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The New York Times from New York, New York • Page 24

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CHAI.U3 OF HOBMIiGSIDE nSIQirrt SET APART TO AELICIOX. KOCCATIOS. AJTD JJEVEYOLESCE. VI Citadel of Lofty Asolratloas Work on tk Cathedral of It. Jk tnlverelly, St.

Lake's Heesiltal Croat's Teaa Kearly CtaBleled To BUI Restricted to Iseo Maraioaloas No gift of prophecy needed to name tbe pot destined to bo tbo most attractive In this city. While tbo show pUcea now established, of which tho people are proud, and which strangers visit, must continue to Interest tho multitude, there wlU bo only ono Mornlngslde Heights. Sky-scraping offlco buildings, crowded business districts, broad streets. Exchanges, tho man sions of tho rich, art galleries, theatres. OMrs snd eoneert lulls.

Una' drives, and leafy parka are common to all tbo great ccntrea of population. It la reaervod for this city to set apart a spot with natural surroundings of uncommon beauty dedl- u. wuAvuy benevolence. Viewed from tho residence section which apreada below to tho oaat and south, tho Heights present tho appearanco of Isolation, similitude that symbolizes most appro ii "i 1C riot sf Moralagalite Helkta and prlately the urn a It will serve aa a citadel of lofty Valleys Intervene between tho woods and rolling meadows of mi rrk i uiitvuuii, iuv plateau of Washinnton Heights In the other, and from tha valleys tho approaches aro cut tn prectpltoun walls of rock. Ttlrerslde's grareful stretch of landscape.

Winding away from the Heights and yet not detached from them, with the Hudson Kllstenlnsr below and the picturesque shore across, adds vastly to the possibilities for effective adornment of that part of the city. The Fine Arts Federation, the clearing house of art In all its forma, has pointed the way In the suggestion that the proposed Soldiers and Sailors' Memorial Statue be placed at the entrance to Hlverslde at Seventy-second Street. Since Oen. Grant's tomb is at the head of the drive, the erection of the war monument at Saventy-. accond Street would practically consecrate Riverside to memorial uses, a service for 'which artists declare it to be eminently suited.

The river would enable flotillas to I Join with land forces In any demonstration, and rivalry and Jealousy among sections of tha cfty over tho location of memorial statues would bo sunk In favor of a common Impulse toward a memorial park. Thoughtful forecast of the future of Morningside Heights associatea the Heights and Riverside In a comprehensive project for public adornment, which may now easily rlva to the city distinctive charm among the ffreat ccntrea of civilization. lanproveaac-Bts on Morslagilde, For the reasons thua Indicated probably no apot In tho city Is observed with as Much Interest this Summer as Morningside Heights. It does not draw attention be-, cause of Ita attractiveness except as an eminence, but because of tho promises of early development manifested In a general 'condition of upheaval, of excavation, and of the disorder of constructive work. Plana long cherished for the devotion of that commanding1 spot to tha most exalted objects have at last taken tangible, visible form.

From the elevated train passengers may see tho foundation piers on which the mm. mi Mr uJ ID hi I 1 Library of Colaaabla Vl verslty. Cathedral of St. John tho Divine will rest growing higher above the ground week by week. The yellow structure long occupied thla alte.

formerly known aa the Leake avnd Watta Orphan House, looks quite dingy (enough for Its present use. aa a toolhouse for tho men engaged In preparing to rear Che central mass of the cathedral. Beyond the derricks, stays, and piers that mark the apot of operations for this struct-air rises the first group of the St. Luke's Hospital buildings. Its walla testifying to the efficacy of a light act on a hill.

The. ATOthlo outlines of tho stracture appear already, although obacured somewhat by the framework of scaffolding still necessary evgalnst portion of the wall and by the tower. There can bo no doubt that tho hospital group, when, completed doubling its present alae will be a fitting companion to the other rich architectural adommenta with which the bill will be beautified. 4 A little to thJ north loom the walls of the Library Building of the Columbia Unl-reralty. Within weeks that edifice will niilv tor a.

roof. It impressea an observer already with Its importance. 4 I though It consists merely or pare waa et in a field littered with heaps of dirt, atone. Iron, and brick. Columbia is coo- JJete only In Its fence, a tall, well-made ron girdle in place of tho toppling wooden pickets which formerly inclosed the Bloojn-Ingdale property.

The asylum building- still has nIJ, n-'pt as a j.ace tools and suppiu-s. While the cathedral. St. Luke's Hospital, aad I He Columbia University property nearly fill tho top of the htlt, as seen from the esst. a comprehensive view cf the tail in-elude much mora of public interest.

