Argus-Leader from Sioux Falls, South Dakota • Page 2

Wednesday, August 8 lo Aftereffects Of Atomic Bomb Explosion Not Yet Known THE DAILY ARGUS-LEADER, SIOUX FALLS, S. D. Conferring on Atomic Bomb Atomic Bomb Factory MAY CAUSE TIDAL-WAVE NOT ENOUGH FACTS KNOWN FOR GUESSING 4 'V 4 i a a. v- i -ju ar fc Wr. 111' 4 i 1 it bclenusta connected with development of the atomic bomb, dropped on Japan, conier at Oak Hidge, trir -v--nir i 1 uMMM'MIMi lite of one of the government bomb projects.

From left are: Sir James Chad wick, Great Britain; MaJ. Oen. Leslie R. Groves, in charge of the project; Or. Richard C.

Tolman, of office of scientific research and development, Washington; Dr. H. D. Smyth, project consultant, from Princeton, N. J.

(AP wirephoto). areas at the Hanfurd Engineer Works. Pasco, where the new IN HARBORS Underwater Blast Would Be Powerful Only for Short Distance By HOWARD W. PLAKESI.KE lfe tillor New York, Aug. 8.

V-Tlie destructive effect of atomic bomb exploding underwater, a question which naval officers today refused to answer, i clearly forecast in the low of underwater blast written In the physics books. The law. and actual fart, i that the blast of an explosion under water travels five times faster than In air. And because it travels five times faster, its destructive radius is five tunes farther. This looks terrific, and it is.

But water differs from air in another way. It has a frreater cushioning effect on an underwater explosion. This means that once the blast has reached its five-fold farthest underwater distance, it rapidly dies In destructive power. The air blnst. after expanding cross its first complete destructive radius, keeps on going for mlU-s doing various sorts of damage.

The underwater blast does not keep on to. The reason for the five-fold faster progress of the underwater explosion Is rhe fact that sound travels five times faster in water than in air. Effect Worked Out Thus five-fold greater range of the danger none in water has been carefully worked out by naval officers and scientists, and men are advised how to avoid the effects if they are swimming near an Underwater bomb. The only fundamental difference between the atomic bomb exploding underwater and the warhead of a torpedo Is the distance the explosion travels. If the atomic bomb Is ten thousands times more powerful than a torpedo, the underwater blast will not travel ten thousand times farther, or anything remotely resembling that increase.

me honshu my I Richmond, Wash. (AP wirephoto). New Bomb President Truman disclosed TP i JAPAN i Maj. Gen. Leslie Kichard Groves Is head of the Oak Ridge, atomic bomb plant.

(Associated Press wirephoto. Estimate of jobless Cut Previous Guess of Number to Be Idle After Victory Too High Washington, Aug. 8 P) Government predictions around V-E day that 2,000,000 persons would be Jobless now were high of the mark by at least 30 per cent. Stating this today, a high official of the WMC said the agency' estimates made three months ago for early August had been "far too pessimistic." Currently no more than 1.400.000 persons who want Jobs are without them, said this official who asked that his name not be used. This compares with 1,100.000 unemployed in June and 630,000 In March.

"Despite these increases, the whole employment picture is much brighter than we had dared hope it would be at this time," the official stated. He cited two principal reasons why WMC's original estimate over- shot the actual August total by 600,000: While munitions cutbacks have been in line with predictions, their full impact on Industry has been delayed beyond expectations. Labor-starved activities such as agriculture, trade and service In dustries have absorbed workers re leased from war plants to a much greater extent than anticipated. The delayed effect of cutbacks is illustrated, the' official said, by the fact that munitions employment has fallen off by only about 1,000,000 workers since spring. It had been expected to be down about 1,400,000.

TROOP SHIPS DI New York, Aug. 8. h-Three i ships carrying 653 troops home from Europe are scheduled to dock in the New York area today. They are the William H. Jackson, with 416 men, the Paul Hayne, 21, and the Santa Marta, with 215.

