The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 10

10 THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN. THURSDAY. FEBRUARY 6,, 1919. AT HOME. LABOUR UNREST.

THE CONTINUED IMPRISONMENT C0. S. 4 By 'Aftlfex. No one who troubles to' keep himself in touch with the trend of publio opinion in the country can possibly deny that the present condition and treatment of conscientious objectors, still kept in prison and still subject to repeated court-martiallmg and repeated is Icausing grave uneasiness to many people who do not at oil share the views of the men in prison. Personally, as I have more than once stated iu this column, I do not myself share those views.

I can understand and sympathise with the view of the man who refuses under any cor.dkions to take life, though I do not myself take that position, and should not have hesitated, if. I had been of military age, to have undertaken combative service. But I can neither understand nor sympathise with the position of the absolutist who in a crisis in the life of his nation and" of the world refuses to undertake any alternative service. But no individual opinions of. mine or of else can alter the fact that absolute unconditional exemption is promised by Parliament to men who could establish their conscientious objection to war.

And that exemption has not been granted. And those who have been sent to prison have, in defiance of every principle of British justice, been punished again and again for one single offence. No doubt it is possible by a legal quibble to make out that the punishments are not for a.single offence but for the repetition of au offence. But such a quibble, especially where men's lives are at stake, is beneath contempt. And so the demand for a wise' and statesmanlike settlement of the whole wretched business" is growing in strength and in volume daily.

It is urged by some who defend the official refusal to release the men now in prison that along with men truly conscientious, even if in the popular estimate wrong-headed, there are men who are not in any sense conscientious, but are sheltering themselves behind the excuse of religious scruples. It is, of course, impossible dogmatically to deny that among a good number of hundreds of men there may be one or more such impostors. But it is very hard to believe that there can be 'inany. I have known personally several whom I believe not to have been sincere in their objections two, at least, whom I know not to have been. But all these men found it comparatively easv to secure alternative work which they readily accepted.

Why should a man, for any reason than that of a true conscientious scruple, endure what the imprisoned men have endured There is no answer to that question. But even if one were sure that among the a in prison there was a fair proportion of impostors it would still be no reason for torturing genuine men. It is a well-known principle of British justice that it is better that guilty men should escape than that innocent men should suffer wrongfully. And the inability of the law to determine with absolute certainty between a genuine man and an impostor is no excuse for the continued imprisonment of many men whose bona fides no sane person doubts and who have given sunh proofs of their genuineness as should convince the most sceptical. But it is not the injustice to the individual moves me most.

It is a hard saying, and I hope no one will misunderstand me when I say it, that if it were only a question of some scores or hundreds of men being martyred for their convictions I should think much less of the matter than I do. They would not be the first, and are not likely to be the last, who suffer in such a way. What moves me most is not the injustice which is being done to the individual but the harm done to the whole body politic. At a time when the influence of vital religion in the nation is at once most needed and apparently, at its lowest ebb, thoughtful men see grave injustice being done to men who are righting for conscience, and see the churches, which should regard the protection of conscientious beliefs as the first of their duties', almost utterly indifferent. At a time when respect for law is deplorably weakened by a thousand things, such men see law defied (for I repeat that most of the men in prison are men to whom total exemption ought to have been granted) and justice outraged.

I do not say that I think, I unhesitatingly eay that I know, that this is having a widespread effect for evil. What is the good of drenching three continents with blood in the name of liberty and justice if these things are sacrificed to prejudice and popular olamour at home? Some people, pretend that the release of a few hundred C.O.'s would be unjust to the men still not demobilised from our fighting- forces. If I may judge of the attitude of, the private soldier irom tnat or tnose J. nave tamed to they are the last men who wish the C.O.'s to remain in prison. But in any case the effect on the labour market of the release of all the men now in prison would be negligible.

They should bo released at once, without another day's delay. ABROAD. The death is announced from Madrid, of Senor Calbeton, Spanish Minister of Finance. Six hundred and two deaths were reported in Bombay on January 22, and of these 382 were due to cholera. The SpaniBh Senate has noted the first reading' of the bill for a direct railway from the French frontier to Algeciras.

The first Royal Mail Steam Packet passenger liner to resume calling at Vigo after the war was the Deseado, on January 14, from South America. According to a message from Longwy, received in Paris, an explosion has occurred in a munitions depot near the Belgian frontier. Two Frenchmen and nineteen German prisoners were killed. The Geneva correspondent of the "Matin" telegraphs that the British authorities at Cologne have-suspended for ten days the publication of the Kolner Tageblatt," as well as that of the Enlnische Zeitung." The Belgian Government from yesterday assumes charge of the running of the whole Belgian State railway system. All the lines at present run by the British, French, and United States armies will be rim by a Belgian civilian personnel.

