The New York Times from New York, New York • Page 27

OTBA' ReidieeJ ii tkis revolutioivixe the sport ITII the period for theorising passed, col-lege football teams must now face an entirely new condition of affairs on the grid- iron. The universal outcry against brutality on the football field and the demand for a more open style of play have been met by a sweeping revision of the rules, the result of many conferences extending over nearly a year end participated in by representatives from colleges, and universities all 'over the country. For months following the tang Wtnten session of the rule makers coaches have everywhere gone through the rulM with tho greatest care, racking their brains to analyse them and figure out their possibilities. Many predict the ruination of the game through the drastic reformation, while others profess to see a big Improvement. All agree on one point, however, that it will be harder-for the unsportsmanlike player to Interfere with clean sport, while many of those who see In the coming game greater opportunities for open play believe, that the elements of roughness and corresponding injury to players will be Increased.

No ono Is In a position to foretell exactly what the outcome of the changes will be. This cannot bo determined by a mere discussion of the rules or by the preliminary practice such as all of the college elevens have indulged in for the past two weeks. Nor are the early games likely to show up the points of advantage and disadvantage In the new rules. This year not only will the teams develop, but the game must needs develop as well, and It all should go to make the season one of the most interesting in the history of tho sport. Notwithstanding the un-certainty of the outcome there are fundamental facts that have been developed on which the foremost strategists and tacticians of the game havo practically agreed.

But while the leading exponents of the game may entertain. certain opinions, the groat public, which makes the game possible, must bo constituted the final court of Judgment. Tho changes are numerous and far-reaching. Many of them aru of little real Importance, and oth- era rather make plain the old rules than constitute new ones. The most important changes severely punish all rough play and provide for clean sport.

-Slugging and kneeing in future will bring disqualification; the neutral cone will greatly transform the scrimmage line: compact formations for mass tactics are discouraged; the forward pass will result in a more open style of game; the art of kicking will be an important feature; the tendency will be toward a new style of free-running; the ten-yard gain will do much in preventing rough play, and the additional penalties will materially help the sport. These, in brief, are the principal elements which are expected to restore the great college game to publio favor. 8 8 8 The main effort of the football reformers has been to open up the game "that is. to provide for the natural elimination of the so-called mass plays and bring about a game In which speed and real skill shall supersede so far as possible mere brute strength and force of weight. For years the game has been becoming less and the reason for this has been that coaches everywhere have shown them-elves more proficient in planning methods for hold-lng the other fellow back than for carrying the ball ahead.

In recent years while end plays have often been what every college team has mainly relied on has been attack aimed somewhere Inside the tackles, for success in advancing the ball has depended almost entirely on the sudden massing of half the team at one narrow spot on its opponent's, line. And even If such plays could consistently gain only two or three yards they were considered successful. The effort of the Rules Committee to prevent the further development of such a game was not taken to provide a more lntereting contest, but to discourage a system of play which Tot only was responsible for many injuries, but placed a premium on the concentration, both offensively and defensively, of weight and beef rather than on quickness and real personal skill. There has been no real alteration in the fundamental plan of the gam. The underlying scheme has undergone no change.

first effort has been to provide for the detection of foul play and its trlngent punishment. To thla end there has been provided an extra umpire. This will be the first change noticed by the spectator. With the efforts made to enforce penalties there need be no great concern. They will not change the character of the spectacle much, though they will Influence the v.Kh.1 column Illustrates: Illegal use of irm" Payers of the altle In poeiioa of Ml hn hla hand upon an opponent to puh him eay from that piny.

a mil in; i nil THE NEW YORK amru oqo rales method of coaching. This, however, is a consideration for the technical expert and not for the general public. The old style of starting' the game has been re. talned. but here the old conditions cease, and the new features will at once be apparent.

