Green Bay Press-Gazette du lieu suivant : Green Bay, Wisconsin • Page 4

Green Bay Press-Gazette ''-Vt('-r (support John Wyngaard Hp1 SATURDAY, JULY 15, 1972 Daniel C. Beisel, Publisher Wisconsin's Gerrymander James Bartelt, Editorial Page Editor Lawrence A. Belonger, Managing Editor LMJ David A. Yuenger, Editor John Wyngaard, Associate Editor A DAILY THOUGHT: For ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls. I Peter 2:25.

The Democratic Ticket The main consideration in George McGovern's selection of a running matp was that he he conmatible in philosophy and political records. And Sen. Thomas Eagleton of Missouri meets that qualification. From that point of view, the McGovern-Eagleton for instance, a ticket of McGovern and Sen. Jackson of Washington? Sen.

Eagleton complements the ticket primarily because he is a political unknown. Yet his voting record in the Senate is compatible with the McGovern political philosophy, he received a 100 per cent rating from labor's COPE and a high rating from the Americans for Democratic Action. He voted against the ABM and the SST. He is a Catholic and he represents an urban area. But basically the selection of Eagleton shows that this is a McGovern campaign, a campaign which revolves completely around the personality and the political philosophy of a senator from South Dakota.

Eagleton may become as well known a family name as Agnew in the months to com, but this is Sen. McGovern's show. He picked a running mate who would in no way upstage him in the campaign. ticket is a plausible one. I McGovern obviously preferred Sen.

Ted Kennedy as his first choice, but when Kennedy flatly refused, he turned to an unknown political figure rather than a number of other possibilities who could have lent strength to the ticket in areas where McGovern is weak. Such possibilities included Leonard Woodcock of the UAW, and Chairman Mills of the House Ways and Means Committee. But there were differences in political philosophies between McGovern and many of the other figures who were prominently mentioned for the vice presidency. How could one reconcile. tion has been facilitated and accentuated by the increasing judicial preoccupation with population equality." He writes that no less a man than former Chief Justice Earl Warren of the United States Supreme Court In a landmark reapportionment decision conceded that the integrity of political subdivisions, and the ideal of compact districts (as contained in the Wisconsin Constitution since 1848), among possibly others, may justify mild de-via ions from population equality.

But successive court edicts have wiped out the Warren qualifications. All of which is surely relevant to the political confusion wrought In Wisconsin by the new legislative apportionment act, which ranks nearly 99 per cent pure by test of slide rule, but is a clumsy, messy, confusing and irritating blur by any other standard. Anybody who feels that is unfairly severe should read the new act and examine its mapping. Many districts will put the examiner In mind of the childish scrawls of pre-kindergarten with respect to any relevance to other political or economic geography or configuration in any other test except arithmetic purity. Baker suggests that authors of such hodge-podges were evidently advised that partisan gerrymandering Is more likely to withstand judicial scrutiny than slight population deviations.

He nominates with tongue in cheek some authors of California reapportionment bills as candidates for the "Elbridge Gerry Memorial Award for Creative Cartography," after the early Massachusetts governor whose name has been given to "gerrymandering." There are some worthy candidates in Wisconsin, too, notably Rep. Fredrick Kessler (now a Lucey-appointed judge in Milwaukee) who shepherded the new Wisconsin MADISON Ten years after the United States Supreme Court asserted Its authority in the interpretation of the equal representation principle that buttresses American government, there are sober, serious and honest small democrats who wonder if the cause of "fair representation" has been truly served. Viewing the awkward consequences of the political map carving in Wisconsin this year, the full impact of which has not yet been registered, the question arises whether arithmetically equal representation standing alone is sufficient in an objectively democratic system. More specifically, is exact numerical equality adequate, or desirable, or truly fair, when the price paid is sacrifice of community of interest, community identity, blatantly calculated manipulation for party interests and those of incumbents who happened to be involved when the decen-n 1 a 1 census date became available? A studious friend of wide-ranging habits of reading has thoughtfully relayed a paper written for a national journal of academic sponsorship by a professional political scientist of the University of California. Prof.

Gordon Baker writes that the court-forced wave of legislative and congressional districting has created the most nearly equal constituencies in the history of the country. Arithmetic equality is more generally attained now than the reformers who crusaded against the "rotten borough" districts had dared to hope they could get. "But proponents of 'one man, one should neither rest on their laurels nor view the scene with rose-tinted glasses," he warns. "For the current remapping also promises the most extensive gerrymandering, both sophisticated and crude, in the nation's history. And paradoxically, the problem of district manipula Hands in the Cooky Jar Saturday Idea Forum Genetic Inferiority Theorists Criticized they exercised "poor judgment and will be reprimanded," meaning that their chances for the last scheduled moon shot or the subsequent Skylab mission are substantially reduced.