Head if i i ill i 1 1 i Scientist Denies Saying Rays Will Persist for 70 Years By HOWARD New York, Aug. 8.pwsi menu that ravs fmm atc bomb that exploded in Hirnvwc wiU not be dissipated for nor that their possible lethal -7' fecu WIU entirely MnJZz? parently refer to partlclei of becomine rnHina.i,.- rarn blast effects. the to Dr. Harold Jacobson of Ne York, whose by-line appeared story distributed by the national Newt service. Denies Statement Jacobson, associated with a New York firm that prepares technic manuals, said today the article not written by him and did not con recUy represent his views.

Re he expected to issue a statement later In the day. An INS spokesman said the artiri, was "definitely Dr. Jacobson, tory." For many years scientists havs been making such particles by posing them to a blast of the raw of a cyclotron. These ravs are neij. trons, which are noncharged par-' tides of atomic size.

No on has said whether an atomic bomb emits blast of neutrons, but that li possible. The blast of cyclotron flow, up which produces radioartivi particles Is very concentrated. The blast of neutrons, if any from an atomic bomb would not be concentrated Tt an.vj,.'. uuuj a KUCSJ, In absence of official information, mot- jajs nugni equal i cyclotron's effects. But if they exist, In enough quan-tity to make radioactive particles, then carbon, silicon, Iron, oxygen or any other chemical element ex.

posed to them can be converted into a radioactive bit of matter. Thia means It gives off ravs like radium. And not only those but other rays, some of them stream of electrons, which are positively, charged electrons that do not normally exist In nature. These particles usually hae short lives of emitting rays and then be come inactive. Their lives last from few hours up to months and pot-sibly years.

Has Mediral lie One example, already in medical use, is iodine, rendered radio-active and used to treat toxic goiter. The radioactive Iodine concentrates in the goiter and its rays eat out the diseased tissues. However all these radioactive particles are harmless unless they are very close to a person's body or actually in It According to all the published facts before the war, about the neutrons. X-rays, cosmic rays snd all other kinds of rays, they disappear completely after the flash which sets them off. They do not hang around even momentarily.

They never come back. So it Is contrary to all expectation to think that the rays of the atomic bomb would continue to do damage directly. If they cause the radioactive changes, in huge masses, then there might be danger. It is a danger against which people could shield themselves. No reports of perils from ravi In walking around the New Mr ico area were made in the official announcement.

Dr. Enrico Fermi was reported to have been one of the first to reach the explosion site, and lie rode in a tank. The announcement suggested that the tank was a pro. tection. If, there are radioactive rays after an atomic bomb explosion, a much greater concentration of them would be expected in the first ffw minutes or hours than ever thereafter.

A tank would be a good protection against most of the rays, but not. against neutrons, the most lethal of them all. Water or wax are better protectors against neutrons than is steel. Hlghmore, S. D.

A report of the Hyde County Wood Growers association for the 1945 season shows that 157,219 pounds of wool ere sold at a value of $70,818. The wool was grown in Hyde, Hand, Hughes, and sully counties and was sow through Bud McKelvey of Ret Heights to the South Dakota Cooperative Wool Growers association, Brookings. blast speed anud destructive force Hed witn achieving the Implemen-falis off Inversely with the dis- ution of ttnmic energy for military tance traveled. purpases. This picture was made The question Is raised whether an wnlle Dr.

Oppenheimer was theoret- This is one of the Droduction atomic bomb, dropped on Japan, Director Dr. J. R. Oppenheimer. directs tle atomic bomb project laboratory Ainmf He cred leal physicist of the University of California.

(Associated Press wirephoto). WPB and OPA Open Battle Differ Over Controls Dispute May Go to President Truman Washington. Aug. 8. il't The retained to help down down the cost of living.

