Chicago Tribune from Chicago, Illinois • Page 25

2 Section 2 Chicago Tfibuno, Sunday, September 9, 19B4 Citysuburbs Chicago-area community colleges Percent of students intending 4. A.tmar fttlonAR Percent minority enrollment who actually did Mostly-black City Colleges Olive-Harvey 95 I 19.0 Kennedy-King 94 Selected white suburban colleges McHonry 10 CZD12.3 Du Pago 1 2 Malcolm 126.4 92 Ll5.8 Mostly-white City Colleges Daley Harper Ell 10.6 Oakton fcjlO.O Moraine Valley Ezi11.8 Morton E5l1.7 BY CONTRAST, only 3 percent or suburban high school teachers receive bachelor's degrees from such nonselective colleges; one out of three teachers earned his degree at five teacher-training colleges with an average ACT score among their entering freshmen of 20.6. "The distribution of teachers is a key link in the chain of Inequality and may help explain the continuing channeling of large numbers of minority high school graduates to the same nonselective colleges that produced their teachers," Orfleld wrote. Many of the city's 64 high schools with high minority enrollments arc "dead-ends," Orficld said, where courses considered crucial to college entrance aren't even offered. In six schools, no foreign language is offered; in two, no chemistry; In eight, no physics; and in 18, no honors or advanced placement courses are offered in math and science.

NO RELIABLE figure exists for the number of minority high school graduates who enter college, Orfleld said. But on the basis of. his research, he believes that about three-quarters of them end up in the racially stratified City Colleges. Three of the eight City Colleges. Olive-Harvey, Kennedy-King and Malcolm nave more than 82 percent minority enrollment.

Two, Daley on the Southwest Side and Wright on the Northwest Side, are more than 70 percent white. In 1982, the year Orfleld studied, only 8.6 percent of the students who said they wanted to transfer from the three predominantly black City Colleges actually went to four-year colleges, while the white City Colleges transferred 18.2 percent. STUDENTS FROM the black City Colleges were 10 times as likely to attend less selective four-year colleges than students from white com- 121 22.8 though the population of black people of college age increased by 1.9 percent. For whites, the trend was reversed. Though the population of college-age whites in the Chicago area declined by 4 percent during tho period, the number of bachelor's degrees increased by 2.2 percent.

Hispanics, meanwliile, grew both in college-age population up 2.2 percent and number of bachelor's degrees up almost 17 percent. But Hispanics, who constitute 10 percent of tne city's college-age population, made up only 4.4 percent of the total undergraduate enrollment in the Chicago area. THE STUDY CONCLUDES that the channeling of minority students to poorer colleges is rooted in the earlier, unequal educations they receive in the Chicago public schools, which enroll fully 92 percent of all minority students in the Chicago area. Despite Chicago's voluntary desegregation program, half of the city's schools had minority enrollments of 95 to 100 percent in October, 1983, according to school board figures. Orfleld found that Chicago public high schools have fewer teachers per 1,000 students than suburban schools, especially in college-preparatory courses, and that city teachers are not as well prepared.

One out of four city high school teachers holding bachelor's degrees and one out of three with advanced degrees received them from Chicago State or Northeastern Illinois. Both universities, where scores of entering freshmen on the American College Test ACT average 13 and 14 points on a scale of 1 to 36, rank at the bottom of institutions sup- filying the majority of teachers in he Chicago metropolitan area, Orfleld said. Colleges Continued from pngc 1, tlr's section bachelor's degrees manage to transfer to four-year Institutions, and most of those who do transfer go to the state's least selective colleges and universities. 'Only half of the minority students who get Into four-year Institutions earn Dachelor's degrees. "IT'S A FULLY developed, Interlocking cycle of inequality that has grown up in the extremely stratified society of Chicago," Orficld told Tlie Tribune in a recent interview.

"We are talking about a society that already offers only a very narrow way out of the ghetto, and we are shutting down even that. "When you look at the effect of all these things," Orfleld continued, "it's clear a poor kid born In the wrong neighborhood doesn't have much of a chance to get into a decent college." The study was officially released Saturday, but City Colleges officials have known of its findings for several weeks. "I think it was damn presumptuous of Orficld to sit in his office at Ithe University of Chicago and pronounce judgment on City Colleges," Chancellor Salvatore Rotella said. "I'm afraid he's going for the headlines. He never took the time to go into one of the colleges and see what is going on here." Rotella, completing his first year as chancellor, said it is unfair to judge the City Colleges strictly on the oasis of the number of students who transfer to four-year colleges, inasmuch as that ignores the fact that nearly CO percent of entering students Indicate they are seeking job training, not bachelor's degrees.

Wright 21 13.6 Note: Figures are as of autumn, 1982 Chicago Trlbuno Chart; Source: Gory Orilold, Unlvorsity of Chicago profossor of public policy studios City Colleges Chancellor Salvatore Rotella: "I think it was damn' presumptuous of Orlield to sit in his olfice at the University ol Chicago and pronounce judgment on City Colleges." The study did not deal with the vocational aspect of the city colleg- CS'U0TELLA ACKNOWLEDGED, however, that the system does not know how many vocational students eventually find jobs in the fields for which they were trained and is only beginning to track the progress of its graduates. The study determined that the made by minority students because of the civil rights movement are slowly eroding, at it ast in Chicago. Between 1975 and 1981, the number of bachelor's degrees earned by blacks in Chicago area colleges and universities declined by 3.7 percent, of solutions, many of which would entail significant new expenditures. They include: An increase in the financial aid available to minority, part-time and community college students, many of whom cite inadequate aid as a primary reason for dropping out. Access to a high school with a college-preparatory program for all Chicago public school students.

A system of transfers between city and suburban high schools and community colleges. munlty colleges in the city and suburbs, the study found. Almost half of all students who transferred from minority City Colleges In the fall of 1982 went to Chicago State. Access to the state's premier institution, the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, appears all but cut off for students from the black City Colleges. In the fall of 1983, only five students transferred from them to Champaign.

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