No doubt the astronauts were under great stress before the Apollo 15 flight. But these men were trained physically and mentally for months before the flight to give them the body toughness and sharp judgment which are required on such missions. It's unsettling to think that they, held up as outstanding examples of American manhood, succumbed to the lure of a fast buck through what must have been smuggling aboard the spaceship the 400 unauthorized postal covers in addition to the 232 authorized. Unlike the boy who gets caught with his hand in the cooky jar, the Apollo 15 astronauts had their excuses made for them by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for taking along 400 unauthorized postal covers to the moon last summer. Their idea was that the covers would be sold as part of an arrangement in which a $21,000 trust fund would be set up for their children.

The plan came a croppei when a West German stamp dealer offered some of them for sale at $1,500 each and NASA began an investigation. Only then did astronauts Scott. Irwin and Worden admit that they had acted improperly and refused to accept any money for the trust fund. NASA said Malaysia Seeks Markets William Buckley Convention's Patron Saint Malaysia has an unemployment rate of 7.6 per cent. But like most Asian nations its underemployment is phenomenal.

That is one reason there is no minimum wage rate and the usual pay for ordinary labor is only about $1 American a day. It's also why a Malaysian family of five people can live on approximately $23 American per month. But just to keep even with this standard the Malaysian minister of commerce and industry points out that 108,000 new jobs a year must be created. It is for this obvious reason that Minister Khir Johari was in New York recently and it explains why the Malaysian government is more actively seeking out the markets which Hong Kong and Singapore have drummed up in the past. Malaysia is the world's leading producer of such essentials as natural rubber, palm oil, tin and tropical hardwoods.

During World War II synthetics were developed to substitute for products under Japanese domination and this has cut into Malysian economy. But the products are still in large demand. There are about 300 foreign owned industries in Malaysia and there has not been the nationalization fever there that has occurred in so many former colonial possessions The country is trying to encourage development and outside investment in such fields as agri-industry and electronics and certain manufactured items for export. Malaysia is offering as inducements the relatively low wages and the more than adequate labor source since half of its 11 million population is 30 years old or under. But the explosive racial situation has served to deter investment.

Malaysia is now made up of Malays, Chinese and Indians. When it was joined to Singapore, primarily Chinese, the tensions became too much. There are still anti-Chinese riots but the government is hoping that with better economic conditions, the discontent and seeking for a scapegoat will end and there will be less immediate cause for violence. If there are future plans for more government restrictions on earnings, nothing is said about that now. Instead the emphasis is upon liberty for the transfer of such earnings, tax exemptions, the availability of industrial sites and the low rate of inflation, itself a rarity in Asia.

Such benefits for investing industry won't last of course. But Malaysia's aim is wisely to get the industry and then someone will get around to applying different terms. Currently that's a better atmosphere than can be had in a great many areas. What is needed is a careful, objective analysis of the evidence being brought forth by Jensen and the others. If, as has been claimed by their detractors, environment and not genetics is the key to understanding differences in intelligence quotient, then the cause of racial equality can only be aided by further study.

If, on the other hand, there is some truth in these theories of genetic racial inferiority, then there is no sense in pretending otherwise. The facts will have to be faced sooner or later, for truths have a way of hanging around until they are recognized and dealt with. Whatever the outcome of these genetic studies, however, it must be stressed that man's social relationships are not determined solely, or even primarily, by scientific evidence. The human species has the ability to implement compasssion as well as fact; to fight for moral justice as well as the right to be heard; to be guided by common sense as well as abstractions. While it is true that the teaching of racial inferiority endangers the struggle for civil equality, it is also true that persecuting a man for his beliefs is an even greater danger.

A good society can adjust to the truth. But a good society cannot adjust to tyranny, even the tyranny of the majority. To accept this reasoning is to accept the pursuit of knowledge, all knowledge, wherever the chase may lead, including studies of possible genetic inferiority among the races. To be even more reasonable, however, it would seem fairer and more honest not to use the word "inferior," which carries a pejorative connotation, in the publication of genetic studies. The word is not only pejorative but inaccurate, for intelligence quotient is only one measure, of the quality of a man.

Love and kindness and good deeds are far more significant than intelligence in judging how "successful" a person has been in his life. It is the quality of the soul, not the quality of the brain, that really matters. And on judgment day it is sould, not brains, that are weighed in the balance. Twenty Years Ago Today The county board was scheduled to act on a committee report which calls for an $80,600 budget for the sheriff's department for 1953. Starting Jan.

1, the department is to be reorganized with the sheriff to receive an annual salary of $6,500 to replace the fees -only system used for many years. Askeaton School, denied future state and county financial aid because it employed Catholic nuns for teachers, voted at its annual district meeting to change to lay teachers. The New Franken school faced with the same problem decided to continue with nuns as teachers. The county board voted, 44-3, to retain the county dance hall ordinance. The vote was to repeal the 14-year-old ordinance under which the county licenses public dance halls and designates non-board supervisors to police public dances.

