The Philadelphia Inquirer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania • Page 8

a a THE PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER, TUESDAY, AUGUST 15, 1882. COOLLY PLANNED, DISCLOSURES ABOUT HILGERT. On the Alert Against an Arrest-His Change of Raiment -Evidence That He Patronized the Gaming Table. For more than a week before his flight, it is now conclusively established, Charles M. Hilgert feared that his gigantic would be discovered, for he would not venture home, after leaving the club where he spent his earnings, without having a carriage drive up to his door.

Upon leaving the club, at Thirteenth and Walnut streets, he would call a carriage, and tell the driver to proceed to his residence, on West Green street, while he would himself take a horse car. The same carriage and driver having been called several nights in suecession, the drive. entured to protest, respectfully, that he was not rendering any service, 88 he drove his empty carriage to Hilgert's house, and was then dismissed. Hilgert replied: "That does not concern you. If I do not care to ride in your carriage that is my business.

I pay you, and that is all you need care about." Hilgert's object in thus using the carriag can only be inferred. It is probable that he desired to use it for a double purpose. In the first place the carriage would serve as a decoy to draw the fire of any deputy sheriff, detec tive, constable or other officer who might be watching near his residence with a warrant for him; and, in the second place, would be extremely convenient in case a precipitate flight were found necessary on warnings received at home or elsewhere. la any case, this new development proves that the fugitive forger was fully aware of the desperate chances he was taking, and was coolly preparing, as best he could, against surprises. It is known among those in the sugar trade that Hilgert did not pay much attention to his regular business for several months past, and for some four or five months past, it is said, he never went near the refinery.

The manufacture of acceptances, it seems, monopolized all his spare time. Concerning the astonishing success with which he met in getting these cashed, there is a difference of opinion as to whether there was not enough in of the features to put those whom he victimized on their guard. Speaking on this subject a well-known banker said yesterday to an INQUIRER reporter: "I noticed the president of one of the banks quoted in your columns as saying that his bank would have taken $50,000 worth of Hilgert's paper had it been offered, and that any bank or banker would have been taken in in the same way. I have no doubt that if Hilgert had been aware of that a little sooner he would have accommodated that bank cheerfully. But there was one thing about his acceptances that should have made anybody suspicious, and that was that he made them all payable in his own office, whether they were on firms in Boston, Baltimore, Pittsburg, Detroit or wherever else.

One of the parties who took did notice this, and remarked to him that it would be better to have them made payable at his bank, it not at the office or bank of the accepting firm, and Hilgert courteously observed that the suggestion was certainly worthy of consideration, 'There are in financial and business circles in this city men who suspected Hilgert, not simply weeks, but months ago, and would have no transactions with him." No part of the absconding swindler's scheme of wholesale fraud WAS more infamous than that which left his sister-in-law, the widow of the late Peter Hilgert, penniless, as spoken of in these columns yesterday. Perhaps at his own instance there was inserted in the will of Peter Hilgert, whose personal estate was valued at $40,000, a clause saying: "I do not desire that my said trustee, Charles M. Hilgert, shall be required to give any security or bonds for the faithful performance of the trust mentioned in this will, as I have entire and perfect confidence in his honor and integrity." In addition to the direct loss she met with by being defrauded out of the estate left her by ber busband the widow is being deluged with bills that had been referred to Charles M. Hilgert, in accordance with his own instructions, for payment out of the proceeds of the estate. It has been a matter of certainty that Hilger: either met with very heavy outside losses or else that be took away with him correspondingly large proportion of the proceeds of hi forgeries.

That he patronized the gaming table is now made pretty certain, as a check of his drawn to the order of a well-known gam bler yesterday reacbed one of the nationa banks. The check was for $600, CENTRAL AMERICA. Short Crops in Nicaragua -Guatemalan Affairs. PANAMA, August 5 -The great scarcity of corn is causing serious trouble in Nicaragua. The dryness of the season threatens to create a famine.

The decease is announced of Senor Don Ignacio Barrios, father of the President of Guatemala. General Orantes, acting President of Guatemala, received Mr. C. Hall, United States minister to Central America, on July 25. Don Rafael Montufar, Sub-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, accompanied Mr.

Hall from his hotel to the palace, where he was received with the customary honors. Mr. Hall, on presenting his credentials, made a speech in Spanish, in which he expressed the friendly wishes of the United States for the well-being of the Central States, and their desire that the present intimate relations should be continued. Dr. A.

