The Weekly Telegram from Eau Claire, Wisconsin • Page 4

THE TELE (SlIA'M IUV LA 1 i Tv .1 CO I assessments, and claimed the courts were mure honest agents of appoint WASHINGTON NgWS AND NOTES. strumr demand on two points: first, the adoption of the gold Blander und second, the destruction of the "endless hain." It would not surprise me if the House would pass its iiuan-cinl bill by the first of January. You can assure the Board of Trade that I am for non.est money and the gold standard. Yours very trolr, bfcfore it, en 1 that confijJ.lu shall at 12 o'clock noon on Tuesday, the Tilth day of June', 1000. The Republican lectors cf the sey-eial states, the District of Columbia and the territories and all other electors without regard to past political affiliations, who believe in.

the principles oi the Republican party and endorse its policies, are cordially iavited to unite under this call in the selec "Necessity Knows No Law." But a la.w cf Nature bows to the necessity of keeping the blood pure so that the entire system shall be strong, healthy and vigorous. To taJie Hoof SdrssLparSU, the great blood purifier, is therefore a laivof health a.nd it is a. necessity in nearly every household. It never disappoints. Blood Disorders "My stepdaughter and I have both been troubled greatly 'with blood disorders and stomach troubles, and several bottles "of Hood's Sarsaparilla fyave been of great benefit." James F.

Thompson, Wilmington, Ohio. Jons J. risen. Our laws when in process of creation are too often hacked out of a lot of rough blocks of language with dull axes of several sizes, the result being much distress to the layman who wants to know what the law is. This seems to have been the case in regard to some enactments by the last legislature, The English language ithe rionest spoken by mau as to vocao- ulary and lacks nothing in facilities for precise definition, aud the manner in which it is ill-treated in vital employ ments thereof like construction of legal enactments is nothing less than an outrage.

General Joseph Wheeler is proposed for the vice-presidency by the Pioneer Press. The suggestion is weighty and wcrth the attention of the Republican party. Gen. Charles King is made a brigadier general in the regular army. Lee, Grant, J.

II. Wilson, Wheeler, Chaffee, S. B. M. Young, Ovenahine, Hale, Funs- ton and others receive the same grade.

A Tribute to Gen. Lawton. Gen. King," who commanded a bri gade in Gen. Law ton's division up to June last, was much disturbed upon hearing of the death of his former com mander.

Gen. KiDg, in a Milwaukee pays a glowing tribute to the dead general in the following words: The death of Gen. Lawton is a ca lamity, yet one that I have been in ments and would remove the temptation of Dolitios. and the courts could enforce where elective assessors are lax, he hardly scored bis point. Dr.

E. R. Buckley, geologist in charge of economio geology in thestate survey and a member of the city council of Madison, presented a paper on Avail able Street Materials for Wisconsin Cities, in which he described the materials to be found in Wisconsin for good roads and (said that in his opinion with the exception of the business streets, macadam, properly constructed out of the right kind of rock, was the future pavement for Wisconsin cities. On the whole, it does not appear that there is ground for hope of great things from the League, although there is no doubt that the organization provides the machinery for a definite movement of some kind, ENGLAND'S DARKEST HOUR. It is fair to presume the British gen erals in South, Africa have now learned enough of the enemy with whom they are dealing so that with the exercise of more caution they would -be able, if given to make progress towards better results.

The aext ad vance by a British general with the ex- White and Buller it would naturally be expected would be preceded by the usual military methods of ascertaining what and where the enemy is and where he is likely to be encountered. The Shatter method or turning- an Army loose against an untried foe, en trenched at that, and leaving brigade and regimental commanders to find out at the critical moment the factors of-the military problem and do the business individually, operated successfully "witbr American soldiers, but it seems to be quite another thing with the British. As to the appointment of Baron Roberts of Kandahar and Waterford to the supreme command in South Africa, with Lord Kitchener as chief of staff.it is to be expected that Baron Roberts will begin if he can-where- Buller and the other generals left off and profit by the liberal education in Boer secured by them up to the present time. It could easily happen that the brilliant general "who-crushed "Ayoob Kahnmlphtnot find himself to a ve been qualified by his achievements to undertake a far different task in South Africa. And yery sad as well as stem is the duty which calls England's famous general to the cape for his son, a gallant officer who fell in the field of honor.