Forty Years Ago Today While a hot sun blazed down out of clear sky, Green Bay residents, in common with others in the Middle West, sweltered as the thermometer registered In the high 80s. At noon it was 87. Babies put on the town's greatest show in recent years today, when 303 of them from 22 cities and towns, some from as far away as Sheboygan, paraded through the city streets in the "Million Dollar Baby" pageant With total enrollment now past the 50 mark, Seoul Executive M.H. McMasters has renewed his plea to Green Bay scoutmasters to stress participation for boys who have not yet decided upon attending the scout outing July 20. In order to meet truck competition, various railroads have applied to the ICC for permission to establish reduced freight rates on shipments of cheese from Green Bay and 17 other Wisconsin points.

By PROF. ROBERT A. HECHT Kingsborough Community College In America Magazine At the American Historical Association meeting held in New York during Christmas week of 1971, several pieces of literature attacking racists and racism were distributed to the members and visitors. Among the "racists" attacked were Richard Herrnstein, William Shockley, Arthur Jensen and H. J.

Eysenck, all of whom have been involved in studies relating genetics to intelligence quotient. These scholars have made statements indicating that their findings, among other results, show a lower average intelligence for blacks than for whites. They have further suggested that people, not just blacks, but all people, who find themselves in lowly positions in life, are probably in these lowly positions because of genetic inferiority. These conclusions have led to a revival of the social Darwinian theories of the late 19th century, have inflamed a segment of the intellectual community and have led to charges of racism being leveled against their authors. It is understandable why people deeply committed to the equality of the races are distressed to hear voices from the groves of academe claiming that blacks are mentally inferior to whites.

Such claims, if sustained by further evidence, could mean that the infamous American racial theorists of the past, such men as John C. Calhoun, George Fitzhugh and Madison Grant, were correct in maintaining that the white race is superior to the black. In our era, such notions are repugnant. Most Americans today, white and black alike, reject them out of hand. And well they might, for all our recent efforts to achieve social, political and economic equality among the races are threatened by these theories.

The great danger 'of even partial acceptance of Jensen, Herrnstein, et is that governments would be justified in spending less money on education for blacks than for whites. Black slums would be' considered inevitable. And people would no longer wonder why blacks have most of the inferior jobs. They would know that they were born to these jobs because of their color. Responding to the obvious threat to the civil rights movement presented by these modern racial theories, a "number of graduate students and faculty members" at the American Historical Association meeting offered a resolution condemning as "dangerous and unscientific the racist, sexist and anti-working class theories of genetic inferiority propagated by Richard Herrnstein, William Shockley, Arthur Jensen and H.

J. Eysenck." In another report, the National Convention Against Racism, with headquarters in Boston, enumerated, with evident satisfaction, recent sucesses in the struggle to end the teaching of genetic inferiority. On November 22 of last year, "400 students led by the Pan African Student Union seized the stage at Sacramento Community College when Prof. William Shockley tried to lecture on the genetic inferiority of black people." Another item in this same report Indicated that, because of the campaign against him, "Herrnstein now says he may have to stop teaching undergraduates if this widespread opposition continues." There is an element of humor, or at least cosmic laughter, in all these happenings. We are now playing the flip side of the Scopes trial of 1925.

Chuckles aside, however, a dilemma clearly faces the academic community. To allow Jensen and Herrnstein, and those who hold similar views, to continue publicizing their findings jeopardizes efforts to bring about true racial equality in this country. To silence these men, no matter how objectionable their teachings, is to diminish academic freedom. What is the answer? In truth, it is a hard question, with no completely happy solution possible. Few blacks could accept the charge that theirs is an innately inferior race.

Yet, in the search for truth, which the academic world generally claims as its primary objective, how can we deny the investigator his right to investigate and publish, no matter how unpalatable his findings? It's St. Swithin's Day ferred form of plunder. He is a nice man who brought a marked passion to his program for enriching the rich." Now never mind that that account of Goldwater's candidacy is preposterous, however amusing. It is even internally contradictory, since if enhancing the rich was the principal meaning of the campaign, it is hard to understand how come Goldwater got 27 million people to vote for him, unless there are a lot more rich people in America than is generally supposed. More likely, they understood themselves to be voting for a principled man who believes the government ought to get to work and do what it's supposed to do better than it's been doing (curbing crime, providing for the national defense), and get its cotton-picking hands off what is no business of government (telling your children where to go to school and why, subsidizing everything from illegitimacy to ballet).

