The Observer from London, Greater London, England • 15

WORLD REPORT THE OBSERVER, SUNDAY 4 OCTOBER 1981 German plan to not gives Purge 'may lead to terror5 by PETER RED DAW AY THE PURGE of dissident groups in the SoviejjsUnion could leave terrorism as the only channel for dissent. This warning is given by human ri ghts campaigner-Ivan Kovalyov, himself un-' der arrest, in a document which has reached the Kovalyov current situatipn-of the dissident movement' does not give irijieH hope its further -development or perhaps its very existence in its present form. If the movement ceases to exist, it will be replaced, by i byDICK ARBOR-MIGHT and MICK DORAN CHILEAN ARMY captain was accused last week of torturing the British businessman Wiliijm Bieausire, who disappejagd in a secret police intejyo-gation centre in Santiago in 1975. Mr Geoffrey Bindman, a British lawyer acting for the Beausire family in a private prosecution against secret police agents, alleged that Captain. Miguel Krasnoff Marchenko and Sergeant Tuho Pereira Fereura had heen identified a witness to the torture.

555 -The Chilean auSSSirities immigrants from NICOLA TYRER in Berlin MEHMET ESEN arrived monolithic' labour exchange In Berlin from his native in Kreuzberg. In our system the parents Turkey speaking no Ger- haye to their child-man and with a poor school ren who are out of work, record. Eighteen months They don't like doing this, so later 17-vear-old Mehmet they t00' encourage the utter j. year-om menmet young peopie t0 take respon- is proud to announce biIiryVWr near-perfect German that That, of course, is the stick. he has been offered an.

is act that. apprenticeship with a local there is up to DM400 (100) a firm. month waiting for. every Like thousands of other young person entering a immigrant teenagers in post- training while, in boom West Germany, Meh- contrast to the situation in met is being carefully steered Britain, there are more: than away from the path that leads enough courses to go round, to the dole: queue, alienation In 1980, of all young people and, eventually, rioting in the eligible to leave school, only rtreets. They have no formal 7 per cent ended up without qualifications.

work or in unskilled jobs. The parallels-with voune year' sufe will West SflnrAsiasIn "ffi SLrSgd eLted SSSa5SK hSSTfor IbMiSh education, half took appren. ongstSs athl Gvert ment cranks up its own 750 Pted for fuU-time vocational rlvaiiovalyov and his wife Tatyana Arrested. so many years that "the renegades are enemies they have sold out." Kovalyov is worried about his father. 'His health has been seriously undermined by the general conditions in his camp and by personal victimisation.

Now his sjtua-tion is specially, dangerous, following his transfer last December to the prison in Chistopol Kovalyov also writes about the fate of his and 'his arrested friends vvVyatheslavj Bakhmm. Inni Grivnina, Tatyana Vehkanova Alexander- Lavut- 'I would- like; as -many: people; as possible to know about these -mdivi-: duals of exceptional in He says that the' auth- orities' would respond- with terror on an unpredictable scale. "That could mean the destruction, not lust of the A tense scene ill Das as the submarine is attacked by rdestroy-ers. have maintained thaQke two mepicannot besf owtftst -i Beausfre, the sujct of lastJ'Friday's BBjggJ Prisoners-Si Con-Spenceiwas arrSSSd at Buenos Aires airoor2Sn his U-boat film is human rights -movement but of the whole Lake his father Sergei in and wife Tatyana Kovalyov- has been charged with anti-Soviet Sergei is due for release 1984, Tatyana in 1990. Kovalyov's sentence will be announced this win Chile, to in aNovemoer mt.

axiu-rnown rpm SIEG FRIED BUS CHSCH UtTER in Frankfurt hack to; San tia eol.HaJwas th en '-tJ-T" As the authorities arenow. ter. trying to blacken themgip is important diat the vtmith about them is knomi Kovalyov and his wife to Moscow sroun tnimon drive to, save our lost generation. The German Germans, who also nave Spreading that truth haps tne greatest -assistance' which' monitors-, Soviet- violations of the 1976 Helsinki agreement on human Edits. approach is now being classroom reoejs anxious to studied by British experts.

Set out and earn adult wases. have little respect for He -iwas seen in idfention by votherj nexteight mo One themi Ltiis Munags liv-ing in London as aefagee and his testimonjSTSs the basis' of the procegdjngs in l3ie- Chilean courts. Be alleged that-Saptain Krasnoff was 'trymglSSiorce Beausire to reveal tUS3jidmg place of his siter MJSEf Ann-and her common-Iawteband Andres Pascal Agnie, a nephew of theSSffidered 'President and a 'SBtt-vimz what they see as our woolly It has issued 200 reports but a KGB crackdown has left Uiiktl nis leuow attempts to encourage 16 A U-boat without A boat with a of grey shark these were just some of the hostile com-ments reflected in' the headlines. They, summarise the range of criticism made of, the film. It is too shallow, a failed fling at copying successful American movies such as This all-round criticism has to be taken with more than just a pinch of salt.