THE HOUSE FINANCIAL BILL, H. NUMBER ONE," "a bill to define and fix the standard of value, to maintain the parity of all forms of money issued or coined by the United States, and for other purposes," passed the' House of Representatives to-day. When' this measure or its substance or one of the same kind becomes a law, i dread of ever sine--he- of Mississippi river; irriga THE TELEGRAM TELEORAM HjbLisHin.0 COMPANY, EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN. WM, WELCH, Editor. EARLE WELCH, liuMiiPsa TEBWS OF 8U15SCK1PTION.

DAILY, One Yuar in Advance DAILY, Six Mouth in Advanco. 2.50 DAILY, Ter Week, By Carrier .10 WEEKLY, One Year iu Advance 1.00 ADVERTISING RATES -Made known on application. JOB PBINT1NQ, la the best "tyle, at reasonable prices. Lawyers' printing a specialty. The Telegram is entered at the postollice as tecond-clasi matter.

Wisconsin Telcpnono No, 1205. EAU CLAIRE, DEC. 21, 1S09. A MERRY CHRISTHAS! The Weekly Telegram extends to all the customary greetings of the joyous season, and wishes all to whom these presents may come A Merjry Christ mas." May stockings be heavy "and hearts light, and the cheer of Christ "mas send "its'genial "Influence far into the new year which is at hand. LAWTON5 DEATH.

In the death of Major Genera) Henry Lawton, who has "fallen at San Mateo, the republic loses one of Us ablest soldiers, an officer who had won distinction by native talent, and force of character7Thenewsf-his-deatb received this afternoon' is a painful shock. 1 REPRESENTATIVE ESCH. Representative Each of the Seventh Wisconsin district has been assigned by Speaker -Henderson to the-com mittee on military affairs and to the committee on public lands. The mill tary-affairs committee has the most new memberships, six Republicans and three Democrats. It is remarked in Washington dis patches that the speaker is preserving the time-honored custom as to old members, leaving them to their old chairmanships and places, and gradually advancing them -as vacancies occur.

MUNICIPAL "REPRESENTATIVES." The Oshkosh Daily Northwestern remarks: "In spite of the daily pro' clamation of Cassias M. Paine calling for resolute men and asking' the hosts of opposition to be at the killing; and in spite of the vigorous war waged by The Sentinel, The News, and some of the other 1 papers of Milwaukee, the "commonj council of that city has passea ineTstreeFTariway oruraanceto-- which insures its final passaged The ordinance enlarges the street railway J. I i petual In for a four "cent fare an hour in the morning and an hour in the evening, and some concessions which are to go into vogue some time in the next century. -There is no doubt that public opinion is strongly against the passage of the ordinance, and the vote of the council only shows what little effect public sentiment has upon such legislative bodies." Quite so. If public sentiment had any effect on some members of some i.

councils they would certainly show it. "Cut; a peculiarity of t.hn council system is that while councils spend the money of the taxpayers nnrl clranwav frnnnriieoe ha oMavmnn The Evening Wisconsin wires that the Wisconsin members try to look pleasant over their committee ftssftfn-ments, but there is an undercurrent of dissatisfaction. For a delegation which gave Mr. Henderson's speakership boom its first impetus the Badger members do not appear to have got a great deal more than they had in the last Congress. Aside from the chairmanship on District of Columbia, which Mr, Dabcock did not want and tried to get rid of, the state has but one chairmanship insular affairs and to get that Mr.

Cooper had to sac rifice his place on rivers and harbors. The speaker gave further evidence that he was not influenced by campaign obligations when he bestowed eight chairmanships upon Illinois, which had supported Hopkins. Mr. Minor was quite hopeful of re- ceiTinga chairmanship and is not con soled by an assignment to the pensions committee, which means an immense amount of drudgery. The committee on war claims is one of the worst in the whole list and there are members "who will not serve upon it.

Mr. Otjen has given four years of service en that committee, and the speaker made a special request that the Milwaukee member continue on that committee. Mr. Esch, all things considered, does better than any other man in the dele gation, for in the first year of his ser vice he is assigned to military affairs and public lands. The isconsin members are assign ed as follows: Cooper Insular affairs, chairman Barney Appropriations; patents.

