The New York Times from New York, New York • Page 26

the Npw ujday, icov SEWER PROBLEMS IN THE SUBWAY Flow of Tide Makes Itself Felt in Down-town Section Intercepting Sewers at Proper Grades- W- F-F'IF; Suggested by an Expert 'J CALVIN W. HENDRICK. engineer, of Hwert for the Rapid Transit Com-, mission, was asked th other day to tell about some of tha things ha had learned while Investigating- the drainage systems ow York. In connection with the building of subway there hare had to be wholesale sewer change's at various points all the way from the Post Office to the Tfe-nnv' anil nnw: wfttt tK PAAfr1vn sioa begun, the problem of making the conduits of lower Broad way. con form with the plana of the tunnel engineers Is occupying the engineers attention a much aa any other feature of their In regard to the assertion, made many unM.

mar in iiMiitv Ar ikh uarera nr the lower part of Manhattan Island was Inadequate on account of ths ever-increa- lng number of large buildings, Mr. A a rule, the sewers of the lower sec tion of the city would be sufficiently large If they, had better grades and did not have the. tide to contend with. Few New York-era realise how far the flow of the tide affects the sewers down town. A sewer may be amply large at low tide, "but when the water ,1 backed into it the problem becomes entirely The claim ha Trwm muIa that ft, 9Amm si conduits, but this Is only true when the aewera have proper grades.

We have had a great deal of trouble of the backing up of tha tide In the aewera we have rmcantruttA in ilia lewer part of the island along the line of the subway. It baa been, made plain to me that the chief difficulty with building and iial ff ntna lea Va is that the surface of the streets is very-few feet above the mean high water level. W4nV tYl l. mm.rn.mm u. i uuiuui UT placed deep enough to drain the cellars of mnyof the big buildings.

IMPERFECT "FLAT EEWERS. enforced-lack -of fall, moreover, make It necessary to make the sewers flat. that Is. with llttte or no grade or slants i This flatnesa Is the one great objection In sewers wherein the flow is neither large nor constant enough to make the Hue self-cleansing. The flat sewer becomes filled with deposit and almost use- lees.

8tralght lines, good grades, and proper sixes are the three points to be considered In sewer-buildlnr. As to the lines Lower Broadway Itself, that Is one of the simplest problems with which wo have to deal. As we all know, except for the neighborhood of Canal Street, Lower Broad-" lrV has a good fall both toward the North and the East River. And many of the DUiuunro exiena tnrous-n tn -f- that they may be drained Into 0tl'r tho ln Broadway. Broadway is on a ridge, the backbone of the island, and from this ridge you can carry off the sewage through the Intersecting streets by way of small sewers.

The great difficult about the drainage Biwuwaj a wnai we can the After vmi Uqv. Ih. jimm. luuio iu ins flat district near the rivers, and there the w.el? have to be enlarged, for the tide and CHEAP WAY TO A and economical way to see York is from the platform of an elevated railroad train. The city as ma.

uuacrvauon coacn was described in Thi New York Times last Sunday, but seen from the elevated it has a very different aspect The prospect is less pleasant, but it Is more illuminating. There Is, ln fact, no other means by which "so close an. Insight into the life and activities of New York may be gathered aa from the elevated. Take any train from the Battery northward, east or west aide. From the car windows or from the -platforms can be seen in rapidly passing procession almost every phase of life in the" metropolis; the busy streets, with their throngs of hurrying people.

Jostling vehicles, clanging cars, and even the Interiors of the blocks of buildings which face the railway tinea' It Is a wonderful panorama, kaleidoscopic in variety and unending ln its human interest. No other city In the world can afford such a study, for no other city has such means for observation. In one block along Church Street, near to the Chambers Street station of the Sixth Avenue elevated line, there are two dozen different industrial occupations represented byMbe tollers whose, only outlook during the' day" Is upon the tracks of the railroad. There Is a clothing establishment, where a score or more of tailors are at work for nine hours out of the twenty-four; longer when they want to make a little extra. Then comes a watch and clock repair shop; next the buzz 'of fifty sewing machines, with frowsy heads bent over them, add to the' din -and- rattle; a printing shop, with rows of type-filled cases, a press, and the other, miscellaneous paraphernalia of such an establishment, succeeds, and a private Tiring "flat, with two beds in a room and a composite dining room and parlor, follows; A candy' shop is next, with half a dozen girls and a couple of men pulling and the varieties of mixture about, ac- cord hi to the clasa of sweets to be made.

A cheap -hotel or lodging bouse follows, with twoecore or more of men. for the mort TRAINING FOR CIVIL SERVICE Devices Used at Schools for Physical Instruction. ODD tricks are played upon the Civil Service Examiners by persons seek-. Ins to enter the Police and Fire. Departments of this city.

