Corpus Christi Caller-Times from Corpus Christi, Texas • 4

Youth csttels and migrate And the fact CORPUS CHRISTI CALLER Wed Sept 29 1954 that if the Communist Ijmsic thinks a person CONTROLLED BY THE MVD thst a person may have to separate from husband or wife is only the kind of itcrifice that any loyal and patriotic worker should be ready to make in the hour of hia need! should to go to north Kazakhstan ha probably will find it mors unpleasant and difficult to try to stay in his Moscow job than to pack up his goods and Russians Have Lot of One-Day Dry Cleaning Service Persons Restricted to 1 City Same day dry cleaning when brought to office before 10 am Shirts (wrapped in cellophane) 17c with family wash has been the Battle states To be an Estonian or a Lithuanian or a Latvian has often been enough to insure deportation to the East In ths years immediately after ths war when the government was trying to force collective farms on the land and socialize the efficient Baltic Industries Aa a measure of what it regarded as security the MVD set out to reduce the purely Baltic populations by removing a substantial percentage of the natives and replacing them with Russian nationals An Estonian laid only a month nr so ago that resettlement had reduced the proportion of Estonians In their own land to less than 50 percent and much the asms is true of the two other states EUREKA Laundry Cleaners Dial 3-4459 Blucher St 1111 er Caucasian tribes that were uprooted and sent east because of charges that they collaborated with the Nazis and assisted the German army in penetrating almost to the Baku oil fields Actually there was a collapse of this front There is some reason to think the blame may have belonged to Lavrenti Boris their secret police head who was in general charge of ths Caucasus military front It would of course have been easy for him to shift the blame to poor and ignorant mountaineers who could not defend themselves and who undoubtedly saw little difference between being oppressed by Germans and being oppressed by Russians demand ths papers of all passengers The same thing occurs on railroad trains and at stations in MVD territory And most MVD cities have barriers that are dropped across the highways at night and no vehirle is allowed In or out of the city1 without a check of the documents 1 The only bright aspect of the picture is that the new government has not been sending any numbers of citizens into exile It does continue to receive some exiles from the satellite for example Bulgarian prisoners who are kixnvn to be! sent to central Aria But it haa not been sending any Af its own or only small numbers Even in the last years of the' Stalin regime the numbers of new "spetz" were falling off from the great post-war peak However ao long as ths whole notorious prison system is continued so long as the MVD runs Siberia and the far I north so long as these Industrial jailors need hands for their mines mills and just so tong will the government have an incentive and an interest in discovering new causes that will enable it to uproot i large masses of population from I comfortably settled arras and ship them off to frontier regions in the1 cast For the moment the government is trying to substitute propaganda i and youthful enthusiasm fori forced settlement by encouraging youngsters to volunteer for work in remote Kazakhstan and Siberia 1 in the new farm program However such volunteering also has its elements of coercion Moscow factory workers report We Rent Sell and Sharpen Secret Police was forthcoming aa a result of these travel! For instance it had been widely known that with the outbreak of World War II Stalid ordered the Volga German Republic dissolved and transported the 500-000 er more German residents thereof to the east But Just where in the east nobody Irnew The capital id the German Republic was the city of Engels in the middle Voigt Just opposite Saratov This correspondent saw Engela this summer from the deck of a Volga steamer While it appeared to be a thriving email industrial city the Volga River guide book laconically noted that through steamers "no longer slop at Engels" The reason for elimination of this slop is undoubtedly connected with the evacuation of the Germans Other populations that may well be themselves from some other part of the Soviet Union haw been moved in Obviously prying visitors are unwelcome IMOMT raised and vodka not wine is the drink For the most part the Tartars have been aent to rural areas usually regions heretofore untilled There if they can clear the land of stumps and stones if they can break the virgin cod with their ox-drawn plows if they can survive the rigors of ths climate and catisfy the requirements of the government procurement officer they may manage to cling to but hardly From the Ukraine and Byelorussia many Jews have been sent to far northern Yakutia with its pennafrost (permanently frozen subsoil) its Lena River ice-bound until June and its dark and frigid winters Many of the Jews have found work in the city of Yakutsk in its small factories and