Across Amsteriam Avenue, from the cathedral property, at the northwest corner of One Hundred and Twelfth Htreot, ground has been broken for the Homo for Oil lien and Aged Couples, now situated In Hudson Htreet. On One Hundred and Twentterh Street, north of tha Columbia grounds. Teachers College is Following this Mummer's cuitom on the hiil. an extension ia under way there which will enlarge the facilities for tha Important work already begun. In the block bttween One Hundred and Nineteenth and On Hundred and Twentieth Streets, west of tho Boulevard, foundation work has bfen atarted for two halls for Barnard College, and on Riverside Irive.

on a line with On Hundred and Twenty-third Street, stands tha Grant tomb, whoso exterior Is so nearly finished that visitors can now sea how It will look from the outside when. Interior work having ben completed, the tomb will be ready for the reception of Gen. Grant's body on tha anniversary of his birth next year. Work on these seven undertakings whl be continuous from this time. Only first-class construction will be tolerated In any of them.

They will require the outlay of several millions of dollar, and those in charge of tho respective expenditures are naturally concerned in tho quality, not only of tho work, but also of tho neighborhood. With the view of encouraging what they conceive to be a proper use of tho hill, the managera of the cathedral, St lAike's. and Columbia projects have joined, under the title of the Mornlngslda Protective Association, for the restriction of the territory bounded by One Hundred and Tenth and One Hundred and Twenty-second Streets and Morningside Avenuo and Riverside Drive to uses generally harmonl-oia with those already projected. Plana are well In hand for practically tho exclusive occupation of that territory by Institutions having kindred relation to the purposes to which tha hill seems to have been ri fn caujree at a srM -M0 -f IT Korthera End of niverslde Drive. dedicated.

The Intention is that It shall become a fine park, tilled with noble structures; As a beginning in this line, propositions have been made to the Historical and Genealogical Societies to locate on the hill. Cathedral Foandstlon Work, There are laid under the cathedral site lS.OOft cubic yarda of concrete, or nublo feet. It would make a wall 2 feet thick. feet high, and 1,755 feet long, which would Inclose the four side of an ordinary city block. The pyramids were not more securely laid or any of the mammoth structurea that are famous throughout the world.

All the concrete was subjected to the most severe tests possible. The result Is. that a mass equivalent to 13.0OO cubic yards of rock has boon imposed upon natural rock in perfect condition. The piers thus have aa their support the equivalent of two solid rock foundations. One of the piers the one ihat will assist in the support of the dome can sustain a weight of pounds.

The weiKht of the Manhattan Life Insurance Bulkilnp. fully loaded and equipped for its present use. Is about pounds. Although the other cathedral piers were not built for such weight as the heaviest pier, they are of the most substantial character, and will bear with entire safety the masses that will rest upon them. There has never been In this city, possibly nowhere else, a more Interesting construction than the foundation work for the cathedral.

A side view of the hill gives the Impression that It Is a mass of rock, from which It misht be supposed that perfect foundation might be had by a little blestlng and -hewing. Kven borings did not at first betray the real character of the rock. When actual work began, splits and breaks In the rock were found, Vaoft places appeared, and other Imperfections that had not been anticipated. Water at a few feet below the surface aggravated the situation. Trouble on this account yielded readily to drainage.

The work thereafter necessary has since betm compared to a ftitrantlc piece of dentistry. In the removal of imperfections holes were dug deep into the rock, one of them being sunk more than sixty feet before firm bottom waa reached. When the cavities had all been thoroughly explored, they were carefully sponged to make sure that nothing unsound should escape attention. Then came the concrete packing, wedged In to till every crevice. It waa laid In steps tnd with the utmost care, to guard against possible mishap.

At the lowest mean level of the excavation the foundation was massed, but as it approached the level of the ground It ramified for the distinct pier foundations and it reached the surface in branches. There are forty protruding masses of stoae. consisting of piers and their subsidiary adjuncts. The work above around Immediately in hand has to do with the cathedral choir, which alone will be more Imposing than any church edifice in the city. It is the intention to Inclose it, however, only with temporary walla, which may be removed when the remaining portion of the structure shall be built.

The choir will then be well within the outer walla. There will have been expended on foundations and choir construe-' tlon it Is estimated that the cathedral complete will cost This will probably give as good an idea, of what Is to be done now. and eventually as anything short of technical description. It meana that the outer permanent wall will not touch the choir portion of the cathedral below the arches, which will be feet above the floor. Until meana 'shall be definitely provided to complete the building the walls of the choir section will, of course, stand.

Their removal will occur when operations In other parts will make possible an enlarged expanse of Interior. The cathedral ultimately will be 5-" feet long, and the dome will rise more than 450 feet above the ground. The distance across the transepts will be 290 feet. In all the construction yet to come, however, surpassing aa it will be In magnitude and architectural magnificence, there will be nothing so extraordinary as the foundation work now finished, and which must always bo hidden from slcht- Boaao for the Aced. The Horns for Old Htn ani Axsd Couples, A tho AortAw-aa OM Hundred.

