The Minneapolis Star from Minneapolis, Minnesota • Page 10

I 10A The Minneapolis Star Monday, Oct. 1, 1979 uick switch derails last' run of N. Coast Hiawatha ft, I u4 1 5 Slat Photo by Stonin Greener got a basement full of model trains to boot. I'd like to ride 'his train again." Atkinson wanted the seemingly doomed routes saved despite the many unpleasant experiences he's had on Amtrak in the last three years. "I've been cooked, frozen and starved," he said.

"Today, I have no lights and a broken toilet." Paying no attention to his bad luck, Atkinson has taken about two dozen Amtrak trips. "I don't know when to quit," he said. Fred Schilla 94, also wanted to catch the North Coast Hiawatha before it became extinct. "I understand they're going to take the train off," he said. "Whoever is responsible is crazy.

Business Is picking up now. I've always liked to ride a train. I prefer it to flying all the time." Alice Donlin, a retired postmaster who got on in Chicago, went so far as to cut her vacation three weeks short because she wanted to get home before service ends to a stop near her home in Mildred, Mont. Theis heartened Amtrak fans with his restraining order, which said there would be irreparable harm if the three trains were taken off the tracks before he could consider a motion for a permanent in (Train, from Page 1 a) trak refused to load luggage in the baggage cars Saturday because crew members were afraid some stations along the route might be closed already. The confusion was general.

Stan Blagrove, station manager, chomped on his cigar and said, "I couldn't tell you a nickel's worth" whether the train will run again. "All of us would like to know one way or the other," added ticket agent Bruce Smith. "We hope they keep it on," said Louis Scott, 61, while mixing drinks in the club car where he's worked for 30 years. "I think people like to ride trains." But brakeman W.K. "Bill" Espe, 54, who has been with the railroad 30 years, took a grim view, as his clothes proved.

"I'm in a black shirt because I'm in a state of mourning shock and mourning," said Espe, who was also wearing a Northern Pacific belt buckle, tie and patches. It wasn't only the employees who were in mourning Saturday night. "Half of us riders are rail fans," said Bruce Atkinson, a Milwaukee computer programmer. "It's the last train, and I'm a rail fan. I've junction.

His order also affected the Lone Star, from Chicago to Houston, and the Floridian, from Chicago to Miami and St. Petersburg. Amtrak officials plan to tell Theis today that his order is "playing havoc with our national operations," said spokesman Jim Bryant in Washington. It will cost Amtrak $200,000 a day to run those trains, he said. A fourth train got a brief reprieve Friday when a federal appeals court in Washington ordered the National Limited, from New York to Kansas City, to continue running until at least Oct.

10. But U.S. Chief Justice Warren Burger signed an order Sunday vacating that ruling and abolishing the train. The cut in routes comes at a time when business has picked up nationally for Amtrak because of the energy crisis. But Amtrak officials now claim that they need some routes eliminated so they can provide better service and put newer equipment on the remaining routes.

The North Coast Hiawatha has been one of two trains to pass through the Twin Cities on the way to Seattle. The Empire Builder, which is scheduled to continue to go to Seattle three days a week, t. Stanislaus gets a fresh Hiawatha made themselves and rode back to the Twin Cities on what they feared would be the last westbound Hiawatha. "My first memory of the Hiawatha was when I was at an orphanage at Sparta, in the Depression years," she said. "The Hiawatha would zoom past the orphanage and when you're small you stand in awe.

"It was always glistening. It went so rapidly. It. formed an escape for me. I'd imagine if I got out of the orphanage and on that train, I could go enywhere in the world." When Nelson was 13 she took the Hiawatha to the home of her face for "welcome to my friends from Brooklyn." In the butcher shops and bakeries, photographs of the pope hang in places of honor next to pictures of Poland's patron saint, Our Lady of Czestochowa.

Even the aproned young men at Steve's butcher shop ate excited. "It's only happened once in over 400 yeas and he's Polish," one young man said of the first non-Italian pope in that period of time. "We'll give him some kielbasa if he comes by." At St. Stanislaus in Manhattan, the Rev. Joseph Olinski, who "just nrs a feeling" his church won't be forgotten, said 70 parishioners painted the message "Hola Juan Pablo Dos" along the route.

T-oston is an enthusiastically Roman Catholic town. About 60 percent of Eoston's adult population is Roman Catholic, a concentration second only to Chicago. Some aspects of life there politics, for example are just about completely dominated by members of John Paul's church. company that started in Green-point with the first wave of Polish immigrants at the turn of the century. Greenpoint, with 50,000 residents, has New York's largest concentration of Polish people and continues to grow with the influx of Polish immigrants.

