The Observer from London, Greater London, England • 9

THE OBSERVER, SUNDAY, JANUARY 29, 1961 (3 ABLE TALK by PENDENNIS A SHIP STEAMS OUT PROFESSOR DOCTOR ANTONIO DE OLIVEIRA SALAZAR. OF THE FOG ivjimsier oi Portugal tor the iast ihtru -four vears. must be furious. Portugal is in tpc news and hat is the last Ik- cct warned. Thurber can no longer draw except, from memory, the head of a bloodhound but he still does plenty of writing by dictation.

He does not spare himself when it comes to polishing. There I am, standing in the middle the Boor, saying it going to be, luminous or Then my wife pomes in and That's enough, Jamie, this one's going to the" dines Thurber merit scheme is rapidly getting Durmg the war the Germans indented obfuscating organisation called hi unci eW night and fog -designed to mislead anybody who might tr to find Out what they were up to. No one suggests the Portuguese have perpetrated the monstrosities of that German outfit But the present regiroe in I isbon had perfected the art of insouciant concealment long before any twentieth-century Government had thought of it. Except for royal visits, occasional and regrettable arguments with India about Goa. and the odd British trade fair, nothing ever happens in the territory of Britain's oldest ally.

uppers-hand. Now St George's Hospital; on the-south side of the to-get involved; in? 7 corner is.soou News-hounding 2) opewtions. corner? i r1 THE royalty-obsessed papers -c i 8 sent SflSehV pnoiograpKrssnuuunB roua- uic diverted into sn-ug Slopes or monrz las poraryi flyover bridge) so thaithey, week, hoping-for some piquant -gOT stun: on uwgniK or me mto-; otty below 'Si, George's the Duke taking part the Army When th'ev have ski championships, the Duchess ey will- rebuild the hospital ana muncess -Alexandra tnere to ceUars aiidlaboratories above the' the Portuguese authorities, since they went to the trouble of keeping htm in prison for several years, so that he escaped only by walking out of a guarded hospital disguised as a doctor. Angola Report Like General Delgado, Galvao was originally a supporter of Salazar, indeed a member of the National Assembly. But the Government made the mistake of sending him in 1947 to Angola to report on conditions there, and he made the mistake of reporting them.

He became a hero of the unofficial but angry opposition. This distinction he shared at the time with the late Mr. Aneurin Bevan, who was refused a visa to enter Portugal on the grounds that he might interfere with Portuguese internal affairs. Which, of course, was precisely what the opposition hoped he would do. And what Captain Galvao is now doing, since a Portuguese ship is Portuguese territory.

Still Centre TWENTY-FOUR hours after their arrival in London, Mrs. Thurber still hadn't had a chance to unpack the suitcases. There seemed to be an idea for a Thurber story here somewhere: the passing of the winter months as endless callers and wellwishers tramp in and out of the hotel suite, the stare of the empty wardrobes and the locked portmanteaux, This may have been what Mr. Thurber was contemplating sitting with such sage-like stillness in the front room and why his new book, Lanterns and Lances," is going to be sub-titled, A variety of encounters with men, women, and other children." The world revolves round him, looking particularly dizzy these days from his sjill centre. The Thurbers are here to see the opening of the master's play.

Coup de Be teau Ol course, occasional reports seep out that large numbers of re-spectaMe lawyers have been sent to gjol for unspecified offences, or ihat lerribte treatment is being rncted out to Africans in Angola, but all is blandly denied by Sala-z-ar's suave officials. No wonder Salazar himself knows best, and he never talks to anihodv He is a good man' he neer drinks, smokes, or chases women. He is a bachelor. He sees no evil, and if it is done in his name tt is no evil. He never, if he can avoid it, appears in public he has a President to do that for him.

Our Dr. Antonio Salasar man who goes to Portugal has never seen him. Now his country is being talked about on I.T.V. news. How vulgar can the world become? Despite the veiJ of secrecy which covers goings-on in Portugal, one anti-Salazar citizen apart from General Delgado (profiled on page 12) became pretty well known outside the country before the present coup de bateau.