The examinations have made it relatively difficult for the mere tool of a politician, small or great, to get, upon the eligible list, but the politicians and their proteges have sought out many inventions to circumvent the law and 'those who administer it- The fact that a more or less severe physical examination Is required all candidates for appointment haa called into being a number of schools which undertake to prepare men for the ordeai. Individual tutors have also set up. to undertake similar instruction. Some schools for physical Instruction guarantee that their students shall pass the physical examination or receive back the money paid for Instruction. This la easy enough, for the physical requirements are a mtternef public knowledge, and easily met by men of normal health and proportions, A most of the applicant art they, easily respond, to physical It is a tradition that men.

who, are under 7 weight are counseled by their Instructors to drink a large amount of water shortly before coming up. for examlna tlon. A skinful of water, however, haa its advantage, when the candidate come to the lack of grade make the smaller sewer The same sewer that would be ample on a heavy grade becomes useless on a flat one. -Th only real solution for draining: the lower part of the city la an expensive one. Intercepting sewers should be built along the streets adjacent to the North and East Rivers, at a low level, and leading to pumping stations.

These Intercepting sewers could be laid on the proper grades and at sufficient depths to drain the thousands of cellars that now have to be pumped out constantly. The first cost of this scheme would be comparatively heavy, but It would be found to pay In the end, after you had deducted the cost of pumping now borne Toy many owners of undralned cellars and the cost to which the city is subjected. In the continual cleansing of the old flat sewers, and when you consider the decrease in sick- lneM that would result, from removing the deposits from these sewers that have not been able to cleanse themselves of the most unhealthy sort of secretion that could possibly be collected the city. I know from experience that some of the old sewers need heavier grades, as I have made personal examination of the sewers from, the Battery to the Bronx in connection with my work aa a subway engineer. ELM STREET PROBLEM.

Mr. Hendrick'g down-town sewer work haa Included the Intricate problem of. the Elm Street line. Formerly, before a tunnel was built through that there was a single large sewer running down the centre of the atreet. Tha subway, though.

monopolised the centre and the one drainage conduit-had to be' replaced by two, running on each side. The main difficulty In the work of changing the line was at Canal Street. The single sewer had emptied-Into the North River, turning toward the river at Canal Street. It was easy enough to let the new westerly conduit empty the same way, but the subway was in the way of the easterly one. The commission decided to build an entirely new line across tha city to the East River, and It took months to.

do this. The drainage of Elm Street now flows half to one river and half to the other. Far up town, et One Hundred and Tenth Street and Fifth Avenue, where there is a great open plaxaat the northeast corner of Central Park, is a piece of aewer work of which Mr. Hendrick is especially proud. Under the plasa is a giant chamber.

Into which pour the currents from many lines. The building of this chamber was rendered necessary by the complications arising from tunnel building a little further west. The celling of the chamber Is so high that one man standing on- another's shoulder can hardly reach the top ln lt The flow is so strong that the rubber-clad workmen who enter the unsavory pit to make repairs nave to. brace themselves firmly to keep from being hurled away toward the river through one of the several outlets. The chamber Is said to be the only part of the New York sewerage system that compares favorably with the celebrated system in Paris.

SEE NEW YORK jart-shab atUred, smcklxi and.readlag They are the only break in the activity of the block, and their leisure is pot usually voluntary. Another block presents an equal variety of view. There are lofts piled high with paper boxes, dingy, dusty places, where the daylight filters with difficulty through the crevices In the heaps; small cigar factories, where young boys and old men pick and roll and fill all day at little tables, with piles of loose tobacco on one end and finished cigars on the other; old-clothes shops, where the cast-off raiment of the city is sponged and pressed and made to do service over again: artificial flower shops, where Imitation blooms are made from paper and. rags; places where hats are re-blocked; tool shops, where plies of rusty iron lie about on the floors. If it is the noon hour the life of the scene is changed, though the setting is the same.

The noise of the hammers and files, the sewing machines and miniature engines is stilled. Block after block Is transformed Into a mammoth restaurant. There is where working New York the New York which works for small wages feeds itself. A few palls of beer from the saloon on the corner, coffee, from a cheap hotel, sandwiches, cake, and apples brought from home In the morning such ls the bill of fare which the observer on the elevated may see any day between the hours of 12 and 1. Further northward, approaching Fourteenth Street, where the great retail shopping district begins, there la a notable change ln (he view from the but It la none the less Interesting; It Is as if the great stores of the city had been set purposely on view for the entertainment of the spectator.

After passing ThirtyTthlrd Street the Interest wanes. Shops, hotels, restaurants, and apartment houses form the principal features of the streets along which the tracks run. with rows and rows of brownstone and red brick dwellings lining the Intersecting thoroughfares. other parts of the physical examination than that of mere weight. Men who are alightly under weight are sometimes successfully put through a limbering and stretching process with Turkish baths and other devices that enable them to come up to the requirement, A large number of those who prepare for the physical examination are either under weight or over weight.

