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Lansing State Journal from Lansing, Michigan • Page 57

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Lansing, Michigan
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57
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Trade-About Likely Again In Leadership of Ceylon 1 MFMI 4 fry y. S. KIT PI ftJ KM r-i l-J- lis By WATSON SIMS COLOMBO, Ceylon (AP) The man who ousted the world's first woman prime minister attributes his success to a better understanding of Even halving of the government ration proved a stimulant to production. There was greater competition for rice on the open -market, and farmers benefited from higher prices. At the end of 1968, Senenayake claimed rice production was up by one-third, and that whereas Ceylon produced only one-half its requirements in 1967 the shortfall had dwindled to 25 per cent.

His figures were E-7 TIIE STATE JOURNAL Lansing-East Lansing, Michigan SUNDAY, MAY 11, 1969 criticized by the opposition, but even the prime minister's critics praised the over-all program. AUSPICIOUS SIGNS Victory for Senenayake in 1970 now is being forecast by most of Ceylon's astrologers as well as political experts. In the shorthand of international politics, Mrs. Bandaranaike is considered a leftist; Senenayake is termed a conservative. Both preach malalignment, however, and Senenayake says the main issues are food and jobs.

In the face of Senenayake's growing popularity, Mrs. Bandaranaike has continued campaigning in the countryside but generally avoided the press. A New York reporter who recently sought an interview was told she would be too busy to see him for more than a month. This brought a chuckle from Senenayake. "I am glad to hear that we are keeping her so busy," he said.

DUDLEY SENENAYAKE MRS. BANDARANAIKE the way to a voter's heart. "The secret," says Prime Minister Dudley Senenayake, "is to first consider the voter's stomach." Because Senenayake has placed stomachs above all other considerations in this perpetually hungry land, he is favored to defeat his feminine rival again in Ceylon's next elections. Senenayake is a pudgy 60-year-old bachelor. He loves golf and Western music but is considered a reluctant politician.

The son of Ceylon's first prime minister, he considers politics a duty but says he would rather be a Buddhist monk. WIDOW STEPPED IN His rival is Sirimavo Ban-daranaike, a widow of 53. She was a housewife until 1959, when her husband, Solomon, then prime minister, was assassinated. Mrs. Bandaranaike took quickly to politics and soundly trounced Senenayake to become prime minister in 1960, long before Indira Gandhi took office in India or Gold Meir was chosen in Israel.

Senenayake narrowly defeated Mrs. Bandaranaike in 1965, and a third confrontation between trs widow and the bachelor is shaping up in elections to be held before next spring. Food shortages long have been a dire problem in Ceylon. Senenayake's first term as prime minister ended in premature resignation after troops opened fire on food rioters in 1953. During the first two years of his present term it appeared he would again be turned out Vigor of Israeli Retaliation May Decide Nasser's Future C-54 Headed for Tempelhof Airfield in 1949 With Airlift Cargo Passes Over Bomb-Stricken Area of Berlin West Berlin Still Tense 20 Years After Airlift and confidence" in favor of Egypt and the Arabs.

All we need, he says blithely, is a "limited victory" say 10,000 or 20,000 Israelis killed and a few miles recaptured. FEATHERBED EGYPT Bravely, he professes to be ready for the inevitable reprisals: "They will come. So what? Will that mean the end of everything? 1967 was not the end. Another blow and another also, will not be the end." Up to a point, he is right. Egypt can take it, as she has always done, like a gigantic feather bed.

But how many times will she do so before Nasser's regime goes? Reds Bare Death Of 11th General MOSCOW (UPI)-The Soviet armed forces newspaper has announced the death of Lt. Gen. Boleslaw A. Kenevich at the age of 62 "after a long and grave illness." Kenevich had been placed on the reserve list in 1954 because of ill health. He served with the Soviet armies in World War II and later with the Polish army.

The death was the 11th of a general staff officer to be reported in the armed forces newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda (Red Star) since April 19. Five of the 11, all of them over 60 years old, were retired or on reserve. That is a question nobody cares to answer. Nasser may not be totally indestructible, but he has certainly proved himself an accomplished survivor. The chances are that, short of physical death, he might emerge out of the dust of the next big reprisal.

And even the one after that again, in still more shaken jret persistent triumph, if only because there are no obvious alternatives either to him or his policies. Last year, when the Alexandria students rioted, they seemed to think they had some. "Make war or make peace," ran one of their slogans. "Or get out." Nasser has done none of these things, yet nobody is rioting now. UNEASY QUIESCENCE Partly that is because the security police are once again firmly in control, in spite of hints a year ago that their oppressive machinery would be dismantled in the name of some dimly envisaged freedom.