Sir Frederick Pollock has received a telegram from 'his son Mr. John Pollock, who has been administering relief to refugees from Polish lands in Russia since the -spring of i XVo, auuuuucmg ma eaie arrival in inland after escape from Bolshevik arrest. WEATHER FORECAST. The Meteorological Office issue the following forecasts for the 24 hours ending at 'midnight to-night: England S.E. and E.

ndEastnMUlland.TJ,ight-Talah7 winds, then moderate or fresh 'from dull, with ilea rain later misty attest. Improving-; cold, then milder. Western jaicuanas, a. Jtngiana. ana bouth rate or reab W.

winds, strong at times in exsoaed places MMM.mtl.1 North Wale, sngiana and N.E.. and Vu4h. mi mlaty A COUNTRY DIARY. I am always glad' I have safely finished the washing the fruit trees with caustic soda; it is such dangerous When measuring out the powder Cllbrto four gallons of, water) one's eyes and throat smart, and later, when spraying.with a fine. nozzle, one has to be care-ful not to get.

the wrong side of the wind. I chose what seemed a1' perfectly stuT day, but he very fine- spray was sensitive to tiresome little veering gusts, and I. was glad I was -wearuiit glasses and gloves. Butwhat a satisfaction see the. result had just put in some young fruit trees, well grown and likely, but decidedly dirty Now-the moss is entirely and in time this i batch of trees will have bark as bright and' cfeah as those Which have been cared-or every-year in the little -plot.

It was'a pleasure: to pyramids, close pruned, are. betcforVatinyi patch. The; fiolesjare.dug deept enougnVjnst to cover vthe topmostrcots andwid'e enough" to Bpread. all the ro.tiwrqugnly. We.doTnot and only when-wehaye a goodpr iittln baiic 'slaff when planting nA given a' mulch of werot stable: Moonrlaaa.

UTb-iaorrow 45 01 II aCm. i Tor everv tn'mlleslaortt orManchSsteT atnuetto eariier IB. loosen we. auu. un, ucmwvw? want to courage tUl in w'g inr rtbbine 'lt'weUamomt tbe'nitKr jjni.wap very poor and Mill! 1 I IU I 1 11 IIIIIIM WILLIAM MICHAEL ROSSETTI.

Mr. William Michael Rossetti, brother of Dante Gabriel Rossetti and author of numerous volumes on the latter 'a life and works, died yesterday in his ninetieth year, William Michael Rossetti was the third of the four distinguished children of Gabriele Rossetti, the Italian poet, scholar, and. revolutionist, whose name is still honourably 'remembered by his countrymen in the Abruzzi. The elder Rossetti, settling as an exile- in Xbndon in 1825, married next vear the daughter of Jaetano Polidori. Four children were speedily born to them Maria, authoress of "A Shadow of Dante," in 1827; Dante Gabriel, the poet-painter, in 1828 William, on September 25, 1829; and Christina, the poetess, in 1830.

William Rossetti was educated with his brother at a private school in Portlund Placo and at King's College' School, London, where his father taught Italian, At fifteen he became a clerk in the Excise, and rose to be Assistant Secretary of inland Revenue in 18G9, retiring under the age-limit in 1894. But the Civil Service did not absorb all his energies. He was only known to the world as a critic of literature and art, and especially as the biographer of his famous brother and his fellow-pre-Raphaclites. William Rossetti was himself oue of the original seven members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood," formed in 1848. As the only member who did not paint for F.

G. Stephens was at the time an Academy student, William was required to act as secretary and chronicler, to the little band of young enthusiasts, and his diary, published in 1900, is a prime source of information concerning their affairs. He naturally became the editor of the "Germ," the shortlived but famous organ of the movement, of which four numbers appeared in January-April, 1850. To this he contributed a review of dough's "Bothie" and several sonnets, for sonnet-writing came as naturally to him as to his brother and sisters and father." After the Germ was discontinued, having entailed a loss of 33, William' Rossetti began to write on art in the "Critic," and, later in the year 1850, for the "Spectator." The influence which he thus commanded was invaluable to the R. which received little but abuse from most of the art critics of the day.

William Rossetti was closely associated with his brother throughout his career, and the correspondence between them, a large part of which has been published, is attractive reading. Since Dante Rossetti died in 1882. it. had bean bis chief task to collect and edit these letters and to describe the life of the great painter and the nature and progress of hia works. His memoir, 'prefixed to Dante Gabriel Rossetti Letters and Memoir" of 1895, was the first complete and authoritative biography that uau appeared, ae had already published in 1889 a volume of notes on "Dante Gabriel Kossetti as Designer and Writer," and he afterwards published two more volumes of JLtossetti correspondence, the volume of diaries, already named, and a translation of nis iatner's versihed autobiography.

Besides his familv memories and his art criticism, William Rossetti, wrote much poetry aim many critical essays on other poets. Dante Rossetti took the liveliest interest in his brother's verse-writing and in an early letter humorously expresses his envy of William's facility, since he liad boasted of producing a hundred lines a day. William published a poem of modern life in blank verse, called "Mrs. Holmes Grey," in 1869, and in 1881 he began to write a series of Democratic Sonnets on Garibaldi, Mazzini, the Transvaal, and similar topics It is curious to find that Dante Rossetti, himself the most unconventional of men, was mildly wise enough to see that a Government official would do himself, harm by publishing sonnets on "Tyrannicide" and "Fenians" and "other incendiary subjects." He urged his brother firmly but delicately to suppress these verses, which might be misinterpreted and lead to his dismissal from his office. In the end William abandoned his project, but published two of the sonnets later in his Rossetti correspondence of 1895.

