The New York Times from New York, New York • Page 41

Hi Vt I Section Section SUNDAY. DECEMBER 22, 1918. XX ANOTHER TOY MADE IN GERMANY. AN AMERIKNSKYB IN: I M'B W. DRAMA, MUS1CVART 1 'ks SIBERIA ood Abundant There While Russia Starves Vast, Unexplored Wealth Amazes the Foreigner By CARL IT.

ACSEBM Coirpondnl of Tni Nsw Tees: ixsm. rrsiit, by Imiw To Tinas Co. All rictus reserved.) I VLADIVOSTOK. Ofjt. $1.

r.01I Tsuruga, a small inland -j harbor city of Japan, pahsenger ships livi twit- a week for Vladivostok. the back floor to T. ii. Feins some fourteen boon Tokio. on the Japan jgea.

a traveler would overlook ths city, knd Is irg would be making a fatjid mb To sea and know the Far Eait ore must know Siberia, or rrniit T.urur end the shipping routes VladivoMtok. because front lyiw OB is to a Far ExMcrn a RuUn puxjl. Althoughf Eure-; r.uU and Siberia mj- again their interests, during; th next ie or mow, will divided? The i is simple. In European P.ussU inA.Wma at reconstruction 111 be aortal and commercial and politic will play'an $mpor ii't part. la Siberia will erisegques-t cf Influence, of development with tha United State and In the chief role.

So Id in mer-! 1 Tnuruga la an important Two paer.Ker chip leave Tsurnftt for Siberia' chief pert, and freight ateamera. dtve af tir.grr ahlpa, the lantf ttt brlnnca to the Russian Veanteer all other are Japanese.1' Evcr of tl war in' worth of tuppllea and arf'rnunl l.e been shipped from port. rii bottom, to the terrdaiaa-of Trana-HJberlan Railway atviadl-And to1uy therw er other fl of yens', w-orth of rlroductt ff transportation. TsurtictF could the shirpiri "departrpant of na In.luftrles, for It la flpan'i rommercUl cltjr fariJa Sli i I nncenvel. i Is two daya lj (ool from Tswrura.

and froatt four tt-n hen a typhoon aweepss troueh rr.rrow ea whkh separates 81 cf Japan from Asia. wait ilunnu the dar I crossed foHunaUt It waa calm and warm fr Oc- Z.IXW publL-hed fr Tlrst time anywhere tl rTrm.lnr of a new larch song by John) 'hilip the cel-hrstcd mar cf The Washington I hiking. Liberty "King tloton." 1 t-pitan." "The Stars and Stripes vt," and a score of other tti arches have made his name a hofiiMwld 1 all over the world. Soon aftr the StHtrs entered the war py iousa volunteered hl sej-vlces I tlioofc of hla band. They -siere at 1 to the Great Lakes Tfr: alning 3 A-t.

n. and Miia rt-reivee tr.p t.l.'ut.Tmnt. Iurlng the war hf Wrote 1 I IV i al patriotic pieces, which he has Ilelea Abert Refrain 4r IEW Fl-JJU-JI II Is hi I i When the boys come sail ing home When the boys come 0 i 'T, 1 sgg (r kl i I cj 1 sail xnj g18 will hug them, kiss them aid" ca ress them When the boj-s come sail iflff home? tober. and I waa able to become ac quainted with JapaaeA merchant who were. en.

route. Vladivostok and Manchuria with their families. One of them. T. "lhe Siberian mana rel et MJUul the Iart-st and wealthi est busineas house of Japan, which la Interested In almost every large enterprise in the.

Far Kast, from ahlpbulldlnc to mining, and -exportlnf and importing, happened to be a graduate of Columbia Vnlversltv. Throuah htm I met other Japanese commercial who were rotaf to Russia on similar objects, to see to the extension of Ja panes busl-nesa and to make Investigations as prospectinr for mines and locating large forests. Durinr the two days we were together I saw 8 Iberia through Japanese yea. and I was Impressed by- the ft-repeated statement of Mr, In Siberia." he said, Japan and the United States must work together. That's Mitsui' Idea.

