The New York Times from New York, New York • Page 4

gfcfo-gorlt Crates, gunbinr, rfofor 31 3- 1 4 Ucfa-gorh Cimcs. SUNDAY. OCT. 29. 1863.

NEWS OF THE PAY. GENERAL KFW8. Ootnmiasioner Ortow, the accomplished Chief et (he Internal Revenue Bureau at WaaMnglon, resigned hi position last Wednesday to enter upon the discharge of Um duties of President of the United States Telegraph Company, to which poeiUon he ni recently elected. Hie suoceeeor aa Commissioner of Internal Revenue. It la now announced, will be Hon.

X. A. Botxrxs, the able and indefatigable Assistant Commissioner. Mr. Boixrjra haa been connected with the Bureau from iU organization early In 1863, ae eaebier.

and since the election of the former Assistant Commissioner. Hon. E. D. UcPuiao, to the position of Clerk of the Kattonal House of Representatives, aa successor of Mr.

McPBxnaoar. Be haa Boost creditably performed all duties assigned to him, through the success! re ednrlnUtratlona of Commis-elonere Botrrwxxx, Lrwia and Owrojr, legitimately earning the promotion to the head of the Bureau, which, it la now understood, is gracefully to hint by President Jotnteox on the special recommendation of Secretary McCcxxoch and- the retiring commissioner. He cannot fell to meet the Just and reasonable requirements of an interested parties. Commissioner Bollix a la a New-Hampshire man by birth, a graduate of Dartmouth College and of the celebrated Cambridge Law School. In his State Legislature he represented the district tn which he resided through several terms, being twice chosen presiding officer of the Assembly.

He la now about thirty-nine years of age. Commissioner Kolliss, on his return from short visit to bis home in St'ew-Haiapahire, -will formally asHume the position to which he has been chosen, on next Wednesday, Nor. 1, and will be succeeded in the position of Aiutiatant Commimioncr by Mr. D. C.

Whitmah, heretofore Chief Clerk of the Bureau, and now promoted. Got. Bramlette, of Kentucky, haa written to Secretary Stab ton in explanation of his objections to the action of Gen. Palmer, in regard to negroes. He says that there is no opposition in Kentucky to the freedom and protection of ail colored eoluiers entitled to Ui cm by act of Congress.

What is complained of Is, thai Gen. Palmes gives pasties to all negroes who wth to leave their employers, to go where thy like, This deprived farmers of the labor tbey needed during harvest, led to a great del of violence and bad conduct on the I of the negroes, an by exasperating fba people, prevented the election of a majority Ui the Legislature in favor of the constitutional amendment. Gov. Braaclxtte holdft that Gen. Palmer Las no right to go further than he is authorized to go by law, and he denies tho General's claim to be any more favorable to the abolition of slavery in Kentucky than he is himself.

The difference is simply that he wishes it to be accomplished by the adoption of the constitutional amendment, while Gen. Palmer aeeks to do it by granting passes, at his own discretion, and in violation of law, authorizing the negroes to go where and to do what they please. The Syracuso of Vedn09day, ears: Forty years ago to-day the formal celebration of the opening of the Erie Canal waa held simultaneously and enthusiastically at all the places along the canal. The meeting of the waters of Lake Erie and of the 'Hudson Biver waa the occasion of much rejoicing. The meeting took place at Lockport, and the late Capt.

Dajuki. Cadxt, of this put the first boat through the locks at that place, in which he was assisted by Major Hun Olds, now reeiaing here." The Titasville Herald says an experienced Colorado miner haa discovered in a spur of the Alleghany mountains, about forty miles west of that place, aa extensive lode of gold-bearing quartz specimens of which have been sent to Sew-York for analysis, and which are said to contain, for surface specimens, a fair per rentage of gold. Some excitement has already been produced by the discovery. The Cincinnati Commercial, one of the ablest and most enterprising journals of the West, has changed its form, and is now published on a quarto sheet, of the same size and style as the New-York dailies. The Philadelphia Prets ma le a similar change some weeks since, and it is understood that the Chicago Brpubltoan will soon do likewise.

Got. Oollsbt, of Illinois, La received a letter from Gov. I'esto expressing his sympathy with the enterprise ot building a monument to the memory of the late Pre-ident Liscolx, and assures the Governor that he will take occasion to confer with the prominent citizens throughout the State, and will adopt all proper means for awakening renewed interest in behalf of the Monument Association. Axdrew Jackson 11ooeks is out in a card declining to canvass Susses County, X. In company wuh Gen.