The episode worth mentioning because it illustrates the characters of the brothers in an unexpected way. The two published sonnets are harmless enough. William Rossetti says that he never supposed himself "to be authentically a poet' which was sound self-criticism. The literary and artistic tastes which were inbred in his 'distinguished family did not develop into, genius "in the case of William Rossetti, but made him a pleasant and well-informed writer on the subjects which interested him. He was an earnest Liberal in the broad sense, though he took no very active part in politics.

He married, in 1874, Lucy, elder daughter of his old friend Ford Madox-Brown, and herself a talented artist and author. She died in 1894, leaving four children. William Rossetti 's face' is familiar to those who knew Millais's early pre-Raphaelite picture of "Lorenzo and Isabella," now at Liverpool. He was the model for the Lorenzo, and, though the artist turned his black hair into gold, the head was regarded as a faithful likeness. FOR ST.

ANDREWS UNIVERSITY. OFFER OF GRADUATION HALL (From a Correspondent.) Si. ANDSEWS, At a meeting oi tne University Court of Sty Andrews University held to-day the PrincipaJfj Sir Joan Herkless, who presided, reported that he had received from Mr. James Younger, LL.D., of Mount Melville, an offer of a gift of 30,000 by Dr. and Mrs.

Younger r-p tion of a quincentenary memorial uLi ot. Andrews, to be used for graduation ceremonials, the site to be. fixed later. The Court agreed to accept with gratitude the gift offered by Dr. and Mrs.

Younger. It was also reported that by the will of the late Mrs. Purdie, widow of Emeritus Professor Purdie, formerly Professor of Chemistry in -the University, the residue of Mrs. Purdie's estate is bequeathed to the University. The amount of the residue is expected to be about 25,000.

The money is to be held by the University as a capital fund for the promotion of chemical research in the new chemical buildings in the United St. Andrews, and is to be devoted to post-graduate scholarships, equipment and apparatus, The benefit does not extend to the ordinary courses in chemistry for The University Court agreed to accept the bequest on the conditions menKnn th. will. alreadv holds an endowment fnnf uttnnn uienwonea mat the University gifted to the University for chemical research by Professor Pnrdie in his own lifetime The Principal ad a letter he had received from Mr. George Bonar, Dundee, offering to the University a gift, of 25,000 for the purpose of teaching within the Univeraiiv 'at University College, Dundee, for a degree in commerce, provided that the University proceeds promptly to: institute such a Certain conditions attached the gift were stated.

Among others it was stipulated that the Dundee Chamber-of Commerce certificate be accepted iii Tien of the University arts prelixnihnv examination: in iba case whoare proceeding: to thecbinmeioe Court aereed to 'accent Mr. Ttonnr'a oitti and to express their recognition of hia gener- utmost to secure the' recognition by tb Jtrance Board-of the Scottish Universities, of certificate of the Chamber of Commerce in lieu of the prelunmary 'examirifttion. -r y-- TJw FoojintroUerv is xelaxuigas from the 27th anements with i the trade wSSreby: price of csxtrio'-wa. nxecV? and iipnronaseTs were iimitea RONNIE. i Bonnie is dead hen we ail come back frem the war I shall, I hope, meet at the nappy reunions that will bo celebrated someone who will speak with hia charming voice and have still something left of his old manner! Wo shall even address this someone aa Ronnie, and many- will be under the delusion that it is he but I shall not be deceived.

Ronnio is dead. The versatile and volatile race to which he belonged rushed early to arms, eager to try a new vent for their restless Attic quality and in the furnace all the old trappings and bedizenments liave been burned away. Something fine, no doubt, ftonietliing noble and durable wiU come out but it will not be Ronnie. The war has killed Him. It was during oue of my visits to Blackford's "Latin "Quarter" a flub that was the meeting-place of many calculated eccentricities and a happy field for bourgeois daring that' first met Ronnie.

"Someone had been reading paper about Gerard dr? Nerval's lobster, and when discussion fciis invited a youth I had not seen clearly, for he was sitting in a shaded corner r.f the dimly-lighted, smoke-filled room. roesC to hi? feet. Ho was as slender as a larch, nnd his thin, fair face watt crowned with an unkempt shock of tawny hair. His soft collar, displaying plenty of throat, was cut in a manner which was rather a-n afTecLaiion of Myron's. But it was the silver beauty oi; his voice that captivated me.

I hardly grasped at the time what he was talking about I vas always under thia difficulty in the "Latin Quarter, "--and certainly I "do not remember but I know it was said in one of those rare voices that may be listened to for the joy of listening. When formal discussion was done and the members had scattered into chattering groups over coffee and biscuits Mr. Precious, who had brought me to the club, "Let me introduce you to Ronnie Ormerod. You're sure to "find him amusing." The introduction was made, and Mr. Precious left us together.

