures of interference with ordinary business relations. Their energetic action in taking over the railways and in establishing a moratorium and an emergency currency, for instance, has met with almost universal approval. Since that date, however, to meet dangers less immediately grave, various other measures have been taken -which are more open to criticism. The lotest of these is the announcement that in future subscriptions to new issues of capital will only be permissible with the sanction of the Treasury, and that, while this sanction will in general be refused to issues outside the British. Empire, it will only be given in the case of issues within the Empire in certain special circumstances.

Treasury sanction to dealings on the Stock Exchange in issues floated after January 4, 1915, had already been made compulsory, but it had not ptu viously been known that this power of veto would be exercised so drastically. The apparent effect will be, if the Treasury act up to their principles, to make the raising of capital by public subscription for ordinary commercial enterprises impossible. The purpose of tho Government is plain and well-intentioned. The annual cost of the war considerably exceeds the normal annual savings. This expenditure will have to be met in the main by money found in this country, and therefore, so the argument runs, every penny that cau be saved will bo needed for investment in tho next War Loan.

Money spent on increasing a firm's business capacity means so much less available for the next big issue of Government stock. If. therefore, such a firm is not directly engaged in producing munitions of war it should not be allowed to increase ita capital. It is a plausible theory and of ex cellent face value. Violent interference, however, with the ordinary working of industrial enterprise is always dangerous and apt to reach further in its effects than is either intended or desired.

In this particular instance it is probable that the action of the Treasury will actually tend to weaken the financial resources of the country. Industry as a whole has undergone during the war a severe dislocation. Almost every trade has had to adjust itself in some way to the new conditions. The redistribution of productive energy has, it is true, already made good progress, but much of what still remains to bo done will involve not only curtailment in one direction but a rapid extension in another. This is a movement which tho national interests require should be carried out as smoothly and rapidly as possible.

Drastic interference with the raising of new capital will in many cases be a completely effective check to it. What is the use of talk ing about ''business as usual" or the "capture of German trade" if tho most effective way of putting these precepts into practice is barred It is not as though money put into now enterprises were completely lost to the world. New capital issues not only provide wages and employment but, generally, dividends. Restrictions upon new issues will actually decrease the earning capacity of the country. A reduction in tho earnings of the country means a reduction in tho very fund out of which the war will ultimately have to be financed.

And what will be the moral effect of making an announcement which, whatever the Treasury may have intended and whatever the facts of the case may be, will suggest to those who do not know the facts that this country has already found herself unable to provide the money required for legitimate commercial enterprise? It is not our enemies only who may be deluded, but tho public at home. Is this the way to re store confidence, to encourage manufacturers to launch out on new lines, to revive credit? London lias hitherto been held to bo the financial centre of the world. Money could le raised more cheaply and more quickly there than anywhere else. Ifc is not for nothing that we shall drive some of her most profitable business elsewhere. These are tho obvious objections of the business man to a call upon his patriotism which he feels to be not only unnecessary but mischievous.

But the trouble goes deeper than that, and it is perhaps worth while to see what is the real meaning of the Treasury's announcement. Tho investor who nuts monev into a new industrial issue devotes it to tlie erection, let us say. of a new mill. If the Treasury refuse their sanc tion tins win lie impossible, and no is driven therefore either to spend the money or invest it. in some pre-existing issue of If lie does the former the Govern ment have gained nothing, for the money will be no more available for the purposes of a War Loan than if it had gone towards the erection of the mill.

Suppose, however, he buy-, pre-existing issue. Then the previous holder has possession of the money. What is lie to do with it? He, too, is debarred from putting it into the now mill, and he too is faced with the same alternative of either spending it or reinvesting in some other pre existing stock. And so the circle widens, until the money has either been 6pent or found its way out of the country. When that point has been leached the Government have not one penny more available for the purposes of their next War Loan.

In the long run the money which the Government have prevented from going towards the erection of the new mill must either have been sent abroad or spent on commodities which, unlike new mills or other plant, are called consumable goods. The money will be equally inaccessible to the Government whether it lias gone to China or been spent on the purchase of motor-cars. Of the two we would rather see new factories than more motor-cars. We would certainlv rather have the money here than in Timbuctoo From whatever point of view the intentions of the Treasury are regarded they are wrong. They inflict a definite, immediate, and obvious blow upon a form of enterprise which is not only legitimate but is now more than ever desirable.