To correct either of these defects requires hard work on the part of the instructor. The best schools of instruction require their pupils to give up tobacco and alcoholic drinks. Some bar coffee. When It Is found impos-slble by means of a normal diet and mod-erate exerciser to Increase the weight of a pupil, he to ordered under prescription from a physician to take certain fata. Cod liver oil In special forma la much used for this purpose.

In the case of men who are over weight, sometimes abstinence from beer and abundant exercise are sufficient to bring about the needed reduction in When these means fall, more severe methods are resorted to. even In some cases those employed by Jockeys to keep down their weight, The period of physical instruction is from six weeks to three months. In that time mom of the Instructors undertake to In-creaae the weight twenty pounds, or to taka off quite at much. For the reduction of weight and tha development of muscle tha schools hare gymnasiums, and every pupil la required to go through exercises with the dumbbells, Indian dobs, hortxon-tal bar. parallel bare, Jumping cord, and the like.

There are exercises to Increase tha girth and expansion of the chest, to trrBsthen the grin, to add force to the ways to Improve the When a cornea from six or eight weeks of regular pi lyalcal exercise and proper diet, with a.l stlnence from alcoholic drinks, coffee, and tobacco, he la likely to be tn excelle it physical condition, better. Indeed, than Is ever likely to bo again. One reason ly policemen snow a tendency to great gir a is that they abandon after appolntmen the excellent habits maintained while unc er training for thelf examination, and eon lequently deteriorate. The fat policeman usually 'a man who has trained down so 1 to squeeze through the examination, and whose activities, even in the course of an entirely faithful, discharge of his duUea. are not sufficient to keep down bis weigh LARGE MARKET FOR FIGURINES Twenty Small Factories in New York Kept Biisg.

T-jORKIcrN. residents of New York Drought with thjem several trades al- lied to the fine arta, among them that of the fla-urlns maker. Formerly- such things were imported Now they are mad in a score of little flactories. The plaster of Pari from whlcft casta and figurines are made la now manufactured ln New Jersey. There was a time -when it all imported from Europe.

Several New Yorkers are Interested in extensive sum deooslta In tha Canadian province of much of their product New Brunswick, and finds Its war to this city. The demand for such material, hai enormously Increased within the last decs lie. Models from whldh plaster caste and come chiefly from figurines are made Eurojje. They are cfplee ln bronse. marble and plaster of ata tiles.

mural decorations and the like. A few such models are made here from works of poll tan Museum. sculpture ln the Metro- model of Houdon's bust of Washington, which Is at Richmond. was made herel In plaster. Scores of unsuccessful sculptors In Italy earn their living in 'part by men's work.

making models of abler Those who manipulate the plaster and cast the figurines re are skilled mechanics with varying artistic taste. best of them produce ol Jecte distinguished by purity of line and 1 orfeotlon of workmanship. They choose also worthy subjects, and refuse to min ster to uncultivated taste. Most of th manufacturers, however, produce for th largest possible market, and choose mi inly popular subjects, though it Is to be said tn the credit or popular taste that some excellent things outsell the tawdry work of poor artists. Ba rye's Hons are reproduced by every figurine maker in town.

The famous Winged Victory of lamothrace, one of the most beautiful an majestic of ancient statues. Is also soli by many of he figurine makers in sev ral different alses. Ad interesting, bust Dante, familiar to everyone, is also opular. The busts of Shakespeare are pre ty.bad and, not specially popular. Aa ei ecrable small bust of Lincoln is made by several manufacturers.

Beethoven's head Is popular and Interesting. Most of the flgi tine maker copies of various busts and full-length statues of. Venus. Hermes, and of other classical deities, an I there la a wilderness ot diving girls and lancing children. Some of the best casta 1 re copies of the detail of architectural de oration, bits from the frieze of the Part tenon, -oplea of JJella Robla's lovely The prices-of the flgurinee vary greatly with skill and reputation of; the The est work of the kind 1a really expensive IMba subject be large.

The leas skilled 8 akers sell their wares at prices varying rora twenty-five cents for a small bust to five dollars for a large copy of the Winged Victory of Samothrace or some such imp ortant subject. Large and elaborate piece 1 may cost as much as fifty dollars. The 1 est manufacturers, who are recognized ami ng their fellow-craftsmen and among art Ists as haying excellent models and genuine skill taste ln their work, are often asl ed to execute elaborate and very expensii casta, from modela specially made tor the single occasion. Library Books on Street Cars. THE Htreet-car-k-idlng public of New York has Men having some nice things said aiwut it.

The man who well acquainted with of averr lam Mtm, In the United States, tnd his verdict ought to be worth something. You Oothamltea ane push and pull and but If the number nt library books seen In street cars these iim are any Index to the public taste, you also siaca up pretty wen intellectually. I never struck a town where so many street-car passengers read library books. Evan in tx. rush hours, when It Is all a person can do to find space for I is body, half the people are bent on mental muniiiu books stare you In It he face.