But three-quarters of a million more Polish-Americans are sprinkled throughout New York City's five boroughs. The pope is to address the United Nations, say Mass at Yankee Stadium, give a Benediction at Shea stadium, visit St. Patrick's Cathedral and address a rally at Battery Park, but no official activities are Thousands on hand as Pope opens his U.S. visit in Boston (Pope, from Page 1 a) expected 2 million people poured onto Boston Common, jostling for positions to see the pope. In the "Little Italy" of Boston's North End, they put out huge welcome signs II and moved the statue of St.

Agrappina to the sidewalk for a passing papal blessing. At Kosciusko Circle, where the comfortable newly adopted parents. When she was 19 she ran away from home on the train. She rode to some of her first jobs on the train and remembers hopping aboard troop trains during World War II. "The train did a lot of things in my lifetime," she said.

"It kept changing my life. I feel nostalgic about it. I always loved the train." Saturday's ride on the Hiawatha made Nelson remember old times. "It was an elegant era" when the trains were in their prime, she said. "It's sad they might take it off.

It brings back a lot of memories for me very good memories." the pope showed up to authorize the $7,000 necessary to refurbish the front of the church and prepare a banner declaring witamy (welcome) to the pope. That from a parish where funerals have outnumbered baptisms by 3-to-l in the past several years and urban decay has driven out many of the residents. "They're proud they are Polish," Olinski said. "That's what the pope has done for them. People are amazed.

He's such an erudite man." Only 10 tickets per parish were being distributed for the Mass at Yankee stadium and Olinski said the names of the recipients will be drawn from a hat. Zbigniew Konikowski, who is chairman of the committee to welcome the pope in New York for the Polish-American Congress, said he is "extremely disappointed" that the pope's official activities with Polish-Americans were reserved for Chicago's larger Polish-American community. It didn't matter to the people at the daily senior citizens' lunch at the Polish-Slavic center in Greenpoint. Agnes Szwalek, born in the United States but raised in Poland, said: "Just think of it. How wonderful it is.

Poland was always knocked down by a war and now little Poland such a big bird coming from such a little nest." may be 10 or 15 years down the road doesn't have that high a priority." Critics protest that the taxpayer should not have to support research that ultimately benefits industry. But in defense, researchers point to cases where the public benefits once industry jumps on the bandwagon. A classic example is the taconite research conducted at the University of Minnesota. In 1918, Dr. Edward Wilson Davis, superintendent of the University of Minnesota's Mines Experiment Station, worrying about the imminent depletion of the high-grade iron ore in the Me-sabi Iron Range in northern Minnesota.

The range, Davis wrote, was like "a slice of raisin cake 110 miles long." The raisins high-grade iron ore were almost gone. The cake what remained on the Range was taconite. Taconite contains iron, but at the time there was no economical way to remove the metal. The economy of the Iron Range would be devastated once the high-grade deposits were gone. Davis spent tho next 20 years trying to figure out how to mine taconite and upgrade it so that it would be economical to process into iron.

He could get no help from the iron companies. But he received between $15,000 and $80,000 a year for the project from the Minnesota Legislature. By 1941, he had a solution to the problem. Then pressure from a Junior Chamber of Commerce group helped the passage of a law to ease the tax levy on taconite. Those two factors both of them the results, direct and indirect, of a university professor's work drew industry back into the picture.

And in 1943, the Reserve Mining Co. borrowed $165 million to build a taconite processing plant in Silver Bay, Minn. The state's total investment in taconite between 1921 and 1973 was $5 million. Last year alone, that investment generated $106 million in state taxes. That, in essence, is the case scientists make for basic research.

Tuesday: The scramble for research dollars. Passengers on North Coast takes a more northern route. Because of the planned elimination of the North Coast Hiawatha, the Empire Builder is scheduled to be rerouted through St. Cloud, Staples and Detroit Lakes, with Wilhnar, Morris and Breckenridge losing service. To train enthusiasts, such as El-sye Nelson, 57, Minneapolis, the fate of the trains is more than a matter of economics.

For her, the end of the North Coast Hiawatha would be like losing part of her roots. She and some friends took a train to La Crosse, Saturday planned with the Polish-Americans in New York. Even so, they hope the "No. 1 public relations man" for the Polish image will remember them. "We realize the pope belongs to everyone.

He's noi just a Polish prelate anymore," said Rev. Joseph Szpilski, pastor of Greenpoint's St. Stanislaus Xostka, where the pope visited in 1963 and 1976 as Cardi-nel Xarol Wojtyia of Cracow. But Szpilski quickly pointed out that when a group he led to Rome in June held up a sign saying they were from Brooklyn, the pope opened his address to the thousands in St. Peter's Square with a banners say "Witamy Jan Pavel the parishioners of Our Lady of Czestochowa readied the bright red Polish costumes they were to wear when the papal motorcade passed.