Ronnie's first words were rather startling: "Are any of your friends in gaol?" He seemed to anxious' that they should be, and awaited my reply so earnestly that it was with genuine sorrow I said" that not one could claim the distinction. "Another of mine went this morning," said Ronnie darkly. "That makes three, and one of them is thinking of suicide." He looked desperate. "Ah, the swine 1 If thev allow her to starve It was then I gathered that his friends were suffragists. "I hope you're a militant," he said.

But by suddenly breaking away altogether from the subject he spared ine the humiliation of having to answer that my attitude was undetermined. He said: "i had a ripping idea this evening? Why not abolish the hard collar and cuffs with evening dress? Conventionality should be attacked wherever it is found merely because it is conventionality. It is one "of those monsters that should be killed at sight. Now, why not an evening hlurt all of white silk, collar and cuffs limp, and a loosely-tied black bow? Could anything look better?" I said I thought the audacity of this scheme was indeed splendid, and Ronnie went on to discuss the harshness of the colours in William Strang's paintings, whose literary parallel, he said, was found in Strindberg's-plays. "Violent but vital.

Harsh but full of dynamic. They are the stuff to cure our literary 1 ventured fgr the first time to disagree, saying I thought the Strindberg urore had been enormously overdone, and that it showed how the latest craze could always lead British criticism hopelessly astrav. What have you read of Strindberg's?" he asked. Red 'The-Growth of a Soul He cut rue short. It was his eager and annoying habit to break up most of one's sentences.

He bore in now with an earnest ulogium of that most squalid and depressing book The Red Room." But the very fact that I had disagreed gave me my value to Ronnie. He liked sharpening his wits against opposition. In the next half-hour he talked about the farce of the Royal Academy, the endowment of motherhood, tho necessity for co-education and a pure milk supplv, and the desirability of repertory theatres and trade guilds. As Mr. Precious and I walked home he asked me what I thought of Ronnie.

"He seems to me," I said, "to be like nothing so much as a keen and eager greyhound coursing innumerable hares but never gunning one down." Good," sakl the old man rou've got him. A greyhound, but, by heaven, a thoroughbred." I got to know Ronnie very well after that. He took up my challenge 'and lectured on Strindberg to the local playgoers chiefly unemployed young women who were very "keen on lectures by distinguished actors or fine young unconventionalists like Ronnie, but whose active support went more strongly to musical comedy than to languishing repertory work. Ronnie's lecture almost converted me to his own views about Strindberg; and it was but a taste of his quality. He was an indefatigable lecturer and" talker, and was to be seen on a dozen platforms a month.

He would address Young Liberals to-nieht and Fabians to-morrow, and lecture on cham ber music, with illustrations, the night after that. Ho was 1 in the innermost councils of every clique and coterie of cranks and faddists, and still hadtime to sparo for the championship of many sound causes. The versatility of his 'curiosity was indeed astonishing the very diversity of his efforts prevented his becoming hopelessly crystallised into any particular form of folly. Here, there, and everywhere his tawny head and superb voice were to be found, as he warned, counselled, exhorted, and instructed. He was one of the notable-figuree of our streets that head always bare, and that lithe.

0d- ing form would 'have graced an Athenian thorough! are. When the war came he spent a fiery month. I suspect that he had known little enough before- of Treitschke, Nietassche, and but he soon had them all in platform order, and waged a stern crusade against the force that sought to contract all life and expression within the hard confines of a material conception. It was as I Intoned to him raging; on every available forum that' Sonnie real nneness was clear to me. This was indeed to him a fight not against flesh and blood.

He had never been, mom earnest; that voice had never betrayed a deeper apprenension or- evu tnreatening' vital thinp-s. I have never seen him in khaki 1 cannot imagine him in Knara. cannot imagine him in the slime of a trench, though see him clearly enough reading Sonsard bv No Man's Land. I know he has saved life under nre: was tne tnoroughbred in him that did that. The rest is sorelv bv burned away.

When he comes back there will no more be need for. his-friends to go to prison or to think of suicide in the cause of women's And' there will not be many unempioyea young women left to listen to his lectures on Strindberg. and applaud his mere cleverness. I do not think he will look for tben. The prince talkers will discovered the virtue of action, and many of the he championed wSl doubtless seem very small.

I am sure he will turn useful work. There wiU be plenty for the epercise of even the most, thoroughbred of his les. a. U. a.

fan outbreak of influenza has seven eMnentaxy day scnools Wican to be closed i far a fortnight, on the instructions of Dr. Fred ts. wynne, tne meaicai omcer or jxeaiEH. EXPRESS EDITION MONARCHIST: CAUSE IN PORTUGAL. A PLEBISCITE SUGGESTED.

Madrid, TiJEsnAT. The following note of a conversation today with a confidant of Dom Manoel, contains the first authentic information I have been able to secure concerning the' Monarchist position in, Portugal. The position of my infcimant, who has just arrived from. Oporto, invests nis information with additional" importance, although it widely at variance with the news obtainable from Government sources. He reports that the whole of the northern part of the country, as far as the River Yougi, including the richest provinces and the majority of the population, is entirely with the Monarchist cause.