Jab you in th. back, and bump yiur elbows on. the right and left. I have never taken the trouble to find out the klni of literature that there turn abounds, but whatever the nature of the books, the traveling libraries thus displayed ao ijew York a mighty cui A Question fpr Business Men. is a nice question how long a new ten.

I ant of a store kr of floe ought to keep the address of tie former occupant ed up on the dooiL and said a Broadway tradeanVan. When moved into my present duartere my predecessor asked permission put up a sin teiiinr his old customers be had removed to knd the passers-by that certain street an town and of course I said it would be all rlffht. kept the card on exhibition for about four and then. pposlng that everybody who had any desire to Keep track of him had found out his present address. I took the notice down.

few days later he cam in hopping mad. Two or three old cus- tomera had. It seimed. been put to con- slderable Inconvenience in locating him. be.

cause of the removal of the sign, and he was out for atiifactioa. I am afraid. though, that he dldn' get it, for while I am willing to do a gofl deal to helo a feiiow- Worker along. I ao not willing to advertise him indefinitely. to the detriment of my in this case ha own business, wbifch to be the same as aer hi.

a Use Thousa ids of Lanterns. ONE of the coi tractors of work on the subway esti: aateg that at least 4.000 red-globed nterns are hung out in thla city every nig it te prevent people from falling lata tba excavations. The lanterns are stored during the day to big chests at Intervals along th street where the subway being ru! tad art Attended by watchmen who wo rk ln three shifts. Those ho come on ln the afternoon flu and clean and light lent, and suspend them from the nails on he fences that have been nwui me ncues la the Each watchman has a district, whirh h. 1.

and watches as iarefully as a policeman kick, and ln all other man physically. CALIFORNIA'S BIG OLIVE CROP VALUED AT $1,150,000. LSkdy That' Within Few r- Grown ixv Sufficient Quantities to Supply Whole American, ivi arket Picking 'Extracting OIL Bpeda! Correspondence THS New YoitX Tinxa LOS ANGELES, Cal, Nov. experiments In the adaption of soil h6 patient' labor ln cultivation have placed olive growing among the first Industries tn Southern California. The largest yield of olives In California has been harvested and prepared for -market during the last few weeks, and there never was such a large demand for the California product as there has been' this season.

Roughly estimated, the recent olive harvest In. this region amounts 'to about $1,150,000. Ten years ago It was less than $30,000. A very large acreage of olive trees is to come Into full bearing each year for' a dozen years more, and with that Increased production it is believed that California will be able to supply the whole American market with Its olives and olive oil. The crop for the next season, with the increased acreage of bearing fult.

Is reckoned at about 11,800,000, The demand for California olives Is so large that the present supply Is already largely contracted Feeble attempts have been made to grow olives In Florida and some parte of Southern Texas, but practically the only olives grown In the United States are la Southern California. The earliest American olive growers were the Franciscan missionaries, who came from Spain during the last "Quarter of the eighteenth century. The Spanish padres brought olive seeds from Castile and planted the first American olive trees at San Gabriel' and San Juan In Los Angeles County. That was about 1T6S. -The fruit from these, trees Is known as the Mission olive, because the treel grew about the Franciscan missions.

Until 1881 no olives were grown In California but the Mission variety, and the growing of was desultory and confined to Spanish families In the rural regions. Southern California began to fill -up rapidly with Eastern settlers at about that time, and the possibilities there were In growing oUves as an Industry to supply the American market was seen. Then began a long list of experiments among enterprising growers to find what varieties of olives are best adapted to the soils and climate of Southern California. These experiments cost thousands of dollars and years of toll and watchfulness. For Instance, the Rev.

F. of Pomona Valley, went to Italy, Spain and the Riviera, and spent months in studying the old olive Industry there In all its phaaea He Imported seventy varieties of olive trees and gave 'seven years and drew heavily on his financial resources to the several varieties fully in several soil under various climatic conditions. Edward W. Fries spent oyer 920.000 and ten years In finding a variety of olive trees best adapted to. oil production fa Southern California.

Elwood Cooper planted and replanted a large acreage to Imported oUve trees In bis effort to ascertain' the most satisfactory, variety for the seacoaat lands ot sunny Santa Barbara County. About eight years ago California olives begaiL. to be seen ln the markets and to-day they are shipped. East ln hogshead, Quantities. 'The early experimenters are at-last-reaping- their reward ln sub-! stantlal pro Ota for "all their outlay and work, MISSION OLIVE MOST POPULAR.

The Mission. olive 1s sttjl the xnoyV poju- lar variety grown In California because- of Its steady bearing Qualities, but tha Neva. 4iIlo and Rubra, which are Imported from Lombardy. are fast coming Into popular favor with the olive buyers ln the East. As In growing oranges, lemons, and prunes In this there are certctn localities where olives 'thrive extraordinarily well and where the planters have greater faith ln that branch of horticulture than In any other.