KiLTATRica. lie haa no idea of letting his benighted constituents in that part ot the State get any light if he can help it. C. Cbacmcet Bcbb and Martin Btkbso have made arrangements to hold Joint debates in Sussex County. Her.

IIexbt Shejjk, a Bishop in the old Meno-nite denomination ot Christians, suddenly expired on Sunday last, while in the pulpit ot his church, in Pequa township, Lancaster County, Penn. He had Just 'concluded an earnest exhortation and set down, when he drew a couple of long breaths and died. The 15th of November first anniversary of the day on which Briixai began his march to the see wiD. be celebrated ha Chicago by a TJnlon Con. vvntion of officers from the army which accompanied him.

Gen. Joan A. Loo ax is to pronounce an oration on the occasion. President Johso has officially informed the Governor of Georgia that he cannot recognize the people of any State aa having resumed the relations of loyalty to the Union that admits as legal obligations the debts created in their name in aid of the rebellion. President Johssox has issued a proclamation appointing the first Thursday In December aa a day Of National Thanksgiving for the close of the war.

the preservation of the Union, and the enlargement of civil liberty in the country. There were twenty thousand persona weighed on the scales at the Boston Mechanics' fair. The average weight of men was 111 i pounds; average weight of women was The largest man weighed 293 pounds; the largest woman weighed 274 S'. The passenger by the steamship XortK Star, which recently put into Norfolk. leaking badly, have published resolutions declaring that the vessel waa sent out in a totally nnsea worthy Two men, while racing on horseback, in Nash-wille, on Sunday last, came tn contact with a clothesline, which, catching one ot them la the neck, killed him instantly.

The rebel General Bcckseb is to be one of the editors of the New-Orleans CrtteakL The Burnett House, the loading hotel in Cin-cinnatU, was sold on the 20th last for $500,000. LOCAL NEWS. Ia the Circuit Court, Part IX, of this city, during the October term, there were three separate panels of Juror aamanoced, and out of them about on hundred Bon-atteadiag Jurors have been fined by the court $35 each. The presiding Judge expressed hie opinion to the effect that natal the Legislators of the State sees fit to alter the law. it will be.

impossible to secure the services, as jurors, ot the wealthy and burlaw tor of the city. They pay Gae fine prescribed by the statute rather than sit (a ths Jury box two or three weeks every year. Be concluded his remarks on this point by stih seeing the hope that soma actioa would be takaa by the next Ieglalarsre, ta regard to the law el jurors kx this city. Coroner Wiunheil aapnqneet, yesterday, a the Oat street PtJVw eririon, over the body of Bxa-sums Cnm.it saboc, who died suddenly, oa rrlday alght, ta Pan at BTangpter-omse Potat. James atta, Yesterday Capt.

Srxzaa and Special Thirteenth. Precinct FoBce, sriasjeil reis Tiisrmnn F'giiTTi r1 r-lrrl trinims TJalted Blasts motes isptsssnrMn sill. 000, ta a dingy garret ta the rear of Ko. Ooerck-etrast. The ease of the Detroit Water Commissioners es.

Bvaa and Sr. Joans, sureties on a bond ot $50,000, joe Messrs. Drcaxasoa Swats, who contracted to ooaatract eemla engines for the Detroit V. aior Works, ae Jlosiaa at a low oa tnry readered a verdict for the defradaats. The matter his been on trial tor the last two weeks in the Superior Court, Part I.

before Justice afcCcn and a Jury, and all the important facta have been fully reported ta the Tms. Coroner Cotxoc held an inqoest, yesterday, ever the body of Otoaoe Jowza Yccko, an opium eater, who died at BeQevue Hospital on Friday. Political Ornitlioloer. It ia sometimes both amusing and instruc tive to study the analogies which exist between the different deportments of nature the com paratave habits of beasts and birds, for example, and the organic structure and modes of life which are common to the animals and vegetable kingdoms. An interesting stndjr of this sort, ia natural history, has recently been furnished us in a new and unexpected quarter.

One would hardly look, for ornithological analogies in the developments of a political party the great un terrified Democratic party, for instance unless, indeed, it might be found in the memorable attitude of that famous rhetorical eagle who, standing on the highest peak of the Alleghanies, stretched one wing to the Bocky Mountains and the other to the Atlantic ocean and split in a blaze of glory. Nevertheless, the pages of the naturalist do furnish us with a coincidence which, though less imposing, enjoys the advantage of being more definite and comprehensible, than that which is formed in the fierce gray bird, with the bending beak, the fiery eye and tho very peculiar shriek. There is a bird, well-known in Europe, and, with some modifications, in our own country, called the cuckoo. This little snoop" ia distinguished for a trick of intrusive loafing, lie abandons his own nest if he ever had any and lays his eggs in those of other birds and the young cuckoo, when hatched, illustrates anew the usurping instinct of his parents, by elbowing "fevery mother's son of tho legitimate family out of their rightful home, and taking individual possession for himself. Can any one fail to see the completeness of tho parallel Here is a party which has tried out all its own issues, and been beaten upon all.