Partly also it may reflect a hesitant satisfaction, at least in some part of a frustrated and divided army, that even if Nasser is not making war he is going through some belated motions of defiance with the gun duels and commando raids on the canal. But chiefly the current quiescence seems to stem from a bemused acceptance that there is precious little else to be donethat choice is an illusion, because neither Nasser nor anyone else in Egypt now is in command of events. By DAVID HOLDEN The London Sunday Times CAIRO Two questions dominate immediate political thinking in Egypt now, one of them openly discussed, the other masked in discreet public silence. They are: How long will Israel tolerate the current Egyptian attacks across the Suez Canal without some massive reprisal, and will that Israeli reaction be so severe that it finally topples Nasser from the seat of power he has held these 17 years? RETALIATION CERTAIN That Israel will eventually retaliate is taken for granted by nearly everybody. The only things that restrain her, it is generally agreed, are the fact that the canal engagements cause Egypt little practical embarrassment and the knowledge that an appearance of restraint in the face of Egyptian provocation may win her diplomatic kudos.

Both of these reasons could be set aside at any moment in favor of the traditional Israeli argument that the only way to stop Arabs getting over-confident is to bash them hard from time to time. The Egyptians are virtually asking to be bashed. President Nasser's traditional confidant, Muhammad Haikal, has written recently in his newspaper, Al Ahram, of the need to increase the military pressure on the Suez front in order to "change the balance of fear future and seeking a new role to play. West German political leaders in their speeches still often refer to Berlin as the "capital of Germany." By this they mean that it used to be the capital of a unified Germany and it again will be the capital one day. But with each passing year the prospect of reunifying the Western "Federal Republic of Germany" and the Eastern "German Democratic Repub-1 i becomes dimmer, and West Berlin knows it.

The city's population has been dropping since the wall went up and cut off the refugee flow from the East. In January, 1969, West Berlin had 2,141,441 people, a drop of 20,000 since January, 1968. It has lost 60,000 people since 1965. It is estimated by 1980 the population might fall below 2 million. Deaths exceed births and 21 per cent of the people in West Berlin are' more than 6 years old, compared to 12 per cent in West Germany.

Almost half of West Berlin's population is older than 45. The city is carrying on a well -organized campaign to West Germans to come here. In 1968, 18,662 persons moved to West Berlin. But 22,244 moved out. GREATER DANGER Its location inside East Germany is not a help in recruiting new citizens.

A public opinion survey disclosed that half the young people in West Germany consider West Berlin a more dangerous place to live than West Germany. There is a movement here, very small but growing, that advocates that West Berlin play down its ties to the West and reach some sort of accommodation with East Germany based on the recognition of East Germany. But West Berlin Mayor Klaus Schuetz asserts that this is a dangerous dream. He says the only basis upon which the city can survive is by cultivating its legal, financial and economic ties to West Germany under the umbrella of Western Allied security guarantees. "Events in Czechoslovakia show what happens to those who fall in the Eastern sphere," he said.

As an answer, Clay organized the Anglo-American airlift that was given the job of bringing in all the supplies necessary to feed and keep operating a city of more than 2 million. It was a job that many thought impossible, a view, shared by the Russians. But the airlift did the job. In flights made around the clock American and British pilots brought into the city in 276,926 flights a total of 2,523,067 tons of supplies about a ton for every West Berliner. Clay again came to the city's aid when the wall was built on the East-West Berlin border, Aug.

1, 1961. That time, when the city so badly needed a moral boost, Clay came back as the Berlin advisor of President John F. Kennedy. His presence reassured the city of American determination to stand by it. DWINDLING HOPE Today, West Berlin is accused of having become provincial since it no longer is Germany's capital.

In fact most other German cities are hick towns compared to West Berlin. Yet it also is a city that is asking questions about its BERLIN (UPI) The 20th anniversary this week of the lifting of the Berlin blockade might have been expected to find this Western outpost in happy, confident mood. But it is not. In the past 20 years West Berlin has survived attempt after attempt by the Russians to undermine Western rights here and pave the way for a Communist takeover. I The Russians have not succeeded and West Berlin has not only survived, it has pros-pered.

A modern city, the greatest industrial city in Germany, has risen on the ruins that still were everywhere when the 11-month Soviet blockade of West Berlin ended shortly after midnight on May 12, 1949. PROSPEROUS, TENSE Today, West Berlin sends airport radar systems to India, complete factories for making synthetic fibers to the Soviet Union and Italy, a carbon dioxide plant to Beirut. And every fourth dress bought in West Germany is made here. Yet despite the prosperity that far overshadows advances made in East Berlin, the city is not at ease. It has nagging because of food shortages.