B. Jaurequi, the Minister for Foreign Affairs, made in reply a complimentary speech, and the proceedings terminated. The Gaceta Oficial of Nicaragua congratulates the Republic on the fact that Salvador and Guatemala have agreed to join Honduras and Nicaragua in considering the four States as one postal territory. Costa Rica has been asked to join this convention, and should it do so postal communication throughout Central America will be much facilitated. Mining Stocks.

SAN FRANCISCO, August closing prices of mining stocks: Alta, 13-32; Belcher, 11-32; Best Belcher, Bodie, California, 3-16; Chollar, 29-32; Con. Virginia, 13-32; Crown Point, 9-16; Eureka Gould Curry, Grand Prize, 7-16; Hale Norcross, 27-39; Manhattan, Martin White, Mexican, Mono, 21-32; Noonday, 13-16; Northern Belle, Ophir, Oro, 8-16; Potosi, 7-16; Savage, 11-16; Sierra Nevada, Silver King, 14: Union Yellow Jacket, Navajo, Scorpion, 9-16. The Mosel. LONDON, August Liverpool Salvage Association has accepted the responsibility of endeavoring to float the Mosel. The tug Knight Templar is alongside the steamer, and the tug Knight Commander is hourly expected.

Four divers have arrived at the wreck, and a strenuous attempt to float the steamer will be made to-morrow. Jesse Hoyt, a New York Merchant. NEW YORK, August Hoyt, one of the leading grain and flour dealers in this city, died at bis residence on Forty-eighth street early this morning, after an illness of five months. Hoyt was born in New York, March 12, 1815, At the age of seventeen he commenced his business life as a clerk in the wholesale grocery house of C. L.

Dennison Co. 0a reaching his majority he became a member of the firm. He continued in the grocery business until 1838, when he entered the flour and grain commission business with his father, James M. Hoyt. When his father died, in 1854, he reorganized the firm under the name of Jesse Hoyt Co.

He took an active part in the business of this firm for almost thirty years, and only retired from it five months ago, when ill health overtook him. While engaged in the grain trade Mr. Hoyt took a deep interest in all matters connected with the development of the West. His first investment there was in the year 1851, when he bought large tracts of lumber land in the Saginaw Valley in Michigan. In connection with this he was largely interested in the building of the Flint and Pere Marquette Railroad.

He also helped to build the Winona and St. Peter Railroad, which now belongs to he Chicago and Northwestern road. He was furthermore instrumental in building the Milwaukee and Northern Railroad, and the Wisconsin, Michigan, Ontonagon aud Brule River Railroad, from Milwaukee up to Like Superior. At the time of his death Mr. Hoyt was a director of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.

He also was active in the building of grain elevators in Milwaukee and Jersey City, and in various enterprises in New York. -ED. INQUIRER. Amimikince, a Good Indian. OBITUARY.

CHICAGO, August 14-Amimikince, or "Little Thunder," a chief of the Chippewa Indians, who with some of his tribe have been exhibiting their Indian dances, on the lake front, died this morning at Mercy Hospital, where he was taken yesterday to be treated for kidney troubles. He was over sixty years of age, and 8 good Indian. He was one of the two survivors of the Custer massacre, he and a teamster having narrowly escaped from the Sioux. His body will be conveyed to Red Lake, for burial, Obituary Notes. At New Orleans Emile Lasere, prominent in State politics before the war, and who was editor of the Louisiana Courier, member of Congress and sheriff of New Orleans, is dead.

He was eighty years of age. At Providence, R. John E. Bradford, hotel manager, died yesterday. He was for a long time connected with hotels at Green Cove Springs, and Thomasville, Ga.

James Tisdale, of Hartford, whose death at Buzzard's Bay, is announced, was assistant librarian of the House of Representatives, at Washington, from 1864 to 1867, and librarian from 1867 to 1872. His mother is living at Hartford at the age of 94. Colonel John H. Brant, one of the wealthiest citizens of Harrisburg, died last evening of paralysis. Watertown, N.

John C. Mather, 8 well and successful Democratic politician of Western New York, died yesterday, aged 69 years. ALASKA. Suicide of the Russian Archbishop. SAN FRANCISCO, August Alaska Commercial Company's steamer St.

Paul, which arrived here to- day from St. Michael's, brings intelligence of the death, undoubtedly suicidal, of Archbishop Nestor, of the Russian Church. The reverend gentleman, who had charge of the Diocese of Alaska, took passage on the St. Paul for this city, which was his permanent place of residence. He was missed shortly after leaving St.