II a li i a fr.twrrt i ani wUl be a thoroughly ccmfsrtaUe place for the declining years of Its laaatcs. It will occupy a space fronting 32 feet on Amsterdam Avenue and 103 feet deep, and there wlU be an extension 43 feet square. This soace la now excavated. Contracts1 have been made for the work, and Messrs. Cady, A See.

the architects, think it will be ready for occunancr bv another Summer. It Is to be a four-story and basement tire-prjcf building, the basement -and main entrance of store, the body of the building of brk-k and terra cotta. and the roof of slate and The style will be Gothic. In addition to the usual besement fittings, a billiard room will be equipped there for the Inmates. There will be offices a dining room, sitting room, and parlor on the main floor.

The second, third, and fourth floors wl.I conta'n simcte and double private rooms, with accommodations for sixty persons. On the top floor will be rooms for isolating sickness, and nurses' rooms. In the work so far difficulty has been encountered In reaching solid foundations, because of the presenco of boulders and loose stone In the earth. The architects account for this condition by supposina; that when street grading- was done in that neighborhood the yradera dumped the debris and rolled boulders upon thia property, to aave cartage. Removal has fit last boen accomplished, and the work will proceed In the hope of inclosing: the structure so that Indoor work may go on in the Winter.

Estimated cost of the building Is 140,000. St. Lake's Hospital. The portion of St. Luke's Hospital now nearly completed conslsta of the Muhlenberg- Pavilkn.

named for the founder of the hospital, the Rev. William Augustus Muhlenberg, and the Minturn and Norrie Pavilions, all fronting on One Hundred and Thirteenth Street, and the Vandcrbilt Pavilion, or Nurses' Home, and the private patients' pavilion, on One Hundred and Fourteenth- Street. If the entire plan for the hospital Is car. rled out as projected, the hospital will consist of nine neml-ietached buildings, four each on One Hundred and Thirteenth and One Hundred and Fourteenth Streets and the administration building, running through the centre of the black and connecting the two groups. The front will be on One Hundred and Thirteenth Street.

Its appearance Is already Indicated, for the Muhlenberg Pavilion is the administration building, which carries the tower. There will be a space of fiO feet between the paviliona on One Hundred and Thirteenth Street and those on One Hundred and Fourteenth Street, thus providing for free circulation of light and air in every pavilion and excluding the possibility of the direct circulation of air from one building- to another. The lower, which now draws attention to the hospital from the distance, is designed in the Renaissance style of the modern French school. From the street level to the top of the cross which surmounts the tower, the distance Is 180 feet. Buttresses crowned by canopies are at the angles of the tower.

It la proposed to place at each buttress a statue of one of the four evangelists. The central part of the tower is in the form of a domed octagon, supporting a lantern. The first object to attract the visitor entering thp Muhlenberg Pavilion Is the chancel end cf the chapel, directly ahead ISO feet. One must pass through the broad entrance hall and ascend a flight of steps to reach the chapel, which la screened from the hall by plate glass. This arrangement is Intended to effect a separation, which will permit ordinary business to proceed tn the hall, while exercises are held in the chapel.

The chapel owes a great deal to its location In the building. Indeed, this is perhaps its chief attraction. It is situated on the main transverse axis of the building, and Its great stained-glass window 150 feet distant terminating the vista is the first object to strike the eve of one entering the principal doorway of the hospital in the base of the tower. The main hallway, which Intervenes between the vestibule and chapel. Is about 8J feet wide by 5o feet long, decorated with pilasters and columns of the Doric order, and ia separated from the chapel by an oak screen forming an arcade, the openings of which are filled with plate glass, so as not to obstruct the view of the interior of the chapel from the hall.

The Interior ia unique in New-York. It is in the Renaissance style of architecture, likn the rest of the building, and though eminently churchly in its appearance, it Is not at all lika the church interiors we are accustomed to here. Its dimensions are length. TO feet; width, feet; height. feet.

The ceiling Is formed by an elliptical barrel vault with penetrations. The floor is paved with larjje blocks of white marble, set diamond wise, with smaller pieces of black marble at the corners. The carved oak screen which separates the chapel from the hall is continued around the Interior, and. excepting where It is Interrupted by tho reredos, it forms a sort of dado and occupies part of the wall to the helcht of about twelve feet. Tho spaces between the columns of th? arcade are filled with marble slabs, upon -which are recorded the names of the benefactors of the institution.

Above this oak and marble base the side walls are divided into four bays on ill "I8t 'r-in, mi ii ii i 111 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 IS I The Grant Monument each aide by pilasters supporting the great transverse ribs, or arcs doubleaux." of the vault. Each bay between the pilasters is occupied by a large arched panel intended to receive a fresco. These panels are surrounded by massive architraves or borders of oak leaves in the form of garlands. Tne vault is richly ornamented. In the centre of each compartment, between the transverse.