While this issue arose In connection with a specific WPB proposal lu iiu.i. duction. OPA has taken the position thHt overall price and reconversion policy are involved. OPA officials believe materials controls should be kept firmly In I place in any case where living costs; miKht rise if they were removed, WPB, on the other hand, is com- nutted to a policy of eliminating! controls as soon as tlie supply of any material warrants It. This difference has the two resolved by Mr.

Truman. OPA already has brought the dis- pute to the attention of John Snyder, war mobilization and reconversion director, and William H. Davis, economic stabilizer. tr ii 1 1 1 1 i I i "I Mitiwum THE WAR TODAY ALLIES DON'T WANT. TO WIPE OUT JAPAN BY DEWITT MACKENZE It Is with vast pride In an epochal discovery, but In no spirit of exultation, that we learn from our own authorities that 60 per cent of the great city of Hiroshima was wiped out by the single atomic bomb dropped on It, and from Japanese spokesmen that virtually all living things hi this industrial and military center were "literally seared to death." Exclusive possessions of the atomic bomb has placed the United States and Its allies in the peculiar position of being able to destroy Japan almost at will.

Yet I venture to say that most allied folk are hoping that the Tokyo government will show reason and surrender so as to remove the necessity of such terrible retributes Some in Favor of l-r i There are those who hold that the world would be better off without the Japanese race and I've heard that claimed within the hour. They advance as argument the military aggression and frightful savagery shown by the Japs during the past eiftht years in the war against China and finally against the other United Nations. And certainly there is enough evidence to hang the race, what with the rape and rapine and physical torture and murder which the Mikado's fighting forces have practiced throughout these eight long years. Still, I believe thqt even the proponents of destruction for the Japanese nation would, for the most part, really prefer to see the war settled more In the spirit of our new peace organization. 'As for the allied governments, they have made it clear that they don't want to have to administer the coup de grace to Nippon.

New Ultimatum Appears Likely President Truman has given Tokyo fresh warning in his statement announcing the terrifying creation of the atomic bomb. One would expect a further formal ultimatum, calling on the Japa- nese to surrender forthwith or suffer the extreme penalty. That should bring capitulation if the war lords have even a grain of common sense. The Japanese government knows that there's no question of the allies trying to bluff. The atomic bomb is no propaganda stunt.

And how can Tokyo be sure of that? For the very simple reason that the allies have had to hang their bomb on the line for all to see. loinic unucrwawr utnnu wumu cause a tidal wave. There Ls no certain answer now, but underwater explosions follow another definite course that throws much light on tidal waves and indicates they are unlikely, except in an enclosed harbor. Main Force Vpward The main force of an underwater explosion is upward. The forces take the easiest way out.

That is up and never down, because the water below ls more dense than toward the top. The underwater bombs now used throw geysers more than mast high. I Thev co nearly straiEht ud. The' more power than 20,000 tons of TNT. had been dropped on Hiroshima, shima, Hits Jap Base Monday that an atomic bomb, with were a "top secret, lor two years, and he asserted that atomic bomb developments "will revolutionize the worlt we live in." Japan, he observed, was marked for destruction by weapons already in use "but this cinches the Job and shortens it!" The $2,000,000,000 spent In atomic research was included In blanket appropriations under titles giving no hint as to the character of the work ne said, Graduate of Radio School Here pn Atom Bomb B-29 Los Angeles, Aug.

7. flV-Mr. 1 8nd Mrs. C. P.

Nelson, parents of pfc. Richard N. Nelson, radio op- erator on the B-29 atomic bomber. I said they were "doggone proud" i i that their son was a member of the history-making crew. -We hope this will speed Dick's return." added the father.

Young Nelson, 20, has been in the army air forces two years and was graduated from radio school i at Sioux Falls. A brother, Lt. Eugene Nelson. 24, is an army transport pilot stationed in South America. i (bomb burst symbol 1 a Japanese army base, American B29s also rained incendiary and explosive bombs on six Japanese war centers underlined) and fighters used rockets and machine guns on targets in Tokyo area A.