Michael's, and circumstances clearly indicated that he had jumped overboard. He had been troubled for some time past with rush of blood to the head, and had appeared at times not quite of sound mind. He was fifty-six years old. YELLOW FEVER. Quarantine Against Mexican Ports Established.

GALVESTON, Texas, August News' Austin special says: "The Governor has proclaimed quarantine against Mexican ports, and authorized the counties on the Rio Grande and exposed points to declare local quarantine." Twelve New Cases in Brownsville. BROWNSVILLE, Texas, August 14. There were twelve new cases yellow fever to-day, ten Mexicans and two Americans. There was one death, that of a Mexican. There were six deaths in Matamoras from the fever.

The disease is spreading among the poor of this city, though it is not so malignant as in Mata moras. The weather continues cioudy. Mail service will be resumed to all parts of the country to-morrow. suicides in Illinois. PRINCETON, August morning Charles Harris visited Miss Belle Mercer, to whom he had been affianced, and, because she refused to be reconciled, he went out and hanged himself.

This evening C. A. Wetton, auditor of the Des Moines and Fort Dodge Railroad Company, blew his brains out while an officer was reading a warrant for his arrest on a charge of bigamy. Last April he married here Miss Eva Gross. The allegation is that he had a wife and child in Brooklyn.

Rumors that he had five or six wives are afloat. Robbery and Murder. EVANSVILLE, August further investigation into the murder of the Wieber family shows that robbery was committed in connection with it. A watch, two pistols, two pocket books and some money were taken. The tracks of two men have been traced from Weber's house to the river's bank, Early Sunday morning two negroes were seen rowing rapidly down the stream.

It is believed they were hired to do the deed. They have been followed down the river by detectives for a distance of forty miles. Didn't Like His Voice. NEW YORK, August J. and C.

Morris, guests at Avon Beach Hotel, L. were annoyed at the singing of Mr. Henry Hyman, the basso of Dr. Armitage's Church. A quarrel ensued, and the Morris boys stabbed Mr.

Hyman and his friend, A. M. Clute, inflicting wounds on the neck. Senator Hill's Condition, WASHINGTON, August telegram from Senator Brown was received at the Capitol today announcing that Senator Ben Hill would probably not live through the day. CONDENSED.

Extracts from the Miscellaneous Telegraphic Despatches. At Newark, N. John Morris, aged eightyeight, in a fit of temporary aberration of mind, walked out of a third-story window, Sunday night, and was fatally injured. A resident of Lambertville, N. known as "Governor" Williams, who, it is said, is worth $50,000, shot himself Sunday and died yesterday.

He is said to have been deranged. Aaron Gresso, a prominent farmer near Laketon, who was implicitly trusted by his neighbors, has absconded, leaving behind him creditors to whom he owes $6000, one of them being his mother. Joseph Jones, of Becond avenue, New York, yesterday fell through the hatchway in the brewery, corner of Fifty-seventh street and the East and was instantly killed. The steamer Ashburne, from New Orleans for Havre, is aground in South Pass, outside the channel. John F.

McCurtin has been elected principal chief of the Choctaw Nation, beating Benjamin F. Smallwood, the anti-railroad candidate, by a large majority. The election was very exciting, but there was no blood shed. At Chicago Smith looking glass frame factory was totally destroyed by fire yesterday. From Western New York the wheat crop is generally reported at a higher average than has been known before for many years.

The yield runs from 30 to 40 bushels per acre. Mrs. Bushee and Miss Minnie Raynor, of Ausable Forks, were thrown from a wagon down an embankment near Keeseville, yesterday. Mrs. Bushee was instantly killed, and Miss Raynor badly injured.

At Cohoes, N. the Harmony Mills have lost ground. The Ogden, Strong and No. 2 Mills were unable to start their wheels yesterday. In No.

1 Mill the weavers were reduced 10 three in number, and at the Mastodon Mill coly two spinners reported. The Kansas corn crop, according to the statement of the secretary the State Board of Agriculture, continues in a favorable condition. The Kansas oat crop is the heaviest ever known, and is all safe. Mrs. James Conners, who was struck on the head with a carpenter's square by her husband, at Providence, died yesterday.

Conners surrendered himself. At Lancaster, Mary, daughter of Scott P. Lytle, aged twenty-one months, was fatally burned on Saturday night by her clothes catching fire from a candle. She died yesterday. At Harrisburg, a charter was issued at the State Department yesterday to the Foster Coal Company, for the purpose of mining coal and other minerals in Fayette county.