In South Boston, the proprietor of Kelly's Clover Leaf Pub put up a friendly "Cead Mile Ffiilte JP II" on the wall, and in a Hispanic parish in Roxbury the schoolchildren ian physicist named Paul Selenyi. In the 1920s and '30s, Selenyi had discovered that a fine powder spread over a statically charged face of a cathode ray tube the ancestor cf the TV picture tube-would cling to the lines of the electric field the way a balloon, having been rubbed against a sweater, will cling to a ceiling. The Hungarian's goal was to understand static electricity by seeing how it formed on a surface. But Carlson, in effect, reversed the direction of the research and found ways of controlling the electric field so it would duplicate the words on a printed Had Selenyi's work not been been available, Carlson might never have come up with what we now know as the photocopying process a process that last year earned the Xerox Corp. $47G.

9 million in profits. "It is impossible," the 15 university presidents argued, "to perceive in advance what basic knowledge wilt prove important to the solution of a particular practical problem." Although basic researchers may have trouble justifying individual projects on the basis of their ultimate economic value, there is evidence that the research investment overall has reaped big payoffs. In a Brookings Institution study titled "Accounting for United States Economic Growth 1 929-1969," economist Edward F. Deni-son concludes that 34 percent of the country's economic growth be-tween 1948 and 1969 was the result of advances in knowledge. The average annual rate of economic growth during that period vas 3.85 percent.

So Denison's estimate is that 1.37 cf those 3.85 percentage points were based on new scic ntific knowledge. Says the National Science Foundation's Atkinson: "The average annual gain in U.S. productivity declined from 3.3 percent in i 947-1967 to only 1.8 oercent in 1967 1977 "One factor contributing to this decline is a slowdown in spending for research and development Research in such areas as chemical processing, engineering and materials will contribute to efforts to improve productivity." Most of the money spent on ba Is it a wa of the ste or progress? John Paul's 1st 2 days in the U.S. VATICAN CITY Here is the official itinerary for Pope John Paul tonight and Tuesday. All times are local.

Starred events are to be broadcast live by one or more television networks. Monday, Ocl. 1 3:00 p.m. Arrives in Boston Greeted by Rosalynn Carter, Cardinal On-berto Madeiros, and other officials. 3:35 p.m.

Brief stop at Holy Cross Cathedral. 5 p.m.--Celebrates Mass on the Boston Common followed by a motorcade to the cardinal's residence in Brighton where he will stay overnight. Tuesday, Oct. 2 I a.m. Papal plane leaves for New York.

9:15 a.m. Pope received at LaGuardia airport by U.N. Secretary General Kurt Walaheim. 10 a.m. Arrives at U.N.

headquarters, meeting with General Assembly President Salim Ahmed Salim. 12 noon Pope addresses General Assembly. 2:45 m. Pope addresses U.N. staff in General Assembly Hall.

4:45 p.m. Visit to'St. Patrick's Cathedral, followed by brief stops at churches in Harlem and South Bronx. 8 p.m. Mass in Yankee Stadium.

Night at archbishop's residence. (Research, from Page ia) the GNP, dropped by 20 percent. Research and development as a fraction of the GNP increased by 15 percent in the Soviet Union, by 16 percent in West Germany and by 20 percent in Japan. In the United States, the portion of the labor force consisting of scientists and engineers doing research and development declined by 13 percent. That figure increased by 55 percent in the Soviet Union, by 53 percent in West Germany and by 62 percent in Japan.

What is baaic research, and why does it matter how much of it goes on? Insect control by scent Take those cockroaches. Roach research recently led to the creation of an artificial copy of the chemical that attracts male cockroaches to females. One hundredth of a gram of this chemical would be enough to set hearts raring in 100 billion cockroach chests. It could bs ustd to lure cockroaches to their deaths in traps. In similar experiments, scientists are hoping to find ways to control mosquitoes without pouring tons of dangerous chemicals Into the environment.

And only a few weeks ago, scientists studying Dutch elm disease at the Freshwater Biological Research Institute near the Twin announced dramatic success in experiments using sexual attrac-tant to lure disease-carrying elm bark beetles away from healthy trees. Yet the first scientist who dreamed up the notion of figuring out how one bug strikes another's fancy must have been thought mad. So it is, scientists say, with much of basic research. Researchers feel misunderstood, abused and ignored except when someone has something bad to say about them. More often than not in recent years, they say, they have become the whipping boys for a public chafing under heavy taxes and other economic woes a public that puts great trust in technology, only to feel outraged and betrayed by ex life By United Press International NEW YORK On the Lower East Side, babka.s (Polish grandmas) scraping along on Social Security checks have been chipping in $25 each to gild and paint the front of St.