It claimed for slavery a limitless and uncontrolled power in the land the issue was fairly made, and it was beaten upon thai. It resorted to physical force. By a wise division of labor, one portion of it flew to arms while the other, abandoned by all the elements of public virtue it had ever contained, labored no less assiduously and effectively in weakening the hands of loyalty, and sowing discord and distrust in the counsels of the patriotic. It was beaten again. Its blows were ruinously returned its efforts to respond to revolt at the South with riot at the North were baffled its open challenge of the rightfulness of the war for the Union was triumphantly answered at the polls it was unequivocally beaten routed with hideous ruin and combustion by an indignant people and it had not a pretence of principle or policy left to shelter its nakedness.

Now was it not an ill bird that had thus hopelessly denied its own nest And would you not suppose that the only decent resort of a party so denuded and with such a record, was that so piteously suggested by the songster to "lovely woman" when she "stoops to folly" namely, just "to die?" Then you were never more mistaken in your life. Let the" Latin poet sing what he will, there is no such thing as a "monument more lasting titan brass." The Winter of Democratic discontent becomes glorious Summer by a very simple expedient yea, and we recognize the present as the- very Spring-time of Democratic immortality, for lo the voice of the cuckoo is heard in the land Noiselessly it chuckles, as it drops, one by one, itsresolutiOns in the Republican nest, and wait3 in hope till they shall be warmed into mischievous vitality by the fostering bosom of the great mother-bird at Washington, who, in her blind beneficence, is fondly expected not to know that there is a burglarious young cuckoo-Democrat in every blessed egg of them. And it is no divided empire, of which the callow usurper dreams. The young bird is described as being quite blind, but as gifted with a wonderful sensibility in the tips of its wings, with which it feels about, to discover -if anybody besides itself is enjoying possession of the nest Now, isn't this all over Democratic this muddle-headedness to all distinctions of light and shade in political philosophy, combined with this supersensuous faculty for the absorption of "spoils?" The Pro-slavery, Anti-coercion, Anti-draft, Anti-war-failure, Chicago platform party wants possession of the creed, the candidates and the standard-bearer of the popular organization which it has been fighting to the teeth for the last five years. Why Because it wants the emoluments that are supposed to accompany them.

It would "conjure" with the language which, to its wonder and dismay, it has repeatedly beheld so potent with the people but, like the drunken Indian in the missionary's kitchen, though it talks theology, it means cider, all the time and if the patriotic electors will only allow it to deposit its eggs this Fall in the snug receptacle it has so judiciously selected, we may soon look out for a specimen of cuckoo sharp practice," to wit the promiscuous tumbling of both candidates and principles all that savors of enlightened liberty and national faith over the edge ot the nest into space profound. Now this is a very pretty parallel as it stands but, did room serve, we could carry it further. The books represent the cuckoo as a bird with a bill of moderate size, and a tail composed often feathers." As for the "bill" of the Democratic party, we can judge better of its size" if the managers of that party, North and South, ever have a chance to present it which may Heaven forfend Judging from the portentous significance of their first movements toward the subjects of the national and rebel debts, taken with what we know oi the past financial obliquities of the party, we are not sanguine about its being moderate." The feathers" at first seem to xaake against our analogy, but there is nothing military about them they are mkiie feathers, and worn In that portion pf the person which the Democracy, through all our late struggle, were fond of presenting to the enemy. color of the cuckoo's eggs, it is also remarked, "is extremely variable, some being indistinctly covered with bran-colored spots, others marked with lines of black, 4c," and this may account for the different promise given by the Democratic embryo in' different locrlltics, 2tcw-YoiJi aal Kcw-Jersev. for in stance; bnt the watchful elector will pleaae observe that they all hatch tho same sort of bird, and nothing but a cowardly and treach erous little bully comes out of any of them.