At Williamsport, a little son of J. F. Grieninger, sexton of Williamsport Cemetery, was instantly killed yesterday by a tombstone falling upon him. At Hammond, the large slaughtering establishment of G. H.

Hammond Co. has been burned. The loss is estimated at $100,000. At Winfield, the burning of the flouring mill of Bliss Wood on Sunday involves a loss of $50,000. As the mill has been shut down several days for repairs the origin of the fire is unknown.

The Passumpsic Railroad depot and woodsheds at the Thetford and Lyme Station, together with Heaton's store, were burned on Sunday. At New Brunswick, N. William Vanzandt's barn and out four hors43, sixteen tons of hay, and a quantity of grain, were burned yesterday. A colored girl whom he had discharged started the fire for revenge. At Waterbury, delegates to the Vermont Greenback Convention, which meets today, were arriving yesterday from different parts of the State.

The State Committee is now in session. It is not certain whether the nominee lee for Governor will be C. F. Clough or M. O.

Heath. A fight is imminent between the troops of the Ameer, of Afghanistan and those of the Meer Maimund. At Ottowa, two more Northwest land companies bave been incorporated. The Grand Trunk Railway has made arrangements in conjunction with the Canada Atlantic Railway run a train via Coteau Landing from Montreal to Ottawa in three hours. At Bellport, L.

yesterday, Mrs. Jane Gould, an aged lady, who has hitherto exhibited symptoms of insanity, attempted suicide by taking Paris green. Her recovery is doubtful. At Akron, Ohio, the flouring mill of Philo Chamber lin was burned yesterday. As it was not running it is supposed to have beon fired by tramps.

The hop crop of New York, it thought, will not exceed 93,000 bales, of 280 pounds each, and the 30,000 out of 40,000 acres under cultivation will not yield over 365 pounds to the acre. Information has been received at the Post Office Department that Iospector Booth has arrested Thomas G. Hayden, assistant postmaster at Talladega, on a charge of rifling regstered letters. At Saratoga, N. Judge William Schley, of New York, formerly of Savannah, died suddenly at the United States Hotel yesterday.

Judge William M. Levy, of the Louisiana State Court, died at the Pitney House, Saratoga, yesterday. Base ball yesterday: At Pittsburg ghany, 14; Baltimore, 1. Troy-Detroit, Troy, 0 At New York -Cleveland, 11; Metropolitan, 5. At Reading -Atlantics, of Canada, 8: Actives, 5.

General Manager Wheeler, General Superintendent Mellen, General Freight Agent Goddard and General Passenger Agent White, of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, arel Chicago, and very much elated at the out ook. They say that there is more traffic now in sight than the road will be able to move in the next eight months. Gleanings from Foreign Fields. 'At' Matamoras, Mexico, there were two new cases and eight deaths from yellow fever in twenty-four hours ending at eight P. M.

on the 13th. Heavy thunder and rain squalls are prevailing. The Kingston and Pembroke (Ont.) Railroad laborers struck for per dav, but have returned to work for 15 cents per day less than they receiving previous to the strike. The Canadian Minister of Customs proposes to get over the grain shortage difficulty by 8c- cepting the affidavits of captains of vessels that the bulk has not been broken between the place of shipment and that of destination. The ex- King of the Zulus, Cetewayo, has arrived at Osborne.

It is rumored that the Queen, at the interview to be granted him, will inform him of the decision of her government to restore him to his kingdom. The Stevedores. A meeting of the bosses was held yesterday with a view to forming a protective organization to take charge of the general interests of all. The subject was discuesed at and 8 committee was appointed to look conlength. stitution of the New York societies and see it it could be made applicable in this latitude.

Little faith was expressed in any good results from the meeting to take place to-day at the Maritime Exchange. Taxing Standard Oil. August 14 -The property of Oil Company at Hunter's Point this year at $623,000, as against year. ARRIVAL OF STEAMERS. NEW YORK, the Standard is assessed $198,900 last Gallia, at Liverpool.

Herder, at New York, from Hamburg. St. Germain, at Havre, from New York. Iowa, at Liverpool, from Boston. City of Rome, at Liverpool.

from New York. Assyria, at London, from New York. Surrey, at Amsterdam, from New York. A SAD CASE. Two Dead Children Lying in the Room With the Family.