They do that, and they do not succeed in saving money for the purposes of the next war JLioan. They not only fail to conserve the country's savings, but they actually diminish its earnings, from which alone the savings can be accumulated. The Air Raid. The account of the raid axe still contra an aeroplane pilot cannot nvn the ground to attack it, nml In silch a case, of course, those on tho airship from si nin- they are aiming at, though the they would lie able to find out whether they were actuallv nw, or not, because in calm u-inti- generally arises from the H' towns rather than from the "rinnir' sequcntly ono finds most of tin -modern- enough to indicate ono's the masses of fog, which greater height than a few cate tho positions of big ton us mh-1, and Manchester. In this bombs must be dropped ab.soitiii and there is just as much tailing into a pars or a reservoir of their hitting a honso tinrl ii tl i( in a cioseiy ouut area, the backyards cover more ground themselves, so that the odds are -against any given bomb hitting A Raid on Manchester Not Out i th Incidentally there is oiiite chance" of a raid bciim made on i because the distance from tho ship sheds at Wilhclmsliavcn or oV', from which the raids am mariA it.

nlimii i 1 uio Riime to London to Sheffield, and Manchester is v. further taken in a straight line. So far as one can rrather f. best new Zeppelins about te a generous estimate are stowed the iilbe, because apparently v' Diisseldorf and tho danger of keeping airship stations. Also, tho new mostly intended to operate with the f.

ngaiusi inc. ilrjiNM '1 the North Sea, for the Germans knn '-as wc do that they aro useless fr tions against, troops well aeroplanes. 1 11 In view ot the possibility ot )aiU northern nintiufacturing towns London, il mav hp nvll in ln, that fact that "if any shootin- rii, X'h tnmg tney can tio is to get ffi'ound floors anil slon tliore i --i- illuming into the street only means txpasiivr risks from falling bullets or brusi.l.h-u-i-i shells fired by nnr nivn mCn, and it k-that when various German aircraft (W Antwerp tar more people were killed lv mp. iny bullets in this wav iliun projectiles. A M.

ue wgne, a brother oi tlm Ligne, who was hit in tho throat vln-n stvi'l ing with his faee turned skyward watchiii" a German aeroplane. If a bomb does hit a hoii.se it will pmhuhlv explode in a top-floor room without penetrv' ing to the ground floor, and if it hits in street outside splinters of stone and so fo-tii will naturally fly upwards and mav damage through the windows of tho ftrr floor. So that on the whole the grniui-1 floor is a fairly safe place if there does happen to be a cellar. In any event, there is very little ir.r panic, because if the whole of the German air fleet -aeroplanes and airships togetlior did maimgo to get over a big without interruption, the whole lot- could hardlv earr? ns much ammunition as tho Germnn artillery have to pour into the average Froncli viJlagi before they can succeed in destroying it. DYESTUFFS SCHEME REDUCED.

MORE ADVANTAGES FOR SUBSCRIBERS OF CAPITAL. The Committee appointed by the users nf dyes held an adjourned meeting yesterday at the Board of Trade Offices in London to (insider tho position of the scheme for the. establishment of colour-making works on large scale, with the financial support of tho Government, in order that the supply of anilino dyes, which is now insufficient, mav be.increased at an early date, and that aft-i-tho war we shall be less dependent, or not dependent at all, upon German supplies. Tho Committee had beforo them tho result of tho appeal to traders concerned for subscriptions for tho proposed company, British Dyes, Limited, and for definite promises of orders. The response, as is well known, wa? not equal to the hopes of tho promoters of the scheme.

The official report of tho meeting states that, in view of the present attitude of their respective companies towards tho Committee's scheme, Mr. Lennox B. Lcc, of the Calico Printers' Association, and Mr.MiJton S. Sharp, of the Bradford Dyers' Association, withdrew from the Committee. Tlie remaining members of tho Committee wen; unanimously of opinion that the proposal of tho Bradford Dyers' Association, dated the 18th inst.

and published in the press, wern impracticable. Tho Committee will lo and will proceed immediately to tim preparation of a scheme on a modified financial scale, which, while not departing from the general lines originally laid down, will several respects be more advantageous to the subscribers to the proposed company. The members of the Committee, in addition to the two who have now retired, were H. W. Christie (United Turkev-rcd Company), Mr.

Charles Diamond (English Sewing Cotton Company), Mr. G. Marchetti (John Crossley and Sons), and Mr. R. D.

Pullar (J. Pullar and Snnal VWr mimhnnt nill now, as stated above, be increased. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION. RESIGNATIONS AND NEW APPOINTMENTS. Lord MacDonnell, Sir Kenath Muir Mackenzie, and Sir Henry Primrose have resigned their membership of the Koyal Commission on the Civil Service.

The King ha approved of the appointment of Sir Henry Babinotnn Smiih in he chairman of the Commission in tr ivirrf Mac Donnell, and of the following additional mem ors: nir Joan Hewett, Sir John Kempe, and Mr, Cecil Coward. Mr. E. W. II.

Millar Ima tvipn nnnointed secretary to tlie Commission -in place of a. aeniens, resigned, and all communications should be addreBMrl to him at 5. Old Palace Yard, London, S.W. Mb. J.

