The Ithaca Journal from Ithaca, New York • Page 24

24 ITHACA JOURNAL Thursday, March 7, 1985 Ancient Alexandria: Much will stay hidden A AM' i Ait Ens'. To. 1 1 Lebanese, Israeli troops clash BEIRUT, Lebanon (AP) Lebanese and Israeli soldiers exchanged tank and gunfire on the edge of Israel's occupation zone in southern Lebanon today, and the Israelis pulled back after a two-hour battle, the Lebanese army command said. In Tel Aviv, Israel, military sources said the Lebanese soldiers fired first and the Israelis returned lire. "In response to a question, military sources confirm thai a force of the Lebanese Army opened fire to- ward an IDF (Israeli Defense orce) patrol in the area of the village of Kawthariet as-Sayad.

IDF forces returned fire. At the moment the area is quiet," said a statement read in English over the telephone by a member of the Israeli military spokesman's staff. Kawthariet as-Sayad is just outside the Israeli front line in South Lebanon. Israeli forces advanced behind a screen of tank fire on Kawthariet Assayad, and Lebanese army units responded "with all available weapons," said an army statement released in Beirut. Lebanese soldiers maintain their closest positions to the Israeli occupation force at Kawthariet Assayad.

At least 25 Israeli lank shells hit the village, and several houses were the army said. The Lebanese repori made no mention of military or civilian casualties. The Lebanese army statement said Israeli helicopters were hovering over Kawthariet Assayad, and the Christian-controlled Voice of Lebanon radio said the helicopters were directing Israeli tank fire on Lebanese positions. However, the army said that after two hours of fighting, the Israelis ithdrew to iheir lines in the village of Sharkiyeh, about 1 miles awav. The remains of a Roman theater, uncovered by archeologists level several feet below the modern city (background).

anything they find," Fahmy said in an interview. Workers digging foundations commonly find Greek and Roman antiques. Youssef Mufid El-Gheril-ly, director general of Alexandria's Greco-Roman Museum, said minor finds are brought in regularly to be restored and displayed in the museum. Limited archaeological expeditions have uncovered the main part of a Roman theater, built of white marble and dating from the second century. The theater, open to the public, is about 12 feet below ground level.

Alexander the Great, the Macedonian general, founded and designed Alexandria in 331 B.C. Attracted by its golden sands overlooking the Mediterranean's blue waters, he made Alexandria the cosmopolitan capital of his empire as it spread from Greece and Cyprus through Egypt, Syria, Palestine, Persia and part of Asia Minor. Although he loved Alexandria, he spent little time there before going to further conquests. Alexandria was built near the remains of an ancient Egyptian village called Rhakotis, which dated from 1,300 B.C. Fahmy said Alexandria's importance fluctuated, depending on its rulers.

Through the centuries, it has been ruled by Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Turks, Frenchmen, Britons and finally Egyptians. It has been inhabited continuously and today, with about 3 million residents, is among Egypt's most popular summer resorts. Nearing the end of Roman rule over Alexandria, around the fourth century, the city experienced several earthquakes that historians say caused the level of the land to drop by several yards and raised the sea level, burying or submerging parts of the city. Fishermen have found the remains of a Roman palace close to By DALIA BALIGH ALEXANDRIA, Egypt (AP) -The center of the known world of more than 2,000 years ago is buried under modern Alexandria and possibly will remain hidden there forever. It is the Alexandria founded by Alexander the Great.

"It's not feasible to pull down the city," said Kamal Fahmy of Egypt's Antiquities Authority, explaining why the Egyptian government hasn't tried to find the wonders of Alexander's times. They lie under the concrete roadways and buildings of today's Alexandria, Egypt's second largest city and a favorite summer resort. Fahmy, director of the Alexandria region for the government-run authority, and other archaeologists say that the handful of relics so far discovered have turned up mainly by chance. A car fell through the ground on a crowded city street early this century, and people who climbed into the hole found a three-story Roman tomb consisting of 300 units sculpted from solid rock in catacomb fashion. In a busy shopping area in 1976, a street caved in and part of ancient Alexandria's water and sewage system was discovered.

A few years ago, soldiers laying foundations for army housing overlooking the Mediterranean found an "important" Roman tomb dating from the second or third century. Numerous statues, vases and jewelry were found inside. Despite the happenstance way in which relics of ancient Alexandria have been found, the Antiquities Authority have established ground rules to give luck a hand. "What we do is have an antiquities expert on the spot to oversee any digging going on in and around Alexandria, whether for buildings or utilities, so that we can protect the shore line, in an area very close to the spot where the famed Pharos Lighthouse, one of the wonders of the ancient world, stood from 270 B.C. to the I Sth century.

"The modern Alexandria is built on top of the ancient Alexandria," said the Greco-Roman Museum's El-Gherilly. "Around 90 percent of the ancient city remains buried and undiscovered, including Alexander the Great's tomb and the tombs of Canada acts to reduce acid rain-causing emissions all the Ptolemys who ruled after him." After Alexander died, his empire was divided among his generals. Egypt went to Ptolemy. The Ptolemys' rule extended from 325 B.C. to 51 B.C., when Cleopatra became queen.

After Cleopatra, Alexandria fell to the slowly sank into obscurity, used mainly as a farm to The initiative gives Conservative Prime Minister Brian Mulroney fresh ammunition for his March 17-18 meeting with President Reagan in Quebec City. Canada contends that 50 percent of the acid rain falling in this country originates in the United States. It has been trying for years lo persuade the American government to agree to an expensive joint control program. OTTAWA (AP) Canada has announced plans to cut acid rain-causing emissions in half by 1994, with stricter controls on automobile pollutants and the spending of S2I3 million over 10 years to curb sulfur dioxide pollution. "This is the most ambitious environmental control program this country has ever put forward," En-vironmeni Minister Suzanne Blais-Circnier told a news conference Wednesday.

A Associated Pre. In Alexandria, Egypt, stands at a teed Rome. It remained unimportant throughout Roman, Arab and Turkish times but finally re-emerged in the early 19th century when the Albanian leader Mohammed Ali, founder of modern Egypt, made it his capital. "Alexandria has gone through lots of different historical periods, sometimes glorified, sometimes not, but it has survived and will continue to do so, Fahmy said. The Reagan administration says more research is needed to prove thai the costly controls would be effective.

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