The Montgomery Advertiser from Montgomery, Alabama • 13

Montgomery, Sunday, Dec. 15, 1957 Sputniks Cause City To Take An at Look IN THE MILITARY EDITOR ALS, NEWS her I ass AU Gears To Keep Up With Missiles By William J. Mahonpy, Jr I tf J. fl 3 f-V School of Aviation Medicine, Randolph Air Force Base, the Department; of Space Medicine has studying the problems of space travel for humans. Dr.

Hubortus Strughold, space research ndvisor to the School of Aviation Medicine, has pointed out that "The U.S. Air Force several years ago fired rockets containing monkeys and mice to considerable altitudes in order to test the effects of space flight on living creatures." The animals were brought back to earth safely and some are alive today. The German-born space authority has conducted extensive experiments with a laboratory version of a sealed space cabin that provides all the necessities of life on earth. "Our studies are directed solely toward the support of a human flyer in a satellite or other vehicle. Whenever the manufacturers give us the vehicles, we in space medicine are ready with techniques to protect the Flyer," Strughold states.

The School of Aviation Med as developed by our operational and planning agencies. For the present, the nation cannot lose sight of the fact that manned aircraft represent America's first lines of offense and defense. By combining and capitalizing on the performance and characteristics of both missiles and aircraft, the Air Force is enabled to create an instrument of airpower considerably more formidable than missiles or aircraft alone. Thus, Air University in its educational system must carry on full conceptual and doctrinal coverage of manned aircraft employment while i s-siles are being phased into the program. As rapidly as missiles become operationally suitable, they will be placed in units to substitute completely or partially for manned aircraft in consonance with military requirements.

It follows that Air University curricula will be adjusted accordingly. Looking ahead farther, the Air Force for a number of years has been conducting research in space travel. At Air University's By THE OFFICE OF INFORMATION SERVICES, Headquarters Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base Recent technological developments both here and abroad have focused national attention on the missile as an introduction into the space age and of more immediate concern an all-important instrument of our national security. The United States Air Force has for many years recognized the potential of missiles. According to current roles and missions, the Air Force has the greatest requirement for these devices for the maintenance of peace and the successful prosecution of a war if forced upon us.

As the center of professional education in the U.S. Air Force, Air University at Maxwell Air Forte Base has shared this recognition of the missile as an increasingly vital member of our family nf weapon systems. Air University has geared its curricula and research to keep pace with the scientific achievements in the field of missile technology and the concepts of employment IN WORLD OF BOOKS- TRACE ORBITAL PATH OF SPUTNIK Is Biggest Seller icine's research in space medicine has already been used to good effect in exploratory flights by Air Force pilots and physicians above the effective limiti of the earth's atmosphere. In considering the stratosphere and the infinite reaches of space as an extension of its aerial responsibilities, the Air Force has and is continuing to develop missiles for use in its assigned strategic, tactical and air defense roles as fast as technology permits. In tune with the times.

Air University has geared its professional, education program and its doctrinal thinking to the missile-space age mankind is now entering. REACHING FOR SKY Thor 31issile Launched Robert E. Lee High School students are shown how a Russian satellite circles the earth. The two boys are Larry Sanders deft' and John Da vies. Standing are Jesse Price, physics instructor, and Carol Muse.

Staff Photo by Joe Holloway Jr. IN SCHOOLS Students Show Interest Science By JO ANN FLIRT Sputnik, the now famous Russian satellite which has inspired countless advertising copywriters and sales promoters, has also aroused the curiosity of the reading public. Operators of book stores and newsstands in Montgomery report an increase in sales of science fiction material as high as 20 per cent and the Montgomery Public Library has run out of enough books to supply the constant demand. Although much of the demand for reading material is non-fiction, factual accounts of missile programs and space travel the majority of readers appear to favor the more imaginative and fantastic. The most popular item on the newsstand today appears to be the 35-cent magazine type collections of science fiction short stories.

These have replaced the men's bachelor type slick magazines in the competition for display on prominent racks. Readers have their choice of such titles as Future Science Fiction, Saturn Science Fiction and Fantasy. Imaginative Tales, Galaxy Science Fiction, Super- According to Mrs. Dixie Lou Fisher, who heads the Montgomery Public Library, there has been a growing interest in 'hat type literature for about eighi years. In fact the only material, fiction or non-fiction available in Montgomery now appears to be pre-Sputnik books.

