The Orlando Sentinel from Orlando, Florida • Page 6

wasn't enough food and gas to support life. "We learned from any mistakes they might have made before," said Jenny White, a junior who is heading the experiment team. This time, the students have twice as much room for the brine, but they won't be able to pump oxygen into the test tubes, so some may die, Jenny said. If enough live, the students will look for size and shape changes as the shrimp grow. They may even get to look at changes in the shrimp chemical proteins, something crucial to growth, using equipment at Kennedy Space Center.

Next fall, the Titusville High students will get to send one of their experiments to the Russian space station Mir for a two-month stay, said their teacher Kim Bragg. Experiments will deal with everything from the death of solar systems to the development of shrimp. By Seth Borenstein OF THE SENTINEL STAFF CAPE CANAVERAL When the space shuttle Columbia launches this week, astronomers from around the world will look for the answer to The Big Question: How will it all end? Columbia will release an $80 million telescope that picks up ultraviolet light. It will spend two weeks examining faraway stars and wispy gases to get an idea of how solar systems, including our own, die. Meanwhile, science students at Titus- tally exhausted its nuclear fuel." Scientists will look at these gases and stars in the extreme ultraviolet-light wavelength, which has the hottest and most-active parts of the light spectrum.

"The ultraviolet universe is very different than the optical universe," said mission scientist Ronald Polidan, Instead of photos of stars, which the Hubble Space Telescope gives, an ultraviolet image looks like the bar code on a can of food. "These dark lines are the signatures of the elements of the universe," he said. They tell scientists the temperature, travel speed and composition of stars and interstellar gases. Students will put 40 shrimp eggs in two separate test tubes on Columbia and then watch how they grow. During a similar Titusville High experiment in 1992, nothing grew because there ville High School in Brevard County hope to examine life.

And the examination will be on a much smaller scale. The students will put eggs of tiny shrimp aboard Columbia to see how they develop in near-zero gravity. In Columbia's 16-day mission, which is scheduled to start Tuesday at 2:53 p.m. if bad weather clears, astronauts plan to do a little bit of everything. In addition to the telescope, they will deploy another satellite that will try to grow semiconductors for electronics, walk in space twice, monitor rats with high blood pressure and have a Thanksgiving dinner in space.

This will be the first time a shuttle will be in the same orbit with two free-flying satellites it released. "It's a very sophisticated ballet we're doing here," said lead flight director Al Pennington. The first satellite to be released is the No. 1 priority for Columbia: the telescope, It will be sent out just hours after launch and then start to look at newborn stars, dying stars, black holes, white dwarfs and hydrogen floating around the universe. "By studying these apparently arcane questions of interstellar gases, we're learning a little bit about the eventual future maybe not the immediate future of our very own solar system, as well as just the general life cycle of birth and death in the galaxy," said Mark Hurwitz, a researcher at the Space Sciences Lab at the University of California.

Columbia astronaut and astronomer Tammy Jernigan said, "We're looking at white dwarfs, which some day our sun will be, probably in about 5 billion years. It the dwarf is a star that has to Russia had pinned hopes on probe mem Of Cosmonaut won't join space flight NASA was told the Russian veteran will be replaced on the first space station trip. REUTERS A h' i i AMEBIC A. 500 miles Russians' launch dates: Nov. 1, 1962: Mars 1 lost at 66 million miles.

Nov. 30, 1964: Zond 2 failed to return data. May 19, 1971: Mars 2 arrived on Red Planet but sent no useful data. May 28, 1971: Mars 3 arrived on planet but sent little data. July 21, 1973: Mars 4 orbiter soared past planet.

July 25, 1973: Mars 5 orbiter lasted only a few days at planet. Aug. 5, 1973: Mars 6 arrived at planet but sent little data. fl Aug. 9, 1973: Mars 7 arrived at planet but sent little data.

July 7, 1988: Phobos-1 lost en route to Mars. July 12, 1988: Phobos-2 lost near Martian moon. Nov. 16, 1996: Mars '96 failed to get out of Earth orbit. Source: NASA SHOft MARS from A-1 and shock of re-entry.

