Corpus Christi Caller-Times from Corpus Christi, Texas • 20

ft THURSDAY MAY 6 1965 Hb DJETITIEIIBS From Onr Headers MCXICO Should Be Exempt Viel flam Policy Critics Hit From Tourist Buying Bill Editor the Caller: Americans in the past have traditionally supported the decisions and actions of their President during time of national crisis Today there appears to be a strange silence concerning the firm course of action that our country is taking in Viet Nam Perhaps this is because even the themselves are divided as to whether or not we really have any business in Involving ourselves In the affaire of other countries There seems to be substantial leeway for compromise on this subject A compromise is certainly indicated Surely we have not yet reached the conclusion for all the fiscal woes that face it that the UN no longer serves a valid purpose in this world of diversity beset by so many more important problems World-Girdling Television May Help Unite Mankind No one who watched that first Early Bird television broadcast in which events as diverse as a heart operation in Texas and a May festival in Germany were shown in quick sequence could doubt that here was a marvellous advance in the science of communication Potentially the broadcast heralded an even greater advance in an art that depends on this the art of making diverse peoples aware that in the most vital matters affecting the welfare of humanity they are all of one kind To put it in another way the broadcast was a reminder that we are indeed all brothers under the skin And when the Early Bird system is expanded to take in Asia and Africa as well as Europe and America the reminder will have even greater impact For it is going to become increasingly evident that men and women and children in all parts of the world are in most essentials alike The concept that each nation and ethnic group must forever go its own way on guard against others and hostile to unifying change will become less and less credible No one supposes that everything relayed across continents and oceans by the Early Bird satellite will be dedicated to this noble end Much that is trivial and doubtless some that is just plain awful will doubtless be transmitted both ways by this electronic marvel Yet even trivial and bad programs may however unintentionally enforce the feeling of universal kinship Spot coverage of news events in all parts of the world should heighten that feeling Early Bird and its for there is no doubt that this is only a beginning do much hopefully to unite mankind Compromise Is Necessary On UN Financial Crisis There has been no hint to date that the dispute over assessments by the United Nations for Operations" has been compromised The dispute mainly between the United States on one hand and Russia and France on the other over UN activities In the Congo and elsewhere created paralysis in the last session which adjourned without taking any worthwhile action The controversy arose over the interpretation of Article 10 of the UN Charter by which members may lose their vote in the Assembly for failure to pay assessments Members looked down two different roads very carefully and did not like what they saw at the end One road led to the expulsion of Russia and France and perhaps with the breakup of the UN The other led to the loss of any disciplinary power over members Having no stomach for either the UN adjourned to think things over Sen George Aiken of Vermont shrewdly placed his finger on the cause for the paralysis arising from peacekeeping dues in arrears when he said: "The United States now recognizes that if it were in the position of the Russians or the French it would probably react in the same way (the United States) is unwilling and unable to force the United Nations to abide by Article 39 (because it) is not willing to have Article 19 applied to itself when its vital Interests are involved" What is wrong is that in a present membership of 114 diverse nations a two-thirds vote can be obtained from nations which represent only 10 per cent of the population of UN members and contribute less than 5 per cent of its budget The real issue as Aiken expressed it the readjustment of power and influence between the greater powers and the lesser nations rath-rr than a struggle between the Soviet bloc and the The United States says Russia owes the UN a certain sum The Russians deny they owe such a sum JAMES RESTOS Valley Congressman Eligio de la Garza is right in urging that Canada and Mexico be exempt from the Johnson anti-gold drain bill on tourist purchasing The bill would reduce from $100 to $50 the duty-free goods that American tourists may bring back from foreign lands De la Garza's and interest of course relates to the Mexican part of the North American exemption he urges the House Ways and Means Committee to write into the bill Our national and particularly that of would be hurt more than it would be helped by discouraging US tourist purchasing in Mexico The US tourist trade spells the difference between deficit and surplus in international balance of payments And if we hurt the Mexican economy we are likely to find ourselves sending out more dollars in aid than we save in trade Furthermore Mexico spends most of its dollar earnings in the United States What our tourists spend in Mexico largely comes back to the US to buy things Mexico needs for its economic development and social progress Mexico is one of the United States' top foreign-trade customers so it would not help our dollar strength to curtail Mexico's purchasing power In Texas especially in the long thriving border area the US and Mexican economies are closely interrelated and interdependent The extensive trans border retail trade is mutually beneficial It should be encouraged not discouraged Finally we should avoid any action that would move Mexico 1o restrict its nationals' spending in the United about $250 million a year including some $180 million in border area retail trade If we