Japanese business and American business mttt co-operate. We must not have cbmpetttlon. Com petition Is no good to anybody. Competition makes trouble. Co-operation makes money and peace." The first view of Vladivostok, from the steamer as it enters the Golden Horn Bay.

is a business view. Warehouses and docks, stretching for miles along the waterfront and scattered along, the hills id oa In every direction, impress one with the commercial importance of the city. Here Is a protected harbor which was unknown to ntne-tenths of America before our troops were landed. And before the Amerikanakya came to Vladivostok little was known about us In this port of a thousand poaslbtlitlea. There were a few American-made automobiles on the streets: some of the shops had their windows filled with condensed milk, and outside and about the city were millions, perhaps a billion dollars' worth cf war material, manufactured in the I'nlted Ftatea.

rotting and rusting. But. after ail, there were probably more Kusalana in Vladivostok who knew about the United States than there were Americans In any one city of tha United States who. knew this all-important Siberian city. I know that when I landed was capped with the march published here, composed in honor of our returning heroes.

The words of the msrch song are by Helen usa Abert, daughter of the composer, and the song is published by Harold, Flammer. of New Xork. Here are the The boys wOl greet their mothers, Slaters, cousins, and others With a very Frenchy Farles-vous FrancaU: And those who have been smitten With the language of Great Britain Will be full of Bll-roe. swank and Oh. I say r.

But when those fighting Tankeee greet the girU that they adore, i SQUSA MAilGH PUBI SHED When the Boys Copyright, 1918, by quickly disillusioned. The streets were as. busy, as congested, find life was as strenuous as in San Francisco a month before. There waa nothing dead about Vladivostok except the harbor. (There were only one or two ships, with steam up and a few rowboats.) And when I tried to find a room or a hotel I waa told that I would be fortunate to find a corner to sleep In, Vladivostok was so crowded.

I did find a cot in a large room in a private house where two other correspondents and an American refugee worker were living, but almost every day whjl I war there some one came in a for the sole purpose of bribing or arguing the landlord into exiling nil of us, This quest for rooms continues for days, weeks, and months, for there are thousands of people who come to Vladivostok to find it a city already burdened with inhabitants, foreigners and refugees. There are no modern hotels and no hotels with rooms to rent, because in the days when there waa such a luxury as a room for rent fully a hundred people wanted it, and the highest bidder Immediately became the poacher. Nothing could dislodge him. In the railway station and public buildings the unfortunates sleep on every foot of floor space, on 'the large window sills and on the steps. During the moderate weather of October even the parks and gutters had their quota of guests.

But this Winter, when the cold winds sweep down from the arctic and the snow moves in waves across the country, the housing problem will bring its suffering and death. If not its Still no one seems to fear death in Siberia, The people seem more accustomed to it than we are. And. in the condition tliat some of the people are in. death must be a luxury.

1 1 An American In Siberia Is aft Ameri-kansky, no matter who he is or what he Is doing. The Russians make no distinctions because they cannot One day when General Graves watt on his first inspection trip along the Amur Railroad, north of Vladivostok, he left his car at a small station for a wiilk along the platform while the. engine awaited his orders. Word was quickly passed around that an Amerlkansky General was on the SONG FOR, FIRST Their sweethearts of this land of liberty, i They'll the French and English and they'll yell out with a roar? Say. girlie, but you sure look good to me," REFRAIN.

When the boys come sailing home, When the boys come sailing home, The girls will hug them, kiss them, and caress them. When the boys come sailing home, A luscious ven'son pasty, To a Briton's very tasty. Come Sailing Home Harold flammer, Inoi train, and the curious Chinamen, Koreans, and Russians walked about in Msarch of the General, not knowing that lie was walking with several other officers in their midst. An officer pointed to General Graves, and then the Russian asked: How can you tell a General from a private when they are all dressed alike?" This is typically Siberian. The people have been so accustomed to the gold lace, brass buttons, gold-handled swords, and bright colors in uniforms on their august officials that they cannot understand why an American General should not be dressed up." Traveling in Siberia and Manchuria as an Amerlkansky who had never seen the country before, I have been lm pressed by the same things which bring so many business men here from all parts of the world the tremendous amount ct undeveloped the un touched forests, the mines with treas ures unscratched.

and the. Industrial possibilities. In both Manchuria and Siberia I have traveled for hours, al most for days, at a time, through the richest agricultural country, the steppes of Russia, fertile, unused soil. I have seen at one time a semicircle of fire moving across the country destroying the dry grass over a two or three mile front fire caused by a passing locomo tive. In other sections wheat, oats and hay have been packed and baled la such enormoua quantities that I have won' red whether they ever found their way to a market Some of these supplies nave seen on trains, soma on caravans drawn by six and eight horses or as many oxen, but the amount ia transit was only an insignificant proportion of the whole.