Air force headquarters said that photos showed To-yama 1B1, raided Thursday was totally destroyed. Mine symbols locate areas mined over weekend by B29s. (Associated Press wirephoto). atomic bomb would have to do WPB and the OPA are split wide much the same, except that its; apart on an issue embracing fun-, geysers probably would be tremen- jdumental price and reconversion, dous. In an enclosed harbor the i policy.

results of the geyser falling back I Likelv to be referred to President might be expected to create waves jTruman for settlement, what was; at least closely resembling tidal 'once just a disagreement now hasi waves, and they might be more boiled to an angrv quarrel over this I destructive to the immediate shores, basic point; Whether the flash of an under- i water atomic bomb would burst up "a PB. 1Tmtnp cn! School of Mines Secret Is Kept Graduates Work From Rep. Case On AtOmiC Bomb Custer. Aug. Francis Case, Custer, a member of the house Rapid Citv.

Aug. 8-A-8even- department appropriations teen graduates of the School of committee, said here today appro-Mines and Technology may have nations for atom bomb plants was developed. Thla factory Is at LOOSE ENDS STENOGRAPHER QUITS; SHE'S NOW FREE WOMAN IV BOB lONfS A stenographer quit her Job in Sioux Falls last week. Free, at Ions Inst, from the surveillance of the FBI, she was heading east, perhaps to get married, more likely to find a new Job, "get out of a rut," forget the war years. I won't embarrass her or her friends by mentioning names, but her story, as she told it to me.

ls most interesting. I would say she Is a lady In her middle 30', though still very attractive. Born in Germany of German-Russian parentage, the grandnelce of the glorious Madame 8chumann-Helnk, she was brought to UUs country as child. She spent long years of study as a ballet dancer, working with Pavlova, and ultimately was playing second leads with the Chicago Opera company ballet. Then ballet as an art went Into an eclipse.

She found herself unable to adapt herself to the new tap-dancing technique, so she went to business school and became an excellent stenographer. It wasn't until this war began that she learned her mother had died without becoming an American citizen, leaving her in the unenviable position of being classified as an "enemy alien," though she had been a loyal American since childhood. She suddenly found her beloved "freedom" drastically curtailed. She was not allowed to travel, her camera and binoculars had to be turned in. she was required to report regularly to the FBI and to carry, at all times, the hated "pink book" identification of the enemy alien.

Once, near the air base, she was caunht watching a plane throuuh borrowed binoculars, just out of curiosity, and was taken to the provost marshal. "We question several people each day." he said Jokingly. "We've pot to be careful of enemy aliens, you She boat the army report to the FBI. cleared herself, but didn't sleep for a week. With her theatrical training, she was granted permission to help stage GI productions at the air base, and worked many long hours to prove her patriotism beyond the slightest shadow of a doubt.

Satisfied, the FBI granted her permission to vacation in the Black Hills, provided she report all of her activities there to the U. S. district attorney. Finally came the most wonderful day of her life: she took an oath of allegiance at the Minnehaha county courthouse and became an American citizen in her own right. Several of the leading citizens of our community were among her sponsors.

"THE PENDLETON Stout," publication for marines stationed at Camp Pendleton. Oeeanside, pays hich tribute to a former Sioux Falls couple. Dr. and Mrs. Herbert J.

Day. He Is the son of Charles M. Day, president and editor of The Arsus-Leader, and the brother of Mrs. Holton Davenport. 2000 South Phillips ave.

The Days, according to the story, take carloads of flowers to the base each week, and for 2'i years have thus been bolstering the, morale of marines In hospital, reception center and chapels. The flowers, given by professional growers, are gathered and loaded each Monday. Wednesday and Friday, and taken to the camp each Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. "Last Christmas," the article says, "the Days carried out one of their largest scale operations when they brought four truck-loads of poinsettias to camp. Gladiolas hold the spotlight now.