A distressing case has just come to light among the poverty-stricken inhabitants of the southern section of the city. Two or three weeks ago there came to this city from New York a family of Russian Jews named Brolinsky. They were emigrants, not refugees, and found a home (if it may be so called) in a tenement house on Bainbridge street, above Third. Here their means allowed them to secure one room, and only one. Their furniture consisted of two or three chairs, an old stove, a table and a sewing machine.

They had not a bed to sleep on; but at night lay down on the floorfather, mother and five children, there to rest as best they might till morning. The husband is a tailor, and the small amount he was able to earn from time to time by doing such jobs as he could obtain constituted the sole support of his family. These, unfortunately, were few and for between. Day after day the poor fellow sallied forth in quest of work, and too often was he compelled to return at night empty-banded to his suffering family. He and his wife manifestly do not belong to that class of the poor that make their privations known by loud and importunate applications to as many charitable institutions and organizations as will listen to them, and after that to the general public.

They proved their worthiness by the patience and courage with which they struggled on against unmerciful disaster, hoping for better things. Unhappily their near future had still darker trials and deeper sorrows in store for them. Up to their arrival in this city the family, whatever had been their poverty and privation, had kept together, and bad been spared to each other, but the time was at hand when this was no longer to be. Last week one of the children, the baby, was taken ill. Scanty food, hot weather and bad air had done their work.

Ignorant of the language: without funds; with no money to buy medicine, or means to afford the little sufferer so much a8 change of air, poor Brolineky and his weeping wife had to see their little one sink from day to day, feeling that they were powerless to help it, till on Friday last, the short, sharp struggle ended, and the little moaning voice was still. And even this was not the end. While the baby was dying another child, four or five years of age, sickened from the same causes. By this time the distress of the family had enlisted the sympathies of their neighbors, and application was made in their behalf to the Jewish Relief Society. The managers promptly responded, doing whatever was necessary for the immediate wants of the family, and despatching a physician to the bedside of the sick child.

Prompt as the assistance was the babe had died before help came, and the second child taken ill was so far gone when the physician first heard of the case that it was found impossible to save its life. The statement of the doctor is that both children died of inanition, which, being interpreted, means nearly the same as starvation. Across a court yard, up a dark and rickety stairway, a reporter made his way to this scene of sorrow, and found the two little corpses stretched side by side In the one room that was the group. sole Due dwelling provision place of will the no doubt diminished be family made by friendly hands for the interment of the bodies of the children. THE FIRST BULL RUN.

Jubal Early Writes a Letter Again tradicting an Old Story. General Jubal A. Early has written 8 letter from Lynchburg, to a Baltimore paper, in relation to a recently revived story to the effect that "at the first battle of Manassas, when he (General Early), mistaking the Federal troops for Confederates, ordered a captain to cease firing, saying they were friends, the captain replied, 'General, they may be your friends, but they are not "The facts on which the story was based are these: When I approached the field of battle, after a burried march of several miles, I received orders from General Johnston in person to move my brigade to the extreme left of our line and attack the enemy on his right flank. As I neared the left a messenger came to me in a gallop from General (then Colonel) Stuartwho was on that flank with two companies of cavalry and a battery of artillery, which latter was firing into the enemy's right and holding in check-with the request that I would hurry up, as he thought the enemy would soon be in retreat. This was the first word of couragement I had received after I reached the vicinity of the battle field, and I told the messenger to tell Colonel Stuart that my men were marching 88 fast AS it was possible them to move.

He soon returned with the information that Colonel Stuart said he was mistaken: that the enemy had merely moved back behind a ridge, which he pointed out for the purpose of making a new flank movement, and with the caution to be on my guard. I had by this time cleared our 1 left and reached a field confronting the ridge mentioned, which is known in the reports of the battle as the ridge on which Chinn'a house is situated. A8 my brigade moved up, marching by flank, I saw the enemy's skirmishers appear on the ridge in my front. The regiments were successively formed into line as they came up, the Seventh Virginia being in front and forming my right. As I came up I had seen one of Elzey's regimente, which constituted our left before my arrival, move from a piece of woods to the front through an open space into another piece of woods.