Thus, for Instance. In the northwestern part of Santa Barbara County there Is little or no attempt to grow any variety of fruit but lives, while in. Ventura County, which adjoins, there are few and small olive orchards, but Immense tracts are devoted to growing prunes and lemons. Pomona Valley Ir the acknowledged home of the olive Industry ln Southern California, and the fact that from 800.000 to. 830.000 trees for planting olive orchards have been grown, there and shipped away annually makes It the most Important olive nursery depot on thla continent There are ln California nine mills for the production of oil from the olive.

The largest Is the James mill, at Ban Fernando. It was built two years ago on plans from Italy, and much of the machinery and apparatus came from Leghorn, Italy, and Barcelona. 8 pa in. The Cooper olivmlll at Santa Barbara and the Kimball mill at National City, near the Mexican border line ln San Diego County, have each cost many thousands of dollars and have been sources of large profit 80 large has been the call for California olive oil since 1898 that tha whole product has frequently been sold ln less than ninety days after Its extraction from the berries. It.was formerly Contend-ed for years that the live on, adulterated' with cottonseed and peanut oils and other Ingredients, was so popular and cheap In" the United States that the average person dM not kndw the difference, and therefore did not care for the pure on of the oil re.

-In California the method of growing olive trees from small cuttings has for ten years been made a great success. Olive trees for orchard planting purposes used to cost 7 and $8 each. They can now be had by the thousand for 10 and 15 cents each. A poor Pomona nurseryman found by experimenting that olive trees could be propagated from cuttings by starting them In the Winter months in boxes of sand In hot greenhouses. That discovery haa been worth million of dollars to California and the Southwest, but the discoverer la still working in a Pomona nursery for $1.50 a day.

The new method of propagating requires the most constant attention and much experience, but the plants are grown on such aa enormous scale that the cost of each Is very low. When the cuttings art rooted they axe transferred In the warmer months of Spring to the out-of-doors nursery, where they become trees of three and four feet In height In twelve or eighteen months. AMPLS ROOM' FOR Tho practical grower plants the trees la his olive orchard forty feet apart, so that there win be ample room for the roots to spread over a Urge area and to' get all the sustenance possible from the soli. Hidalgo Tablada of Spain, the most famous author. Uy on live culture ouuide of California, says that fifty feet Is a safe span, as the roots of each tree spread once and a half the diameter of Its crown.

This separation, too. Insures light and heat la abundance, some crowem even pruning out the centre of the tree tn goblet shape to further bestow these aaxlUarlee. The olive has an almost human gift of adaptation to environment It flourlehee In a temperature lhat falla to 14 degrees above sero, and ln the Inland valleys of California, where the thermometer reaches 120 degrees, It lrrirated onlv by Years Native Fruit AVCl Be natural rainfall. It finds ln California foothills Just such homelike surroundings aa at Its level In Algeria, and Its Italian" elevation of 8,200 feet. It will prosper In any friable soil rich ln lime and potash, as are- all the virgin lands of tha coast.

It also docs well where Its roots can penetrate easily a rocky, clay, sand, granite, or voice nia formation, seeming to prefer an arid mountain soil, but not disdaining life ln the black adobe near the To people whose, knowledge' of olives haa been, confined to a row of bottled Uvea on the shelf of a grocery store or to barrels or kegs of the fruit near the store counter it will be news to learn that there are ln Spain. Italy, and California some 200 varieties ot olives, the oU of each being as distinct ln flavor as the wines of different grapes, and the colore of the oils ranglag from amber to deep gold. The pickling olive Is no more to be confused with the Oil olive than the raisin grape with the wine The picking and harvesting of oUves' la California Is largely done by. boys and who drive their prepared wagons under the branches or- spread canvas on the ground to catch the fruit. The tree Is generally shaken, or the fruit may be dropped by hand or dislodged by padded rakes, tha gatherer being duly Impressed by the ancient precept, Do not cut or strike Minerva's sacred OBTAINING OLXVB OIL, To secure the olive oil the olives have first to be reduced to a paste-tike substance, the" mass being packed by band Into round, fat manlia mats.

Imported from Italy and Spain, and known as bruacolea, so that each mat holds about half a bushel of olive pulp. The met are plied one upon another to the height of a yard and placed In a powerful hydraulic press. The pressure upon them Is gradual, continuing for several hours, until the pulp has been squeesed dry. The oU runs with the -water of vegetation Into tin tanks below. The next; process Is filtering and separating the oil and water, and then comes a series of clarifications ot the oil to suit the demands ot commerce and to please the appetltie of consumers.

The process of clarifying olive oil requires about a week in a constant temperature of SS degrees. Extreme care must be. exercised. In order to keep any odor or taint bf atmosphere from the apartment where the clarification Is ln progress, for olive on IS unusually susceptible to attracting and holding odors and dust. edible alls and some of there, perhaps, are filtered through prepared cotton or, charcoal lying between sand and chalk, the sand ho Wing the gross Impurities and the charcoal the subtler.

while the chalk absorbs part of ths water' of vegetation. The final product la preserved la earthen Jars or In cool reservoirs. Up to this time a. small Quantity of the California olives have found their way into the markets east of Chicago, the call for them la the West having been more than equal to the supply. Minneapolis, Omaha, New Orleans, San Francisco, and the City of Mexico have all been good points for the sale of the olives from this coast this year.