We are told also that the probable reason of this singular trait in the cuckoo is the gKort stay makes in the country, which does- not permit it to 'rear its own family; "for if it took care of its own eggs and young, the newly hatched cuckoo would not be fit to provide for itself, bffore Us parent would be instinctively directed lo seek a new residence." But here, we fear, the comparison breaks down. We know what ought to be; but such a consummation were too good to be true. Suffice it, however, that our parable is made out, and the name and nation of the new party is definitely set down for the future. It is the Cuckoo party, and nothing else and Sown Vajt Brraxir, as its spokesman, is the very man to utter what Wordsworth calls the erratic voice" of the bird of Spring. Let him henceforth bear, in all the party processions, a ring- streaked and speckled banner, inscribed with the eloquent versicle of the nursery I am the Oockoo; My voice is Cuckoo; The people call me Cuckoo; And if you ever forget my name, I'll always tell you Cuoxoo Election-Expenses in England.

In these daya when placards meet the eye at every turn, reminding us that this or that man is the "regular candidate" for some office or other, we have found it interesting to read some statements which we have noticed in the English papers, regarding election expenses, at the late Parliamentary elections. It seems that in England an official account of the expenses incurred by any candidate has to be mads out and filed, where it is accessible to all, in the Sheriff's office, if we mistake not. As a mat ter of course, these accounts get into the newspapers, and we have been at the pains to bring together what we have found. A writer in Harper's Monthly, in giving a very interesting account of the election in the City of Westminster which resulted in the choice of John Stuabt Mux, says that the average cost of the C58 elections may be safely put at a thousand pounds." But the figures would seem to show that the average was nearly twice as much, for we find that the ex penses of 57 candidates as returned, foot up at 53,175, and as there must be two candidates at least to every election, the expense on both sides will corre near two thousand pounds. These expenses are very variable, the lowest expense that we have seen being that of a Mr.

Drat, in Dorsetshire, 139 4s. and the highest that of Mr. Grove, in South Wilts, who paid 5,171 10s. 4d. Thomas Hughes, the author of Tom Brown at Rugby, got his seat for Lambeth at a cost of 1,111 19s.

7d. The writer in Harper estimates the expenses of Mr. Mux's opponent at $50,000 to $100,000, but we do not as yet find an official statement of them. We have, of course, no such exact statement ot election expenses in this country, but they cannot be nearly as heavy as this. Nor are they smaller because the constituencies in England are larger than We find that in borough of only 6,261 peoplej the total election expenses were 1931.

In Maidstone, where the total number of voters was only 1770, the expenses foot up at 1,363 8s. an expense of nearly a pound a voter. It is to be noted, however, that only 85 voters remained unpolled, showing that the increased expense brings out voters far more fully than at our elections. Some of these expenses incurred are the same as our candidates incur, while some are entirely different. Committee-rooms and printing form large items in all cases, as also messengers and carriages.

In almost every case we find a large charge lor solicitor's fees, and always a large item to the returning officer, going up in one case to 250. Our poll clerks would thing $1,250 pretty good pay for a day's work or so. The following are the items of Thomas Hughes' expenses at Lambeth a. d. Cabs, couriers, inspectors aud check clerks on the day of polling 153 8 1 Returning officer 138 15 6 Agency clerks, messengers, 4c 317 14 0 Printing and stationery 251 00 0 Bill sticking 18 00 0 Postage and letter delivering T7 00 0 Advertising.

63 00 0 113 00 0 18 00 0 Rent of committee-rooms, A-c. Cab hire prior to polling day. Total 1,11 19 7 And his colleague paid 500 more than he did. The following are some of Mr. Grove's expenses in South Wilts i ad.

Agent'a bills, charges and payments 3,875 15 a Advertising; printing and stationery 433 Inspectors, clerks and messengers 221 IS 11 Conveyance and railway 256 is 7 ST787 13 11 The of items is not always full enough to give us information which would be interesting, as throwing light on the machinery of an English election. Agent's bills, charges and payments," is a charge which would cover almost anything, from buying off an opposing candidate to ducking an obnoxious agent And we noticed in several of the bills ominous, which reminded us of Lord Coke's In which, 4c. there is much learning." It is clear that one fleet of these heavy election expenses is to keep the representation of the country in the hands of the rich. It is not often that the friends of a man of letters will come forward with the $10,000 or $15,000 which were found necessary to give Mr. his seat But it is all the more to their credit and his when they do so, We are decidedly of the opinion that this feature of the English law might introduced here with a very good effect, and our candidates required to give official statements of their expenses.

If we had had such a law heretofore it might have thrown some light on certain elections in this city and elsewhere, which would be both interesting and useful although no doubt many illegal expenses are covered up under seemingly innocent charges, yet the fact that such expenses have to be covered up at all is always a check upon them. We suggest the matter as one proper for the consideration of all parties, at least after ths election is over. Mm. Brsxzs os tsb -nmr Character. Mr.