I recall the remark of Major Gen. Graves one afternoon whan we were traversing the Amur province, which I think expresses the views of most Americans. What a terrible thing It ls.H said the General, gaxing from the car window at the miles upon miles- of grain stacks. that there should be so much food here and people starving in the inte rior." But that, is Russia, Those who have keep, and those who have not do with out. Where there is food there la hap- And a haunch of mutton he calls proper food.

And when it comes to will take a lot of beating. For each spoonful must have sauce to make it good. But when our soldier boys were out on guard or In a trench, Their thoughts were centred oa a Juicy steak; They said Keep the concoctions of the English and the French: Give me the pies that mother used to make." REFRAIN. IWhen the boys come sailing home, Aa. John Philip Sous TIME Santa pineaa; where the supplies are scarce the people live in blissful ignorance.

In cities like Vladivostok and Khar- barovsk, in Siberia, and Harbin. In Manchuria- food is plentiful but Amonsr those who work aW have money there is little suffering, but a great deal of The refugees and tlie loafers kre the miserable ones, and In is often difficult for an Amerlkansky to separata the two. All Russians look alike, except the educated and rich, and their status Is not a problem. Ko itno teems to be able to dlstingulxh betwuen a refugee, a loafer, and a hard-working, poor because they are dressed the same, ami they are equally unclean. This, was one of the first problems confronting 'the Coming here irith the avowed purpose of hjilping the RubbIim people, and Wlnr many thousands who apparently needed help, they found it difficult to separate the needy from the grafters.

Thetr lrt effort waa to offer work to Uie able-bodied men and women, and to assist those who worked, but now thi problem Is to find work, for those who want It. Vladivostok and Harbin have several large Industries, but" the American In the former city have been Informed by the city officials that the factories will have to shut down this Winter because of a lack of money to finance them. If the factory wheels stop, the Allies, and particularly the Americans, will be faced by a vei-y critical Industrial situation' and a relief problem with which they will not be able, to cope. Already both the Red Cross and the T. C.

A. have been asked to finance several factories. It has been explained tht by so doing the people will have employment and the articles which they: produce when marketed will be a source of Income to whatever, organlxatlon; assumes the business responsibility of the concern, but neither of these organisations Is in a position to do this work; and the problem ha been handed to the United States War Industries Board tor final consideration. This is an example of the kind of economic aid which the United States may be able to render tha Russian people, but in its wake are all kinds of complications. If the United States Government goes into the business of financing Russian Industries for the purpose of providing, work for the people, why' should It not do It in the States? That question will certainly be asked by the laboring people.

And, on the other If the Crdted States Is unable to do this some other nstlon may be In a position to step in and do something which America obviously should do. Another method of solving this economic problem. which has been suggested to the rrdted States. for sn American banking institution to open an office here to look after our own commercial enterprises and 1p render assistance to noedy factories through loans secured by factory equipment and materials on hand. In Vlhdivostok, Harbin, and Khabarovsk there are no American banking- Institutions.

The sfi'-f banks are Russian and Japanese QauS: There Must Be SOME and-most of the money for the former has been supplied by French banks. Recently an Knglish opened a branch in Vladivostok, but, aside from tlds one branch. I know of no other in Eastern Financially, of course, Siberia has no standing. Neither the United States nor the Allies at this writing have recognised the present Omsk Government. The money in circulation is mere paper, the price of which fluctuates with the demands In various parts the country for money.

A ruble, which was formerly worth about 50 cents, can be bought for between 0 and 11 cents. No coins are In circulation ahd the paper currency Is that of the old Russian Government and of the Kerenslcy Government. In a few cities Bolshevist money Ik accepted. The scarcity o. money has caused the banks and Individuals to place bonds on the market as currency, and the coupons pass also for their face value as change.

Large sums of American paper money are in circulation, and in the cities there Is a regular traffic in American bills. While the Y. M. C. A.

is attempting to take care of the needs of the soldiers and exchange their American money for Russian bills. It. 1. Impossible for this organlxatlon to do all the business, and In the streets of Vladivostok are Rumanians, Russians, Greeks. Americans, Armenian, and Japanese soliciting American bills Trum soldiers at a rote of exchange which nets them a good profit.

One American soldier, not to be outdone by the money sharks, exchanged a roll of cigarette coupons at the office of a money exchanger and got more money for his cigarette coupons than he would have for. dollar bills. He was a wealthy soldier until the street banker discovered his mistake and demanded reparation at American headquarters. Neither the Japanese soldier, nor the business man, nor the Nipponese Government Is troubled by these financial questions. The army Is paid by a ape-clal currency printed in Japanese and Russian.