After the Seventh Virginia had been formed I rode to superintend the formation of the other regiments, and while so engaged I discovered the Seventh Virginia moving obliquely toward the woods in which Elzey' regiment was, and tiring in that direction. immediately galloped to the front of it and ordered it to halt, at the same time telling the regiment that those were our friends in the woods, and that there was the enemy, pointing to the troops that had appeared on the ridge in our front. The regiment did halt and did cease firing in the direction of Elzey's men, and no captain or any one else made any such reply as reported. My appearance in front of the regiment attracted upon me the fire of the enemy, and as I rode from it to the other regiments the fire followed me. I will observe here that the enemy's troops immediately confronting me were armed with long-range muskets or rifles, while my command had nothing but smoothbore muskets, which could not reach the enemy as we were then situated, so that the firing on our part, 1 far as my command WAS concerned, was simply a waste of ammunition.

Both Generals Johnston and Beauregard have attributed the turning of the tide of battle to the movement of my brigade against the right; but I must say that, while the enemy's troops did retire on my advance, it was not the result of any damage done them, but of a panic which seized them." The Weather in Philadelphia. Annexed is the report of observations at the Signal Office in this city for yesterday, August 14, 1882: TIME. Therm'r. Relative Humid'ty. Direction Wind.

Velocity of Wind. Rain 8 ow, State 6 Weather, 6 8. 30 06 N. Clear. 11:07 a.

30-06 82 E. Fair. 8:07 p. 30:00 88 48 S. W.

Clear. 7:07 p. 82 62 8. W. 6 Clear.

11 07 p. 30:03 76 S. 02 Clear. Mean Barometer. 30:03 Max.

Temperature. 88 Mean Thermometer.793 Min. INQUIRER OFFICE, August 15-2 A.M.-Therm. 9. CUSTOMS AND DUTIES.

How They Were Levied in Ancient TimesOrigin of the Tariff, This is the way that Capt. John Codman whistled up the courage of the New York Free Trade Club the other night: So far as can be discovered the Tyrians and Phoenicians encouraged absolute free trade. Solomon and Hiram made a treaty of commerce and navigation to their united advantage without any restrictions whatever. The Athenians, about 450 years B. assessed 8 moderate ad valorem duty of two per cent.

on all importations, beside which they had an internal revenue tax. The Romans had a tariff for import and export of two and a half per besides one of internal revenue; moreover, they had a system of bonded warehouses. In the era of Augustus the yearly income from these sources was not far from 000. When the purchasing power of money at that time is calculated this would equal perhaps $1,000,000,000 in our day. There is said to be in existence in some European library a copy of an old Roman tariff comprising 2500 articles on its list, which must have been promulgated after the ad valorem system to which I have referred, as the duties are many of them specific.

McCullough says that at one period this duty was equivalent to twenty per cent. on corn and most other merchandise. In the Jewish days of independence we find no record of import duties, although when Palestine became 8 Roman province the Roman tariff was probably put in force. Church historians say that Matthew, someimes called Levi, was collector at the port of Capernaum, an office doubtless of less account ban a collectorship in these days. It might have been reward for assistance in running be political machine.

But it probably had not hen been discovered that the custom house exsted for such purposes. At all events, it was 8 profitable position, as Levi was able "to make a great feast in his own house." It 18 further worthy of remark that he sent in his resignation on the day that. he embraced Christianity. The career of St. Paul WAS nautical, as well as evangelical, and it is therefore surprising that in his eventful history we find nothing that throws any light on this subject.

He was a tentmaker by trade; but nothing is said of the duck that he used -if it was imported from Egypt or Tyre, or if it was the domestic production of the Jordan or Kedron mills. In all bis adventures on the sea we do not find that the captains of the ships in which he sailed were obliged to clear or enter at custom houses; to pay tonnage or lighthouse dues, three months' wages to discharged seamen, or fees to consular sharks, nor is there the slightest hint that the Roman, the Greek, the Tyrian, or the Jew were prevented from buying their ships wherever they pleased. Coming down nearer to modern times, we discover the origin of the word "tariff." On the coast of Spain, just inside the Straits of Gibraltar, there is an island called Tarifa. When the Moors had possession of the Peninsula they established a very energetic custom house force upon it. The scale of revenue was discretionary with the collector.

All formalities of entering and clearing were dispensed with. Every vessel passing through the straits, in either direction, was brought to and robbed to the prudent extent of not absolutely preventing the captain from undertaking another voyage. It he delivered up fifteen per cent. of his cargo, or paid its equivalent in money, he was allowed to go in peace. It he proved recalcitrant, and was then captured, the duties were collected on a sliding scale -he was made to walk the plank, and his vessel and cargo were confiscated.