-arches, is a circle with heavy, enriched around It, against which abut the moldings of the penetrations. There are cartouchea at tbe points of Junction. Both the circular panels and the v.neTs of the penetrations are Intended for frescoes. All the plain surface of the vault la covered with arabesque work in relief. The reredes and altar at the centre of the sanctuary and opposite the entrance from the hall are of white marble elaborately carved with arabesques In relief.

The reredos is surmounted bv a pediment which cuts into the window. The tympanum contains a bo-dly carved cartouche with palm and laurel branches. In the frieze Is the motto of the hosDltaJ. Corpus Sanare Anlmam Salvare," In classic letters incised and glided. Below the pediment is a flat niche filled with mosaic, having in the centre a hosnital cross in brilliant red.

On the second, third, and fourth floors of the administration building are children's wards. -The floor above is for fihysicians' and sewing rooms and operat-ng rooms, and their dependenciea occupy the upper floor. The main operating room is a handsome amphitheatre. Everything tn the plans for construction has been made subservient to the location, lighting, and ventilation of the wards. In his report to the managers of the hospital.

Eruest Flogg. the architect, emphasised the Importance of this work. Light, sun. southern exposure, ventilation from rach side, facilities for isolation, and convenient and economical administration were all studied out. Wards were built to occupy the southern portion of a floor, with windows south, east, and west, ward de-' tendencies being relegated to the northern There are no stairs, wells, or shafts between wards.

The interior fittings are plain, without moldings, cornices, or ornaments of any kind to collect dust. Corners are all rounded, so as to be easily kept clean. Ventilation has arranged so that In cold weather the air may be changed in a room every ten minutes. Every possible care will be taken to make the hospital aa perfect aa possible in ita appointments. The exterior lines of the new groups will remind visitors of the old St.

Luke's, In Fifth Avenue, but they are really not to be compared with each other, the new structure being thoroughly modern and convenient. Expectations are high of the good to be accomplished In the pathological department of the hospital, where the cause of disease will be investigated. Columbia medical students will have access to thia department. Coltasabla College. Work on the Columbia University prop-arty will Impress a visitor as vary extensive.

If not far advanced. There will probably be sxpendsd there H0OO.O0O. Tha Library BuUdlac. to cost tl. 000, 000, to tta sjy ro-r cc- I'.

3 1 be cut ty the it ci l.r:i .1 stone, but one fcvJtt fc riUy Ur.r-f.aat.yo to picture the f.r.o quadianji.e form the entrance to th rroan-ls in Treat of the library at One Hundred and Sixteenth Street, and the stately pile that he will then face. From present appearances the outer walls of Indiana limestone will be entirely In keeping with the general air of culture which may be expected to pervade those precincts. Excavation work for the Schcrmerhorn. Physic. Engineering.

and Chemistry Buildings waa hampered by difficulties similar to those met in the cathedral foundations, although net to such a da-ree of aggravation. It was necessary In spots to dig twenty feet for solid rock. Sultruct-ures for these buildings are now above ground, and drawings have' been prepared for the University Building, which will be placed immediately north of the library. It Is expected that eventually the library will be flanked by buildings for which no definite, provision haa yet been A. feature of the University Building I'lmt that there will be three stories clow the main floor, including a gymnasium Boor, with a track one-seventh of a mile ttround.

and a plunge. By means of underground passages, persons may go from one building to another without coming to the level 2. 4 3 fflBANKHALL: 5 31 Hi MAM ETXAHC Bloelc Plan of Baraard Cellesje. Positions of the New Buildings That Have Been Designed. of the ground surface.

The connections will reach from the University Building In both directions. McKlm, Mead A White have this work In hand. They expect to have some of the buildings ready for use by Winter. Barnard Colleg-e Plana. Plans for the first of the three buildings with which Barnard College will occupy the block bounded by One Hundred and Nineteenth and One Hundred and Twentieth Streets and the Boulevard and Clare-rriont Avenue have been taken vigorously In hand by Messrs.

Lamb Rich, the architects. Contractu are out. tbe work haa begun, and the young- women collegiana may hope to be installed in their new home nearly as soon as Columbia can move to the Heights. The general plan of filling the block Is to utilize the One Hundred and Nineteenth Street frontage of 200 feet from the Boulevard to Claremont Avenue, with a building on each of those thoroughfares, abutting the street line. The proposed width of each building at One Hundred and Nineteenth Street is about 5X feet, leaving an open space between them of about feet at the street At a distance of i feet 10 Inches back from One Hundred and Nineteenth Street.