Before the crash, White House press secretary Mike McCurry issued a statement saying the United States "believes the size of the probe is large enough to give pieces of it a chance of surviving re-entry, though most of the spacecraft will burn up in the atmosphere." Although it was impossible to determine what survived re-entry, experts said it was extremely unlikely the canisters had broken up in the atmosphere, which could have created a small radioactive cloud. The best guess was that the canisters survived and sank to the bottom of the ocean. Unlike previous tries, Russia and the United States had cooperated on this launch, the second of three attempts to go to Mars this year. Among the United States, Russia and Japan, 11 launches to Mars are planned during the next decade. While the cooperative effort means setbacks are felt in both Russia and the United States, it could be a knockout blow for Russia.

"This was the basket they put all their eggs in," said James Oberg, an American engineer who studies the Russian space effort. "They had to prove that they were still world-class in space science." The probe, which would have reached Mars in September, was already two years behind schedule. Scientists blamed chronic money problems for the delay in a program that is receiving only one-fifth the cash it got in Soviet times. The Russians spent $64 million during the past two years preparing for Mars '96 a large sum for the impoverished Russians but spare change for the United States. 3 I i 1 1 if.

,1 i i -''iy: QMt b. mmmr-. vmm CAPE CANAVERAL A senior Russian cosmonaut has been dropped from the first U.S.-Rus-sian crew bound for NASA's planned international space station as a struggle over which nation will command the orbiting outpost nears its end, U.S. space agency officials said. Space veteran Anatoli Solovyev was a member of the first crew assigned to the planned space station, along with U.S.

astronaut William Shepherd and another Russian. But earlier this month, NASA was told Solovyev would not fly, while cosmonaut Yuri Gidzenko, who has completed just one space flight, would take his place. Solovyev commanded four missions aboard Mir and flew aboard the U.S. shuttle Atlantis during its first visit to the Russian orbital outpost. Solovyev's sudden departure comes as NASA and the Russian Space Agency near the conclusion of delicate negotiations on who will first command the jointly owned and operated station.

NASA officials said they have reached a verbal agreement with their Russian counterparts that Shepherd would command the flight once the crew arrives at the station. Construction of the station is scheduled to begin next November with the launch of a Russian-built, U.S.-financed module. A three-member crew is to be launched to the station in May 1998 aboard a Russian Soyuz. JOHN CORBITTTHE ORLANDO SENTINEL "you need the service module to sustain the station," said Dick Kohrs, a former NASA space station director who monitors the Russian space program. Even before Mars '96 had left the ground, Russian space officials were warning it may be Russia's last Mars mission in the foreseeable future.

"There aren't any booster rockets. There isn't any money," one of the scientists on the project, Vladimir Utkin, told reporters last week. Against long odds, Russian space officials had hoped that this year would showcase their ability to move ahead with cutting-edge projects. Instead, it has highlighted the painful limitations of their resource-strapped program. The probe was carrying 1.1 tons of scientific equipment from 20 European countries and the UnhV ed States.

"It's a real tragedy for the Rus-, sian Mars program," said NASA associate administrator Wesley Huntress, who coordinates America's probe program. "It's bound to affect what we do in the United States. But it's not yet possible to tell exactly how until we talk to the Russians in December." Seth Borenstein of the Sentinel staff contributed to this report. One example: The United States is paying Russia $335 million just to sublet the Mir space station, on which U.S. astronaut John Blaha currently has a four-month time-share deal with two Russian cosmonauts.

Mir, nearing the end of its life after 10 years, is a shining example of Soviet-era successes. But the Russian space program has been "running on the brink of collapse for several years," said Oberg. Space experts in Washington have been warning that Russia is perhaps six months behind in building a key part of the international space station. The service module needs to be ready for an April 1998 launch. Work has yet to begin because the module-maker is not being paid.