But the myths are confortable, unlike the demagogues and the college professors, and here is how they sound when they are written into campaign platforms "Deconcentrate," says the Democratic draft platform, "shared monopolies such as auto, steel and tire industries which administer prices, create unemployment through restricted output and stifle technological Innovation." That passage precedes the usual stuff about the rich, and it is breathtaking in its effrontery, describing as it does the immunized practices of the large labor unions, protected in their monopolies by sweetheart laws not one of which has caught the critical eye of George McGovern or his mentor, John Kenneth Galbraith. It is so much easier to sit back and talk about taking it from the rich who, by the way, are defined by the working of McGovern economics, as anybody who earns $12,000 per year It is strange that, in Miami Beach, they talk about and "progressive" policies. Prof. Galbraith's discovering of redistribution as a campaign issue comes some time after the discovery of it In Athens by the hoi pollol, and the rediscovery of It at quite inexhaustible length by Beatrice and Sidney Webb. It is very very old hat, and one regrets the reactionary Influence from Prof.

Galbraith on the McGovem convention, MIAMI BEACH Scene: BBC studios at Convention Hall. The British anchor man, Robin Day, is tapping his fingers on the desk. The time is 2:58, and opposite him is an empty chair. At exactly 3 p.m. the satellite lodged high in the heavens by the mili-t a y-industrial complex is scheduled to vouchsafe one of its beams for the purpose of transmitting the thoughts of Prof.

John Kenneth Galbraith from Convention Hall to the British people. And when a satellite bestows its favors on you, you need to put plenty of nickels into the slot. 3 p.m., no Galbraith. 3:15, no Galbraith. Finally he comes in, at 3:22.

His trouble was that the security guards wouldn't let him in to the booth section of the hall, because he didn't have the proper pass. That was a little bit like denying Peter the Great access to St. Petersburg. Galbraith, as I say, is probably the principal intellectual patron of the McGovern convention. He has given his enormous prestige to popularizing the kind of populism that George McGovern has ridden in on.

Where else, except in Galbraith, can you find someone who is at once president of the American Economics Association, past president of the Americans For Democratic Action, author of the best known economic treatises since John Maynard Keynes, and principal dispenser of the kind of snake oil they have been drinking here in Miami Beach? The principal domestic enthusiasm is Redistribution. And Prof. Galbraith touches on the subject, In an article in the current Saturday Review called "The Case For George McGovern." Mr. Galbraith takes great pains to dissipate miasma that hovers droopily over all McGovern campfire meetings. It is the slogan: "McGovern is the Democratic Goldwater." Galbraith spots that as very dangerous to Democratic morale, so he proceeds to explain the principal differences between McGovern and Goldwater.

"Goldwater was urging change in favor of the few and the rich. It was Barry Gold-water's romantic thought that the poor wanted more done for the rich, less for them selves. He wanted more free dom, which generally speaking, meant freedom for the privileged to expand their pre- When the 9th Century bishop who was later to be known as St. Swithin died, he was buried as he had requested not in aristocratic or even hallowed ground but in "a vile and unworthy place" as he was a meek soul and full of penance even at the end. But a century later people who always seem to be with us those who know better dug up St.

Swithin's remains and reinterred them in a new cathedral at Winchester, which had adopted him as its patron saint. Well, it started to rain that day and it kept on for 40 days. This was. taken as an omen to everyone that the saint was not pleased about the disregard of his burial instructions. July 15 was the date he was reburied.

Ever since: St. Swithin's Day if thou dost rain For forty days it will remain St. Swithin's Day if thou be fair For forty days 'ywill rain na mair So plan your vacation accordingly. Chess by Computer It had the makings of the kind of international incident that leads to outraged feelings, incendiary anger, demonstrations in the streets, riots, broken windows and bones, Molotov cocktails and finally all-out war. But the Great Chess Checkmate didn't develop that way at all.

American Bobby Fischer overcame his reluctance to sign things and apologized in writing to Russian Boris Spassky. Dr. Max Euwe, president of the International Chess Federation, beat his breast too, officially condemned Fischer's hassling over more take at the gate and apologized for his own lack of guts. The Russians more or less shrugged it all off with a what-can-you-ex-pect-from-a-dirty-capitalist attitude. And Fischer, after all, was probably influenced by that baseball strike and the pro football player demands.

Chess may not be in the front running as the favorite American sport, participatory or spectator, but, gee, there shouldn't be any discrimination. What if a guy could only play checkers? Does that mean he isn't worthy, But what really may have brought all and sundry to the gaming table was just a little rattle in the wind. In New York a bunch of Americans were going to play the game by computer and forward suggestions on the next move to Fischer. The experts guffawed. Computers were mediocre, they sneered.

Even the Russians smiled. But just maybe a few shivers of fear went up some spines. What if computers could win? The most individualistic of all activities would have received a blow from which we might never recover.