It is proposed to connect the two buildings by another, whfch will cut into the original width of the corner buildings sufficiently to give it a 1 frontage of lir feet inches. It will have a depth of Co feet. The total Oepth of the two wing build-inns will be lll feet 10 inches, and their width on the One Hundred and Twentieth Street side will be about 42 feet each. There will remain a space 40 feet In width and 2X feet In length facing One Hundred and Twentieth Street, which, may be utilized for yard room or for ornamental purposes. The design of the One Hundred and Nineteenth Street entrance includea cloisters, which are expected to add much to the general effect, besides providing a spa-clous court connecting the three buildings.

Brinckerhoff Hall will first be constructed, for which plans have been filed. It will abut One Hundred and Nineteenth Street at the Boulevard, and in addition to the court approach from One Hundred and Nineteenth Street it will have a spacious entrance from boulevard, about midway in the building. The building will have four stories and a basement, of with stone to the first story and terra-cotta trimmings above. The style will be a combination of Italian and Colonial. It is not intended to lodge students, but about every other provision will be made for their comfort.

Meals will be served to them there, and they may store their bicycles in the basement while at recitation. The basement will also contain a gymnasium, a general storage room, and servants' on Riverside Drive. quarters. On the first floor the plans provide for a dining- room, parlor, rooms for studv. classrooms, and an assembly room, or theatre, 35 by 40 feet, with a gallery.

The stage will be movable. When taken down, at receptions or balls, the space it usually occupies will become an alcove, with a fireplace and scenery balconies. A laboratory and lecture room for physics, classrooms, ami, the assembly gallery will occupy the second floor; a biological lecture room, museum, and laboratory and classrooms will fill the third floor, and a chemical laboratory and lecture room and classrooms will occupy the fourth floor. It Is estimated that the building will cost H32.0UU Milbank Hall, which is to be the connecting building, will have a cellar for general storage and heating purposes, aa well as four ttories and a basement. Plans for this building have been perfected and put in the builder's possession.

No special use haa been decided on. for the basement. On the main floor will be the offices of the college, and reception, lecture, and class rooms. A library. Faculty room, sitting rooms, and a lecture room will occupy the second floor.

The third floor will contain class and lecture rooms', and rooms for the Trustees and for assembly. There will be a lecture room, classrooms, a dining room, kitchen, and servants' rooms on the fourth floor. It is expected that this building will cost Its architectural style will be the same as that of Brinckerhoff Hall. No plans have yet been made for the building along Claremont Avenue, althougrh a counterpart of the Brinckerhoff Building wtll doubtless be ordered whenever the Trustees may be financially equipped for it- At the Graat 3Xon-ameat. Riverside Drive having been made by the bicyclers, a daily resort for the multitude, impressions on the appearance of the Grant Monument would seem needless, as it ia generally known Us exterior Is nearly finished.

The surmounting and entrance statues provided In original plana will await special financial provision foe them, but the stonework needs only ornamental finishing near the top of the dome. Interior work ia well advanced, but It cannot be finished in months. The monument justifies early expectations that it would be an ornament and credit to the superb natural Betting chosen for it. Work upon it haa been exceedingly carefuL Ita projectors have intended it to last through all time, and nothing haa been omitted to insure material of tho frst quality and thorough workmanship, to the end that an enduring and beautiful structure may perpetuate this tribute to the great soldier. There remains no doubt that the work will Justify not only the selection of Riverside for the tomb, but will amply repay all the effort and responsibility of those whose financial management made the tribute possible.

There will doubtless be a development of the monument plan, to include eventually fine approaches and statuary. The monument as it will be delivered for its ultimate uses next April will bo worthy of any surroundings, however ornate or splendid, that may be devised for OFFICIAL SOCIAL DUTIES OF THE AMERICA AMBASSADOR. All Oar Rcpreeeatatlves from tne Tlaae) of Adams Have Seen aleai Coaaaaand the Respect of tho Ensfllafc--Mr. Bayard's Staff of AssistantsThe Consnlnto of tbo United States Very Demorntle dsarters, The first duty of an American Ambassador upon his arrival In London is to obtain an Interview' with the Secretary oi State for Foreign Affairs, and to deliver to hlra a copy df his letter of credence, says James Walter Smith, In The Strand Magazine for August. The Secretary of the Embassy usually notifies th Foreign Secretary of the Ambassador's arrival, and In this way prepares for the Interview.

Afterward, cn a day fixed, tho Secretary of State presents the Ambassador to the sovereign, to whom the Ambassador delivers the original letter of credence. On the same as soon' as convenient the Ambassador begins a series of social calls upon the Secretary of State and -members of the royal circle. Tho Ambassadress, meanwhDe, -pays visits, to the wives, and In this way the social Intercourse whlcn continues throughout the Ambassador's term of office Is Immediately established. Important as the duties of the Ambassador in the transmission of messages from the Department of State to the British Government may be at a certain tima, a fulfil Jr 'ffili I Ambassador Thomaa F. Bayard's Residence tn London.

great part of his labor and that of his subordinates consists in attention to social and Court functions, and the most success- xut iu misters or the past hundred years have been those who have most punctiliously attended to their performance. A glance at.the diary of John Qulncy Adams will show that the London evenings of that noted man were spent In society. He danced, talked, played cards, and made himself generally agreeable to those about him. His diplomatic success was accordingly enormous. The triumphs of Motley and Lowell were gained In the same way, and Mr.

