The Atmore Record from Atmore, Alabama • Page 6

I I yi Entrance to a Vrst Exhibit Palace atpanama-Pacific Exposition al San Francisco In 1915 In Numberif Soldiers. Available War Triple1 Entente Is Superior PRESENT WAR A SETTLEMENT OF Available for t. i .,1 '7' V. v- i 4 5 1 F. 1 i i V.

Events That Have Led to the in. Europe The causes of the war which has set all Europe ablaze are as follows: The century-old hatred of the Serbs and 5 the Austrians, eaoh for the other, growing out of the struggle of the Serbs for unity and freedom, In which Austria, through her possession of Servian provinces, effectual lyr bars the way. The; Impassioned rage of the Servians that they who have thrown off the yoke of the Turk In territory once held by the sultan, have been unable to win one foot of ground or a single subject from the dual monarchy. The deep resentment of Austria at the murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne, on June 28, through a Servian plot, which brought at! the long smoldering bitterness of the two peoples to a climax. The ultimatum delivered to Servla by Austria demanding punishment of the archduke's slayers.

Servla'a reply, termed by the Austrian Foreign office "unsatisfactory." Precipitation of France, Germany and Italy Into the crisis by Russia's determination to block any change in the balance of power in the Balkans. The known purpose of Russia to use all her armies to this end makes that great empire In effect an ally of Servia, and In turn draws France to support the Russian standard through an offensive and defensive alliance. Russia's espousal of the Servian cause automatically brings Into play the triple alliance, In which Germany and Italy are bound to rally to the support of their ally, Austria, i 14 I- Copyright, 1914, by Panama-Paclflc International Expubition Co. HIS photograph shows the great western portal or entrance way of tne nupre ruincp or i-mxi I'roduc-tH. The dome is known a the Half Dom of Vigor iiml is 113 l'eot in height.

Brilliant, riotous colors are employed in the mosaic in the vault of the half dome, whlrh -n designed by Jules Guerlu, America's most celebrated decorative artist. Portal In South Wall of Palace of Education, Panama-Pacific Exposition, San Francisco, 1915 1 4 vA i i -s the lesser portals of this palace "and Paao Strength. Austria Bervla 890,000 8000 TRIPLE S90.00O 870,000 250,000 Austria Germany Italy ToUle TRIPLE Ruaala ...1,200,000 England 264,600 Franca 720,000 I IN NAVAL STRENGTH France and Russia Almost Equal to the Triple Allianoe. Discrepancy la Not Great, While, of Course, With the British Navy Added, There Could Be No Comparison Possible. London.

In effective fighting ship, there Is by" no means a great discrepancy between the strength of. th triple alliance and that of France and her ally Russia, according to the 1914 edition of the Naval Annual, edited by Viscount Hythe, which has been recently published. The difference 1b small enough to leave the struggle for sea supremacy in doubt, even without the intervention of Great Britain, whose navaj strength, based on the latest figures available, is such that with the nations of the triple entente looking to the sea together, the navies of the rest of Europe are overawed. By effective fighting ships, the An-nual defines those which are classed under the head of battleships and cruisers. In.

the first group are placed modern battleships, battle cruisers, and older battleships; the second group contains first-class and light cruisers. Another category, one in which the navies of Russia and France more than hold their own against the combined navies of the triple alliance, according to the Annual, is torpedo flotillas, Here the Franco-Russian alliance actually outnumbers Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. With the enormous flotilla of Great Britain add ed in, the triple alliance is hopeless ly outclassed. Viscount Hythe gives 76 battleships to the triple allianoe, Including those being built, contributed as follows Germany 48, Austria-Hungary 13, and Italy 15. Against them Russia has 19 battleships and France 21, a to tal of 60, includging those under con struction.

In the same class Great Britain is credited with 82; In the cruiser class, built and building, the triple alliance's combined strength Is 84 vessels, more than half the num ber being German, and the combined strength of these vessels of France and Russia is 62. Great Britain's strength in cruisers is 127. When the comparison comes to torpedo destroyers, boats and submarines, France's activity in this style of construction gives the Franco- Russian alliance' a great advantage in destroyers. Germany, Austria-Hun- gary and Italy combined could muster but 217 vessels, against 228 command ed by their opponents when all the vessels laid down by both parties shall have been completed. And of subma- Tines the triple alliance could collect but 73, whereas -France alone has a larger number, 93, and with Russia's equipment the total is brought up to 136 underwater craft.