Tho first and one of the most Important changes will be when the opposing teams line up for a scrimmage. Instead of facing each other at close quarters, as la the past, the length of the ball will separate them, and this will affect the entire character of the de-, fenatve play. It will put an end to charging, and from a spectator's standpoint will materially improve tho game, as it will reduce to a minimum mass plays, which made It next to impossible for the spectators to watch the progress of the ball with any degree of satisfaction. It will prevent one team securing a big advantage on their opponents before the ball Is actually In play and favor a defensive rather than an aggressive game. To eliminate brutality the mode of attack has undergone a sweeping change.

Guards and tackles back and tandem plays are things of the past. Recognising the principal clement of danger, the LL THE COMING OF CIENTtjTTe WiZARBReVOLUTIONIZER iNffUSTEsY America, to co niineiuor at tho discovery of the Izftiti Of Coal Ikt. which, Wlod 11g world withVeiviaKirid Tt perfumGsreichedtiig colors i xietv Medicines WHERE arrived In New Tork yesterday on the steamship Umbria a man who, through a chemical experiment followed out to its practical application, has earned for himself the singular distinction of being one who has evolved something absolutely new; some la thing that has led to his being knighted by the King of England; and. moreover, who has created more new Industries, possibly, than any one man who has ever lived. This distinguished visitor Is Sir William Henry Perkln, whom the scientific world of the United Elates is to honor on the night of Oct.

0 with a dinner at Delmontco's and the presentation to him of the first Terkln Medal and a silver tea service. It is only natural that there should be a widespread Interest In the Perkln Jubilee in this country, since there are about invested in the enterprises that have grown out of Sir William's discovery of the slngl color mauve from coal tar. To what an extent bis original creation has been followed up, in one line aldne.may be Imagined from the fact that the list of colors now produced by chemical processes numbers 700 distinct titles, all from coal-tar products. But besides this his discovery led to other investigations which have created out of that repellent-looking stuff the finest of perfumes, odors of such strength as was never known before, chemicals possessing medicinal properties, others from which explosives have been produced, and artificial productions of madder and indigo colorings that are now manufactured so cheaply that thousands of acres of land formerly devoted to the growing of those plants have now been turned back for cultivation of foodstuffs. After all.

as President Woodrow Wilson of Princeton says. We live by poetry, not by prose." Fairy tales are only the epitome of human experience. Grimm's old story of Gold Maria and Pitch Maria la not a mere dream. 8 8 In ISTmJ the great German chemist Hofmann was directing a laboratory in Oxford Street. In London.

With Jtofmann was a gifted youth, the student. Will-tarn Henry Perkln. It waa this young man who observed that eertaln oxldtslng agents when acting on certain derivatives of aniline produced a strangely beautiful color. The method and the result had both Yw fTvM hr tvt ht It wm Perlc'l TIMES, SUNDAY. SEPTEMBER 30.

100C. 1 Legal use of body In blocking; the player on the right hat thrown his shoulder against his opponent's thigh, to block him away from tho play, but Is not using his hands or arms. committee limited the number of men to be drawn back to carry the ball to five, but to minimise the danger of accidents the men so drawn back must retire at least five yards. To students of the game this means that old mass and tandem plays will In future impossible, and' straight line plunging will be the favorite method of attack and ground gaining. Although many of the big teams in the past did not look with favor on this style of play, the fact that the defense had been weakened by the new rules and other changes effected will enable the teams to adopt this play with reasonable prospects of a fair measure of success, although the amount Of ground actually gained will be much less than formerly.

The forward pass and outside kick will help to make the new attack successful, as they will compel the secondary line of defense, constituted by the backs supporting the linesmen, to withdraw behind the line a distance of at least five yards, so as to be prepared, for any quick change of position in the event of either of these plays being attempted. This will result, on the defending side, in the line-up being spread out somewhat on the order of the English Rugby game. With the defense thus weakened. It will be necessary for field lenders to resort to tricks and strategy to gain the necessary distance, which la now ten yards instead of five, as formerly. To retain possession of the ball the offense must find new plays, which must be open to conform with the new disposition of playeis on the field.