Bayard's present prestige in England Is due greatly to his popularity in the social, world. The diplomatic battles of the present day aro won at dinners and in quiet talks, and he who most ably represents the United States in London is he who follows his Government's Instructions and omits no occasion to maintain the most friendly personal and social relations with the members of the Government and of the diplomatic body at the place of residence." In such a work the value of personal tact, courtesy, and education cannot be overestimated. The demands made upon them are continual, whether at the dinner table or on tho platform, at the country house or at Court. In the possession of these qualities the Ministers whom the United States has sent to England, from the Adamses to Phelps and Lincoln, have been peculiarly fortunate, and to the present Ambassador a title which has belonged to Mr. Bayard since his country rose to the first rank among nations has been left the heritage of a position which is well-nigh priceless.

For years the American Minister occupied a unique place In London. His speeches were quoted, and his presence sought when other -diplomatists were apparently neglected. The traditions have been maintained by Mr. Bayard, whose constant aim has been to strengthen the brotherhood between two great nations by kindly courtesy, broad-mindedness, and tact. This he has done, not in his little office in Victoria Street, but rather in the social world of which he ia a respected leader.

Society, however, costs money, and London is a most expensive place to live in. Consequently, the niggardly salaries which the United States gives to its diplomatic agents in London quickly disappear, leav- Thomas V. Bayard, United States Ambassador at the Court of St. James. ing them to depend upon their own private purses for the wherewithal to maintain the dignity of their Government, Many pro-testa have been made by past Ministers, from John Adams down, but these forcible presentations of a disgraceful fact have bad little influence with the home Government.

Adams at one time wrote to Jay asking him to "consider that the single circumstance of presenting a family at Court will make a difference of several hundred pounds sterling In my Inevitable annual expenses." but nothing waa done to relieve the Minister from the Inevitable." The money goes in a variety of ways. If the Queen holds a drawing room or the Prince of Wales a levee, the Diplomatic Corps Is expected to be present, and Court dresa coats anywhere from 200. Besides thia. the family of the Ambassador la expected to be present, and every one la London society knows that tha bUl tor a ladr'a Court dress to ftUMeA lPSVM.) trs.ABhasAa.a. i I to- Ismdrani-thi; rVe U-r-e.

an additional f.nanclai uuraen. i dinners to be given, reception- to bo held on Washington's Birthday and the of July, tbe regular weekly Mr. Bayard now gives to his compatriots to be maintained, and a turnout to be supported. In order that too much otttf WV-ernment's time may ot be wasted In the city of dteadful distances. One can O-Vjy estimate the amount of money which a necessary attention to such ceremony costs a Minister on a rmall lrY-.

ent wage is 17.5oa How sorry this pittance looks- beside the and the sumptuous mansion which the British Ooy-ernment gives to Sir Julian Pauncefote, Its representative in Washington- There if little doubt however, that an Ambassador would wllUnjrlv bear all the expenses which fall upon him If. as Is the case. with others of h.s rsnk. the house in which be lived belonged to his Nation. The United States.

In this respect. UM unique and unenviable position. All otner nations give to their Ambassadors a mansion which, through continuous use by successive Ambassadors, becomes the real embassy. Tbe American Ambassador, on tne other hand, is forced to hire a furnished house. He does not dare to buy a mansion, or to furnish one, because he knows thaf his term of oQca may not last longer than four years, and he cannot feel sure that his successor will relieve him from the burden of a costly mansion.

If Congress wer the least bit sensitive to appearances, it would quickly put an end to the furnished house system, and give to the Ambassador a mansion of which the Nation might be proud. vvhat ahall I wear at Court?" Is a question which haa puzzled every envoy whom tho United States, for many seasons past, has sent to England, and very amusing are the stories told of the Ministerial struggles with this most Important matter of dress. The trouble has been due to the strictness of the rules which govern the Court functions, as well a to the restrictions put upon the Ministers by Congress. Of the one. It la well known that the official Court costume la a detail which baa to be rigidly conformed with, else a guest cannot pass her Majesty.

When Mr. Dallas was in London, he took two great military dlznltaries of the United States tq Court, but one of them waa- not allowed to pass the Queen because he wore a black cravat, had no chapeau, and no sword. The Minister thereupon withdrew gracefully with his friend. Regarding the provisions of Congress upon this point of costume, the printed rules instruct officers to the' requirements of law prohibiting them from earing any uniform, or official costume not previously authorized by Congrea." The taste of Congress haa been expressed in favor of the simple dress of an American citizen," and there have been several official hints that the dress which Franklin were at the Court of France ought- to be 'taken as a model. Evidently Congress forgot that the reason for Franklin's appearance In Quaker dress, with home-knit woolen stockings, was due not to an austere democratic feeling la our Minister, but to a general curiosity In the Court to see tha American who had ao quickly sprung into popularity.