Stanislaus church, the only ethnic Polish parish in Manhattan. Across the East River in Brooklyn's larger and more flourishing Polish-American community of Greenpoint, where mothers are sprucing up the flowers and ribbons on their children's bright red folk costumes krakowianki and gorale dresses from the southern mountain region of Poland. Pastors ordered flags of America, Poland and the Vatican to decorate the streets and neat row houses that fan off Greenpoint's downtown with its kielbasa (Polish sausage) shops, the Polska cafe and Chopin movie theater and signs advertising the Miss Polonia contest. All this just in case the motorcade of Pope John Paul passes by during his tightly scheduled visit to New York Tuesday and Wednesday. "It's on everyone's lips, 'What's new today? Will he come here or said Joseph Glowacki, an executive with the Polish National Alliance of Brooklyn, an insurance Roger StaebJe the Three Mile Islands and the I ove Canals.

"People look at technology as bad, and they make it a scapegoat," says Roger Staehle, dean of the Institute of Technology at the University of Minnesota. "Technology is getting a bit of bad press these days. And our answer is, "Look, technology didn't do these things. People What is "basic" research? Who does it; who pays for it and why? Jack E. Goldman, chief scientist for Xerox former chief scientist for the Ford Motor and a former faculty member at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has feet planted both in academia and in private industry.

"Substantially," he says, "one would say that basic research is when you are seeking scientific truths. Applied research is when you are seeking an end result." "The instinct of a scholar is to search for human truth," he says. "It is the profit motive that pushes you to do applied research." The distinction between the two is easier to make in theory than in practice. Often, they meige somewhere in a gray area, where a scientist probing a natural process sic research comes from the federal government. By 1978, $6,045 billion was spent in this country on basic research, according to the National Science Foundation's Intent estimates.

Of that, J3.2S2 billion was provided by the federal government. The rest came from appropriations and grants from private foundations and industy. Colleges and universities spent $3,165 billion on basic research; $2,265 billion of that came from the federal government. In the U.S., then, most basic research is done in universities, not by industry. Yet it is industry that often reaps the profits.

So why is the taxpayer, through the federal government, saddled with so much of the cost? Avoiding high risks The reason, according to researchers, government officials and businessmen, is that the high-risk nature of basic research keeps industry away. That is, no one knows whether anything useful will come out of a basic research project when it begins. Thus, out of the $6,045 billion spent in 1978, less than a sixth-just $975 million was spent by industry. Jerome Wiesner, president of MIT and science adviser to Presidents Kennedy and Johnson, admits that not all countries rely on their universities for their basic research. Among those that do not: Germany, France and the Soviet Union.

But, he adds, these countries have independant research centers paid for by the government. "In other words, they don't primarily depend on their industry either. So there is a deeper reason why universities do basic research rather than just that they always have." Among those reasons, he says, is that the results of basic research cannot be patented. When a company makes a breakthrough in basic research, its findings benefit its competitors as well. Moreover, Wiesner says, "Given a relatively limited budget (in industry), the pressures are always to take your best people and put them on your biggest problems.

And working on a nroblem that simply because It interests him begins to get an inkling that his research has practical value. In the case of the cockroaches, the basic research is that which a scientist pursues simply because he wonders whr.t attracts one bug to another. Applied research begins when someone tries to use the principle of sexual attractiveness in pest control. Because basic research, by definition, takes place before there is a practical application for the findings, scientists say, it should not bf regulated or judged on the basis of its practical value or how much profit it ultimately will produce. And legislating the direction of basic research, scientists say, is like ordering artists to paint nothing but landscapes, poets to write nothing but sonnets, or musicians to play nothing but disco.

Nevertheless, scientists who occupy the bridge between the academic and political worlds have learned to argue in moe practical terms for the ultimate value of what they do. "When our stock of basic knowledge is inadequate as it is, for example, in the program to conquer cancer efforts to find a solution will be stymied until the needed knowledge is obtained," a group of 15 university presidents argued last year in a plea for continued federal funding. Says Richard Atkinson, director of the National Science Foundation: "It's the unfolding of knowledge that makes really big developments possible We just have to have a core of scientific work going on at all times in order to ensure that we have that knowledge." Take the work of Chester Carlson. Carlson, a young lawyer in the Astoria section of Queens in New York City in the mid-1930s, began to think about the wasted time spent retyping memorandums, letters and other papers that needed to be copied in his office. So he set up a small, baling-wire laboratory and began to look for a duplicating process like photography, but one that would not need liquid chemicals and lengthy drying.

Among the work Carlson was to draw upon was that of a Hungar.