It is in this particular that the quarter back kick, used with varying success for the past three years, or, as it in future will be known, the on-slde kick, will be universally adopted. The rule governing the on-slde kick provides that the ball when kicked may bo secured by any player of the side kicking it after has touched the ground, whereas formerly the players of the kicking side were restrained by rule from touching the ball until it had been touched by one of the opposing side. If It be simply kicked down the field as formerly there Is only the chance of getting the ball, provided it la not cleanly handled by the catching back, while If it is kicked short and to one side there ia an excellent chance of one of the kicking aide securing it before the defending side Is able to reach It. This will result in a frequent use of the kick, which will be varied In execution according to the playing conditions. 1 While the two kicks are somewhat similar, there la really a big difference, which will have an Important bearing on the game.

The quarter back kick had to be secured by one of the kicking side who was behind the kicker when the ball waa punted in order to be retained by the same side. Any man, no matter how far he may be In his opponents' territory when the ball Is actually kicked, can now get it the instant it touches the ground. This will enable the man kicking the ball to place his kicks with Judgment, and to one who Is accurate In kicking this will be a big benefit and frequently enable him to aid Its 6ir William Henry Psrkirv. iv ill I who, on independent work, traced out; the process more carefully and realised the commercial value of the observation. Almost immediately Perkln organised a company for the manufacture of the dye.

The Investigation of this dye. and of many related substances, was taken up, largely on the Continent. In private laboratory, in university labora-. tory, in large commercial laboratories the search rr(, Jr ft, (V- WO'H WO- wfh Legal use of hands and arms by player of the side In possession of the ball; the player In the middle of the group, In attempting to obstruct an opponent, Ta keeping hit hands together and his arms close to his body. his side in retaining the ball.

The forward pass Is a radical departure. The old rule made it compulsory that the ball should not be passed toward the opponents' line. It had to be passed back before a player could run with it. Under the new order of things It can be passed forward at will, except that It may not be passed directly over the line of scrimmage within five yards of the centre on either side. Then, too.

It may be passed only to one of the back field players or to an end rush, six mon in alC and may be passed to any part of the field. The effect of this on the runner is incalculable, as he can at any time, when on the point of being tackled, pass the ball to one of his own side who may be some distance ahead and by these means it would be possible to carry the ball the entire length of the field. This is the one play that makes the English Rugby game so open and attractive. The carrying of the ball continuously Is restricted, how- ever, and the play can be usod only once in each scrimmage, and the ball must be touched by a player of either side before touching the ground. The penalty for falling to touch a player Is the loss of the ball.

This requires the utmost accuracy In passing CRUCIAL CHANGES Two lines of scrimmage, one through its own end of the blU for sack Uasw and each No cntr, guard, nor tackl may drop bask from Una of critnmata on offooaa, unlaaa ha la at least five yards back of Una of aorlmmage and another player of those ordinarily behind line of acrtBunase take his place la Una of scrimmage. When the ball haa been kicked by a player other than tho snapper back any player oa the kicking aide shall be on aide aa eoon as the ball touches tba ground. If la three conaecative downs (unleaa the ball ahaU have eroaeed the goal a tm having constantly held the ball In Iti poaltlon, ahall not have advanced the ball ten yarda. It hall (i) to the opponents oa the spot of tho fourth dowa. Before being anapped back the ball mutt be placed flat on the.

ground, with long axla at right anglea to line of scrimmage. On forward past ahall be allowed In each scrimmage, pro vided auch be made by a player who waa behind the Una of aciimmage whan the ball waa put la play, and provided the ball after being paaaed forward, does not touch the ground Ufore being touched by a player of either aide. The ball may not be touched by player who waa en Una of scrimmage when the ball waa put In play, except by either of tna two men playing on the enda or the Una. A forward paa over the Una of scrimmage within space of five yarda on either aide of the centre ahall be unlawful. A forward paea by aide which doea not put baU la play la aorlmmage ahall be unlawful.