Japanese commercial organisations are co-operating with each other and financing their enterprises with a common fund. While some may be aided by the Japanese Government, the representatives of. the largest concerns assert that they are absolutely, independent of the Government. While this is the situation In Eastern Siberia, it is not In Manchuria, At present the Chinese Government Is borrowing about 17.000.(XX) yen a month In Japan, and. inasmuch as the present Central Chinese Government receives only about 2.0U0.OO0 yen a month In revenue from the provinces, tills borrowed money Is the chief source of Income of the Republic of China, and Manchuria is as much of a Siberian war tone us the Province of Amur.

Japanese und Chinese troops are stationed till along the route of the trans-Siberian through Manchuria, and. Judging from appearances, there are as many Japanese as Chinese. These things an Amerlkansky sees andj Way I Can Get Rid of This Thing." learns today in the Far East. Siberia is a new school of experience through which tha United. States and the Amerlkansky diplomats and business snen will have to pass before they will be able to steer the, American ahip of state through the political and commercial waters of the Far East.

And school opened the day our troops landed at Vladivostok. One of the oVviou possible results of our schooling In Siberia ia going to be this: Siberia is a couktry with boundless resources and commercial poMslbllltlea The Russians are hot in a position to Ilscover and develop mines and forests, to bund factories tyid railroads, nor to establish going btuihess inntltuilons. Ruula cannot wHk alone. Since the Allies have landed (troops at Vladivostok none of the allied nations are going to be satisfied with any' plan which permits mit one nation to have a monopoly and It ia equally as -certain that it will be difficult for them to agree on how TWO CHRISTMAS POEMS CHRIST BORN. world, late racked with pain HE through bloody years, Has climbed its weary long -pat bed Calvary.

i Where millions died, as Christ, that they might free Others from wrong, and black oppression's tears.1 Once more now through the world comes to our ears The song of all the ages, Christ is born." i Mute ton rued to notes of Joy have been the betls. And only childhood and old age dared try To sing, so near the threatening bat-, tie sky. The song that told, though dulled by shrieking shells Whose bursting turned a thousand homes to hells, The wonder of the ages, Christ is born." Our faith In Cod has brought to us the, goal; -i War-weary lands have peace on earth sgaln: And in the scarred and fire-purged hearts of men. Made sweet and strong by suffering of the soul. Through, travail of a world once more made whole, Anew In human hearts the Christ is born.

Xear God. the Christmas songs are fraught with prayer That Thou wilt be with those whose tear still pay That we may have the glory of this day: That mm may live their thanks; that lives may bear Eternal witness for Thee, everywhere. Froclalming that in us the Christ la horn. a LOUISE JT. ELMENDORXt they should work together.

Japan, quits) naturally, looka upon this territory as) ner particular sphere of influence. Her business men will not be satisfied wWa any American, or allied policy which has for its object the shutting" in of Japan. On the other hand, Japanese commercial Interests are looking with favor upon co-operating' with Americas, interests. Whatever America's political policy may be in the Far East and ut Siberia, the commercial aspect of the situation will demand the most careful and cautious consideration. Business la at the basis of politics in the EasU' and the Amerlkansky business men I whs) come out here will have more to do with the practical execution of American policies than, will any other- group mt men, unless our' army remaina here far some time after the war.

KiVrla in a country with a great burl- ness future, and Axnetikanskies can see this the moment Owy arrive In Tsurug-a and. Journey from there to Vladivostok and to the interior of Russia. PEACE. AT Bethlehem the Star shine brtftl shove the Stable door; i By every road the Wise Mea easae who never came before -K The Kings, with all their Caravan, keasj watch upon the hill. While Jesus sleeps on Mary's breast and all tha guns are strut 5 The plunder of the world is beepe about that manger-bed.

Behold the gifts the Wise Men brought are stained an awful Poor Mary's face is white and draws and Joseph's grim and For older hearts, tho" slow to learn, ait slower to forget! But lo. the Star at Bethlehem above tha Stable -( Shines with a glory In its light thai never shone before The haggard hosts of shattered men out on the battle plain -Have caught the slogan of the skies, and fling it back again, Peace Peace on Earth with shaken hearts, across the world they come. No panoply of Hear is theirs, no flag, no rolling drum: But all are cloaked in spotless white- the garment of His love And Teace their bursting thrbata now sing, and Peace the choirs above! At Bethlehem the Star shine bright above the Stable door, By every road the Wise Men come who never came before! The Kings, with ail their Caravan, keen watch upon the hill, While Jesus sleeps on Mary's breast and all the guns are still CKC1US JOXCS KESXAK. al I..