German reviewers of film and television are always looking for depth. They are invariably wary of docudrama, entertainment creeping into serious subjects. They want the message straight. This is a German film in the multi-million dollar mould of America's top selling, movies such as 'Star Wars' and Apocalypse The cost, of Das Boot some DM 25 million places it firmly in the same category. The boats used as models have been copied from the only U-boat relic left from the war.

Some of the outside shooting was done at La Rochelle in South-West France against the backdrop of giant undamaged submarine bunker. The plot is set in 1941, when the war on the Atlantic was swinging away from Hitler. By May of that year, the British had broken the German Navy code' and improved radar detection made, life increasingly difficult for German U-boat commanders. The film fails to highlight that historical background. The only reference to the, growing number of ships lost comes before the opening scene in a caption recalling that of the 40,000 German U-boat crew about 30,000 men lost their lives.

A BLUE-GREEN smog fills the screen. Seconds pass in silence as a giant shape comes into focus. The pointed bow of a U-boat cuts through the haze, head-on, menacing. The opening sequence of West Germany's most costly foray into movie-making Das The film of the international bestseller by the former war correspondent and art collector, Lothar Buchheim, 63, is a two-and-a-half hour portrayal of a dramatic eye-witness account of a mission made by U-boat 96 in 1941. The film, directed by Wolfgang Petersen, 40, one of West Germany's most prominent young film-makers, has been launched simultaneously in 200 cinemas across the country against the back- ground of devastating criticism by the reviewers.

it with only three elderly near louaest year-olds to stay on. at as they leave the classroom school. Their solution take members. Kovalvov writes: This is cm" the workshop Abortion on EIGHT doctors -accused of not the first time the regime has to destroy the movement. but earlier at fL.JS.a into the classroom, orchestrated-insistence that ThJ 1300 jn they explore the hundereds BeXs yX0if ITthe of avenues of; training and hate of their last vea? political i activist.

breaking a 100yearold-fBel-; j. iBeansire.itold Kraatoff he would co-operate anSgreed to another sisfec. who gaan law anavpenornnng. abortions will go on'" trial' here this writes -Zz had taken refugeJ'M the IteliahtEmbassv. --Dm-iifj? the Harder 1 from hintedto his sisteraievwas acnsMunder Dressureand KrasHolr tpx 1.

mounts in being tricked. Thirty sumaiar cases, are expected to be called. a prehminaryM hearingxaJ fortnight. it was nued 4hat the cases should be heard separately. Although prosecution can result 'in heavy court sentences for the doctor, the nara-medical staff; jMLunoz.aiiegesstnat ne and the other? prisoners, heard from HAROLD BY ATT in Athens Beausire Tbeing ewSously shouted): Thia tempts were Jess crudeV He says that such groups were the main target.1' Many have been- forced to stop their An example is the recent destruction of the WorkmgiGoinmission on; Psychiatric Another has been -the rearrest and" -conviction! of prisoners of conscience, either soon, jafter.

release or even when serving-their previous sentence. Kovalyov finds hope, in -the furtiveness and duplicity of the authorities, and-points to: their, secret decrees and closed trials. 'Of course there's something to hide he says. 'It is not the defendants who are the criminals, but the He is encouraged by the increased communication between dissenters7 and-- the-. West in the Soviet Union, by the sometimes; marked sympathy of ordinary people who have had it pounded into their heads for skilled crattsmen wnose Thousands of German successful lifestyles offer school-leavers take appren- them a model for their own ticeships which serve- as career.

V1 hilhly paid jrob-f At the Christian Youth M.fT- exacS tests, mdustnal zone, where. ht" "arched STSE isolate those young people fh, doomed to a life astnskilled Tmfrc at labourers and coach them up P1 ln. to standard. the end of the day, or are made to do chores by the Schools are offering inten- team 0f craftsmen in charge. Cleanliness and good man-instead of a last year of ruthlessly promoted unpopular acadenuc work.

he ff whoyae deter- ined "0 employer shall have ing pre-apprenticeship pre- fop reiudiee aeainst paration courses for leavers raf." tJf they dub 'late immigrant job-seekers. i The young people have a There is no dole for school choice of eight professions in leavers. which to gain work experi- 'It is not healthy to give ence including all the wood someone money for doing and metal working trades, is the end jaj3 Hv and even chemists' providing PERSONAL exchanges and passionate slogans have created r. highly, inflammable climate for the Greek elections a Week was stfiU tortuiSSEentre drugs tor the; af least 50.000'abortions are car-' at Christmas. -C22 rued out in; Belgium every: year.

i Later.r?Beausire-w8B-taken from next Sunday. The last-minute desertion Theotokis, to George Rail is's New Democracy, have further polarised what now looks like a neck-and-neck contest between the two main con-, testanits. Both Mavros and Theotokis first sought some form of political co-operation with the larger parties, but had. finally to leave their colleagues and join New Demo-' cracy and PASOK individuals, Recriminations have been bitter. Mavros's presence must add strength and prestige to Theotokis's defection was due to his calculation of the rising strength of PASOK-and its challenge to the entire nationalist camp.