Wieham. The death occurred yesterday morning of Mr. John Withara, of Harrogate, head ot the firm of Messrs. Witham Brothers, cotton spinners and manufacturer), of Finale? Mill and Plumbe Street Shed, Bum- ley. Mr.

Witham who recently underwent to operation for appendicitis, -was 67 yeaTa of age. He took an active interiat in the. Victoria Hos By C. G. Grey, Editor At the present moment evidence as to whether the air raid on the east const was performed by airships or aeroplanes is very inconclusive.

The fact that certain people say the engines sounded like aeroplanes' en gines proves nothing, because, although tho big and powerful engines of the old Zeppelins made a corresponding amount of noise, on the newer machines they aro fitted with very effective silencers, and all one would hear on tho ground would be the churning of the gears and tho throb of the propellers, which would very probably sound much like the noise of an aeroplane. The time taken by the raider or raiders in getting from Yarmouth to Sherihgham and King's Lynn seems to indicate an airship of some sort, because there does not seem to have been much wind at the time, and therefore an aeroplane would scarcely take so long as two hours between 8 30 and 10 30 to cover the distance of 60 miles or so. On the other hand, the bomb which did not explode and was picked up at Shering-ham is stated to have a diameter of only about four inches, which is about tho size of an aeroplane bomb, whereas the one found at Yarmouth was big and seems to indicate an airship. Of course airships might carry small bombs, but as a general rule the airship bomb is a considerably bigger missile. If the raid was carried out by aeroplanes, one may fairly assume they -were seaplanes of some sort, and were sent off from a ship not very far from our coast, much in the same way that in our own raid on Cuxhaven our ships transported the seaplanes close to the German coast before despatching them.

The Raid's Chief Significance. The amount of damage done was certainly very small, especially in view of the fact that tho aircraft, of whatever sort, was obviously flying very low, and it ought to be a useful lesson to the people who have continually scoffed at the darkening of London, for had small places like Shcringham and King's Lvnn been in complete darkness it is very unlikely that the pilot of the aircraft would have seen them at all. Tho ehief interest in the raid really lies in tho fact that it is obviously a promise of moro to come, for if the raiders find Lhat they can come over and get away again with impunity, as the first lot have done and as our own raiders have done so far, except for the loss of one pilot at Friedrichhhafen, it is distinctly encouraging for those who follow. If it is the intention of the Germans to carry out a big raid by aeroplane, on London and the 'arious places along the Thames, tho probability is that they will come over in moonlight, so that they can at least have a chance of seeing what they are shooting at. If they should do so it also gives our fast, armed aeroplanes an opportunity of hitting back, though as a matter of fact the task of a pilot of a defensive aeroplane is by no means pleasant, because ho is quite as likely to be hit by our own guns as is tho pilot of the raiding machine.

In any case, raids by aeroplane can never do any very serious damage nor, for the matter of that, can raids by big airships, but of the two the airship raid is far moro worthy of consideration, chiefly because the airshiu has undoubtedly a much greater radius of action, and also because it can operate with some chance ot success in foggy weather, when THE EAST COAST BOMBARDMENT. A GOVERNMENT COMMITTEE OF INVESTIGATION. It is officially announced that the Government has set up a Committee to investigate the damage to persons and property sustained In the recent bombardment of the Hartlepools, Scarborough, and Whitby by German warships, with a view to affording orelief. from Imperial funds to tho persons affected. The Committee will consist of The Eight Hon.

Lord Parmoor, chairman. Mr. A. J. Ham, K.C.

Mr. "Robert Lewis, general manager of the Alliance Assurance Company, Limited. Mi. Aubrey T. Lawrence, 1, Essex Court, Temple, secretary.

All communications should be addressed to the secretary, at the above address. NATIONAL UNION OF WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE SOCIETIES. The position and future activities of the National union of Women's Suffrage Societies will be- announced at a public meeting in the Kingsway Hall, London, on February S. This meeting will be held in connection with the annual general council of the National Union. which is the first general council held since the outbreak of the war, and its first session will open on February 4.

The attitude of women demanding an' equal with men in the councils of the nation cannot but be of public interest at this crucial time, and since the National Union is by far the largest organisation demanding such equality in Great Britain, and is also democratically governed, particular interest attaches to this meeting. The results of the two days' deliberations will be announced. The speakers will include a famous French woman lawyer, Mme. Verone. Mrs.

Fawcett will take fh chair. THREE NEW RECORDERS. The King, on the recommendation of the Home Secretary, has made the followine an- pointmentB Mr. Samuel Henry Emanuel to be of Winchester, in place of the late Mt. a.

A a Garland. Mr. George Blaiklock to be Recorder of Grantham, in place of Mr. T. S.

has resigned on the ground of ill-health. Mr. Paul Ernest Sandlands to be Eecorder of Newark, in place of the late Mr. W. J.