Brsxnt, in bis late volume entitled Sesame ami Lilies, declares Englishmen, to be "a money-making mob," which is satisfied with concentrating its soul on pence!" This is the perfect echo on I English soil of Nao-lxons famous description of England aa a nation "of shookeeoera." It the veannear- ance and affirmation by an Engfishmaa of the Emperor's verbal attack on the British char; actor. How just it is we leave Mr. Bobxiv and his countrymen to settle between them selves. The "Age of Wealth." The philosopher who shall hereafter de scribe this age will especially entitle it the age of Not only has the great in crease in the production of gold raised appa rent values the world over, and thus made living seemingly more expensive in all coun tries, but the vastly augmented productiveness of all labor in the most civilixed communities has brought about in the last decade an immense increase of wealth. In Germany and France the building of railroads, the emigra tion of a surplus population, the removal of mediaeval barriers of trade, and the use of machinery, have caused a stream of riches to pour through their fields and towns.

The wages of labor rise, comforts are spread abroad, luxuries are in demand, as was never before known in the experience of those coun tries. The great wniilA class are acquiring what was once the possession of the aris tocracy, and the laboring class are approach ing more the position of the corresponding class in this country. There is no longer anything of that cheap mode of life for cultivated persons in Germany and Switzerland that used to be. Expenses on the Continent are not materially less than here. In England, though the contrast with the past is not so great the accumulation of wealth is vast beyond all precedent The skillful finance, low tariffs and increasing energy of the British people, have brought produc tion to a point it never reached before in any civilized community.

Though in the most unfavorable natural position, without sufficient agriculture for the support of the nation, and all the burdens of a most unequal social system, the Anglo-Saxon vigor and the independence and self-reliance bred by a liberal commercial policy, have rolled up such wealth as was never seen before in the hands of so many persons. Travelers inform us that the extravagance of London exceeds now all bounds. The equipages, servants, jewelry, paintings and personal expenses of so large a class are be yond anything hitherto known. We hear of paintings scarcely a foot square selling for $10,000 of a whole gallery of water-colors where each picture would average its $2,500 of ladies who have a new and costly dress every night in the year of street after street where each person must spend his $30,000 a year; and of a whole block a mile square being built by a nobleman where every house is on so princely a scale as to demand an annual income of at least $50,000. We hear of manufacturers and merchants by the hundreds whose income must be measured by the hundreds of thousands of dollars.

The lower class, too, are rising, and everywhere wages are mounting up, until now, servants' wages in London and New-York are nearly equal. With all this vast increase of wealth in Europe, comes an equal growth of materialism, which on the continent shows itself in submission to arbitrary power and exclusiveness with regard to political liberty, and in England in indifference to any public principles but those concerning the pocket. In America, the next quarter of a century is to be characterized by a production and general distribution of wealth, never experienced in the history of the world. Though with less accumulated capital, we are undoubtedly now the richest country in the world that is, a larger number of persons enjoy a greater proportion of commodities of luxury, and obtain a greater profit from labor than in any other country. A bad system of finance, or a too retrograde commercial policy, may, indeed, suck out more of the results of production than we have experienced hitherto; still the boundless natural wealth of the country will always make us rich.

The immense grain-fields of the West will yield a greater proportion, or what is the same thing, will be brought nearer to consumers by cheaper transport new ma. chinery will increase the yield oi the human hands new railroads and canals will be built better methods cf agriculture will be discovered in the Eastern States manufac turers, more and more left to themselves, will gain additional strength and economy from their independent position; fresh mines of coal and iron, and gold and silver, and petro leum, will be opened the capital of Europe will develop our vast mining region, and commerce recover from the shock of war and the too sharp competition of foreign ship-builders working under a cheaper system. Individuals will everywhere grow rich, and more persons will probably be well off than were ever known in the history of the world. With increasing wealth in America, will also be experienced advancing materialism, and all the evils of older and more corrupt civilizations. The sins which especially our moralists and preachers will have to struggle against for the next generation, will be the sins ot wealth.

We already begin to see their dark shadow. One of the worst effects of extravagance Europe, is on marriage. We already observe in New-York how unmanly and Parisian the tone of young men is becoming on this matter. Few young men of the middle class will think now of marrying with out $3,000 or $5,000 assured income many demand much more. We shall soon have here a large French class of bachelors, who take the indulgences of life without the duties.