There has not been time, book store managers said, for either books or magazines not. already in the making before Sputnik to reach the public All indications are, however, that there will be a race heri as for example in the toy manufacturing business, to supply the increased public demand for scientific material. For now. the book store people and librarians agree, the public is looking to newspapers and weekly magazines to keep them posted on the latest developments. For fiction, they are reading whatever they can find.

Are the readers serious or is this another fad, librarian Mrs. Fisher was asked. "Most of them are serious," she said. "They have suddenly recognized the sobering reality of what they used to consider a flight of fancy." Science Fiction, If, Satellite Science Fiction (a before Sputnik publication). Fantastic Universe Science Fiction, Infinity Science Fiction.

Amazing Stories, Science Fiction Adventures, Astounding Science Fiction, Original Science Fiction Stories and The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction. Another newsstand and bookstore operator who stocks a large supply of pocket books reports a new surge of interest in the paper back science fiction novels. There appears to be a slightly larger interest in star gazing and astronomy although most of the readers apparently are more concerned with the now invisible or yet un-launched satellite or space ship. Public library officials and book store personnel report that the most singularly popular non-fiction book at this time is "Vanguard" by Martin Caiden, an outstanding American scientist who discusses the United States' plans for launching a satellite. The book store personnel and librarians are quick to point out that the reading of science fiction is not an entirely new thing.

In Battle the press in 19.15. he said, and contains some material on nuclear energy. Magazines, particularly news magazines, are used frequently to keep the students posted on latest developments. Speaking of the impact of Sputnik on Lee science students, Price said that "for a few days, that's all they wanted to talk about." Sister Rosalee. science teacher at Catholic High School, says her students also display much interest in satellites.

At least one of her students, she has indicated an interest in becoming a physicist and others are planning to become chemical engineers and electrical engineers. She said that Selma High School has a model of a satellite and a field trip is being planned so her pupils can examine it. "We supplement constantly with science news-letters, newspapers and she stated. She said general principles of missile propulsion are given in the physics textbooks. Lanier teachers are also constantly urging more students to enter exhibits in science fairs.

Jesse L. Price, who heads the science department at Robert E. Lee High School, says that the physics and chemistry labs at Lee are "two cf the most modern, up-to-date high school labs in the country." He predicts that the majority of students who are now taking physics, an elective subject, will continue their scientific studies. Many of the 172 chemistry students are planning to become engineers who are also vital to America's future progress and security. The physics textbook came off Laziness rather than vicious-Bess and maliciousness is a major threat to our democratic way of life.

Because many are too lazy to keep what they have, it crowds the divorce court docket. A child, pedalling home on his onlighted bike after dark, is by a car. Another takes what doesn't belong to him. A third neaks puffs on a cigaret. And off to one side is a gang, about to get into trouble or whispering about the facts and fallacies of life.

All of them are the victims of irresponsibility, of How many cases in court are lost by lazy lawyers? How many patients are the victims of lazy doctors? How many stores totter toward bankruptcy because of -lazy merchants? There is no way of telling, any more than one can gauge the degree of laziness that inspires the drive to shorter hours, to lower production, and spiral-ing wages. Nations rise, grow contented, get, lazy and die. It is a pattern. Privileges that were once worth fighting for, that inspired armies to battle and to die. are taken for granted and treated with indifference.

Take Tuesday How many will be too lazy to 0 to the polls to vote on the 25 amendments to the Alabama Constitution? And how many, having gone to the will have bothered even to read the captions on a synopsis of these amendments? Look at them: The most debated amendment In the 25 is No. is one that empowers the Legislature to abolish Macon County should the Leais-lature fee! such a move necessary to prevent a topheavy Negro majority from taking over political control of the county. Amendments No. 2, 4 and 5 seek okay on the issuance of bonds for construction and improvement purposes at the Alabama Institute for Deaf and Blind at Talladega, for the University of Alabama Medical Center in Birmingham, and for Alabama Polytechnic In- stitute at Auburn, in that order Nos. 2, 4 and 5.

Low, No Interest Amendments No. 3 and 6 would change the interest rates on bonds already approved by the voters of Alabama. By the time these one issue for construction and improvement at Alabama State Hospitals and Partlow State School for Mental Deficients and the other for financing the con- atruction and equipping hospitals, health centers, tuberculosis sana- toriums and related medical fa- cilitie.s within the state, were ap- no investors were interest-; ed in buying them at the interest fixed by the voter. So it is necessary either to revise the in- terest rate upward or forget about the whole thing. In Amendment No.