Mr. Buchanan was ono of those who did not know what to wear. He was perfectly willing to accord with the wishes of his Government, but he early discovered that the simple dress of an American citizen Patrick A. Collins. United States Consul General at London.

was very nearly that of the upper Court iV.h, Atone time, therefore, he thought of putting on "United States buttons." and at another time of donning the civil d-" of George Washington. He sacrificed tbo buttons, because a plain dress sword had a more manly and less gaudy appearance, and he abandoned tho Washing-con oostume after looking at the Stuart portrait of the first President. Buchanan finally appeared at a levee, aa he says. in lust such a dress as I have worn at the President's a hundred times." The costume consisted of a black coat, white waistcoat, black pantaloons, and dress boots, with the Edition of a- very plain, biack-hanlled and black-hilted dresa sword, it was a victory for Mr. Buchanan's conscience bu the costume must have given the LorJ Chamberlain a twinge.

The present Court costume is such as might be worn In Washington at the Presidential mansion and is merely the usual evening dress of black broadcloth, silk, stockings, and- low shoes. The embassy Is the place through which the Government cf the United States converses and consults wKh the Government of Great Britain the Ambaaaador acting as go-between. Many of these negotiations require the greatest secrecy, and it is therefore not surprising to find the embassy a very subdued sort of place, with several rooms which the ordinary visitor never sees. Tho embassy Is at Victoria Street, about five minutes' walk from Westminster Abbey, and In close proximity to the offices of the British Government. It is not an imposing building.

In fact, it la not a building at but rather. a first-floor flat in a row of Democracy has stamped ttself upon ihe exterior and Interior, for there Is nothing about our embassy which would lead the most Fiarslmomous of Americans to charge hla orelgn representatives with luxury and extravagance. In one of the Invisible rooms sits Mr Bayard. Although he ia not by nature an exclusive man, he Is. through force of circumstances, compelled to hide himself from the Urge body of visitors who seek tho embassy, and the lucky ones who see him are those who have come upon Gov.

eminent business. Consequently, the American tourist who goes to Victoria B.rVet rarely finds It possible to pay his "respects" to the Ambassador. This Is aa it anould be. for during th, dummr etesan the embassy is tha objective point of au Americans who want to get tho 15 cut of Ccmmona or tha royat tables, or who wish a. muiUtad af other UUngg klcli i cor se jc.

AmbliuJ ri -attenilon to of deepest liiportance, the routine woric taw the First and second Secretaries, and otllclals are the ones with whom the visitor mostly comes 4n contact, a hint has already been given as to tae wo done bv the First Scretary. wno. at tr. rresent time. Is the Hon.

James R. Itii, Velt OI ja. fcwo has uetri at the embassy for several years. It he who attends to the newly appointed Consuls who drop In at Victoria Street on their way to tbe Continent and the East. When the Ambassador is called away from tour-on Important Government business, i-p certain intervals is enjoying a rest out of Kngland.

Mr. Roosevelt becomes Acting. Ambassador and Charj d'Affalrea. and carries on the work of his i-hief He attends all the Court function as a matter of Government duty, and at Mr. Jaatei R.

Roosevelt, First Secretary of the Embassy. all times joins with the Ambassador in tha aocial duties with which diplomacy Is in--dlaaolubly connected. To -the Second feo-retary, Mr. David Dwight Welle Con. necticut.

fall the duties of Ambassador when both Mr. Bayard aad Mr. UooMvelt are away. At other times Mr. Wells la busy with dispatches and Important routine work.

In the visitors' room he constantly meets with thoao who ued tb embassy's help. His office, which. like th others. Is simply furnished, also contain the desk of Mr. John R.

Carter, the private secretary of the Ambassador. The official stair at the embassy also Includes tho naval and military atttches and tho cleric The work of the attaches con-slsts In observing the progress of military and naval invention, and in apprising the department at Washington of important facts. Tne present naval attache. Lieut-Commander Cowles. has been at the embassy for three years.

The post of military attache, lately filled by Col. William Ludlow, is at present vacant. The chief clerk. Mr. Charles Hod son.

Is now In hla eighteenth year of service In London, and numbers among his friends all the American Ministers since Mr. John Welsh. In the rooms of the. embassy, where hurly-burly doea not exist except on and Saturdaye, when the mails go off, the roost active figure is the'" embassy cat." who fears no one, from his Excellency tbe Ambaaaador down to the bov in tbo hall. Tim la the pet of the staff.