penalize Mexico's tourist trade we should not be surprised if Mexico should retaliate in to our mutual detriment The Mexico and Canada exemptions urged by De la Garza consequently are in our opinion fully justified I wholeheartedly support our recent actions both in Viet Nam and the Dominican Republic and offer the foL lowing reasons: 1 Withdrawal from these areas wpuld be equal to delivering these nations into slavery The Reds stand ready and willing to fill the vacuum 2 Positive action on our part demonstrates to the world that we are a responsible nation concerned with the freedom of people It tells the Communist camp that we are willing to pay the price necessary to see that justice exists so that nations have an honest opportunity to govern themselves 3 Japan and West Germany are excellent examples and prove that free people can prosper if they have an opportunity and their freedom Is not devoured by an evil system that Is Communistic DAN WILLIAMS Political Slant in CroMworrl Puzzle Editor the Caller: This last Sunday I turned to page 4E of your splendid Sunday edition to launch my weekly attack on your crossword puzzle Little did I know that in the course of solving it I would be required to compromise some of my deepest political convictions No matter how I tried to avoid it the solution to fourteen down a four letter word defining turned out to be R-E-D-S In disbelief I committed the unpardonable sin of the crossword puzzle addict and glanced at the Johnson Abruptly Gianges Use of Power in Cold War It is not clear whether this represents a carefully calculated change of emphasis or merely a series of personal Johnsonian responses to increased Communist pressures But there is at least a change of emphasis He has gone back to the Monroe Doctrine in dealing with the uprising in the Dominican Republic The basic principle ef the Organization of American States is that state or group of states has the right to intervene directly or indirectly for any reason whatever in the internal or external affairs of any other state The foregoing principal prohibits not only armed force but also any other form of interference or attempted threat against the personality of the state or against its political economic or cultural After a year of disappointing efforts to get effective cooperation from the allies however the President acted first end consulted later on reports that he faced another Communist conquest in the Caribbean Moreover President Johnson'! long comments on the Vietnamese crisis Tuesday indicates that the Johnson Doctrine is to apply the Monroe Doctrine not only in this hemisphere but in other parts of the world threatened by Communist power The Communist aim in Viet Nam he said to show that the commitment is worthless Once that is done the gates are down and the road la open to expansion and endless conquest There are those WASHINGTON The change In the fortunes of the Johnson administration is startling At the beginning of the new term less than four months ago it was concentrating on the home front and now it is back in the ruck of the cold war From the war on poverty to the war in Viet Nam from the Alliance for Progress to the Marines in the Dominican Republic from common action and collective security to unilateral military force this has been the melancholy direction of events in the last 120 days So swift has been this transformation that it is necessary to pause and review the scene At the beginning of the year the President was determined not to go north in Viet Nam but went His principal hope was to concentrate on the development of the Great Society but he was diverted His formula for unifying the alliance was common consultation and if possible common action on common problems but now he is carrying greater burdens with les help from the allies than ever before The Johnson way is changing the use of American power to a Significant degree He is using military power faster now He Is still limiting his retaliatory military moves hut he now seems more ready to go it alone than in the first year of his presidency Iat year he talked a lot about bring Viet Nam to help the Vietnamese help themselves now he is treating Viet Nam as a vital national interest to be defended at any cost 3W' rw IT TIME WE BOUGHT A MATTRESS WALTER LIPPMANN who ask why this responsibility should be ours The answer is simple There is no one else who can do the job This goes a step or two beyond the Truman Doctrino Truman agreed that the US could not allow changes in the status quo by coercion or subterfuge but emphasized that the aid should be in concert with others and should be primarily financial and economic Johnson seems to be saying that the US must take on the burden alone if necessary This is a bold and may be a realistic appraisal of the problem but It is a somber prospect and the nation should be dear about what it implies The ad-ministraton's emphasis has now shifted from a revolutionary situation to a military situation and from collective action by the allies to unilateral military action if necessary by the US The trend la Viet Nam moreover is shifting toward larger commitments ofAmerlcan ground troops and while the offer of a negotiated settlement remains the political commitment to fight the battle out to an honorable settlement if necessary is stronger than ever This impression may be misleading because the President is now talking off the cuff on these delicate matters but the more he talks the more he is obliged to make bis actions fit his words and to respond even more to whatever tactics and strategy the Communists use against him As he says the pare of Communist activity is increasing They have the power to create disorder not only in Viet Nam and in Santo Domingo but In many other places In fact Johnson told the congressional leaders that his intelligence reports Indicated the likelihood of another uprising in another place this week but he didn't Bay where If this Is what wo are