In torpedo boats the advantage is slightly the other way, Austria Is particularly strong In these craft, pc sessing 85, or more than are found in the navies of either Great Britain or Germany. Germany and Italy bring the total up to 207, while the Franco-Russian combination totals' only 178, even with France's strong equipment of 153 torpedo boats. In the matter of torpedo flotilla strength, Great Britain Is in a position to contribute. 238 destroyers, 70 torpedo boats and 96 submarines. Looking to the future, the Naval An nual says: "At the end of 1915, we (Great Britain) shall have 41 modern bat tleships, as compared with 23 for Germany and 33 for the triple alliance.

At the end of 1916 we should have 46 ships completed, Germany 26, and the triple alliance 36, though it is possible that Austrian ships laid down this year may be completed in 1916. At the end of both years it should be noted that the strength of the Franco-Russian alliance in this class of ships will nearly equal that of Germany. OFFERS HIS SWORD TO SERVIA General Giuseppe' Garibaldi, Grandson of Famous Liberator; Would Fight Against Austria. New Yorfc General Giuseppe GarJ haldl, soldier of fortune and grandson the great Italian liberator, offered services to Servia. In a letter to the" Servian representatives here he said: "My family and all the Italians who follow the traditions of the red shirt, put ourselves i at your government's disposal, i am preparing to return Copyright, 1914, by Panama-Pacinc International Exposition Co.

Reservst. Total War Strength 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 6,200,000 1,200,000 8,400,000 6,600,000 730,000 4,000,000 10,230,200 Duty Un organized. 1,610,000 1,610,000 ALLIANCE. 4,430,000 850,000 3,000,000 1 8,000,000 8.CC0.0OO 1,000,000 1,200,000 6,890,000 ENTENTE. 6,200,000 6500,000 2.000,000 1,000,000 8,300,000 476,500 880,000 766,600 8,200,000 French Statistician Gives Cold Figures.

the Something Like $55,000,000 a Day la Given as the Expenditure Neees-. sary for Keeping European Armies In the Field. Parte. What the cost would be of a war between four or more first-class European powers has repeatedly been subject of calculation and estimate by European experts. When the matter was under discussion at the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese war in 1904 a well-known French statistician, M.

Jules Roche, estimated that a conflict involving two or three large powers, with, say, 8,000,000 men in all under arms, would absorb $400,000,000 in the first two months. On the same basis of operations, the average cost would be about $6,000,000 a day. But a war in which France, Russia, Germany and Austria were all engaged would cause a total average expenditure, for purely military purposes, of $1800,000 per day. Hie calculation may be thus summarized: In January, 1871, the actual cost per day to the French treasury, according to Boreau-Lajandie official report, was 16,000,000 francs (or this for 600,000 men under, arms. The actual cost per day of every man under arms during the entire period of the war was exactly 13 francs 88 centimes.

Into the costs of forage and of keep of horse, which are usually figured at the rate of, say, $1 a day for each horse, M. Roche did not go. But even with the figures for the war of 1870-71 before him, he admitted that It was no easy matter to estimate the financial expenditure of a great war that might happen in our times. He continued: "Conditions generally have consid erably changed within the last thirty years, and warfare is now far more exnensive. To begin with, the number of njen under arms in France, on a declaration of war, would be far greater than In 1870.

France then began by putting 600,000 men- into the field; but in the next great war in which she may be engaged, her military organization is such that within forty-eight hours she can mobilize, in round figures, 2,000,000 men and 000 horses and mules. The first troops to be called up would be' the thirteen 'classes' of active and active reserve troops. Each 'class' numbers men, so that the actual number of men to be mobilized at once would be 2,080,000. Against this the Germans can pit 2,550,000 men, the Austrians 1,300,000 men and Italy 1,200,000 men." i Herr Schaffle, the eminent Austrian economist, who was for some time minister of commerce in the Hohenwart cabinet, estimated In 1896 that a European war in which any, of the above powers were engaged would cost France $5,100,000 a day, Russia Germany $5,000,000 and Austria-Hungary $2,600,000, and with this es timate M. Roche agrees.