Jenkins Judiciary; levees and im- tion of arid lands Minor--Mercbant marine and fish eries; invalid pensions. Davidson- Rivers and harbors; rail wa and canals. Baboock District of Columbia, chairman; census, insular affairs. Esch Military affairs; publio lands. Stewart lands; public build Ings and grounds.

Otjen Coinage, weights and mea finvaa mat nlnlmdi Airicin rf rha Inma bkam. var ai uaiuioj i isiuu uu? anno Dahle Agriculture; expenditures in department of agriculture, Divide Western Judicial District. Representative Jenkins has Intro- duced a bill to divide the Western judi cial district Into a northern and south ern division. Thd northern division is to include the counties of Ashland, Bayfield, Barron, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Washburn and brace all other counties In the western district. The bill provides for regular terms of the circuit and district court to be held at Superior the third Tues day of June iu each THE NATIONAL CONVENTION.

-WiSHiXoxrDTCe(v21'hefoU lowing call for the next Republican convention bai been issued To the Republican Electors of the United States la accordance with -es tablished custom and in obedience to instructions of the national convention of 1890, the National Republican com inittee directs that a national conven tion of delegated representatives of the Republican party be held at the city of Philadelphia in the state cf Pennsylvania for the purpose of nominating candidates for president and yice president, to be voted for at the presidential eleciioo, Tuesday, Nov. 1900, and for the transaction of such irhnr hncinoBtj aq rflV prPfly- -Come Think of a -iwoman bein sick and en ferins si years when Eher might have been well all that timet Think of her taking the treatment of four doctors and getting no-better. Think of the pain she enduredof the tifwlesstifs nf Four Doctort Tailed, her life -In those six long, dreary, miserable years. Think of the distress of a refined, modest woman during the useless examinations and treatment of four different doctors who each and all failed to give her any comfort. Think of all this and then think that she was finally cured completely, wholly, permanently cured tight in the privacy of her home without the abhorrent "examinations" and local treatment so uniformly insisted upon by home physicians cured just as she might have been six years before.

These are simply the facts in the case of Mrs. B. Wallace, of Muenster, Cook Texas, who writes "1 had been a great sufferer from female weakness, I tried four doctors and none did me any good. I suffered six years, but at last I found relief. I followed your advice, and took four bottles of 'Golden Medical and eight of the Favorite Prescription.

I now feel like a new woman. I have gained eighteen pounds." Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription is a medicine made for just one purpose to cure disorders or diseases of the feminine organism. It is the only preparation of its kind introduced by a regularly graduated physican tf" skilled, specialist; in the diseases of women, whose thirty years of successful practice are a guarantee of health to al sufferers who consult him. Every woman may write fully and to Dr.

R. V. Pierce, Buffalo, N. and may be sure that Jber case will receive careful, conscientious, confidential consideration, and that the best medical advice in the world will be given to her, absolutely free. In addition to this free advice Dr.

Pierce will send a paper-bound copy of his prreat I.ooo-page book "The Common Sense Medical Adviser," to any one who will send at one-cent stamps to pay the cost of mailing. Frencfi tion of CHudiilates for president and vice president. How Convention Is Made Up. Said national convention shall consist of a number of delegates at large from each state equal to double the number of United States senators to which each state is entitled, aud for each representative at large in congress, two delegates at large; from each congressional district and the District of Columbia, two delegates irom eacn or toe territories or AlasKa, Arizona, Indian Territory, New Mexico and Oklahoma, two delegates. For each delegate eleoted to said convention an alternate delegate shall be elected to act in case of the absence of the delegate, said alternate delegate to be selected at the time and in the manner of electing the delegates.

When Delegates Must Be Elected. "AH delegates shall be elected not less thau thirty days before the meet ing of the national convention. Delegates at large shall be elected by popu lar, state and territorial conventions of which at least thirty days' notice shall have been published in some newspa; per or newspapers of general" circua tion in the respective states and terri tories. 'The congressional district dele gates shall be elected by conventions called by the congressional committee of each district, in the manner of nomi nating the candidate for representative In congress insaiddistrict1; provided that in any congressional district where there is no Republican congres sional committee the Republican state committee shall appoint from among the Republicans resident in such district, a committee for the "pur pose of calling a district convention to elect delegates to represent said dis trict. "We recommend that the territories ot Arizona, Indian Territory, New Mexico and.

each. elect six delegates and six alternate delegates and that Alaska elect four delegates and four alternate delegates, and the admission of such additional delegates to the convention is hereby recom mended. "All notices of contest shall be sub a printed statement setting forth the grounds of contest, which shall be filed with the secretary of the national committee twenty days prior to the meeting ofrthe-national convention Contests will be acted on by the Da tlonal convention in the order of the date of the filing of the notice' and statement with the secretary. M. A.