Generally, however, no resistance WAS offered. When the vessel arrived at the port of discharge her owners assessed the loss on the purchasers of the goods, and the result was pretty much as it is in our day. A great many people had to pay for what a small number of people got. This sort of duty collection ran all through the middle ages, a gad deterioration from the practice the more enlightened Greeks and Romans of antiquity. The feudal barons on the Raine obtained their revenues in this summary way, which always reverted on the people.

But remember that all this time, whether duties were collected regularly or irregularly, the tariff was a tariff for revenue only. It was not until the reign of Charles that the greatest of all robberies commenced to be perpetrated on the people, under the guise of of "protecting home industry," the meaning which phrase ever since it was adopted until this day has been the industry of a few men in accumulating a fortune at the expense of the many, and at the lowest wages they can force the laboring men to take. Charles had an inventive genius. He invented the slave trade, inquisition the protective tariff. In the seventeenth century Colbert, the able minister of Louis XIV, having by a liberal policy greatly benefited French commerce, in an evil day resolved to imitate Charlet and went still further, arriving at actual prohibition, an end sought by some of our protectionist, whose policy, it they could carry it out, would correspond with Aristotle's idea, which Charles and Colbert imbibed- -sell everything and buy nothing.

THE BICYCLE. Little Lay Sermon on Wheels. If I am asked for my text, 1 refer to EzeLiel's vision; only whereas the prophet beheld the spirit of the living creature in the wheels, in the vision from which I shall preach the living creature appears on the wheels. The bicycle is too common both in city and village to peed any description; but its capabilities of travel and its value as a means of exercise seem to be very little understood except by riders themselves. To be sure, the fast times and long distances heralded in the papers have been made by professional or expert wheelmen: but the fact remains that the ordinary bicyclist can easily outdo the ordinary horse, and moreover, notwithstanding the popular opinion that the exercise is confined chiefly to the legs, or is excessive and apt to be injurious, it is also a fact that it is the best, most complete, most exhilarating, and thoroughly enjoyable exercise that can be found.

Evea horseback riding, hitherto holding the front rank among recreations for the literary and sedentary classes, must yield the palm to the swift and silent wheel. A spin on the bicycle brings every muscle of the body into healthful and vigorous action. The arms and chest muscles are brought into play quite as much as the legs, and this, together with the deep, full breathing caused by the exercise, tends to develop and strengthen the lungs. The position naturally assumed is erect, with head and shoulders well thrown back. Then the exhilaration of the rapid motion, the alternate exertion in ascending hills and rest in descending, and the new and distant localities which the rider is enabled to explore, even in a run of an hour or two, render the fascination complete, and take the thoughts off from the anxieties and worries of the day, thus refreshing mind as well as body.

This is not mere theorizing, but the daily experience of thousands. In view of all this, why should not the ministry as well as others enjoy these benetits? While the bicycle was new in this country, and on its trial, so to speak, it was wise and proper tor clergymen to withhold their patronage, lest they should offend sensitive souls in their congregations. But now that it has achieved for itslf a position, has won public and legal recognition as a vehicle, and is used by business and professional men, as well as by boys and sports, there is no longer any valid reason why clergymen should not avail themselves of its advantages; Some few have already done so, and many more would find the wheel an incalculable benefit could they be induced to try it. It is said that one of the ladies at Saratoga occasionally appears in a dress that cost ten thousand dollars. ST.

CECILIA'S OWN. The Last Earthly Anthem of Louise Gubert. "I Know That My Redeemer Liveth." A telegram from Wheeling, West Virginia, of Thursday's date says: Bister Mary Agnes Gubert, the famous soprano of Mount Du Chantal, was quietly buried this afternoon in the cemetery near the college. There was probably no nun living in retirement from the world so widely known and 80 warmly loved as she. Twenty-five years ago Miss Gubert, in the blush of her early maidenhood, came from Philadelphia and entered the novitiate of the Sisters of the Visitation, then settled at the convent in this city.

Said the Mother Superior in charge of the school this afternoon after the funeral: "It is seldom that the tongue of common fame invades the quiet halls of a convent, and never was there a singer to whom fame came less welcome than to Sister Mary Agnes. Her gentle nature seemed to blush at the high encomiums heaped upon her singing, and her soul was frequently harassed with fear lest the adulation should woo her heart to the love of earthly things. Her nature, as her countenance, was gentle, and she was happy in singing when it gratified her friends or added to the reputation of the institution. "She brought to the sisterhood no broken heart, but came to holy vows in the brightest years of her life, and from the time of her coming to her death lived her peacefnl lite contented and bappy. She was loved by all her pupils, whom she attracted here from all parts of the country, and not less by her sisters in he order.