The restoration is anxiously desired by all classes, but the cause is handicapped by the -absence of the King, who, contrary to reports, has made no sign bevond teleeranhin for details. Two long sunt to Richmond never reached King Manoel at all, whose only information, according to my informant, has hitherto been derived from the press. Although provisions axe plentiful, the Royalist cause is foredoomed as the arsenals are in the hands of the Government. My informant assures me, however, that negotiations are now in. progress to induce the Powers to recognise ia Kmralista act hrf liferents, and that with such recognition their cause would be in a verv different position.

Great efforts are being made to enlist the sympathy of England and Spain in inducing the Government to take a plebiscite of the whole country, so avoidm further bloodshed. The Monarchists are confident of an over whelming majority, but realise the uselessness vot approaching the Government with, this pro tiosal without external support; Senator Magalhaes, representing the Monarchist Gov ernnient in which Ihe is Foreign Minister, is now visiting Spain with this object, but he has renounced the further iournev to London owing to the difficulties of travel. The scarcity of arms and munitions is alleged to be the only reason why the Monarchists have not already triumphed. Times Telegram, per Press Association. FREEDOM OF THE SEAS.

MR. LANSING'S STATEMENT. Pakis, Weonesdat. It. is practically certain that Mr.

Lloyd George ill leave for at the end of the week, and he will probably not be back for a fortnight or three weeks. President Wilson is expected to sail from Brest on the 15th or 17th inst. Mr. Lansing, the United States Secretary of State, in conversation with British journalists to-day, said he hoped the committee engaged on the League of Nations would have completed the draft constitution before the President -left. Asked what course he thought the Powers should take towards Germany during the next few -years, Mr.

Lansing said we nad got to live with Germanv. a nation of seventy millions. and if we wanted to keep her in a state of unrest and to encourage revolution and violence the right way was to keep her people in a state or misery ana oppression. as to a possible return of Germany to the old regime, he believed the old reeime was dead under ground in a lead coffin with cement over it which had hardened." In raply to a question whether the problem of tne ireedom of tne seas would oe settled bv the' Conference or the League of Nations. he said he 'believed the question would be handled by the League of Nations Committee of the Conference.

The Commission on Separation at present is endeavouring to reach a working arrangement by which no nation will delay the proceedings by making that cannot possibly be met and that would place more nations in a disadvantageous position, and I am assured by a member of the Commission that he was astonished, by the strong spirit of comradeship prevailing1 in. a Commission which, might be expected to give rise to national demands rather than international co-operation. Reuter. PRESIDENT WILSON AND U.S. NAVAL PROGRAMME.

Washington, Wkdkebsax. President Wilson has cabled to Mr. Padgett, Chairman of the House of Bepreeentatives, expressing- liia gratitude and congratulations on the Committee's unanimous report on the three-year naval programme- vReuJer. U.S. AND BRITISH IMPORT RESTRICTIONS.

SENATE DISCUSSION. Washington, Wednesday. The new British import restrictions as affecting American industry were discussed in the Senate to-day. Mr. Weeks (Benublican).

who introduced resolution in the Senate yesterday asking the State Department to inform -the- Senate whether any steps had been taken regarding iuuiuuuiuu iu uw iwuiuuuus, atua-ne. recognised that the embaxso was not aimed at tha United States. He added that the time has come when we must'-give attention to our own aomestic an airs and protect our own com. merce. Mr.

Lewis approved Mr. Weeks's resolution, and declared that British, action may lead to retaliatory legislation and 'trade hostility. He insisted that the restrictions violated the third of President Wilson's points against the economic oarneis. iteuter. AMERICAN COPPER TROUBLES.

Washington, Wednesday. Alter conferrinR with" officials of tha Dennrt. merit of Labour the representatives the workers in the copper mines' of xUtah. Arizona, Montana adopted a resolution appealing to Congress for legislation' extending lerui crcuiia vu luxeigu countries ior. tne oi iue copper uiaritev, ana aemana mar.

in addition. Vtbit the' War amfl Nawv Tti. partments ehorildwithhold their stock' of rrom; ine market. 'Xe opartment-of Labour estimates- the accumulation jof1 copper at 'the mills 'andsmelters' as la result'- of the sudden termination ithear; at one wnfchuwaiBrbrodtieed" on waare a3.coinarediwiththepreKntmarket quoiauon oi oc. per 10.

xeuier. TODAY'S fa ifanbafBsxitav Midland Hotel Industrial Council for the Building POLICE UNION AmLIATEto ibqur PAfem The National of and Police Officer fcaQ.applied party, and hut'heen accepted bye 'Exectrttve. At rCr0veninienVs. reqn Sir Ronald Munrc-Iergusbh fcbmtM to Jtb -tt jongaaion-i ua vena oooev as uoTernor: tineratHAnsiacaa-un meats Junior Ixn-dTrasuryifijfeaa Mr. James- Hope, xjj res jrouBcu-nx; oe 1 onormed ithe tjioj.diplMa ar.iu-, xreaaaner Sanders S5t-'fJ avuxiiiHiL in iBcuerauin 'iio-; unuuu A WORKING WOMAN'S POINT OF VIEW.