facing the need is not going to he fur less emphasis on common action by the allies to meet the rommnn danger but for more for the Johnson Doctrine if carried out could require more Marines than the President has under his command Haw York Tmm Hum lyki Corpus Oiristi Caller Spheres of Influence Seen As Basic to World Order solution printed upside down at the bottom of the page No two ways about it were being uncompromisingly defined as I've read dozens of newspapers in nearly every state of the Union in a dozen foreign countries and In several different languages seen editorial slants mirrored In headlines news stories columns cartoons advertising even the funnies But this is my first experience with the use of the crossword puzzle as a means of foisting political views upon the unwary and In this case the helpless You have succeeded in maneuvering your crossword customers into either completing the puzzle and abandoning their principles or ruining their Sunday in order to uphold them For shame! RICK LUTZ Training Required for Teaching Editor the Caller: One of the best laughs that has come into my home came as a result of a letter published in your paper April 29 I am referring to the self-revelation signed The author quoted Oscar Wilde as saying who can do those who can't teach To prove this is tru today he uses himself as an example If be is as he implies one of those can" one must ask why he is not doing? And If he is one of those can't" why has he not been able to find a teaching position? Wilde's statement may have come dose to being true when It was written but things have changed In day one could teach If he had only a high school education Today a degree is a must This degree must consist of from 36 to 48 semester hours in one's major subject area 24 hours of education and an additional 24 hours in each teaching field While the teacher is taking 24 hours of how to teach the nonteacher is taking electives It fa true we joke about education departments We also joke about our government our jobs and even our wives This does not mean we want to do away with them If wishes to teach in the public schools let him prepare himself as he would if he wanted to be a doctor a lawyer or even a cab driver There are requirements And if he wishes to cleanse himself of (lie leprosv of no teaching certificate let him first cleanse himself of the complex that makes him condemn the world for his failure and then go back to school To the Ray High junior to whom his letter was directed let us both lhank God for a system which has kept at least one can't" from teaching CHARLES VATKR (Reevillr) Nonunion Plant Operation Praised Editor the Caller: Having read in your letters column the subject and Against Labor it behooves me to reflect through same on one of the many cases I encountered during my 48 years experience in the tabor and management relations field During this period I transacted business with many industrial plants some of them having organized tabor and others nonunion Under both systems plants operated efficiently However several nonunion operated plants Impressed me the most because they operated more profitable to employes and more advantageous to management I wss particularly Impressed by the efficient manner hi which tne nonunion Falfurrias carbon black plant was in operation for more than 14 years This plant had efficient management It had team work good working conditions and good empioyes-management relations The employes wages and fringe benefits were among the highest in that area The employes actually saved thousands of dollars during the period the plant operated as they paid no dues of any kind EMPLOYER-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS COUNSELOR (RET) Union Member Satisfied Editnr the Caller: Mr Smith after I got nut of high school I around" for about five years on various jobs all nonunion I have been paid anywhere from to 9130 an hour barely enough to live on Most nr my former employers could care less if I had shoes lo work In or a lundi to eat If we were mistreated worked extra hours for no pay harassed for more production snd generally treated as lowly as some form of animal we had no one to turn to Where were we to turn? Complain? To whom may I ask? I have hern in a local labor union nines last August For the first time in my life I have something to look forward to I am making more money right now is a second six-months apprentice than I did on my last job as a foreman My boss doesn't hate to pay a decent living wage He likes In see young men get started and get ahead In life lie pays money nut of nls own pocket In send me to school to further teach nte my trade Mr Smith in closing I have one solution for you Go In Ijirrdn and gel a full for yourself Take the dollar-an-hour wnges and try to live on them As for me I am satisfied right where I am DEWEY RAKER TM radar arroamaa Nllm ana IH ranaaii Ltflari imhI feaat Ma rllar i MiaaMia ana aamaii tm Htaatihraliaa oHIl kapt raanaaahal a raqiml Aaaaymaai MHar ill mi ha mM Mart uonaP lallKi fea Rivoa motor an ro anp Ma npftt ratanrap api Mari Mr Imn aap ftaMMiM Rraprmr TNI SOIIOI r- sphere of influence of the United Stales and that it is normal not abnormal for a great power to Insist that within Its sphere of influence no other great power shall exercise hostile military and political force Since we emerged from isolation in the beginning of this century American foreign policy has been bedeviled by the ulnpian fallacy that because this is one world special spheres of influence ere an in-herent evi and obsolete As a mailer ef fart experience must soon verify the truth that spheres of influence are fundamental In the very nature of international society They are as much a fact of life as are birth and death Great powers will resist the invasion of their spheres of Influence The Soviet Union did thnt In Hungary France did it recently in Gabon the British have always done It when the Ijiw Countries were attacked