He is as inviolable aa the Ambassador himself, and he Is orten to be found beside the clerk while that official Is writing, or asleep upon the Secretary's latest Invitation to dinner. The Consulate Is closely connected with the business world, and Is situated at 11 St. Helen'a Place, Blshopsgate. right In tho heart of the City of London, easy of access to the thousand and one shippers and merchants who need ita help every week of the year. We.

shall Bay nothing of the small-ness of the place and its meanness of appearance, but will try to show the connection betweeen the Consul and the Americas citizen abroad. The duties of the Consul aro varied enough to keep him emphatically busy. It two ships belonging to tho United States collide at sea. the Consul receives tho protests and reports of the angry Captains. If an American child is born or a citizen dies In London, the Consul authenticates the birth or death.

He administers estates. He sends home shipwrecked or unemployed sailors and other destitute persona. He acts as arbitrator in commercial disputes between his fellow-countrymen, and he certifies to the value of every Invoice of foreign goods above a certain amount shipped from London to tho United States. His spare time be spends in collecting information upon commercial, economical, and political matters for ths benefit' of his Government, For nearly all of this work, besides his regular salary, ho gets fees, which. In the case of London, are said to be worth about Notwithstanding his Importance, the Consul is not a diplomatic agent of the United States.

He is sent to his post for mercantile purposes, and as a protector of his fellow-citizens in the district he represents. For these reasons he possesses no mollit Immitnltv TTnlllrM th, Amhimndnr. who. according ta the old-time custom, is supposed to contain within his person tho sovreignty of hls'monarch, the person of tho Consul is not Inviolable. He pays taxes, but the Ambassador does not.

He Is subject to the laws of tho country, whereas the Ambassador possesses Immunity from civil jurisdiction, and he, as well aa tho least of his official subordinates and serv-- ayits, cannot be suea. arrested, or punisnea. The Consular staff consists of the Consul General, a Vice and Deputy Consul General, and several clerks. The important office la held by the Hon, P. A.

Collins of Boston, who. like tbe Ambassador, is a favorite speaker at public dinners, Mr. J. J. Collins Is the Vice Consul General, who, with Mr.

Francis W. Frigout. the deputy, performs most of the notarial work. Mr. Frl- rears, and hla face la familiar not only to he business but to the American tourist and permanent resident In the metropolis.

As at the embassy, a friendly-welcome always awaits the traveler at tho Consulate, and everything Is done by tho officials to make his stay In London pleasurable and profitable. The sweetness of democracy may be tasted in both places, for there Is little red tape, and tho accessibility which has been a marked quality in official personages in the United States la also to be noted In Certainly there-is little reason for tbe American to bo ashamed of the way tn which he la repro sented abroad. rrrHosEss and priest. Tho Latter Was Incrednloos aad Jus. tlned Bla Unbelief.

Paris Dispatch to The London News. Couedon, "the AngeL Gabriel." a her votaries called her, after going up like a rocket, haa come down like a atlck. She has not even obtained a gilded retirement, after all her totoriety, for the 2.000 damages she claimed In a recent libel case were' reduced to 5, and the three extra postmen who groaned under the weight of mail bags addressed to her have been withdrawn, i Before allowing Mile. Couedon to sink Into oblivion, the following interview with the Abbe Valadier, the very respected Chaplain -of. La Roquette, who speeds" the parting criminals on the scaffold, may bo Interesting, as the conclusion of.

one of tho most curious chapters on superstition In modern timea. The. abbe, by an ingenious strstagem, compelled the lady to -confess that she waa no more a voyante than fortune tellers, who are allowed to fool creduloua people at French fairs. Anxious to see the Angel Gabriel for himself, the abbe called In the Rue di Paradla. and.

on handing in his card, ho waa Immediately 'received. On aeeing him the voyante bgn, as usual, to pour rimes' which meant nothing. The priest. Interrupting, asked whether he could speak to the angel. Mile.

Couedon- made some mysterious signs, turned round and round In her chair, and a'd. Now you can question the angeL" "Cur dixit angelus began the abbe. I beg your pardon." remarked Mile. Couedon; but If you speak Latin. th angel doea not understand." The abbe held under his arm a box containing a In which there la usually a consecrated host.

Can this angel sea Inside this?" he asked. "What is Inside, then?" The "voyante" sought to turn the conversation by reciting psalma and disconnected Suppose." said tbo abbfi. It was a consecrated hostT" 0h-' then, the angel would go down on hla knees, and pray." Then," said the priest, rising, and In a solemn tone. the angel must know noI nave a host In thia box." Mde. Couedon droppad on her knees.

Tears flowed from her eyes. The angel through her. He knows tho JSoregV-? b3' MM lX n1 P-T" over, the Abb Valadier said, you are not a voyante. Ton aro not Inspired. You have proved it.

there is no host inside." Again tho Coutdan's eyes wero aaa she aikcd. the priest xr-.

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Years Available:
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