Our readers will, we think, be interested in the article printed below on the causes of the present industrial unrest. We have made inquiry, and have ascertained that the writer, Miss Green, of Netherton, near Huddersfield, a working woman who supports herself by dressmaking and tailoring. A leading article on "'Labour Unrest" in the "Manchester Guardian" has set me wondering whether I could not give some enlightenment on the subject. I feel very diffident though, as I am only a working woman, and not by anymeans used to writing; but perhaps as one who has been for so many year inarticulate myself, I have more knowledge of the inarticulate mass of labour than the labour leaders who are Taised now aboyo ihe dreary round of toil. I know that such men, like the captains of industry also, may well say that they work harder and longer than most workers.

Granted, but that work is diverse and with the added sweetness of power so dear to mankind. Personally, I do not think the majority of workers do know quite what they want, or how to get it. or else they aTe afraid to state their real wishes lest they should be thought too enormous; but I should say that deep down iu the hearts of most workers, and especially soldiers, there is. a dim, subconscious feeling that practically all industries should belong to the pe ople. to be controlled by them and for their benefit, and not for a section of the said people.

Vaguely they wonder why that dear land for which out citken soldiers offered themselves to the death, or, worse, the living death of a maimed life, should possess none of her great industries, but allow the said industries to be run by a small part of the people to make wealth foT them and not comfort for the many. At the election the majority of the workers voted against Labour candidates because they were afraid, they would be too kind to Germany and undo the security we had gained, and also because they were led away by the specious promises of the other candidates as to the social millennium they would bring. One woman I know actually voted for the Coalition candidate because she believed he meant to nationalise the land. Now we are told that a simple thing like railway nationalisation cannot be carried through; nay, worse still, the splendid array of factories, ships, and shipyards, built with the toil and self-denial of millions of workers, aTe to be handed over to the class we despise. Tricked at the election faced with unemployment iu what should be the most joyous time of all, peace; with leaders who do not lead because, apparently, they are afraid to be called Bolsheviks; suspicious of every move of their bosses; resentful that those who toil not can have all the sweetness of life while telling them to -tighten their belts," the workers, in a yet blind rage against social injustice, feel they must strike if only to assert that they have some power, even if that power, like Samson's, may bring the social edifice in ruins around them.

Even then I should say there is some dim subconscious hope that out of those ruins may be raised a sweeter life, when there shall no longer be boss and bossed, but free men and women working for the country they love. You have mentioned four ideas as panaceas. Either or all of them would not stand long, even if the trade unions promised they should do so. Personally, I think the wisest thing for the Government to do would be to nationalise the great basic industries at once, as at least there would be less likelihood of those con stantly recurring strikes in the industries which anect toe corporate life from the hour they begin, and also in such a case there is no excuse fox the plea that they need competition to develop them. It is utterly futile to attempt to-exor-cise the spirit of unrest by the names of Bolshevism, Guild Socialism, and the like as names of terror or contempt such a spirit can only be laid by a happy and contented people strong in the faith of a wise and just Government.

The predisposing cause of this terrible bogey of unrest sweeping through Europe, and even reaching the dreamy East, ia the deep-abiding hunger of the dispossessed, and cannot be truly cured except by national ownership. I am afraid our Tuling classes have not the faintest idea of this feeling, or, if they have, would rather push civilisation to the brink of ruin than let go their hold on any industry necessary to tho corporate life of the people, as witness the fatal move in selling the national ships and shipyards. It proves that the Ministry have not the faintest intention of nationalising anything unless they are kicked into it, and naturally the workers despise a Government that is only moved by threats and not justice. The English worker is not naturally restive treated frankly and generously he would quickly respond and willingly give faithful service to his country, but he is growing deepy suspicious of a Government that will give its word of honour one week, and then, if there is a good chance, break it the next. I would suggest, then, to allay unrest, that the Government proceed to take over the land, mines, railways, canals, shipping, and banking industries immediately as a preliminary to further ownership.

They could be bought by the issue to the present owners of bonds sufficient to cover the present-day value, and redeemed by their surrender as payment for taxation and death duties. I also consider it be a wise plan for the respective unions to have half-share in the management, and also be put on their honour to work the trades for a certain term of years for the welfare of the jjy those means we should- be making an honest attempt to solve some problems and reach a more' ordered system of society. Your idea is good that the trade union leaders and the Ministry should! have a conference with the workers to find out just what is wanted-but it would be better still if they really would try to understand the workers and carry out their wishes. In fact a good- Government should anticipate a people's washes, not follow them. I hope you will pardon the want of literary grace in this article, but I felt that I could not keep silence in such a cause.

I iove EngUnd deeply, and I want her to be great in the wealth of a happy, wise, generous, and brave people healthy and free; and she- cannot have that wealth until the root cause of the mischief is cast out M. JSbeek. NO ARMISTICE FOR C.O.'S. At Oswestry yesterday A. K.