He was and is Captain Henrique GalvSo, the man who has taken over the Santa Maria so effectively. His fame must be galling to road. Theiob jlone-Jby crew of Italian experts who be 'seen -striding site-. waicn mm. They were given a crowded time by the Pressmen, The-Duke had a couple of crashes in the downhill event.

When' hembved- collect himself, photographers made fast time across the snow after him for close-ups and titillating copy. Aside from this arduous work, some of the reporters got in a fair amount of below-stairs snooping, trying to find out how much was being paid for the royal suite at the Palace Hote, what the Duchess ate and so on. The upshot of the research, apparently, was that the Mail and the Express printed gossip-column stories saying that the Duchess (who is patron of the Army Ski Association), the Duke and the Princess were having a five-day free holiday paid for by the Association, the implication being that the hard-earned coppers of the other ranks were being spent on a royal jaunt The Mail at least apologised across two columns when the Association asserted that the Kents were paving for themselves. The Express didn't apologise, but simply said' mis had been announced." in baseball 'capsi'cry-ing "Arriyedercil' tahd; obscuretechnical'argotf. .5 Everyone has been tiryfag 'to work akt wavs of -job Theatre Junkie-Shop vHfiffcV-' hi-''-, V'i 'j-' A im mi.

FORD ANGLIA quietly, both for the' sake 6f 'thS patients; and to avoid tJ -ir(-a i i). 'S3w Ann e-H al IAf aleHie Doml eo IDE, insirumcuis-'m -mc--uHucm laboratory! exchange for all the British plays about kitchen sinks and low life which have been on Broadway (one of our principal exports), an American play abeut a peculiar sub-layer of New York society, The onnecnon." is opening at the Duke of York's next month. It's about drug addicts, or junkies and took Jack Gelber a week to write, two months to polish. It may turn out to be controversial at a serious level: even the progressives disagree about its quality. Kenneth Tynan is enthusiastic; John Osborne thinks it degrading.

The impresario concerned, Peter Daubeny, can at bution to silence isjth'eiriingeruous1 sv-'-i fl-4f Mvtii lStefcfi Class 5 IFvfi 2000 cc) way -of making a tunael-rpothing molish about it which'S-tOiScppp out a trenchant! 'then, build. toof over The escape the national; psychpjogy still, WPfiVdJ buljdpggy t''" But students'-'fof smen-at-work 6fflciaf eoffirmcrtion-. have even things to the Carnival no date or theatre xxrr fixed yet Mr. Thurber has jyletl at WOtk L.C.CV is gomg a muffler -for pneumaticVyrills(a kind of large Hyde Park Corner, where you can still see sound-proof shaped r-like least be credited with nerve in putting it on at a theatre in which sideboard and butler have hitherto been familiar stage props. Gelber, a thin and elegant twenty-nine, knows his junkies.

He was brought up in West Side Chicago where they were always at his elbow. He has tried to ensure audience-involvement by making it a play-within-a-play, Pirandello-style. "Man in audience gets up and says he's the producer," says Gelber. Author steps forward and says what's going to happen. Producer yells, jumps up and down telling actors to do their stuff." All this in a narrow Beat vocabulary of about fifty words, with jazz stock-car racing any day of the week, the L.C.C.'s road improve- sentry-boxes, to.

put rountl drillers. aireaay appeared in eigncy-eigui performances of it back home, never fluffing a line by accident, a feat which has made him known as the biggest threat to the acting profession of all time. He quotes a critic's theatre notice: Mr. Thurber's rather diffident manner conveys a certain theatrical magnetism." He must have meant something was wrong with the stage hghting." Now sixty-six and totally blind, 07 'Native 0m Slave of tltfe Continued from page 7. ently done over the last ten years." The report notes that there were of the.sbiL; Hejboro allv the risks involved; ins the companies 'in.