The old American simplicity and manliness in these matters are dying out Other evils, which we have not the space here to point out, will certainly spring from this tide of wealth which is soon to roll over our fields. All who guard and direct society, should be "Warned in time. Sixth ahd Sxvzntb Sesatx Districts. --The little! more than a week that remains before the election, should be given to an active canvass by the Union electors of the Sixth and Seventh. Districts, where the MHatfH for Senators Abraham Lett and Mur- rm ere worthy of united and zealous When conventions present such nominees, theyj confer a jfavor upon the electors, and if the electors do thevr duty, the city and all its great and.

varied interests wul be promoted ana pTOtectea. Thz Second Judicial District. In Ma dis- rww Mr. Ttearw Diwsu (Vwtnv, VTe of Brooklyn, have been nominated as candidates, to fill the place of Judge Baoww, whose term will expire on the first of January next. Mr.

Gxlbrrt, having received a nomination from the members of the Democratic Convention, who withdrew therefrom for very good reasons has also been indorsed by the Union Convention of the district This should, said probably will, ensure his election. He is an able lawyer and an upright man, and withal a loyal War Democrat We trust it is not necessary to ask tor Mr. Gilbert the hearty support of the Union men of the district Corporeal Punishment. The case of Major in Vxbr, of the British Boyal Engineers, who was deliberately shot by Johr Gurrxb, a sapper under bis command, was lately commented on in this paper in an article under the heading of Military Morality." In it extracts were given from letters by officers of the corps to which the deceased Major formerly belonged, declaring that their security required that the murderer should be taken from the civil authorities and tried by a court-martial. Though their assertions in this particular have been unheeded, it is decreed that the criminal shall be transferred to the military authorities for punishment Cvrbie is therefore to be executed at Chatham Barracks in presence of the regiment of which he was a member when he committed the crime.

It is due to his comrades to state that no collusion on their part is charged or even suspected. The London Daily Heuos, in a leader upon the subject, laments that the present system of British military punishments, among which it enumerates head-shaving, flogging, does not tend to reform the character of the soldier at the same time, with singular inconsistency, indorsing the proposition for the execution of the murderer in the compulsory presence of his former comrades, on the ground that, if any one of them be at present at heart a murderer, he will be taught by such an exhibition, a lesson he will not be likely to forget. Permit us to add, that criminal records abundantly prove that such lessons are not only not forgotten, but in too many instances, imitated and embellished with additional horrors. To us it seems absolutely cruel to compel the unnecessary attendence of guiltless men to witness any act of barbarism. It is painful to behold even brutes ill-used, and laws are made to punish Buch, atrocities in all civilized countries but to be condemned to witness a fellow-creature deliberately killed or maimed with the cat is a refinement of barbarity disgusting to our present state of civilization.

Admitting that prompt justice is necessary in all cases, especially in military affairs, it is contended-that the contamination of such exhibitions should be strictly confined to the culprits, the executioners, and the minimum number of necessary witnesses. It is hardly possible to overrate the evil effects produced upon either children or men by frequent ocular contact with scenes of cruelty or horror. In a school where public punishment is commonly resorted to, human pain and the cry of innocent anguish soon becomes a subject of childish merriment Without his knowing it, the heart of the spectator is hardened and brutalized. Not only on one subject but on all, the moral catalepsy benumbs the finer feelings of humanity. In proof of this, it is stated that in old times, when men frequently expired under the lash, officers of the highest grade in the British army declared before a committee of the House of Commons that, in their view, flogged men were not specially degraded by the punishment They asserted that many of the best soldiers were flogged men that reckless beings, whom no law could bind, were needed in armies to perform reckless deeds, and that the punishment of the cat, when received by such soldiers, did not, in their eyes, degrade the recipients.

It might be expected that such men would be almost consistent advocates of the continuance of the system. But it is equally manifest that, with regard to its right to existence, they were neither unprejudiced judges, nor even competent witnesses. It would be certainly erroneous to select as- umpires those' whose consciences are seared by frequently beholding the commission of the crime. It would be submitting to a jury of executioners the propriety of the practice of capital punishments. Whether the penalty of death be permissible or not, it is certain that no public exhibition which tends to lower the dignity of man ought to be permitted in a civilized nation.

If necessity require life to be taken for the public good, let it be performed, but bide as much as possible" the shame of mankind. Solon said that that na tion was best governed in which an injury done to the meanest citizen was felt as an in jury done to the' community. Our Gold Bearing Regions. We publish in another part of this morning's paper a very full and interesting account of the gold regions of California and the Bocky Mountains. It is from the correspondence of Mr.