Brown, of Fiixton and J. Crompton, of Bolton, were court-mar-tialled fox the third June.They were released from Manchester "prison only Crompton had been in prison two ind a half years and Brown two years. Before conscription came in. Brown was aetivelr assivi.t with the Heyrod Street Mission, and Qroter with a Congregational church belonged-to any political jpart Bo cotton-tesejs. "otu were Sentence is expected in two or three' days, LABOUR PARTY AND THE C.O.'S.

The Executive Committee of the labour party received a deputation yesterday from conscientious objectors who have been temporarily released from The Committee afterwards decided to presaagain for the deputation to Home Secretary previously decided upon. Birkpn J1P3.H Trmri. 1 votes to diidMio'Srt 3a the borough on Lord Birkenhead? reedotn of The Watch Committee" of ManchPK to give the men who have served I af stables during the period of con- tangible evidence of. the Committee's wiL801?" tion of their services. apPMcia.

At a sale at Perth yesterday Angus bulls, Mr. McWilliam. of mrdeen pion bull, TelongirJS to Mr. Kerr of e.hani-The animal is to be exported' n. record for the breed.

Price is At the meeting of the Eoval Society of England in London intimated that the Prince of y't Was sidency orthe Society. Sir John BoweT pre' urn Alopforl TTnmrlovf ik. VI1C1 Onn wo vvvmm lui LU.O car. '-J An Army Council instruction tat. officers of the Begular Army, the tts thal serve, and the Territorial Force arft1 Reformed that no steps should be tat, in- "i iBiwH oujr aiuuies ui UnilOrm fit ho service dress until after further instruction.

an issued. w-uuns ate Second Lieutenant Augustus' -Battalion Tank Corps, who has been the Military Cross, is the son Iff fna ardel Whittenbury Raby Street, MoSrSide joined the 1st Manchester "Pals" and served with it in FranoA fy: rep.eivpfl nj Mvmmicainn i to 1918. 1918. and was transferred to the Tank fnm, 1 At the meeting of the Manchester Citv (V yesterday Alderman Jackson said fh nci1 Manchester was 7,000. For tion the Corporation had 318 beds rt Si 46 at Abergele, 62 at Delamere a- luuuuug me provision miJ.

Committee WESTMACOTT'S TONIC QVm CHAMP AGNH. All T7 F'VERY CHILD SHOULD SLEEPaLOVh WOOD COTS AND BEDDKRAT BASEKPAI.E'8. MIIXKB STREET, AXCHB, amtt WHY BUY NEW RAINCOATS CLEANED REPROOFED. 409. Oxford Boad.

MBCW Send Boatcard for nearest add ADaouaecoteato la ttua column are charged ml tha rata ol la per line. All cucb announcements must bo authenticated bv th name and addresa ot the sender. Postage itamot oi postal onieni may be cent in payment. BIRTHS. BAKiXW.

On the 3rd at 7, Hiffhfield isoad. Pre. wch, to Mr. and Mrs. F.

BAllLOW, a daughter. HODGSON On the 1st inst, at Standleigh, snand. near i Mr. and WALTER HODGSON, a eon. XCQUEGOK On tha 3rd at Hob Hey Lan Ouloheth, to Mr.

and Mrs. FRANK McGREGOB MARRIAGES. COCHRANE. BOARD MAX. On the 4Ui at Hoi? Trinity Church, Failsworth, by the Est.

Smith UCGH son of tho late J. Hugh COCHRANE, Saq. of Sale, and Mrs. Cochrane, of 7, Talbot Road, Old Trafford, to LILIAN, daughter of Mr. and Mrs.

Richard BOARDMAN, Moaton House, New Moston. HARRISON TAYLOR, On SUi February, at the Jeyan Church, Lerenahubne, by the Rev. G. W. Tyson RICHARD CYRlh (Heut.

M.O.C.), youngest eon ot Mr. and Mrs. J. B. HARRISON, Windsor Road.

Levensbulme, to OLIVE, only daughter ot the lata Mr. and Mrs. W. G. TAYLOR, oi Levenshutoe.

R-MAN SANDERSON. On February 3, at St. Tbomw't Church, Heaton Ohapel, by the Beotor (ie Rer. S. S.

Sutcliffe, M.A.). SYDNEY PEARSON IN MAN, lieue. R.N.A.8., of Wanganui, N.Z., to MABEL, only daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Coas.

O. SANDERSON, ABbbourne House, Heaton Chapel. PRENTICE SMITH. On January 27, at Sale Unitarian Church, by the Rev. Matthew R.

Scott, HERBERT MAJOR FKENTICE, youngest con of Mrs. Rrentioa, The Ash, Morplc, to MARION, elder daughter ol Mr. and Mrs. R. J.

SMITH, of North enden Road, Sale. REED STIRLING At East N.F. Church, Johnstone, Benfrewsbire, by the Rev. Hugh GermmU, RD, CHARLES RE1D, of Colombo, Ceylon, and Kilmarnock, to EFFIE LORN, second daugbter of John B. STIRLING, Johnstone, and granddaughter of the late Henry Brownsword, Heaton Moor.