service industries I asked a young Jewish engineer who had been shipped out to work in the Yakutsk bakery after getting Into "trouble" in a Moscow factory how his life compared with that In Moscow He did not reply He simply snorted and looked at me as if I had loc my wits Having seen the mud and monotony of Yakutsk I knew perfectly well what he meant Many Ukrainians GUARANTEE HARDWARE CO 306 Staples Fh 4-0381 Classes Forming and rule more safely is obviously the copybook maxim of the secret police But not all come from a defined geographic region: Most persons who art sent to forced-labor camps are not permitted to regain full freedom when their sentence is over In almost every csss they are forced to live aa a for a varying period of one year to life Sometimes they must live as a in the same region In which the labor ramp ia situated In other rases they are allowed a choice cf other unattractive regions Some are permitted freedom to move so long as they stay 100 kilometers (G2 miles) from Moscow This rule has caused the growth of several large "100-kilometer towns" around ths Russian capital where live and where- they are visited by their Moscow families It must also be reported that quite a few such actually take a chance and sneak back Into Moscow In violation of their parole and passport If they are caught Fate of Germans Obvious Pattern EDITOR'S NOTE: Thii la another in a aeriei of article by a cormpondent of The New York Timci who haa Juat returned to this country aft- er live years in the Soviet Union For the first time ha is able to write without the restrictions of censorship or the fear of it By HARRISON KL SALISBURY Copyright 1IM New York Times How many millions of there are in the Soviet Union no one except the MVD can estl mats and even the MVD probably hasn't a precise figure' However the are so numerous that they have acquired this handy nickname A "spetz" Is 'a person in whose Soviet passport has been stamped in Russian letters the word "spetz" meaning a raon living under "special residence in other words a person whose residence Is limited to a particular city or region' There are a hundred for every forced laborer in the prison camps possible even a thousand You can find almost everywhere in Russia but particularly in central Asia Siberia the Far North and the Far Ft These people are free to work at whatever Jobs they can find fa a given area and to live ever they can (Main shelter there But they may leave the city or county only with the permission of the MVD The "spetz" are Germans who once lived in their own republic along the Volga or in the prosperous villages where Catherine the Great scattered them up and down the Ukraine hoping to infuse Industrious German blood into the lackadaisical Slav peasant stock The "spots" an Germans who lived "beyond the pale" In the forced residence areas of Czarist Russia that were found around the vast Pripet marshes 'in Byelorussia near Pinsk and Minsk They an Tartan from the Crimea a dozen kinds of mountain tribesmen from the Caucasus Estonians and Latvians from the Baltic and Greeks from Odessa and Nikopol They an former riveters from the Stalin auto works in Moscow former musical composers from Leningrad institute students from Kiev end peasants from the Ukraine They an the millions of dtizens of the Soviet Union who somehow or other by their own actions or more likely by accident of geography residence or nationality have fallen afoul of file Soviet authorities and been aent off to live in some distant and usually unpleasant locale Course Includes training In all ether secretarial eub-ects Complete course tor one low fee DAY OR Nothing Relieves Headache Quicker! CaiaSha w(lin Urn ncWtr paiB-raianiac laiiwtmKi hi iqtid bra Ttey T) TTPW AM fRuimeU an airtarij rMdf mat Ceradki trail of course it means going back to My tin im Kamr nH iM I4 TO am Fh 2-4165 POBox 2111 220 Laguna Above Shoopt liquid CAPUDINE Then are many Ukraniani In the Uzbek desert towns soms of them settled forcibly there as far back as the time of the collectivization program nearly 25 years ago Others were snnt east on charges of failure to resist the Germans or Rumanians when their lands wen occupied As In the case of the Caucasian mountaineers many of the Ukrani ana must have had little or no enthusiasm for what they regarded aa primarily a Russian cause In such cities as Samarkand Tashkent and Alma Ata quits a few intellectual exllei are to be found For example in Alma Ata one of the "spetz" is a former interpreter for the Soviet High Command in Tokyo He was sent back home and shipped out to Alma Ata as a because he showed too much enthusiasm for Western culture and Western luxury in Japan In this provincial capital he was found leading a surprisingly Bohemian existencs and' was confidently looking forward to a triumphal return to Moscow when as ha felt certain tne new government lifted his punishment Meanwhile he frequented the local cafes and guided visitors to the villa where Leon Trotsky lived during his exile in Alma Ata Such a vicarious existence is not enjoyed by most