But he may also have been influenced by Con-stantine's decision to abstain from involvement "in the elections. Theotokis could prove both an embarrassment and an asset to Rallis, because New Democracy (which has governed since 1974) will now be almost the sole recipient of royalist votes. but is i bound to cause resentment among leftists in the party who him as a i His chief to Papan-Vdreou is as a proWestern figure capable of securing the co-operation of conservative elements who still regard PASOK as a Marxist movement and a menace to the Greek establishment. He has already beerii mentioned; by the Press ai possible Defence Minister an a PASOK government. to another centre hbSShago.

Then in July 19255- he finaMiyi.dSsapipearedjffT'g- i ne accused doctors au young' reformers -work in medical centres where abor-. bon is available on demand- by the leader of the recently reformed Liberal a Mriimdiman to Lord Carnhgton, teng af under safe conditions; Some George Mavrosi to Andreas Papandrebu's PASOK (Pan- wi-thi, thSBJilean abortions are also: 'ulegauy, available in hospitals, if the, woman vfiasi nfl' msnjtance art 4 the written Dennasinoa jWimascer ot jose Hellenic Socialist Move; ment), followed by that, of the pro-Royalist leader of the National Rally, Spyros jnejna," wao is arwwng in said Kudolr lAick, hotel management, eJectro-who creates courses for nics, textiles and home youngsters froj Berlin's economics. her husband or parents: I London next weekelSS mm in i mt mm mi m' mm mm mu mm i'i 11 mm a tw -i lllllJnl I mm '1 It A I No Bennite concessions -festo to the national execu; live) but the yes-ho antics or the Shopworkers unaer-lined the fragility of the alliance, even on such matters. But Healers whiskers vie- tbry over. Benn for deputy leader has revealed tne widespread- support for moderation among rank and file workers.

The hard, left dominated National Union of Public Employees had to cast its 600,000 block votes for Denis Healey, because the branch ballot of members gave him a clear majority over his opponents. Ine school-dinner ladies of Bri tain do not make for militant Socialists. The comic antics of the Continued from page 13. Yet after the disarray of the Right at this year's Trades Union Congress, not even its leaders were confident they, could, put it together hi the vital National Executive elections. The St Ermine's Hot4l dinners, where Duffy, Roy Grantham (APEX), Bill Sirs (Steel Workers), Sid Weighell (Rail waymen), Frank Chappie (Electricians) and others met regularly to plan their strategy to save the Labour Party from extremism, have paid off.

But the Forward Labour group, led by David Warbur-ton, an industrial officer with the General and Municipal Workers, also claims some of the credit. For the first time we took the trouble to contact even small textile unions. We made them feel they mattered," said Warburton. Next year the moderates hope to capture three more executive seats that would give them a narrow majority. But the Bennite Left has only been bruised, not fatally wounded.

'We are confident of pulling it back next year on the national executive, claims Jon Lansman, secretary of the Rank and File Mobilising Committee. The women's section will be under energetic assault Just a few switches among the block votes of a handful of unions could reverse last week's Centre-Right victories. Transport and General Workers, where the. dele gation, like the executive council, ignored pro-Healey rank and hie opinion, are Id vou do better bound to have some impact we li ne Calculators are as much a part oflearning as multiplication 1 tables once were. TI53Tiieslimline sdenufic calculatorwith A new broad left body is likely to emerge soon from the Bennites which will seek to mobilise support among union rank and file activists Benh talks openly of raising the 'political consciousness'' 'of the" unions" through his Socialist message, a prospect that alarms union leaders who want to concentrate on defeating the Tories.

'We are still winning ground where the issues are open and decisions are reached on policy through wider said one leading Benn strategist. 'But some union leaders still use their block votes on elections for the national executive as if they were their personal Indeed, the Brighton conference regis-' tered further gains for the left in some moderate unions on such causes as unilateral nuclear disarmament and British withdrawal from the European Economic Community. Sirs, of the Steel Workers, could only muster just over a million votes for his plea for a referendum to decide whether we should leave the Common Market while a clear majority of union block votes backed the closure of all nuclear missile bases in Britain. Nor will the unions rally behind any suggestion of an incomes policy under a Labour government. They remain firm for free collective bargaining.

It is hard to see the new centre-right union alliance working in partnership to modify, let alone reverse, such policy positions this side of the next general election. Duffy and his allies can co-operate in calling a halt to further constitutional change in the party (as over giving control of the mani- on Britain's biggest union. This winter's executive coun i programmabilityfor 'A' level 4 JL -d "Which is good. And bad. Good because the right calculator can take the mechanics out of maths.

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The Bennites will not lightly concede what has been lost. Like it or not, this year's conference draw invites a replay in Blackpool next year. As ever, the unions are the battlefield where both sides fight for supremacy. It is much too early to suggest Labour moderates have reached their El Alamein and the end of the beginning. university designed specificallyfor scientific calculator algebraic operating systemLO)displayclear keyboard constarttkey comprehensive stausticalfunctions constant memory automatic power down.

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