HanxA, Chairman. --CaARtES-OicK, SecretaryJLi CARNIVAL. xiie following announcement accom panied by a few circular words from B. IIennessy, corresponding secretary, is received and is given space for the benefit of the amusement-Iovidg publio and to help Ilennessy to hold his job: St. Paci, December 20181 Paul is to have Vwinter Carnivat The1 an nouncement will be received with pleasure by thousands of people, who retain pleasant memories of the Carni vals of previous years.

The St. Paul Carnival Association, incorporated, which includes in its membership thousands of St. Paul people, have the project in hand, and the Minnesota Capitol Is aflame with the carnival jpiritJcyvillbe.framedaro grand central feature, the nature of which has not yet been announced. The town is already in Carnival attire and by the middle of next month the streets of the whole city will be bril liant with the colors of the Toboggan and Snow Shoe, Clubs' picturesque costumes. every person one meets is decorated with, the Carnival badge, a large button bearing the legend "St.

Paul Winter Carnival, 1900," surrounding a seething fire stirred by two imps, and the motto "Make it a hot one." The Carnival Association intends, lo make it a hot one. A thorough organization has been effected, dozens of committees at work, headquarters 'have been opened in the Endicott and the work of organizing the Carnival Clubs is getting on rapiaiy. vine larger houses, wholesale and retail, are organ izing their employees, and brilliant costumes are being planned by the The cential fenture of Car-nival will be novel, giving the 'assurance of fuD, combined with splendor, and calculated to arouse wide spread interest. Clubs from all over the Northwest will be present, and for the sporting events, the best know armatures and professionals in the world have been or will be engaged. Arrangements for reduced rates on all roads are pending, and St.

Paul expects to entertain 100,000 visitors during Car nival week which will be the first or second week in February, the- date Lying not yet set. the pledge of the- government (reuewalTtng deBrta-drgsMr; Ring appeared CccdS SaUafMti H1' Pills oorel)TerJin; thajion-irrttatinir and only cathartic tn Uke with fliiu VIQNETTES. It is likoly that Harry O'Neill', the grain, buyer, whose wife has lately fignrod in tfi Chicago papers, and been in the courts wiil return to Winona, where he amassed the fortune which his wife sospeedly dissipated. There has been talk that tho American MaltiD company would erect a plant at Winona, and if that is not done, will make it the headquarters of their barley business iu Minnesota, with Mr Neill as manager. His wifo, who collated about a quarter of a million dollars' wortli of goods, is understood to be in Europe.

oooo Hero's a chantie for the industrial committee: "Racine, Dec. 20. A representative of J.C. Farwell of Chicago, has been in the city looking for a site to erect a shirt factory. He states that if Racine is selected for the site-a building three stories high and of brick will, be erected and at least 3S0 girls OOOO "I have paid my taxes," said a heavy taxpayer yesterday.

He had added about $1300 or SHOO to the contents of the city's coffers. While ho paused for comments, someone said: you think the same business ability will bt exorcised in the expenditure of that money that yon exercised ia earning it?" oooo There is a very strange coincidence in General Lawton'g career. It wasliis work agaiust tho Apaches under Geronimo that gave him reputation and rapid promotion, and it was while loading an attack upon Geronimo, a Filipino insurgent oflicer, that Lawton was You feel mean, cross, ngly, down in the mouth, nothing goes rightBad liyer. Better take Rocky Mountain Tea. Drives away the blues.

G. T. Thompson. Council Meeting. Presid en Forest wm in thechair at the regular counoil meeting last night' The request of the Associated Charities for an appropriation of $10 per month was referred to the committee on Aid.