Saitcxl Bowles with his journal, the Springfield Re publican the whole series being the ablest and most valuable report ever made of the charac-istics ol the Western and Pacifio portions of our Union. Not only those who have direct pecuniary interests involved, but all who are curious upon the subject, will find the letter published to-day "worthy a perusal. i Thx Asscublx. Charles P. Szsvaaa, the Union nominee for in the Twelfth Ward, is a most deserving and man.

It is a nomination eminently fit to be made," and we hope that the electors will make a vigorous effort to elect hlnx, 1 The Florida Tihrs. Beed Horxn eox have commenced the publication at Jacksonville. Florida, of a daily journal called the Florida runes. It is handsomely printed andably In short. It does credit to the name' it has adopted.

Mr. Bsxo who performs editorial labor upon the Florida Tim la a veteran In the service, having served an apprenticeship of twenty years upon different journals in the Korth. Kcw-Havch Batlroad. Those persons who have occasion to travel by this Important line oi conveyance, will doubtless be glad to learn that the work of rebuilding Cos Cob Bridge, destroyed by firaj on the night of the 14th Inat, has been so fur completed thai trains wul probably pass over it soms time to-day or to-morrow, and by Monday next all the trains will be running again on titeir usual time. Instead of bulky epane ot 120 Seek long, ae formerly, piles have been driven and trimmed off level with the atone piers, and vpon the whole a heavy frame-work of Umber is constructed to the level ot the road bed.

The new bridge ia believed to be atronger if possible than kat m. it i borne ia mind that everr Seeeof ttaiberfertheeoaalnetioiief pwaaea wu meodeble alacrity. FROM THE ftOtTTH. at ft lev very and tlm tfes RsbtUlei peetse Rewtla lai GeaeraL. From Our Own Oerreepondeat WAAHmoTOir.

Tuesday, Oct IT, lseg. It. There are those who have denied that slavery- hw cause we re oe toon ana crru war, oai manucst was uu aner inougai wee suggested By ffcjg, i desire to dignify the contest in the eethnaUos) of the world. It was the diplomatic argument of the Masons and SUdeDs with the European conrfs; or nay first have been suggested to the rebel mTneuilma by the more eagaclotte diplomatists of London and Parts. But every American, of whatever degree eg gence, knows that the Southern rebellion erigtaeted in slavery, as certainly as that the PennaylvaaJa re bellioa originated whisky.

It is nevertaetees tree that the ebjeete of the war were greatly changed be i tore its termination: and that while it originated aa the slaveholders determination to extend sad pa. petuate their peculiar institution, it became gradual, i ly transferred into a war for independence, BUrery became a secondary consideration, and the first un-j portanoe was given to the establishment of a Southera Confederacy. This transition had gone so tar, that before the Confederacy had- collapsed, the: general abolition of slavery was freely discussed, and the' policy of arming and liberating many thousands we resolved upon. It is this state of thing which explains the easy acquiescence of the, people In the forcement of the Emancipation Proclamation of PreaV dent Lraooiar, and the few regrets that are expressed for slavery. The public mind bad become patpare4 for the change, before it took place; and the doom of alarery waa regarded as fixed, whatever might at) the result of the war.

1 Strange to aay, the people of the South, eo far as my observations among them haa. extendedheve come generally to recognize in the events! of tbV last foot years, the visible hand of Providence, uplifted to tree the slave. This feeling is by no mesne confined te thMe who never sympathized with the rebellion, and original objects; for I heard it. ofteneet expressed by those whose whole souls were enlisted in the causa. Sometime the avowal would be most incongruously associated with an expression of unbelief in thi utility or beneficence of freedom to the negro, as if that which is admitted to be Providential could be othe.

wise than good. I beard of others, but never met them, whose preconceived ideas of what God's Provt dence Is, or ongbt to be, have bees so sadly fllaap-pointed by the issue ot the straggle, to make theaa unbelievers and atheists. This quarreling with the ways of Providence, however, will not last; long, ea cept in very depraved natures; and. on the whole, regard the almost universal admission that a higher power than man's has decreed the freedom of the down negro, as the moat hopeful sign Of the times. It Is, tn every point of.