1 the state feeks to keep pace with the development of our water highways lrj Alabama. It would approve bonds not exceeding S10.000.0oo for the construction of docks and other "improvements and facilities in aid of commerce and the use of the state's waterways." For Indigents Amendment No. 10 would em power the Legislature to author- I ize the use of special county hos- pital taxes for providing care and treatment for indigents. And Amendment No. 11 would relieve towns of under 6,000 pop- ulation of their indebtedness ceiling where money was needed for atreet or sidewalk improvements, and in school construction.

Amendments No. 7 (for Mobile), '13 (Marion, and 14 (Bullock) are local measures seeking approval for further improvement expenditures. Nos. 8 (Cleburne), 9 Russell), 15. Tallapoosa 15 (Colbert, and 17 (Butler), seek approval on spe cial taxes for improvements, each gubject to approval by the voters of those counties.

Wages for Fees Amendment No. 19 would prohibit all municipalities in Walker Counter from levying a tax on salaries or wages, while Amendments No. 12, 20. 21, 22, and 23 would displace the fee systems In Walker, DeKalb, Madison, Colbert, and Cullman Counties. Amendment No.

24 would authorize salary changes in Dallas. All are subject to Legislative approval. And finally. Amendment No. 25, would authorize the Legislature td "fix, alter, and regulate costs and charses of courts in Montgom ery County, and the method of i IN CIVIL DEFENSE New Developments Help On Complacency WAGNON will, in a crisis, depend basically upon the alertness and cooperation of the individual citizen.

Making the average person conscious of the necessity for CD work is one of the major responsibilities of experts in the field, and in this realm CD officials feel that Russia's developments have been a timely help. By JUDY Russia's newest developments In modern weapons found the nationwide network of Civil Defense organizations already well underway in a safety program, with Alabama leading the field in preparedness. However, Civil Defense leaders are anxious to emphasize that all the groundwork planning By DICK HIXES If the present interest of students in earth satellites and guided missiles is any indication, Montgomery schools will furnish their quota of badly rreeded scientists in the coming years. Science teachers here are making every effort to meet the enthusiasm of their pupils by making available the latest, information on techniques related to nuclear physics and space travel. The teachers are also unanimous in their belief that scientific subjects have become increasingly popular since the Russians successfully launched the first earth satellite a few weeks ago and that more students seem to be seriously considering the pursuit of a scientific career.

Dr. Fred Allison, head of the physics and matematics department at Huntingdon College and a physics teacher, said the advent of the Sputnik Age had a "very pronounced" affect on his students. "In fact." he said, "because of their enthusiastic interest in the subject. I occupied a day or two in phyc-cs just on discussing satellites and the conditions which the Russians had to meet in launching one." Four students are majoring in physics. said, whereas normally only about one or two would major in this subject in a college the size of Huntingdon (750 enrollment).

Two new physics sections were added last year. One, "Modern Physics." is taught in the spring and the other, nuclear physics, is taught in the fall. Six students are now enrolled in the nuclear physics class, which is taught at night since some of the students are from Maxwell Air Force Base. Dr. Allison said he believes one or two of the students will decide to become nuclear physicists.

"Nuclear physics has a great attraction for young people," the professor said. "It is just bursting into fruition and offers challenge and opportunity." Dr. Allison said Huntingdon and every other college in the country is being called upon "as never before" to produce the trained personnel for scientific work necessary to national security. Huntingdon, he said, will strive to do its part. The world-shaking news of the first Russian satellite sparked an intense interest in the subject among high school students, teachers here report.

They say pupils are eager to learn everything possible about the Soviet successes and that lively classroom discussions have resulted. Miss Susie Green, head of the science department at Sidney Lanier High School," says that three students in physics are interested in pursuing studies of missiles and space travel and have indicated that they would like to enter Massachusetts Institute of Technology if they can meet MITs rigid standards for entrance. Up-to-date text books are being used in science classes at Lanier, Miss Green said, but even so, developments are taking place so fast that the books alone are not adequate for current needs. The Sputniks are aiding the CD battle complacency and procrastination among thi? citizenry, and are thereby aiding CD's efforts to be more effective in case of a more serious battle. Leaders in CD maintain, however, that Sputnik is not flying proof that we have entered the age of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles and rocketry warfare.