STOREY WILLIAMS. On Ffbroary 4, at the Congregational Chureh, Wellington, Shropehire, by the Bet. Sidney M. Barry, M.AY of Carr's Lane, Birmingham, Major R. STOREY, BiA.S.C second eon of Mr.

and Mrs. E. Storey, Lime Grove, BrooUanda, to GRACK, only daughter of the Rev. G. N.

and lbs, WILLIAMS (lata of Chorlton-cum-Hardy). BEVERLEY. On February 3, at 172, -Bury, -SARAH, widow of tbe late John SEYEBXJET, of in her 84th year. BOYD'. On the SOth.

January, at Vevey, Switzerland. ROBERT RALSTON BOYD (late of Torquay), yeuager eon. of tho late Tbomaa Boyd, Glasgow. COOPER. On the 4tb at 6, Bedford Slaea, WXU1.

wife: the late Jamea COOTER (formerly of Oldham and St. Annes-on-Sea), in her 66th year. CRIMES On the 40i inat, HANNAH, widow of William CRIMES, of Derby Cottage, Sussex Street, Lcrw Brougbton, in her 83rd year. No flowers, by apeoial requeet. JOSES.

On the 4tiv isat at 47, Duncan Road, ten-sight, ALICES tba dearly beloved wife of Robert Pug-b in her 75th year, after long patiently borne. Friends pleaaa accept this (tha only) iatimatlfih. KTTtKMAV (injttn 4th at Brooklyn, WaUfagtoa Road, Whalley Range, JOHN, the dearly betorad hueband of Edith KCBKMAN, of 1440, Regent Road. Salford, and Marks 'Ave Aahton-undex-Lyne, pasted peaoenuly away. Friends please aeoept this (th only) intimation.

Foiieral arrangements later. LOWCOClt-On'UKi 4th inat, ati Beeohwood, Elms Avenue. Lytbsan, SARAH LOUISA, widow ot William Birtwistl. LOWCOCK, of Hisendale, Old. Trafford.

Interment at'Brooklanda Cemetery on 'Saturday, "February 8, at 2 50 Jn. Inquiries to Meews. Kendal, Milne Op. MARLOR. On tha 4th inst, at Wilbon Bouse, Mo Road, Svnton, CHARLES HERMAN MARLOR, in hia 43rd Interment Denton Oemetery, Friday, 3jui MtTLLIOAN -On February 5, at 168, Withington Road.

Whalley Range. EMMA, beloved wife of Rancii IIITLUOAN. No flowers, by request. RHOCbEat On Jatmaiy 31; suddenly, at iBlejk Hw. Norbreck, Blackpool, ANNIE BEATRICE, widow of tV lata Hexbext RHODES, of.

The Woodlands, Stair-bridee, in her 56th year. Interment this day (Tbun-darVot Gloasop' Oemetery, atil'30. Train Iobtm Matochester London Road Station for Gloasop at 12 50 Friends pleaaa aocept thia-' (the intimatioo. SHASrSS-oTtha 4th the dary behrM wMerf Thomas 8HARFLKS, 343, Tig Boad, Gorton. IU-P.

Sweet Jesus, mcrcy Our Lady of Perpetual Succour, far Fawn arrangements later. Inquiries T. 81, Great Anooats Street, Hanchesier. th 4th at Arncllffe, BrougWon Park HENRY GEORGE STEPHENSON, his '72 8ezvk at Manchester Crematorium to-morrow, the 3rd 'EDITH-' MARY, dearU KKjX l). THOMPSON, The Elms, Cta BriSeTand eldest daughter of Mr.

and Mrs. Walte BripM Leamington Road. Blackburn. Intenneni malSVirrTCOTetery thia day (Tbursoay). 12 TOMMN8O--0n the 4th inst.

fFebroary, a 6 Gulden Withington, ANN, widow, of Uie 1st iuTOMUXSON. Sr.Hulme.'iher 77fc; Internient Southern Cemetery Friday, one clock WAKBrorONOn-Jarmary 17. at Madras, India, tm MMChester, husband of -Mrs. Ida Warburto. caw Ssndemere, Bavyhutete, Manchester.

te TcTLD-Onthe 2nd last. ELIZABETH, WILD, JdaugM" Tfe SS. Joseph Wild, of Brook Orjeh HofflJ jLdrtdiVH, Gorton. Interment at -Cbrirt Church SntonV dy, (Thuraday). at 24ocfcg SJiries 'to be fddiwsed 1 Messrs.

Frot; Street. Stockport. TeL" 361. DisopVBBX ok AcrrrvE flB wesv nKLME. At hospital'in Calais, on January 3ly EDWAB msJSSoi ixtopiIdtermen James Harrop and Sons, Sfaetf ord.

yreafl.4bmBMaTOMvWAMTg. 177ai-Ktora rHES a apC fZidTwo the LTaCK.fPITT luUBed' fin th iIwmmmi FiaandtrPab KeWlwaTj aHowed.