FOOD PROMOTIONS Rice, the main staple of Ceylon's diet, was in such short supply that Senenayake was forced to halve the weekly ration made available to all citi-z s. Mrs. Bandaranaike's popularity soared, and her party defeated Senenayake's in six consecutive special elections for seats in Parliament. The tide began to turn two years ago, when Senenayake declared the equivalent of national mobilization. He headed a national food council, with five Cabinet ministers as members.

It met almost weekly to plan ways to increase food production. Its representatives fanned out to urge farmers to use more fertilizer, better irrigation and improved strains of rice. The country was divided into districts, each of which annually elects a "food king" on the basis of increased rice production on sample plots. Each "food king" is given an expense-paid tour of Buddhists and Hindu shrines in India. Who's That Visitor? Canada Seeks to Consolidate Arctic Holdings the new Panarctic Oil Co.

drilling operations on Melville Island, and flew to a joint U.S.Canada weather station at Alert, the northernmost habitation in Canada at the upper tip of Ellesmere Island, where Admiral Peary took off for his dash to the North Pole. Twelve doubts about the future and is vaguely discontented with its present. Internal discord, much of it caused by leftist students, is one factor that worries Berlin-c-rs, and some in fact feel that domestic dissension could pose more of a threat to the city's future in the long run than Communist harrassment. A sign of the times is the fact that the fear of student demonstrations blocked plans to bring Gen. Lucius D.

Clay here for a ceremony on the 20th anniversary of the end of the blockade. If one man can be credited with saving West Berlin it is Clay, who was the post-war American military governor for Germany. When the Russians shortly before midnight on June 18, 1948, announced that the borders of the Soviet zone of occupation would be closed to all inter-zonal traffic effective at 0100 hours June 19, Clay spoke for the Western world. "We will not be bluffed," he said. "We will not be intimidated.

We have a right to stay in Berlin and we are going to stay." I OVER THE BARRIERS In their effort to starve the Western allies out and bring West Berlin to its knees, the Russians halted all rail, road and canal traffic running through East Germany to and from West Berlin. Eskimo settlements were also on the itinerary. As the queen's representative, appointed by her at the suggestion of Canadian prime minister two years ago, Michener holds a political office, and cannot speak or defend government policy. He is the ceremonial or titular head of state with powers comparable to the queen's in England. His visit to the Arctic, however, coincided with a special effort Trudeau is making to "secur Canadian sovereignty in the north.

At a recent news conference, in which he used the term "sovereignty" several times, Trudeau conceded there is no present threat to Canada's claim to all island territories north of the continental mainland. The United States has long recognized this claim. EFFECTIVE' OCCUPATION Ownership and exclusive access to the Arctic waters surrounding the islands is another question, and the prime minister has promised to announce his policy on this soon. But the old requirements for sovereignty discover7, occupation and establishment of authority are not enough, in the view of some of Trudeau's advisers. The modern requirement of international law is that "occupation must be effective." The primary problem for the government with regard to the Canadian land is to find a way to speed up the development process before expected new discoveries of oil and minerals make the northern islands an area of contention sometime in the next century.

Michener made a point of flying 255 miles out of his way to see the first all-Canadian drill begin sinking a shaft at Drake Point. During his travels, Michener saw the American flag flying over Canadian soil at least five times twice on the DEW line at the stations operated under contract with the Federal Electric Company, an American firm headquartered at Paramus, N.J. At Cape Dyer, the governor-general's party crossed paths with an official American party, including a first secre tary of the United State Embassy in Ottawa on a crosscountry DEW line inspection tour. OLD GLORY HERE? Many Canadians, including former Agriculture Minister A 1 i Hamilton, have gone north and been incensed at seeing the American flag flying in so many places. Michener made no special note of this.

It certainly doesn't bother the Eskimos, and this in itself riles some Canadian officials who complain the Eskimos are becoming Americanized before they are Canadian-ized. So Canada's development of its north proceeds tentatively. It isn't that the Americans would blatantly assault the sparsely populated north, any more than they would the densely populated south. But the feeling is that when the Canadian Arctic grows "hot" commercially and industrially, the Americans will be there with money and their famed technical skill. Canada and Michener don't want their north to go by default.

Michener and his group found Eskimos who think of themselves as Eskimos, not Canadians. Before an elementary school class in Resolute Bay on Corn-wallis Island, Michener got no response when he asked the children. "Do you know who I am?" He didn't even et a cheer when he announced that, as governor-general, he could exercise the queen's prerogative of granting a holiday to remember his visit by. This cool detachment on the Eskimos' part, and the formidable obstacles to non-Eskimo migration of climate and terrain, impede the government program for developing the vast north. The slow progress a source of concern for Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau.