A forward paaa which croaeea goal Una without touching a player of either aide ahaU be declared a touch. back tor defender ot that goal. new colors such as dyers had previously seen only in their dreams. Silk, wool, cotton all were tinted with the new pigments. Fashion Invented and realized now combinations and contrasts.

The chance to make new dyes in news ways even challenged Nature. Allsaiin. the coloring stuff of madder, was made artificially." The master Baeyer, down at Munich, unraveled the secret of the structure of indigo, and now more artificial Indigo Is made In the great German farben-flbrlken (color factories) than the old woad marsheaof India can supply. The many' substances obtained, largely from coal tar, have been teased with acid and base, with oxidation and reduction, till nearly the whole color scale of the solar spectrum haa been incarnated in the showcases of the common dyer. tt But the Interested layman will be asking, What are aniline and coal tar?" and "How are the colors extracted from coal tar? The answers to these questions might well fill a library, and a technical one at Coal tar is obtained from the distillation of soft coal in gasmaklng.

Since the advent ot water gas hard coal can be used, but that Is another story, and there was a time when only soft, bituminous coal was used In making gas. Aniline is an oil, usually colored dark red. but lighter when It is fresh and pure. This aniline oil was first obtained from the distillation of indigo. Then it was obtained from the distillation of coal and of the coal tar itself.

Now, this coal tar is a very deceptive substance. We hear a great deal about the coal-tar colors, the coal tar medicines, and the like; but coal tar itself is the hard, viscous black gum that comes in' bar- rels. and which Is melted down, in those ubiquitous smoky street furnaces for mlxirut with sand and gravel for making sidewalks. The contrast between the tar Itself on the one hand and the daintily colored ribbons and neatly capsuled or bottleJ medicines on the other nana is so violent ana far-fetched that It takes more than ordinary faith to believe that tfNfSAMrtlesf-a. sata matt tfatV'ne- hfAli grK 4-Veals ei aa trhan vtivuiii.w sa nv wub)ii nv a a us lev i they orate learneaiy aoout extracting ayes ana drugs from this plebeian sidewalk stuff.

But' there is a romantic secret about It all aa true aa It ia trite and as simple as it Is strange. Few, if any, of the dyes and drugs obtained from coal tar exist in the tar as such, though there are In the tar many substance closely related to the aame dyes and drugs. Indeed, if we could provide ourselves with one of 8am Welter's patent double-million "magnifying microscopes of bextra power," as we will In Imagination, we might see. not only a black, tarry substance, but a marvelous mixture of things. No glass-bottomed boat of the California coast, no museum or curiosity shop could show a greater marvel.

We would see If the molecules would ac- commodatlngly stand still In their vibratory swing-such a maae as was never before revealed to the gase of any curious sightseer. The coal tar would probably appear to be a medley of white and colored crystalling things, enmeshed with each other, and with a few dark-colored things, some of them black enough to discolor the whole mass as seen by the naked eye. If we could follow this mixture Into the retort and see that some of the mixture could be distilled or sublimed off that some ot the more complex would break down into simpler things, crystalline substances, oilsand more tar, we would perhaps get some rnttnn of what does actually happen when cowl tar i i i Legal use of arma by player oy the aide possession of the ball; Player Njk a la attempting to obstruct an ppjiL-irfMplni hit arma close to his body. and handling the ball, prohibits long passes, and makes the dangers of the play very great. The forward pass is expected to result in long spectacular runs, especially as the defense must be weakened to be prepared to meet The effect of then, changes has resulted In the utmost conjecture and 'w idest difference of opinion.