Seyberth of the light committee recommended that the four gas lamps on South Farwell street be discontinued. Recommendation adopted, Walter Lowry, who was employed on iheGrandAyenu9bridget sentina communication that the Wagner Bridge Company had not paid him his wages Aid. Fleming suggested the amount of Lowry's claim be deducted from the claim of the bridge company against the city. Referred. Helena Maas' claim for $1000 for damages for injuries sustained on a defective sidewalk was disallowed.

Health or ten cents. Cascarets- make thtt boweland kidneys act nat urally, destroy microbes, cure headache, billiousness, and constipati on All druggists. Unclaimed Letters Unclaimed letters remaining In the postoffice at Ead Claire, week, ending Saturday, Dec. 16, 1899. Abbott, Mrs A Jansen, Mrs Krist Allon, Karl Levi Iverson, Ada Bocckers, Mr Kelly, Patrick KroU, Julius Matson, Milan Mattorn, Miss Perrin, AS, Premo, Euby Smith, John Bpangolo, Hannah Swanson, Pete Walker, Robert Weyker, John Wyman, Mrs Maud Bontan, Amous Bmnelle, Miss Buchanan, Mrs Belle Chaneleigh.

Grant Cole Coke Dolan, Wm Gordon, James Grill, Annie Hayes, Mrs Frank Hilgert, Annie Hardwig, Co- Huffey.IA" Persons calling for above letters wilt please say Advertised. Oeorge W. Smith, Postmaster. There Is a Clsss of People Who are injured by the use of coffee- Recently there has been placed in all the grocery stores a new preparation called Grain-o, made of pure grains that-takes the place of coffee. The- most delicate stomach receives it without distress, and but few can tell it from coffee.

It does not cost over as much. Children may drink it with great benefit. 15 cts. and 25 cts. per package." Try it.

A6k for Grain-o. OflLY SfehW USiS.OOtuiaKuar- aiite ul tfooa Rita and we-will send you ny lr prvef Mf-by freight, CO. to-4xamijition. TMCnnialwrV at jour frlbt d.pol and if you. find it the equal of any fire proof combination lock iron and vteel safe made and aboat-ene-thtrd Ike prlrm ebarav by uk.Hferll.MM c.ri i lit t1 1 Pr your frciirht airent nr A 'V vilr "peefnl factory jrlt-e iind -y entwlth orrter: otherwise return it at our expense md we wijl rntura your jfo-ii, nmbiH.Mnn kk nfrift.r Ui 8.U5l SWO-lln.

aad r. Hl.Ilil IK l-'-. iJSil ICO il.Ui! ltllKt 9t. I2i0 33. lawdnalti.

ti4. aad tc0 11, fVU. 5i; BS Sl, Vrflf.i nifrzxm 2 p.r ltw tnr 5rtt a. WlM4laiM 40enita.n Kl i lil SAl TAI il n--l liiwriil V. t.

Urr. 'EEAKS. ROESUCK of our division 'last March. In point of dash, energy and endurance, he was our best. Ilia one fault lay in his ut ter contempt for danger.

We could vtnfr rvvAtrn 1 1 nnftn titm fit DA i AAtrflU or shelter of any kind. He was per petually 'running into every kind of I danger, exposing himself to death or capture when there was no need of It. He wanted to see everything for himself and would stalk out in front of the lines, the most prominent figure on the field. We loved him we al- ways have, even since old cavalry days, I when he was the hardest and most dar- ing all the band of young officers that won distinction under Crook, Miles and Merritt. He was MacKen- zie's 'right and his later, work As- friend and comrade be was as lovable as he was great, and heroic as a soldier." nmrr thd ctatc Ex-sState tJenator Ring of Parkhill, Ex-Deputy Sheriff Connors and L.

O. Garrison of Thorp, are under prosecQtiOHTor hunt- before the game-law committee at "the state legislature at the; last session and advocated the adoption of laws for the protection of game. Ricine, Dec. 2LwThr Rev. and? Mrs.

David B. Cheney have positively identifled Henry T. Corbett, the- Mi. waukee portrait solicitor, as the-' mau who attempted to rob their home on the morning of Dec. 6, aud when the were shot Madison i9 to have a modern roller 1 skating rink, to be under the management of B.

W. Park. Bloomer. Nels Krogstad was killed in Hanson's camp at Fifield yesterday. -ilo was 50 years olAaDdslag The La Crosse county poor author ities will sue Chippewa county for maintenance ofa family named Mandrel.