This was one reason for the trip that sent Michener farther into the northland than any of his predecessors had ever gone. OIL STRIKE The governor-general and his i accompanied by members of their staff and a dozen correspondents visited By JAY WALZ (C) 19B9, Xnw Tork Timet News Srrvlrn CHESTERFIELD INLET, Northwest Territories, Canada In a community hall packed with villagers, Eskimo grade-school pupils sang a patriotic song of the Arctic to Roland Michener, governor-general of Canada. lt was exactly what the governor-general had come to hear, but on a 11-day tour of the Canadian Arctic, he had not always been so lucky. The principal mission of the governor-general on this trip was to identify himself to the 15,000 Arctic Canadians, most of them Eskimos. "I am the personal representative of the queen of Canada," he said repeatedly, "and I am here to toll you that the queen considers Eskimos to be Canadians, the same as those of us who live down south (southern Canada)." Here on the west shore of Hudson Bay, Michener received a hearty welcome.

Farther north, however, ROLAND MICHENER Yankee Go Home! Then What? Okinawa's Second Largest Cily Reflects Misgivings About Return to Japan creased in proportion and he cannot compete with the workers of Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea, who are attracting light industry because of their low wages and high, productivity. At the same time, the ople of Okinawa appear to have emulated a kind of "American way of life" in the form of high consumption and installment buying. As a consequence the demand for imports is excessively high and the accumulation of capital reserves for investment in domestic industry has been low. The Japanese government also appears to have been remiss in long-range economic planning for the Ryukyus. A businessman expressed a prevalent opinion among Americans here when he asserted, "the Okmawans don't know what's going to hit them after reversion.

If they did they wouldn't be so eager for it." about $260 million on Okinawa, most of it by military agencies and personnel. This was about half of the Ryukyu's gross national product. The U.S. directly employs only about 53,000 persons of the Ryukyuan population of 960,000, but a majority depends indirectly on government expenditures in the form of construction contracts, base related industries and services to the American personnel stationed here. The only other major industry on Okinawa is the growing of sugar and pineapple for export to Japan, which subsidizes the high cost Okinawan plantations.

What Okinawa has, therefore, is a hothouse economy artificially maintained by foreign funds. The U.S. has brought undeniable economic benefits to the Ryukyus. Okinawa was one of Japan's poorest prefectures before World War with fewer than 600,000 people ekeing out a living on subsistance farming. Today the population has increased by 50 per cent as the standard of living on Okinawa rose to one of the highest levels in Asia.

Per capita annual income here is $550 a year, well below Japan's level of nearly $1,000, but otherwise matched by few Asian countries. The U.S. has also built roads, water supply and power systems and communications. LITTLE PREPARATION But the U.S. administration of the islands has done little to plan a viable alternative to Okinawa's military-oriented industry.

The facilities and skills of the military bases are largely nontransferable to civilian pursuits. And while the U.S. military establishment has made the Okinawan worker one of the highest paid in Asia, his productivity has not in and investing it in Japanese real estate. Reversion will not take place tomorrow. When it does happen, the terms of the agreement reached by the U.S.

and Japan will largely dictate the economic impact on the Ryukyus. It may be many -years before the U.S. abandons its military facilities here. But even the most fervent supporters of reversion, including Chobyo Yara, chief executive of the Ryukyuan government, concede that Okinawa is not economically prepared for reversion and the islanders will face severe economic problems. "Our biggest task will be to save the economy," Yara said in an interview.

"It's all very well to say 'Yankee go said Katsu Hoshi, speaker of the Ryukyuan legislature, "but the Okinawan people are going to suffer." Last year the U.S. government spent April 28 was Okinawa Day and thousands of Ryukyuans gathered in the capital, Naha, to demonstrate for reversion. MOVING OUT On that same day an Indian who has built up a successful tailoring business in Koza City returned from a short trip to Canada. He is planning to move out of Okinawa and thinks that Canada may be the best place for him to make a fresh start. "Once reversion comes I'm finished in Okinawa, and so is almost every business in Koza," he said.

He is not alone in his preparations for the economic effects of reversion. Dozens of Chinese traders already have left Okinawa. American businessmen here are making no plans extending beyond 1969. And even Okinawan businessmen are shipping their profits off the island By PHILIP SHABECOFF (C) 1969, ISw York Tin Servtr KOZA CITY, Okinawa Behind the bright neon signs of the striptease bars, behind the tawdry glitter of the souvenir shops and the calculating smiles of prostitutes, the sharp grit of apprehension is sifting into this second largest of Okinawa's cities. Koza City is adjacent to the huge United States Kadena Air Force Base and, even more than the rest of Okinawa, its inhabitants depend for their livelihood on jobs at the base and on the dollars spent by American military personnel.

But talk of reversion the return of Okinawa and the rest of the Ryukyu Islands to Japan is in the air and the people of Koza City are starting to wonder what will happen to their jobs and their dollars when the U.S. gives up control of the islands..

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