For a year or more she had been breatened with paralysis, and has refrained rom all but the lighter duties of ber position. The highest medical skill of the city was secured, but without avail. Finally her throat was attacked. "When the wonderful, pure soprano notes hat bad entranced and delighted so many failed come with her endeavor she gave up almost all hope of living beyond a few months, gayng, 'If my work were not concluded I would not 80 have been smitten in the one talent that was given For several years her voice had been used with the greatest consideration, and she only sang upon special occasions. Her last public performance was when a number of members of the last Legislature visited her.

Her health was then greatly impared, and she was urged not to sing, but she said, in her kindly way, that it was a pity to disappoint those who bad come out on purpose to hear her sing, and going to the piano sang for them her favorite bymn, 'I know that my Redeemer "The first notes of the song as they came weakly from the throat that had always added new beauty to the hymn before seemed a requiem to the ears of those who had been accustomed to the full resonance of her voice. As she sang, bowever, she seemed to be imbued with the spirit of bygone days, and sang the last lines of the hymn with a fervor and tone that none who heard that last song will forget. It was in the evening, and the room was unlighted except by the fire, but when the last notes of the hymn died away and the sweet singer leaned forward exhausted upon the piano, the room seemed filled with warmth and light. After that evening she sang no more, except in the privacy of her own room, where she frequently gave voice to her favorite hymns until her voice grew weaker as her health failed." DR. RADWAY'S Sarsaparillas Resolvent.

The Great Blood Purifler, FOR THE CURE OF CHRONIC DISEASE, SCROFULA, HEREDITARY OR CONTAGIOUS, BE IT SEATED IN THE Lungs or Stomach, Skin or Bones, Flesh or Nerves. CORRUPTING SOLIDS AND VITIATING THE FLUIDS. Chronic Rheumatism, Scrofula, Glandular Swelling, Hacking Dry Cough, Cancerous Affections, Bleeding of the Lungs, Dyspepsia, Water Brash, Tic Doloreux, White Swellings, Tumors, Ulcers, Skin and Hip Diseases, Mercurial Diseases, Female Gout, Dropsy, Salt Rheum, Bronchitis, Consumption, Liver Complaint, Kidney and Bladder Complaints, Gravel, Diabetes, Dropsy, Bright's Disease, minuria, and in all cases where there are brick dust deposits and pain in the small of the back. Sold by Druggists. PRICE ONE DOLLAR.

One bottle contains more of the active principles of Medicine than any other preparation. Taken in teaspconful doses, while other require five or six times as much, R. R. R. DYSENTERY, CHOLERA MORBU8, FEVER AND AGUE.

CURED AND PREVENTED. BY RADWAY'S READY RELIEF. RHEUMATISM, NEURALGIA, DIPHTHERIA INFLUENZA, DIFFICULT BREATHING." RELIEVED IN A FEW MINUTES By Radway's Ready Relief. BOWEL COMPLAINTS. Looseness Cholera Morbus, or painful discharges from the bowels are stopped in fifteen or twenty minutes by taking Radway's Ready Relief.

No congestion or inflammation, no weakness or lassitude, will follow the use of the R. R. Re lie ACHES AND PAINS. For headache, whether sick or nervous; nervousne88 sad sleeplessness, rheumatism, lumbago, pains and weakness in the back, spine or kidneys; pains around the liver, pleurisy, swelling of the joints, pains in the bowels, heartburn and pains of all kinds, Radway's Ready Relief will afford immediate ease, and its continued use for a few days effects a permanent cure. Price, 50 CENTS.

Dr. Radwav's Regulating Pills. Perfectly tasteless, elegantly coated, for the cure of all disorders of the stomach, liver, bowels, kidneys, bladder, nervous diseases, headache, constipation, indigestion, dyspepsia, biliousness, bilious fever, and all derangements of the internal viscera. Warranted to effect a positive cure. PRICE, 25 CENTS PER BOX.

Sold by Druggiste. DR. RADWAY No. 32 Warren Street, N. Y.

TO THE PUBLIC. There can be no better guarantee of the value of Dr. RADWAY'8 old established R. R. R.

Remedies than the base and worthless imitations of them, 88 there are False Resolvents, Reliefs and Pills. Be sure and ask for Radway's, and see that the name "Radway" is on what vou buv. PAPER WAREHOUSE. A. G.

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