Noble K.O. Mr. Emanuel was called to the ftr in IflAA and has practised on the Western Circuit. Mr. -BlaiKloclc, who was called in 1895, and has -practised on the Midland Ci mint etnrfa life under very disadvantageous circumstances.

He wat born in a small tenement house iii Bethnal Green. For many years he devoted himself to temperance work, and there is hardly a town "in England he has not visited in connection With that wnrlr. On thrAA naniT, he contested Hammersmith as a Liberal. Mr. Sandlands.

who also baa nraetined an iho Midland Circuit, was called) in 1900. THE KING AND MR. CHURCHILL. The "Court Circular" bitR that" Mr. Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty, had an audience of the King: yesterday.

The New York correspondent of the Manchester Guardian" and the "Daily Telegraph" cables that American banking interests expect to-'beiient corwiderably by the action of tho British Government in forbiddinu hew -capital issued outside the) British-Empire. BAXEN DALES INVALID CARRYING CHAIRS. MILLER BTREET, MANCHESTER. TTNTIL THE END OF JANUARY the Winter Sale at Robinson and Cleaver's, the Linen Hall, Regent Street, London, will bo continued. Bargains to please everyone are.

there in abundance. The Sale provides a rare opportunity of obtaining the Finest White Goods of every description at the Minimum Price. Further price reductions are being constantly made. Some of the most recent of these will be announced in tho Manchester Guardian next Monday. Watch for it TO-DAY'S PAPER.

Leaders THE CONTROL OF CAPITAL The Air Raid The Misery of An Exhibition of German Textile Illustrations The Air Raid on the East Coast 5 New Novels Special Articles The Other Continent 32 In What has the Church Failed? (by Artifex) 12 The Free Churches Congregationalism at Work in Manchester 12 The War The Air Raid 7 Reports from the Attacked Towns 1 Rejoicings in Germany 7 Latest Official News from Paris The Russian Front 8 Koumania and an Austrian Concentration 8 Manchester and Saliord Recruiting: Scottish Regiments Still Doing Well 4- Relief Fund: How the Money is being spent 4 How Many Guardians i The Argument for a Sixty Board 4 Women and War: Society for Women's Suffrage 4 General Secrets of the Censor's Office: Charge Against a Letter Examiner 3 Lancashire Chancery Court 3 The Slingsby Legitimacy Suit 5 Murder Charge Against a Blackpool solicitor 12 Commercial Decision on Dyestuffs Question: Scheme Reduced and Altered 9 British Pottery Fair 9 Money Market 0 Stock Markets 10 Manchester Market Liverpool Cotton Market American Cotton Markets 9 American Produce Markets 9 American Stock Markets 9 Manchester Shipping Mail News Public Companies 4 Correspondence The Dyestuff Scheme 'Mr. C. Diamond) 9 The Objects of the War 3 Polish Relief 'Rev. B. Salomon) 3 A Warning to Syrians 3 INDEX.

TO CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS Pge. Public 1 rtielxt Concert 1 Loacfi and 1 Fashinni 1 Education 1 Shipping 1 Sal by Auction 1 hotiis and Boardicj 1 Pnptracts 1 Pag. Financial 2 Partnerships 2 Apartments To be lt and Wanted 2 Frmi To be Iet and Wonted 1 Sa by Private Contract 3 Marriages, and Deaths 12 THE GUARDIAN. MANCHESTER, THURSDAY. JANUARY 21, 1915.

SUMMARY OF NEWS. The Zeppelin Raid. Fuller news of the East Anglian Zeppelin raid shows that two or three enemy ships were engaged, ine victims numDer two killed at King Lynn and two at Yarmouth, and about 50 injured. In Germany the affair has aroused wild enthusiasm. Unchanged Battle Fronts.

Little chanons nn th iroetpu f.Ani num. Jll the eastern line the Russian and Austro-Ger- itian armies do not move, except on the southern flank, where the systematic Russian occupation of Bukowina proceeds. Dyestutis Scheme Cut Down. The Committee appointed by the users of eyes nan oeiote tnem yestcrdav the response to the circular inviting support of a great British colour-making company. The representatives of the Calico Printers' Association and the Bradford Dyers' Association withdrew from the Committee.

The other members decided to prepare a scheme on a modified financial scale and go on with it This will not depart from the general lines 'originally laid down, but will be more advantageous to those who provide the capital required. India and Lancashire Cotton Goods. A Blue-book on the trade of India issued yesterday contains an interesting review of tie trade in Lancashire cotton goods. iTo-day's Weather. 'f Changeable, fair to dull and damp, some dictory, but there seems no doubt fUt ifcescme- of ita-details.

After tho war there will pital, Burnley, for which he provided operating tbcatrt a cost of 1,000 some ye sgoi -J. Mr. W. W. Berry has been" appointed a og tfco Development Commission, (- 1.