-'There is a feeling- among' horticulturists all over California that the Eastern people 'being wedded 7 to the peculiar flavor of I the green olives "of the Old Wrld and having a- conservatism that Is unknown tn the -West, bard Work and patient effort win be required to cultivate a general consumption there of oUves from this Bute. The wonderful success hadV; however. In the last seven years ln Introducing California prunes and raisins la the moat conservative Eastern markets gives the olive growers good reason for believing their product win in time be as popular there. VERY FEW: DOGS IN CITY STREETS Why New York Has Less Than Any Otfier Large City. NEW YORK ha fewer dogs than any reat city in the world.

If the ordinance Introduced' in the Board of Aldermen by John L. Oold water of the Bronx, providing that no person shall keep a dog in any dwelling occupied by more than one family, becomes a tew the small number will become even smaller. Eaglish-m" who Wf this city-Londoners who have been accustomed to taking their dog down town when they go to business New York. It has seemed strange to them not to aee any dogs on the streets or la the offices where they have been, or la the hotele or the big It has" been so different In London! English actresses, too, who have contracted the dog habit. nwnat put about when autocratic hotel managers ln New York have declined to permit them to have their dogs with them la their rooms.

tber bn reaso for the disappearance of the doe- rm. New York streets. When a ma his home la Harlem or the Bronx and takes an elevated train for his office In Park wen take a dog wfth him. The managers of the elevated object. And the dog would find It a dlfflcuUun-dertaklng to fasten his eye oa the right train and follow his master by trotttng along the street underneath.

In LoBloI It te different. Any do, that could not keep pace with a London bus has I no business being a dog. Of course, there te i tub" dog. are allowed to ride in that, under certain restriction as to also and combatlveneiia. The furthest that London has yet gone In the matter of reetrictlng the liberty of the dog hae baenln a proposed but Introduced recently by a Mr.

Hanbury ginng- the council or a borough the power to make by-laws prescribing the wearing by doge while in a highway or In a place of pubiio resort of a collar with the name and address of the owner Inscribed on the collar or on plate or badge attached thereto. Any dog or class of dogs, however, may be. either conditionally or absolutely, exempted from the operation of the proposed by-law. In New York the cottar te a necessary adjunct to every, dog that wants to live. A yearly license of two dollars a dog te exacted.

by the Bute law. and aa visible evidence that the Us has been each animal mutt have a cohar about Its neck with a metal tag attached bearing the num. ber the license. Dogs not licensed are eiied, and If not claimed and redeemed within forty-eight hours may be destroyed. The provisions of the act with rerard to dogs have been delegated to the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to to carry ont.

en4 tvu licenses, collects the fees, and provides shelters for lost or homeless animals. 80 few dbgs are there, in tbe'ctty. however, that the revenue from llcenea and fine is less every year than the cost of enforcing the law and maintaining the shelters. Paris. the dog has Utile to complain of in regard to the legal regulations gov ernlng his existence.

Provided his owner feeds him regularly and he te not too much mauled by the small boy. Ills Is fairly eay with him. Every bwner of a Cos ln Franca must declare, the fact tn writing to th Mair of his district. Aa Inspector then cornea to the house and deciles what tac te applicable, for there are two categories of tax, vts that for a watch dog. for which five francs (11) a year are collected, and that for a pet dog.

which pays ten francs. Th tax te doubled if It te found that a fate declaration baa bee made, and tripled ln the case of an omission to declare. Every dog must wear a collar bearing the name and address of th owner, and stray dogs are taken to the Fourrier, or Horn for Lost Dogs, and kept three days, If claimed withia that time th dog te restored to It owner, wbav la addition to a charge of about tea cents a day for keep, has to pay a maximum of thirty-five cents for th conveyance of ths dog home. Unclaimed dogs are put to death painlessly by suffocation, the average number asphyxiated being from thirty to forty a day. THIS AUTO MAY SPEED.

ll' Betocrt to Flra CLkf GrokaV. Vho Zojors Feat A CTOMOBILISTS who like to speed but may not do so without being: hauled up in court for violating the law watch Chief Croker with manifest envy as he spins through th streets la hi light, swift auto, everybody clearing the way for It, on his way to a fir. It la a matter of business with th Chiefs but It te exhilarating and exciting, nevertheless, and hs enjoys It immensely. When be baa attended a fire late at night In the almost deserted lower end of Manhattan or In some other part of th city where th street ar not fined with pedestrians and vehicles, th Chief sometimes Indulges la a pteasur ride of some velocity back to ate home or to Fir Headquarter. There Is lit tie or no danger then, and ha tell his driver to open her up." The ride la.