The former spectacle ofiwttnesslng a team carry the ball the entire length of the field by short line plunges of two or three yards is no longer possible. It is now necessary to igaln between three and four yards on every play tol retain the "ball, which under, the changes will be a difficult matter. Una plunges are legislated out of existence, and the question whether open play wllUmake it possible to gain consistently with forward and on-slde kicking? can only be determined when the big teams meet competition and are somewhat evenly matched. It Is probable that the kicking will be developed with the hope of securing advantages from the fumbles of the opposing backs, but no-matter what'ef-fect tt may have, on the oortng.jiK will bringinto requisition speed, agility, and vsrymjc'reeouKsiand from a spectator's point' of view effect a wondferfttl and much-desired improvement. fjfv kV IN FOOTBALL RULES.

iob. One-line of scrimmage Uuwugbfforward pela4 Any of five centre man could plaaad anywhere. fehin4 Una of scrimmage. Ban eeuld ae be put ea aide. It was neceeaary to advance the baQ tut five yards I aUtute the first down.

Could be placed ta any soeltlon. rtnrard pu was sot allowed. Is distilled. By fractionation." (that la a short name for a long process of separation,) by repeating the distillation, by filtering, by precipitation, by crystallisation, and by much repetition of all this we would obtain falrlpurerproducts. Some of these products would be madvln larger, some in smaller quantities; but among thesuswa would get some aniline, aome bensene.

8 8 8 Now, this aniline is a many-sided fellow, and hia less abundant, though more Important, brother, tolui- dine. Is still more complicated. Indeed, aniline haa -such a structure that It acts like aome of those curious human beings with a dual personality; or perhaps, to follow a better simile, aniline Is like a man who can be mesmerised, now Into the acta of a tool, -now Into those of a wise man. At any rate, aniline has a versatility that ia a bit confusing at first. He la at once a bensene-llke Jiydrocarbon, and an ammonia-like substance; not like ammonia in being a pungent-smelling liquid, but like it In the kinds of compounds that it makes and the kind of reactions that It forms.

When Sir William discovered the mauve dyes In 1850 he waa oxidizing some aniline substances that Is. he was acting oh them in a way that amounted to moist burning them with oxygen or oxygen-like agents. He was singeing off some of the outside molecular branches and twigs; and it was singular that soraTj of the half-burned molecules doubled and tripled and quadrupled up into the more complex group, mauve. But the product was nqt entirely satisfactory. Perkln knew that his aniline was not quite pure.

For Instance, It presumably had some tolul-dlne, the next older or bigger brother of aniline. So Perkln purified Ms aniline, with the surprising result that the purer he got his aniline the leaa of the new "dye be obtained. He went back to his original material, and the paradox was soon explained, practically. He found that It was necessary to have aome of the bigger brother, toluidlne, present with the aniline If he wanted to be sure of getting any of the dye. Now, toluidlne Is still more ambiguous than- aniline; it Is three-sided.

Like aniline, toluidlne is a ben-sene-Uke hydrocarbon and an ammonia-like substance at the same time; but, in addition, toluidlne is also a methane, or marsh gas, like hydrocarbon. The reason why this property of toluidlne allowed It to be Influential in making the new dye was not understood In theory at that time, though It waa fully utilised in practice; the mixture of the aniline and toluidme oils was oxidised to the trade, and rosanlllne and Its sons came forth. it took many long years of study in many laboratories before It was learned-that this third aide of toluidlne. the methane side, that seemed to play the part of silent partner In the firm of Mauve waa In reality the directing bead and centre of the firm. The greet Hofmann, who later waa at the Berlin laboratory, almost explained the true structure of the color nucleus of this group of dyes, (he wae looking for the secret In the supposed activity of the ammonla-Uke aide;) but.lt was the work ef the cousins.

Otto and Emll Fischer, down in Baeyers laboratory. In Munich, In 1878, that very largely gave the solution to the vexing question. The chemists In New Tork originated this function of Oct. 0, but men In all wslks of professional and commercial life have Joined in the movement, so that the committee In charge includes an exceptions! Vr of 1. 1 ir.