He calculates, th American values, an outlay of $3.12 a man for each day for the forces un-jer arms, In a first-class contest between European powers. A euu nigner eBumme is uiai puo- lished in 1913, at the time of the Balkan war, by, Dr. Charles Rlchet, a statistician of the University of Paris, in a very detailed and elaborate calculation. He bases his estimate on the as sumption that, roughly, 20,000,000 men would be called to arms, of which at least half would be sent to the front On this basis he works put the dally expenditure for the seven powers as the figures being here rendered into dollars: Provisioning of troops $12,500,000 Feeding of horses 1,000,000 Pay 4,250,000 Wages, arsenals and har bors 1,000,000 Mobilization 2,000.000 Transport of foodstuffs, weapons, 4,000,000 Ammunition Infantry 4,000.000 Artillery 1,250,000 Ship 375,000 Fitting out of army. 4,000,000 Ambulance service.

500,000 Movement of ships 600,000 Deiftit in taxes. 10,000,000 Support for population with-; out means .6,750,000 Requisitions, damage to r-. iV- towns, bridges, Total If such a war lasted only as long as the brief Franco-Prussian conflict In 1870. the outlay on this basis would exceed five thousand million dollars, ITS MVS COST HE doorway shown is one of overiooKs tne isoutn Gardens Lagoon. In influence the and the southern end of the Fine Arts portal is eurly Italian renaissance The twisted fluted Roman columns have been riven an eastern flavor Uv Natural Ending' of Long-Standing III Feeling Between Austria and the Slav Nations.

LONG HISTORY OF INTRIGUE Game of Diplomacy Played by the Czar and Francis Joseph Has Hitherto Been Won by the Latter, But Today Conditions Are Changed. Washington. Russian diplomacy, intriguing in the Balkans, may largely be blamed for the present Austro-Ser-vian or Austro-Slavlo situation, for while It in appearance fa a quarrel between the little Slavic state of Servla and the great empire of Austria-Hungary, in fact it Is a quarrel of long standing between Austria and all the Slav nations, not excluding Russia. Bosnia and Herzegovina, once Servian provinces, In 1909 belonged to Turkey, although they were occupied by Austrian troops and In every way but on paper were parts of the Austrian empire. Austria had been quietly planning to annex the two little Slavic provinces for some time, but could not quite see her way clear to do It without arousing the strenuous protest from the powers.

When the Turkish constitutional revolution took place in 1909 Austria saw her opportunity and took advantage of it She maintained that because Bosnia and Herzegovina under the new Turkish regime would have to send delegates to the Turkish Parliament it were better that Austria annex them, which she promptly proceeded to do In face of the protests of Russia, France and Great Britain, Bowed to Superior Force. It was maintained, by the powers that Austria's' act in annexing the Slavic provinces was a violation of the agreement made at the general European Congress which met at Berlin shortly after the Russo-Turkish war. Austria remained firm, however, and when the powers became threatening Germany came, to- Austria's aid. Germany was prepared for war, as was Great Britain, France and Russia were not prepared for war, and with both Austria and Germany facing them they were compelled to submit to Austria's seizure of Bosnia and Herzegovina and accept their humiliating defeat with as good grace as possible. What Russia coulo not do by forc of arms she then proceeded to do by intrigue and diplomacy.

Secret agents were sent into all of tie Balkan states and into these provinces of -Austria and Germany populated thickly with Slavs. Ever since that time a constant campaign to arouse the Austrian and German Slavs has been maintained by Russian secret agents. Dissatisfaction and revolution was fermented among the Slavs of Aus tria by Russian agents, and It "Is even said that Russian secret agents aided In the formation of Slavonic societies in Austria and Germany the objects of which were the freeing of the Slavio provinces now under Teutonic rule and the formation of a great. Slavio empire, for which the Balkan league was to be the foundation. Russian diplomacy brought about the alliance of Balkan nations for the war with Turkey, In which war little Servla greatly distinguished herself.

Austrian Diplomacy Strong. The fine hand of the Austrian foreign office was seen In the Balkan pie, however, sooh after the defeat of Turkey. Bpth Austria and Germany had confidently expected to see Turkey the victor, and it is said that the Teutonic diplomats were sadly disap pointed at the outcome. Austria busied herself immediately, and by the exercise of either a finer or more subtle brand of diplomacy than that I exercised by Russia, succeeded in con vincing the wers that Albania, which had been taken possession of by the Servians, should be made an Independent-kingdom, but In reality un- der Austrlair and German domination. Consetfetttlyuie Serbs were relieved of part of the fruits of victory and a German prince, William of Wled, was Installed as King of Albania with the consent of the powers the face of the diplomatic opposition of Russia.