most refreshing after spending sotn Urn, perhaps hours, ln. a smoke-filled building, and enables him to get a good night's sleep. Last Saturday night, after the Chief and his firemen bad quenched the fir ln Dunne Street, near Broadway, which came so near burning th historic Cobweb HaH." Mr. Croker Jumped Into his little auto and started back noma, It was nearly midnight and lower Broadway wis practically deserted when turned Into It. As did so heard a tremendous rattling and -x- choo-chooing.

th blatant toot-toot of aa auto horn, and an enormous autdnioblle awerred to the left and passed th Chiefs. In It were three men and 'three women, who could scarcely be seen becaus of th blue flags and bunting with which th machine was' bedecked. They were' Tale enthusiasts, and. singing a rollicking college song, were celebrating the' victory of their school over Princeton. Tb driver for the Chief permitted them to pass and then waited a few moments for the last of the blockaded street ears to get started.

Then he opened her op, and away, aped th Chiefs frail-looking go-cart a law-bceaklng rate. It closed in on th Yale bunch. anT then tried to rub up at her aide, a thing which the Yale crowd WotiM'no't think ot permitting as long as they could help K. They, too, opened and both machines shot en up Broadway at a terrific pace, tb born 09 one blowing fiercely and the gong on the other ringing above the almost deafenlng nois made by the heavy machine. Then the auto carrying th Chief of a sudden shot ahead Ilk a rocket, leaving th big on lumbering noisily along behind.

Th latter turned into Waverley Place and on over to Fifth Avenue, but It turned behind, and not In front of the Chiefs carriage. "Bait" for Wild Turkeys. WILD turkeys are eUll qulta plentiful In some portions of North Carolina, a they also are la Arkansas. Texas, Indian Territory, Oklahoma, and Southern Missouri, says-The' American Field, but Just bow. long they win be plentiful la any ot the States is a Question, If the Btates possess a GU McDuffic, as does North Carolina, who, it "la said," only short time sino killed seven turkeys at one shot.

It 1s claimed that McDurfie has killed 1.300 wild turkeys and 700 deer ln his time, besides countless. numbers ot smaller game. Th way he make hia war oa turkeys te by He finds where a flock of turkeys use and he lays a train of corn to a locality where be can arrange a good blind. The blind te made and corn te pat out ln good quantity for the turkeys not far away, be being careful to place the corn tn such shape that whea the turkeys feed upon It they win be weU bunched. He then secrete himself In his blind and lies ln wait for tb Whea they com and get bunched up over th quart or two of corn, he turns loose 'with a shotgun, and th slaughter Is tremendous.

Pocket Boxes for Safety Matches. f)NE effect of the Fire Commissioner's plan to abolish the parlor match will be a teas to sellers of pocket match Thousands of these, made of silver and gold and other materials, sre sold every year la New York. A well-known dealereeyo that on of hi stores has been selling about 400 a year. It Is Impossible to calculate the total number people buy. The sa'ea are especially popular about this time of the year, whea folks ar looking for Christ ma presents.

If the Fire Commissioner's promise to abolish ail except safety matches oa Jan. 1 becomes generally known, there will be a dropping oft ln our trade thla Christmas. The plan-has Just been announced, but I've already heard talk of Inventions to make pocket safes suitable for safety nwtchea. One of the models consists of a safe with a allda attachment in which a tiny paneL Containing the preparation on which aarety matches' are lighted, may be slipped. Undoubtedly soma way win found to make the new sort of match and the pocket safe get along Preference for Home-Made Scents la thla dty America- perfumes, eepectat-ly th most expensive grades, ar supplanting those of French manufacture.

This year the trad la high grade has lm-proved 10 per cent, more than tn any recent year. The cheaper kinds are becoming lm lucceetful Tig jrett trade In per. turnery te near Christmas time. Then the American cheaper product have an advantage because present givers Invariably look for attractive wrapping. American manufacturers have learned thla and turn to added advantar the fact that the FTfnfh CUBAN SOCIETY AT iPR ESI DENPS 1 BALL Crush Which M-ufc'Diadn Almost in Impossibility, paeial Correspondence Tu Ngw Toax Tiw HAVANA.

Nov. li-At test th palace ha taken place, and aJ looked forw ward to for months, sad. being th first given by the Prerfdeot. was a greater la Cubaa society. The President and each member of hi Cabinet submitted a B7rf truest, and besides these th ht rued a th Whit given some month as by th young society men Havana, wss adopted bodily.