Danger of the perfection of such modern weapons is imminent, but our present greatest hazard is attack by long-range bombers and submarines. But the CD organization, with Alabama out in front, is alert to all new developments and is keeping pace with them by building onto th already established strong safety foundation built up by years of preparation. These are the views of six CD experts, meeting in conference here last week. Present for the discussion were Pitt Tyson Maner, state director of CD; Paul R. Brunson, assistant director; Price McLemore, city and county director; Howard Folts, director of the state Survival Study Plan; Frank Stanley, head of the Survival Study Plan for the Southeast region, and Major J.

M. Stryker, coordinator between the Ground Observer Corps and CD. Here is a round-up of answers the group gave to questions regarding the safety of the nation, state, and city in the event of enemy attack: Q. What machinery is being provided to keep governmental agencies operating? A. The Survival Study Plan, organized by local people the aid of federal funds, outlines a workable program to maintain the operation of governmental agencies by planning the action to be taken by every employe.

chiefs plan procedure for their own groups with the coordiation of the state director. Q. Does Alabama have such a plan? A. Alabama is the first among Southeastern states to compile their plan, signed recently by Gov. Folsom.

which was begun two years ago. The plan is considered an example to be followed by other states, and Maner and Folts have been invited to a top-level conference in Battle Creek to outline the plan to officials of the Federal Civil Defense Administration. Montgomery itself is recognized as a leader among cities, with departmental employes taking training courses to enable them to carry out their jobs in an emergency and keep important city functions operating Q. What will the average citizen do in case of an enemy attack? A. First, follow CD instructions through the governmental agencies and listen for radio reports.

If there is danger of radiation fallout from a bomb dropped nearby, citizens will be asked to stay in the safest room of their homes or other buildings. In case of direct attack on the city, residents will be expected to evacuate ia an orderly manner. Q. Will we have advance warning of an attack? A Advance warning is almost positive. The country's detection system is thought to be 100 per cent effective against attack from any side.

The city's air raid sirens and special CD radio frequency will be opeating to warn the citizenry. Q. What are Montgomery's chances of being bombed? A. Experts feel that Montgomery's greatest danger would be radiation fallout from the bombing of other cities. However.

Montgomery is among the nine "target areas" in Alabama. Q. How well prepared, in the realm of CD, is A'abama? A. Now 43 of the 67 counties are organized with working CD groups, but the aim is to bring in all remaining counties. Volunteers are desperately needed in every city and county, since the ultimate effectiveness of CD is grass-roots cooperation.

Q. What machinery is CD providing which will be useful in the event of an emergency? A. CD has at its disposal millions of dollars worth of "surplus, property" provided by the government, including emergency lighting facilities, complete hospitals which can be set up in a short time, road machinery, medicines, and numerous other items which prove invaluable. Alabama itself has received more of this surplus property than any other state in the Southeast. Already, Alabama has five complete emergency hosnitals ready for use.

Q. is the connection brtween the Ground Observer Corns and Civil Defense? A. The Ground Observer Corps is an integral part of the country's detection system, with 300 on posts. 6,000 trained volunteers, and the best observation facilities. Alabama has two of the finest filter centers in the country to gather and coordinate information from observation posts The system is one phase of the safety measures which will insure advance warning of an enemy attack, along with the complete radar network which surrounds the country.

Q. At this stage, is CD's primary work preparedness for a possible enemy attack? A Warfare is only one of the emergencies in which the CD mechanism is valuable. Natural disasters bring in CD staff members and volunteers to provide whatever aid is necessary. Victims of floods, fires, train wrecks and other tragedies are daily receiving CD help in manpower and equipment. Q.

What effect have the Sputniks and announcements by Russia of developments In mis-iles had on CD planning? A CD was not caught off guard by recent developments, since groundwork planning for aa enemy attack has been underway for years. A stepped-up program to keep pace with developments is a constant CD aim. CD officials are continuing to meet danger with preparedness. A 1 1 i lPl I 1' .3 I i I disbursing such receipts. It has to do with a court library, which other leading counties have, and which is paid for out of court fees.

Both of Montgomery's circuit judges are for Amendment No. 25. Now that you have it, make op your own mind and vote. CITY GOVERNMENT WORKS WITH CIVIL DEFENSE Examples of the close cooperation between governmental agencies and Civil Defense, a group of city employes who have taken CD training courses inspect some of the equipment which would be utilized in case of enemy attack. Left to right are Police Lt.

D. H. Lackey; Lcnora Aaron, secretary for Montgomery's CD organization; Pete Hay, of the engineering department; N. T. Mallory, assistant fire chief in the division of training, and B.

B. Meriwether, engineer in the Water Works and Sanitary Sewer Board. Staff photo by Paal Znkoski.