three kinds of conditions under -trt! SS which native labour was employed. The first was as volunteer labourers, out any risat of sure profits." ToughtechnScal 'assfstance jw.asl r- -rti-- but normally the authorities preclude the volunteer worker from the free choice of his employer. He native, farmers to'bw-pnly Ifhe pi-ft; i-t'i could not choose the one who other agents'- of "propiganaa who'1 leacn mem noining ano-impcne on them the need to 'cultivate' only v- the required cprrOTOdity'WMreverc trmtlockB th'fMfeiiiiig' i agsirist.shqc&iand ylbratiori; jmdtWltturaVda(dsg. ieUiQrit nylons i-. they.want-jit, good1 or baa sometimes loss to theu; fown ifood We ss-ff 1 not as exceptions, but as" a generalj; rule, distasteful casesof yioiensej.of;!' tmaffe'eted byimdistute -i oi sciusc, wuiv.u icaui destructioh'! of thS The Admimsriation has 'beeh or terfiperatiiteB -f25(P shbtweon 70'i blinded by the hunger-1 for 'quan-: tity it seemed 'to be unaware ofi its very grave failureas'an-tinstru-? ment of native Finally, the report describes how the action of employers bears on.

the labour problem against' or in' fulfilment of official the dodging of jrispectioh, by; bribing or taking a'dyaintage of- the' mild attitudes of authorities responsible, for the protection- "of "the natives." This' attitude of the employers- offered the best salary but was forced to accept the one named by the authorities, so that he would get the minimum salary stipulated by law. The second was by the compulsion of the authorities based on the despotism of a native chieftain. This was what, natives called con-tractofhe herding-of (peopIe for supply to the employers through the Department of Native Affairs. The employers, in the milder cases, made use of recruiters helped and supported by the authorities. It is useless to go into details about the hateful aspects these operations imply." Without Salaries The report observes that the natives hated the contracto.

Certain contractos were carried out to S. Tom (an island with large cocoa plantations) in conditions under which one exports animals and this terrorised them. They, were even terrorised by- the simpler contract for the plantations in Angola, since they knew that they died on the scale of 20 to 30 per cent The Government also recruited for its own services, as it recruited for the settlers but as it ran into shortages, it frequently resorted to engaging women and the incapacitated. And since local departments were frequently left without the necessary funds to pay wages on time, the Government often forced natives to work without salaries, food, on -roads and Gov- expressed--itself in: (1) resistance) HSpwif-" gUtl gig 1 1 in all-possible ways to a ''waawV'fZ) the of the workers ment ana pnysicai violence were still, the practice in Mozambique'; and the obligations pertaining clothinefood and sanitarv ameni ties were dodged in the majority of cases. The idea, that native, is simply a beast 'of burden still prevails the in'diflferencV'for'the physical'and 'moral fiealth' of their labourers is evident" ExteiminaHngr Spirit If also slkwedM.tself-1n:,-3)'th"e" Jemment farms.

Heavy labour ser- waste' of labour 'everythingwas done manually; of trucks to ail aim 1 1 a.ryj marshes (4) the moral? character the -recruiters native tahour: tf5V.the. disolace- fcimig ment or labourers from.oneTarea-' Lr si 'it elmpllfleadealgrl; "i) XiI r-t ri "I jJirf dealgrl; puts a it.etaysj to 'another1 'thoutregardT for climatic changes "(6) me 'extor tions practised by merchants over the natives 0) the ifldifference to housing conditions (8) the last surviving influences of "the exterminating spirit" still rooted! in the last century. No one had denied that the problem was a very difficult one. regions and these were paid for only months after they-had been carried out The mass of people working on their own account farmers, traders, industrialists and native cattle breeders were of first importance in the colony's economy. But Galvao observes that their disorganised state diminished production and production could only be kept at the same level at the cost of much violence.

Nor had intelligent steps been taken to improve cultivation methods. The report says that the technical services save for the veterinary branch had hardly any communication with the native producer. The system of fostering the production of some crops of great economic value to the natives through a system of concessionaires was. in theory, tempting. In practice, though, only the immediate interests of the great concession a ry companies had been considered and the native had been reduced to a slave in an elegant setting, refreshment is being taken and pleasure given.

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You can only criticise me for not saying the w. hole truth or rather that I do not hir. thing ilirr nt.ncr Li- Guest Keanai KettlefoldsCMldlinaB) Screw IHvlBlon, Box 24, Heath Street, Birmingham 18. Telephone: SmethvAck 1441. Telex 33-239 describe all the aspects of the prob lem.

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