view, fun of promisew It inspires the hope that ultimate justice will be done to the negroes; and that in future the religion ef the people win embrace, as among its moat sacred tenets, the doctrine of the absolute rights ot human aatare, It is a rare and marvelous thing in history, for whole people to recognize the hand of Providence raised for their chastisement; and the event cannot fail to be fruitful of lasting good, Iff There are those who see, or think they see, tn every concession of rights to the negroes a corresponding assumption of importance, and a manifestation of insolence and insubordination I heard this complaint oftener in Washington in yeara past, and especially at the time sf the abolition of slavery tn the District ot Colombia, than during my recent tour through the South. For my ewn part, I have never seen anything ia the conduct ol the negroes to justify the complaint and this, I believe, is the experience of nine-tenths of the Southern people. I waa almost invariably assured that the conduct of the negroes In this respect had been wonderfully good. The complaint was general that they were not disposed to work; but of iasubotv dlnalion or insolence I heard next to nothing; It is the experience of all, in town and country, in the streets and on the country waysides, that'; they same -white people as of old, with a lifting or the hat, a bow, and "Servant, These polite aah tationa partake too strongly of their slavish 'orighv to please an enthusiastic lover- of liberty and, equality, but it is the negro's natural expression at -humility, docility and social Inferiority; tend In ths actual! circumstances by which they are rounded, it is doubtless better than an abrupt adoption of the airs of equals and free. men.

As they become elevated tin the social scale, j' they will command more respect, and receive li. IV confeaa, on the other hand, that I see So change, la the imperious manner of the whites toward the blacks. Hired servants are ordered about in the old style, aee they obey as uncomplainingly, though their frequent abandonment their employers can no doubt be traced to this souroe. They rarely retort with sharp and insolent words, bat they quietly go away, and seek other employment, or stroll about the country. The white people mast tone down a Utile mthefer i bearing toward the freedmen, it they expect faithful and long-eononned service.

1,1 i There is a general complaint la the Sooth, as I have said, that the negroes are indisposed to work; although (' nearly all the labor done ia by the truth a is, there is not a great deal to do the present year, ta consequence of the short crops planted ia the Spring, Very little cotton or tobacco was plan tod, and even the corn crop is apparently short, although It y-is everywhere good, and so tar as saw, welt cultf- vated. There is no cotton to pick or pack, and ne baceo to cut and cure; there Is but little money hj me'j country, and with a superabundance of laborers, ft the occasion, wages are low. It Is not surprising, therefore, that scores of negroes are seen stroIHag about, doing nothing. The same is true of thi white people; bnt the latter being lees gregarious than the I blackav make lees Impression of 1 (Pen ess, It ts thought by many that great suffering wCI overtake the negroes during the approaching Winter, But I see no reason why the same resources they bow have will not then avail them, large number are 'em ployed on the farma, or as domeetie servants; Baaay have little stores of provisions laid up, and It is probe- -ble that the demand for labor will greatly Increase as society gradually eertfes down jon its new foundations ot There will bef wood to haul during all the Winter, fences and houses must be repaired after five years of neglect and. after' a very snort Winter, the ground must be broken up for a crop far, larger than' has been planted since the 11: war commenced.

AH these operattona must be per. formed by negioee where they constitute half or more of society, (and it Is in such districts that the jdanger of their starvation exists,) so that on reviewing the situation I see but slight ground for apprehenaioa," And at the worst, a little wboteeome discipline, ad r. ministered by poverty growing out of WWnees, would not be misplaced. ''rf There are 'many very embarrassing circumstances the present situation ot the South, but there is one which inspires hope, fit is the blgb prices which Southern, staples commihd Jn the markets at the "world; and this is especially true of cottoev Ordinary inducements might fail to rouse the Southern people white and black, from the lethargy which follove a great revolution In the social relations i but whs ec ton brings sixty cents per pound mlfew-Tork tt Is impossible that the fields wul go untiHed, The pleat era win engage next Spr lng in their old vocatioa. sad if they only, succeed la making half a crop, they wi3 be amply remunerated 'for their enterprise.

They must not forget, however, that the laberers ere entitled to share ia the large' profits ef th eottoa eaV rare. If they expect to eecure faithful laborers lief 1 mast pay In proportion to their own profits. i It may be doubted If agriculture ever before offered Inducements to the enterprise and ekjn a people" are now held out tn the South. Somebody ill step tn to avail of them. If the Southern proprietors hvfl do eow If they cannot conquer their; prejudice against free negro labor.

Northern men with who have no such prejudices, win take their places and the cotton wffl be produced, i The experiment has been tried in til parts of the world, and tbereeaa no longer remain a doubt that the South is to00 paraUy the country for cotton. It is equally that the negroes are the best laborers for the ttSo which cotton nourishes; eo that Providen'je to have ordered thinga in the best possible way. onee for the development of Southern Industry, aoa. for the employment and civilization of the negro csc The same combination of lavoring circumstances wist the same time teud to draw the legro tfVJrr southward, to concentrate It tn those warm Uwtttdes i i.