For example large numbers of Tar tars were uprooted from the Crimea where for centuries they had delighted to ait In the sun and drink wine Their crime too was feilure to resist the Germans and their republic also was dissolved The Tartars however were not sent to Central Asia a land and climate familiar to them and from whence in fact most of them had originally come They were sent Instead north and east to places like Rirobijan where 40 below zero Fahrenheit is common in the winter- and where ix grepes are Out in Central Asia however I stumbled upon some information as to the fate of the Germans In Stalina bad the capital of the Tadzhikstan a humid and remote land along the Afghan frontier about 20000 Germans have been settled Rural settlements of Germans have been planted deep into Tadzhikstan often under very rigorous conditions Thousands according to one German informant died of disease and hardships Stalinabad itself has an unusually neat and well-maintained appearance undoubtedly stemming from the fact that so many Germans with skilled crafts and trades are settled there But the resident Germans complain that they are not permitted to occupy any of the fine buildings they erect and instead are forced to live in mud shanties like the Tadzhik peasants while Russian bureaucrats move into the new apartment houses Judging from the bitterness ex pressed by these Germans Stalin's action in resettling them may have been militarily justified even if inhumanely carried ouL Although their families in moat oases had been resident in Russia at least 200 years the Germans still spoke only German at home and held themselves proudly aloof from all Russians They said that only some of the Volga Germans had been removed to Tadzhikstan The others were settled in tha east largely along the Transsiberian railway Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan have absorbed most -of ths small- Right Irom the pagesof LIFE Comes the New a the labor camps While in general Russians may travel free of any such watch and care on the part of the MVD a different but none the less thorough kind of precaution Is taken in the Soviet north and east where the MVD reigns supreme Ordinary Soviet citizens in European Russia and areas that are not under exclusive secret police domination may purchase railroad tickets and in most instances plane tickets without showing their passports However in MVD areas this is not permitted The passport must be shown obviously because of the possibility that the citizen may have escaped from a ramp or may be one of the millions of forced residents who are not allowed to leave a given area There is an obvious pattern in the way In which the secret police distribute the throughout this broad eastern land The key is always to keep them divided For example Jews are not sent to Birobijan where they have many compatriots They are sent to Yakutsk where the other population is Yakut and Russian Tartars are sent to Birobijan rather than to central Aria where their moriem compatriots the Uzbeks and the Kazaks live Caucasians am sent not to the mountains of Kirghizia but to the deserts of Uzbekistan! Ths Germans are silted down among primitive Tadjik (an Iranian tribe) peasants No one Is sent where life is pleasant or easy for him and ail are sent to population deficit areas to regions where it Is difficult or impossible to attract voluntary settlers because living conditions are so hard All the local authorities are Interested In Is In getting another pair of laboring hands As Gen Serpet Goglidze of the MVD once told former Vice President Henry A Wallace could put a million men to work in the Soviet Martime (Provinces) if I could lay my hands on them" As a result of the war and the of so many Soviet residents it Is quite possible that Gen Goglidze got his million men Another source of prime hands RECLINING CHAIR Spot Checks For Your Health This precaution la backed up by occasional checks" Thus an automobile bus may be suddenly stopped (as was one on which this correspondent was riding in a remote area of Kirghizia) and a couple of MVD troopers will and Comfort! i 'f little Publicity 1 'Mf 9 -j I DOWN ON ms 21 1 J- A Thera has been so much gme-: some publicity about forced labor camps In the Soviet Union that very little heed has been paid abroad to this far more common and equally vicious phenomenon In thousands of miles of travel! through Central Asia and Siberia' this correspondent encountered all -klndi and varieties of a specific word that he had never' even heard in Moscow In a num-j ber of cases the first definite In-' formation on the whereabouts of certain transplanted nationalities! -fr- at- A it -i (V 1 7404141 D-IA4S1J Ortw Pa M- tf i 7 -i A jt TUT ALL YOUR EGGS IN ONE BASKET AND WATCH THAT BASKET MODEL 867T21 FEATURES GALORE (Maw's leg Extensions for Toll People Available I FULL DETAIL The one basket we will always watch carefully is our reputation for accuracy and dependability FULL CONTRAST Reclines to Any Position Automatically! 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