the United Slates has done it In the Dominican Republic Recognition of spheres of Influence Ja a true alternative to globalism It is the alternative to Communist globalism which proclaims a universal revolution It Is the alternative to anticommunist glotalfam which promises In fight snll-Cnmmu-nlst wars everywhere The nccritanre of siiheres of Influence has been the diplomatic foundation of the delude In Kiiros liPlwcen I lie Soviet Union and the Weal Eventually will provide I he formula of rnevlsloncp helwecn Red China and the United Sintra TM Wwhmaton PmI Cl On the other hand while the Bosch restoration has been halted the way Is still open to the return of the party which won the 1903 elections By acting and decisively the ident has kept the way open as otherwise It might well have been closed forever Is there in the Dominican Republic something between the corrupt and cruel dictatorship of Trujillo and a Communist dictatorship like which would be far to the left of President Bosch? If President Johnson working with the OAS can help the Dominicans find that something in between it will be a bright day for the American republics We must net think Is Im- Klble to do this Mexico has the middle way We must start from the basic fact that what we have done Is literally forbidden by Article 15 of the charter of the state or group of Mates has the right to Intervene directly nr Indirectly for any reason whatever In the Internal or external affairs of any other elate" How then can we defend and justify ourselves? Shall we do It on the ground that the United Staten Is the global policeman appointed to atop communism everywhere? After such a plea the best we could hox for even from our best friends is that they will smile milulgenlly at our Innocent arlf-rlghliHHisnPss The other ground which Is the one I take Is the old fashioned and dasslral diplomatic ground that the Dominican Republic lies aqua rely within the The crucial point- hi the Dominican affair la that the decision to rescue Americans and other foreigners became almost Immediately a decision also to top the rebellion The disorders said the President on Sunday evening a popular democratic revolution committed to democracy and social The purpose of the revolution was to restore the duly elected president Juan Bosch who had been deposed in 1MI by reactionary military forces seven months after taking office the revolutionary movement took a tragic A number of Communists trained in Cuba increav ing control Many of the original leaders of the rebellion the followers of ITesIdent Bosch took refuge in foreign embassies because they had been superseded by other evil forces and the secretary general of the rebel government Martinex Francisco appealed for a ceasefire But he was Ignored The revolution was now in other and dangerous hands" la the atale of emergeary there was no time for a thorough Investigation of all the facts ITesIdent Johnson took his decision to halt the rebellion on what it seems to me was the right ground It was that If the Communists in the revolutionary forces took over the government the result would lie for all piscti-cal purKises Irreversible There would never he another election while they were in power in Santo Domingo By SULZBERGER During (he 21 years slace World War II the United States has elaborated several foreign policy and the nub of his latest speech may yet be known as the Johnson D'lcrine The Johnson Doctrine is simply that any country can have any kind of revolution It wants but if such occurs in the Americas and has as its aim action'' is called for For read Such a flat commitment resembles other regional commitments made under the highly successful Truman Doctrine which Cmiectrd Greece and Turkey and the highly unsuccessful Risen-nwer Doctrine which failed to line up the Arabs with us against the Soviet Union There is no fundamental difference between the policies regionally expressed in the Truman Eisenhower and Jonnson Doc trines All relate to a philosophical pledge made by President Truman on March 12 194 when he told Congress: must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed ml-nnriiies or by outside pressures" The trouble comes when broad concepts are abandoned Truman didn't endorse ideological holy wan His promise indeed would tie equally valid against aggressive fascism as against aggressive communism Today It would apply as well to tnrei ened Malaysia as to threatened South Viet Nam The Johnson Doctrine rephrases with unnecessary ideological exactitude previous US policy for Latin America It errs by limiting Its application to dictatorship'' and by specifying action" Current events in the Dnmnl-t an Kepubk indicate how hard it Is to ascertain that a revolution Is indeed Communist led and also how hard II Is to muster swift hemispheric aciion Presidential riminiics beg trouble if they are loo narrowly precise The US essentially wants to protect its own vital in-if rests and to safeguard global iieare when possible by limiting or preventing any kind of aggression The Charter gives sufficient just if nation for such an approach: there is no reason to embarrass future US actions by being needlessly icifie a YeS Timaa Smi t- Lftarar SMaPway pnP Tartpa Vraaf WM Chriitl Tmm fey TM CwMrtTniH Pi tS1 Cp fewPav (SIMM TM Caraut CaOtrT1ma 11 Marta PuW Ohor Mia jKllM UMltMMMaa MW GOMrt liiMiMM Momoar Jam ItaiMnya MtMpim eiiar at Ilia Aaaariatop Pratt TM AitanotoP pro ft a-littaa wcluiiaaiy la IM iita tar pufeiiratian at aft laral aawi print art Nii naw-Moat at Pali at aM Aft nawi aftpatrhat lUltCPIPTlON RATM MAIL Paris Mnrmna ayaninq tut ltd pay IT mMltit 11 a aionlht I'l I man Ml I month 1 11 itall-r ar Timatl ana lunPar IT manlht til I maaiht I'O I inanint I nrnnih 1 II Daily lln'lot a Timatl IT nwnlM I'l a month a man'M VI I manth i tunaay amy II imnint 1 VI a mnnlht i moon itw parts ay tap PiTPi tanar anily ant tiaiftay IV a moon Timaa pan np feanaay IV a oaa marninR avtnlnR ana fewaaay Mi poo.