1 jury disagreed in jtle casetjf-Willianr-Jonesof-Clinton charged with illegally conducting in' surance business. Janes Sheriff Gardner removed so a costly tombstone from the grave of the late Mrs. John Reynolds a Monroe to satisfy a claim held by A. I. Buss of Platteville.

Card of Thanks. tMary Prueher, Born May 30, 1875. Died Deo. 11,1809.) To many kind friends, neighbors and acquaintances: We feel grateful to yon for your -many kindnesses during the sickness of our beloved daughter, Mary, and for your sympathy in our sad bereavement occasioned by her death also for your much, appreciated attendance at the funeral obsequies. We take method of expressing our gratitude.

We also In an especial manner thank those who contributed the many beautiful, touching and appropriate floral offerings so-4iberally7placed on the casket that contained our darling. -We shall ever-hold you li-gratef ul remembrance. Mr. axd Mrs, Peueheb and Family. HE MISTAKE3 THE EFFECT for the cause." That Is what the person uoes who tries to cure rheumatism of any other disease by alleviating, the symptoms.

Hood's oarsapanlla re4' moves the and permanently cures. HOOD'S PILLS-jdqr fiot. gripe. All -dru is tsu r- thtio iemptiorolJts of which pledge has been so frequently necessitated by circumstances) to- maintain the parity of our money, will be in the form of an unequivocal and permanent As remarked during the debate, the financial bill would put into law what has been the financial policy of the nation for uearly" thirty years, would place that policy beyond the reach of caprice so far as such legislation can do so; establish in concrete-legislative form the common-sense principle that there can be but one standard of measurement at a given time; unequivocally adopt the standard of gold and provue a division of the treasury devoted to the discharge of the duties of the 'government in rela- obligations, with a protected gold re serve to support the; proposition in actual practice and a proHoition of re-issue of redeemed, notes except for gold and provide for use; of silver, so far as such use is consistent with maintenance of a gold basis. No change is to be made in the gen-1 eral banking laws; but national banks I are to oe anowea to issue tn the par value of bonds; the tax on national-bank notes is abolished, a tax on bank fran chises being substituted; and organization of "banks with capital as low as $25,000 is authorized.

The objects of the legislation in relation to the banks are to provide for elasticity of circula- tion to meet the needs of the people as they arise and equitably adjust taxation so that the larger banks will pay in the same degree as the smaller. The measure involves no revolution of principles or methods. It is a con. firmation of settled business principles and au extension of a system already tried and established. It is distinctly a stepjh advande.

The La Crosse Board of Trade through its secretary has received the" following letter from Representative John J. Esch: HoCse op Wash-ton, D. Deo. 9, 181)9. R.

Calvert. uaurosse, Wis. My Dear letter enclosing resolution urging me aupurE legislation in lavor or hon est money and a gold standard, uob assure you inai i am ueari.uy.iD lavor ol -suctt legislation. I nave no doubt that legislation of this kind wii be passed at this session ut-CoTigres irTh es ra svrti3fT Hmwm.wv.u, vmv uiuvtuinu money-spending power ought ton be the people. A business man who would turn his affairs over to parties whom he could never hold accountable for the management thereof would be considered "queer." Yets our.

cities do this very thing. THE LEAGUE OF MUNICIPALITIES. The convention of the League of Wisconsin Municipalities, at Monrnn Friday, elected Mayor A. S- Douglas, of Monroe, as president. Mayor T.J.

Cunningham, of Chippewa Falls, was chosen as a district vine-nrARidont. The Milwaukee Sentinel gives in full .1.. -1 tu buib speeuu ui uuge uitson 01 the State Tax Commission (which seems to have been by far the livered at the meeting), and other features, The League does not appear to have made any important effort for the betterment of city government, the dis- VUS31UU9 UCJUjj lUt kUO UlUSt fM UU ttUQ old I ines. Judge ilson, for examplei said i If the life Of local institutions is preserved in a healthy.and vigorous state, there must be a continual and energetic participation In matters of local self government by every good and patriotic citizen." The Judge however, gave exceedingly yaluable etatistics and made strong point in urging the "pay; as you go. Athough Ex-Senator' Clauson advocated the appoint ment of assessors Instead of election by the people and woald extend' the ireuifc courts the-wipervision-of- is iirno wise "accountable: whereas.