To Dr. and Mrs. Day, sincerest thanks from CamPen maruies." Bisseton, S. Aug. 8.

Mrs. B. Agnes Slattery of Wapeton, N. has become home demonstration agent of Roberts county with head quarters at Slsseton. Mrs.

Slattery has her B. S. degree from North Dakota Agricultural college and has had advanced work at the Universities of Utah. Vlr- glnia, and Alnbama. Rhe is a for- mer county home supervisor for Farm Security.

She been an I instructor at Eureka, I I 1 i I I i 1 Into the air is something not tot cast by any of the now printed studies of underwater explosions. Farm Tire Pinch mm idSt DlSOnnrnrinn rWMI Washington. Aug. 8 Pi The shortage of tires for tractors and form implements is disappearing as a result of high production levels JjV past 18 months. RobwL.S Wilson, new director of WPB urograms, said today a survey by the rubber manufacturers association "shows there is to- dav little or no deferred renlaee- inent need in tractor tires and tires agencies at loggerheads, with rep-for farm implements" resentatives of each predicting the The rubber industry nrodueed quarrel eventually will have to 1.1033(il of these tires in the first of the year, a rate higher than the 1SH1 peacetime peak.

Present schedules call for the production of 2,211.100 tires for tlie full year and 2.669,400 in 1946. THE NEIGHBORS CkuiL 1 vwfr 4 if played a part in the development of the new atomic bomb, as they were employed at the plant which President Truman designated as Instrumental in building the new super weapons. Officials at the school inferred from letters of other graduates that they were engaged tn research in connection with the project. A letter received from D. Wayne uouon, a granmu 01 saia he was now at liberty to write that he has been working as technical supervisor of the chemical department of the Holston ordnance works at Kingsport, working on the "most powerful explosive known.

Kelvin Carpenter, graduate of 1939. Is employed at the Pasco. plant. The other graduates are employed at the Oak Ridge, plant. Brookings.

S. D. Tlu new stream-lined cntalog of State col lege is ready for distribution, an- nounees D. B. Doner, registrar.

This publication furnishes information concerning the school session of 1945-46 and contains a list of the faculty for the two years 1943-44 and 1944-45. Jff I I THOUGHT YOU, TOO, i WOULP HAVE A THE02V ON HOW THE JAPS ACE RGCfclVINa MILITARY INFORMATION YEAH, WE CARRIED HIM CPP TWE BUS HE'S DEAO TO TUB I WOULDN'T LIKE -EVI RBCKOH MT MIGHT SB $MACT I THAT TUB OOZR0. s. TO SEEM MELCOitAfAM'lcS IT WOULDN'T) I TO LEAVE ONE OF TO ME. ZoN5ArTxUJ OH, NO, MIS II -BJT Mfc.PVZON RllSHEP TOO MV HERE' i ARTMEii? KANE I LEAVE A OFF LIKE A MAM WITH A UNLAPYLIKE rWTIN'TWE HE 1 i MCH AAATTEZ5 SD I LTV CONSCIENCE fCR.

ME TO 1 WAy I'M 0OINLV IN THE TO THE MILITARY i ki fOLLOW WW.J y. 1 g. NOW, IF YOtl WILL 2--rri CVTvK 1 EXCUSE 3L I tVV7 1 1 its it j4 vcll Tthis provesIbreatwless COSM. 7 WHV do 6P I HIM AM b.o. rtTCMTy.Mv cuegs ib rr wasmStN is te vou're you have I your ey t-JZ -f -v' BETTER I B.OLWWo CULPRIT.

A kEEN TO GET I ON TH OPBN UP B0ISONEOVSHE idUST LOOKER) TO THE I Mgi. Tpa rU' t-X LITTLC) THE BE.j OBOY JClTVSOi EJgg Sffi? PS 'lt'a my lault, dear! I told him anybody who's been ing a jeep could drive any carl".