Unable ta, help- themselves -Servia and the Balkan nations were compelled to acquiesce. Work Against Balkan Alliance. In the Balkan, league, however, the triple alliance, composed of Austria, Germany and Italy, found a valuable adjunct, of the opposing powers, the triple entente, composed of Russia, Great Britain and France, since the Balkan league had been the outcome of Russian diplomacy. Austria then set about to smash uj the Balkan alliance. The result of this was the second Balkan warr in which Servla and Greece, with were pitted against Bulgaria.

The latter count? was. given all possible assistance by Austria, but Austria was again due to be disappointed, for Bulgaria was sorely defeated. i i Besides her troubles abroad, Austria was havlngdiffleultles at home. Nearly twit cj Auatrta'i jopfctiaa il fog 1 the application of contrasting colors in alternation, applied under the direction of Jules Guerin, director of color of the Exposition. The portal is over thirty feet in height The outer wall of the palace is sixty-five feet high South Portal to Palace of fyod Products, Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, 1915 1c, although, of course, the ruling forces are Teutonic and Magyar, or Hungarian.

The Serbs of the various Slavic provinces of Austria were fomenting revolution. Servia was dreaming of regaining Bosnia and-Herze-govina, Russian intriguing was making trouble, and Austria's aid of Bulgaria had alienated the affections of Roumania, which hitherto had been friendly to the triple alliance, but which "now practically became a part of the triple entente. Austria's Small Victory, As a result of it all, Austria gained but one small victory. By causing the formation of the Albanian kingdom, Austria had prevented Servia from obtaining a seaport, the principal ambition of the Slavic monarchy. But in doing this Austria brought herself into complication with Italy, which country had cast envious eyes on Albania, and it looked for a time as if there would be serious clashes between the two nations.

Austria then found herself In a somewhat precarious situation. She was threatened with destruction, intrigue, diplomacy and revolution. On her border she was threatened by Serb and Roumanian. Russia was a serious danger in the North, Austria's only salvation was Germany, and if Germany would stand by Austria, it was the opinion of Austrian statesmen that it would be better for Austria to settle the Slav question at once with her armies rather than wait and perhaps be destroyed in the long run. A demand for war became strong.

Newspapers and public men were practically demanding a test of strength between the triple alliance and the triple entente, when the Archduke Ferdinand was slain as the alleged result of ja Serb plot, hatched, it was claimed, in i Servia. Austria promptly seized upon this as a pretext for demanding ft 'show down," Situation Different From 1909. The situation had changed since 1909. Russia was prepared for war, anB it was believed would welcome it, France was preparing for war, as also was Great, Britain. Russia came to thj aid' of Servia it was certain that Germany would mobilize her armies lnsut)Dort Austria.

Germanv-ln thk field would be certain to brtn prjince into the with a view to.f avenging herself for the Franco- Prussian1 war. Great Britain then wojild be expected to stand by her al lies oi uie triple iipiomats ali) argued that Great Britain would consider that Austria and Germany opposing Russia, France and the Balkan Sttes, might triumph, leaving: Eng? land alone to face the question of Ger mn expansion, and that therefore it willed', be better for Great Britain to tale part In the war and aid Russia, Frinc.6 and the Balkans in putting sr nnai ena fo uennan anu Austrian pow-win Europe. i 6 MAY MEED iP AN DAU nan war fof Emergency, to ftlamarck't Wisdom In Providing It. erlln. Ever since the close of the.

co-Prussian war in 1871 the 'SrS 7 i 1 hr sW iVa i i Copyright, 1014, by Panama-Pacific International Exposition IHIS portal la probably the most modern in feeling of any doorway any ofhp exhibit palaces. The portal la Italian ren-' orm nd treatmeut, bu( much' of he ornamentation is of more recent origin. The pbotograph gites' no idea of the great dimensions of this portal, irhlch 1s sixty In; height to the tip of the ornamentation surmounting the The ctglarabeVi the line of pilasters of the portAl are six feet in height The Exposition palaces arrconstructed of gray, teh cfeath plaster in Imitation of Travertine marble. Julius tower at Spandau has been ttsld as a storehouse for Germany's "ar Of the five milliards of frakes ($1,000,000,000) wrung France by Bismarck as an indemnity to Germany, marks in gold was placed in the Junius tower. This hat been added from time to time, and the gold hoarded there is not to be used by tb fflpirs c8pt.

a needed in th ffo Italy with a small number of of ficers, and should Italy remain neu ral we intend to proceed to Berria aunwrt it in it Acfcl".