The number of Invitation Issued was about ZO00 and nearly all were There was a crush. And yet anany persons whea name are ordlaarllr tnduded In function of this kind aad who from their standing la society expect to be remembered were lea out on thi occasioa. On th other band, many who are rarely favored received th moch-eoveted tevw tatlona, On wen-known family whose attendant was not requested attributed this the fact that In on of Cuba' wars a high ranking official of th present Ooverruaeat was made prisoner by a Spanish General who was aa uncle ef the. present head of the family mentioned. Th editor of one ef th leading dailies, who te ate a Ceogree.

man. was not Invited. Te those who had read from day to day the violent attacks he made upon th administration thla was not remarkable. He evidently expected aa Invitation, even to. the- teat saiaut.

for te th edition of Wednesday a promised hi readers a full account of the ban te Thursday morning paper. But when Thursday morning came this was not gives. Instead devoted almost column to the sHght he had received, putting it under the head of Political News of Last Nlght- COLORED MEN INVITED. There were several colored men among th Invited guests. They are the leading representative of their race, and as the affair was aa official on they could not have been left out without again causing unpleasant discussion over the color Question, which of late has been agitated very little.

AH -of the lnvtutlon were answered by regrets. The cards were graved la Spanish, the wording of the first part being as follows: a The President of the Bepublio His Wife. Genoveva O. de Estrada Palm, have th Honor From 9 o'clock until midnight was the time, named, and at th former bear carriages began to arrive. One great adnata re ot Havana te that every one may ride, sine It costs only a peseta (about 13 cents) to drive anywhere within very extended limit.

There were a few private carriages with liveried coachmen and footmen, but for th most part hired cabs were as they are called. These lined all of tha street about th palace, in th hop of passengers, la the evening, when th guests were leaving, tte caller at th entrance signaled these approach, just a In th North the n-rs of th carrtag or nam of the owner aaeM be called. There war hundreds-of peopte staaalne) about, watching the entrance er the gay throng; There must have been Quit as many outside as inalde. They were very quiet and simply looking oa at that which they might not ahar. Bentrle from 'the Cuban 'Artillery aad Rural Guards stood about th entrance; and an.

attendant took- the -ward of invitation. 1 Lelncxrcn -hMtsUane ap tb several, flights. Af fSnsaatairs to the President's apartments was a strip of crimson carpet, held place by brass. rods. As Ve ascended, of music from the Municipal Band ln the Courtyard floated up to ua, and a' few minute later the bars -of a dreamy Mexican Walts reached ua from tb and Mrs, Pal ma stood on the left aa.

we entered the first reception room, aad so faced the gueeta from th time they entered the corridor. Governor General and Mrs, Wood used to stand on the right. The tw aides. CapC Martin Poey and Lieut. Pep Cardenas, in cmforra.

with their badge of office, the gold aigrettes and coed, presented the guests. Both host aad hostess were very grectou and gave a cordial welcome to each guest, seemingly recognising each nam th moment It was pronounced. We reached the ballrooms at 0:43. aad found a' large crowd already there. Some were promenading, some dancing, but doing neither with marked success, on account of th crowded condition of tb rooms.

The chaperon were sitting about th room. It would be hard connect th thought of hard times with that assemblage. There were beautiful Parisian gowns and ex-outsit Jewel. AJao there were many beautiful women, the fairest of whom, la the eye of many, being Elena Herrera, th wife of Lteut. Gabriel Cardenas.

CoL Has kin. commanding the ratted 8 tat force ln Cuba, was there ln full drese uniform. With him was Ms Aate-taatt Capu Mclatyre, who wore the new full-dre uniform recently adopted for tb army. Capu A ultima a. Instructor of th Cuban Artillery, was th only other Units States Army officer present.

DIPLOMATS OUT IN FORCE. The Diplomatic Corp was out te ferca, and formed a party of It own. The Uaiud State MiaUter aad hi secretaries were there, a ate wer tb British and French Minister. It a coincidence that the wives of both of th are American by birth. Th Mlnfsrtee from San Salvador was present.

wUl preossd shortly to tb Caitsd State to who Government he te likewise accredited, and In whoa capital he will take up bis residence. I could not but remark the difference between this ban aad th others that have been glvea during th past three years is point of gueeta. All of tb appoint meets were perfect at th Preaadeat' ban. Just they bar been at.tb former one. Bu'.

while Cuban wer In th majority fortaer-ly, they wer not la such overwhelming majority a at thla function. There could not have beea more than tweety er tweaty flve Americana among th L900 or man people present. ESCAPED THE CHAPXRONES. Tb young peopte tried to 4ane all daring tn eveettng. bwt-K was always crowded to do this with mack comfort.

I corners and occupying sofas were young Cubans, making tb meat of th tint that they wer away from lb chaperon. Flew ere aad palma wer banked everywhere, forming friendly screen. Through the tare which abut ff th trrtng roams from the other part of tb house, waving curtate disclosed th Junior members ot tb fans-lly playing and snjorlng the gayety their wsy. Th alnlag room era, threw pa aboat 11 o'clock, and at one proved tb centre of attraction, leering the parlors comparatively deserted. Bveeti, Ices, sandwlchee, te wer served, beside wines and "punch.

Tb dlalng room te Imsaen, atsd so, although most Of th guests were te there at one, there was room for the waiter te pa sround with their tray a Many eaJJ 'Good nliht" at once after surP'. tvr oa ta tvs rour cf 12, fc-t I.