NASA officials soon must decide what to do with the Russian portion of the station, valued at more than $10 billion, because ASSOCIATED PRESS Doomed mission. The Mars '96 spacecraft lifts off on Saturday in Kazakhstan. The probe never made it out of Earth's atmosphere, How to eradicate hunger disputed give a mm mm mm mm mm. mm mm'-t Participants at the World Food Summit did not agree on how to achieve the goal. The United States wouldn't recognize a "right to food." COMPILED FROM WIRE REPORTS the summit sets out to halve by 2015 the number of people without access to sufficient food.

It also urged fewer trade barriers for food and opposed using food aid as a political tool leading to denunciations of embargoes by a host of speakers, including Pope John Paul II and Cuban leader Fidel Castro. "If it depended on me, I certainly would not have set an objective whereby 400 million people continue not to have access to adequate food," FAO's director general, Jacques Diouf, told a news conference. A handful of activists protesting that the summit was an empty gesture came within a few steps of Castro and other leaders before being ejected. "The United States believes that the attainment of any 'right to adequate food' is a goal or aspiration to be realized progressively that does not give rise to any international obligations nor diminish the responsibilities of national governments toward their citizens," the U.S. statement said.

only ROME A U.N.-sponsored World Food Summit ended Sunday in ringing calls to erase hunger but with differences over how to go about it highlighted by U.S. insistence that it did not recognize a "right to food." The five-day gathering at the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, overshadowed by the refugee crisis in Zaire, was the highest-level meeting called to discuss efforts to end starvation. The seven-point plan adopted by the 194 nations at Sy PS mo. Rivals say Saks will be good for business 300 BONUS MINUTES (Primary Phone) ACTIVATION FEE ($45 value!) 1st MINUTE ON ALL INCOMING CALLS 6 MONTHS OF UNLIMITED NIGHT WEEKEND (Primary Phone) Offer good for BellSouth Mobility customers using the combined billing option with a primary phone line on a qualified digital price plan.

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Bonus minutes, first incoming minute and unlimited nights and weekends are for local calling and do not apply to long distance or roaming charges. Certain restrictions apply. SAKS from A-1 Designer boutiques such as Giorgio Armani and Gianni Versace already are considering the area And upscale toy seller FAO Schwarz plans to open at Pointe Orlando, an upscale entertainment center under construction near the Orange County Convention Center. Even rivals such as Dillard's and Gayfers say Saks has helped them in other markets by drawing wealthier shoppers to the malls they share. John Fulmer, president of Rutland's Central Florida said he, too.

sees Saks as good for business. "What they will bring is an awareness of fashion merchandise," he said. Officials at Orlando-area department stores say Saks' core customer the wealthy, nonworking, socialite woman represents a small fraction of their business. "In some sense, Saks is capturing e.nAn a ctTnta of customer that spokewoman for Gayfers. But Saks also is reaching out to the mainstream, specifically younger working women who want the best but are willing to settle for Saks' private label and second-tier designer clothes known as "bridge" wear.

That group represents a much bigger slice of the Orlando market. Gayfers and Jacobson's are responding by increasing their marketing to keep customers loyal. But Saks knows who those customers are: The company has been scouting for months, hiring several well-connected managers to help tap the local market. The store hired Donna Holdnak, general manager of Parisian at Seminole Towne Center, and Joanne Billingsley, head of the women's department at Rutland's. Georgiana Ungaro, who once owned a popular boutique on Park Avenue, left an assistant buyer's position at Jacobson's to run the 5th Avenue Club, Saks' personal In addition to the usual pampering and delivery provided by other upscalers' personal-shopper services, Saks offers customer pickup service, a club room and even lunch, by appointment.

"We don't have valet service," said Philip Miller, chairman and chief executive officer of Saks Fifth Avenue. "But if you really wanted us to, we'd park your car for you." The Orlando opening is part of a statewide expansion by Saks, which already has nine stores in Florida. Many of those shops target affluent retirees. But Miller said the Orlando store will be more like those in South Florida, where Saks aims for wealthy tourists, particularly those from Central and South America. That's why the company chose Florida Mall, which attributes more than half of its sales to foreigners.

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