The Minneapolis Star from Minneapolis, Minnesota • Page 15

AROUND RUSSIA AMAZING GENIUS OF INDUSTRY U.S. Changes to Policy of Armed Might TWO DEVASTATING world wars in one generation, and the prospect of a third, have brought a revolutionary change in the thinking of America and her allies, No longer do people of the free world believe that we can wait until war comes before we rearm. And no longer do we believe that there will be time for a citizen soldiery to spring to arms. America and her partners believe today that to survive, they must pre- BACKGROUND BACKGROUND vent a third world 1 war from starting. And to prevent such a war, they must have enough strength in being to deter any aggression.

This policy, this "armed road to peace," represents a plete switch in American policy since the end of World War IL. In the period immediately following the end of the war, we let our armed strength evaporate, creating a vacuum in many parts of the world into which Soviet Russia moved with ease. Recognizing, then, the peril which faced the free world, we began rearming, seeking to create a balance of power between the Soviet world and the West. It was intended that this armed strength would discourage the Kremlin from further sion; give the Western world a chance to reach lasting agreements with Russia, and give the United Nations a chance to work more effectively, The United States and its allies do not aim at matching the number of men the Soviet bloc has in uniform. The objective is to set up forces large enough to impress the Kremlin A and thereby create an equality--an equilibrium--between the two great groupings of nations the Soviet East and the West.

In this search for equilibrium, the United States relies both on arms and on the solidarity of the friendly nations that are arming with our aid. We are at present giving military aid to 17 countries, and are negotiating with other nations to bring them within the western bloc. We have persuaded governments abroad to increase the size of their armed forces and to enlarge their national defense budgets. We have set up a chain of air bases on foreign soil which form almost a complete western defense ring around the Soviet Union. To tie all this together, the United States has entered into a system of alliances which the security, of the United States formally and directly the 36 other link, tries in Latin America, the Pacific, Asia and Europe.

These counalliances were all made within the framework of the United Nations charter, which permits such regional co operation for mutual security, In the postwar period, the bolstering the economic strength in the face of the Soviet military military aid. United States concentrated on of these friendly nations. Later, threat, the accent was put on The Greek civil war, from 1945 to 1949, and the Soviet threat to Turkey, brought into the open America's new policy. These two dangers provoked the enunciation of the Truman doctrine, which committed the United States to action to prevent the engulfment of Greece and Turkey by "totalitarianism." The doctrine made it plain that American interests were opposed to Soviet interests insofar as the spread of communism in Europe was concerned. The inauguration of military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey set a precedent for subsequent military ald on a far larger scale to many other countries.

The Truman doctrine rested on the theory of containment, which called for counterpressure to "contain" Russia within Its sphere of influence. The general application of this policy of containment did not come all at once. In the years immediately after 1947 the United States expressed its foreign policy in three ways. IT CONTINUED to give military help to Greece and Turkey as enemies of Soviet communism. IT INAUGURATED the Marshall plan by which it gave economic help to non-Communist nations.

IT RELIED on the United Nations to gather international support on issues which divided it from the free world. It was the Communist coup in Czechoslovakia in early 1948, and the later aggression in Korea, which hastened progress toward the formation of regional alliances to "contain" Russia. Before the action in Czechoslovakia, however, the United States and 20 other American republics had signed the InterAmerican Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance. The alliance was formed to defend all of the western hemisphere from attack. Soon after the Soviet pattern of aggression was made clear in Czechoslovakia, the United States negotiated a military alliance with Canada and the major western European nations.

The bond of this alliance is the North Atlantic treaty. Its primary purpose is the defense of North America, Western Europe and the Mediterranean area. The treaty recognizes that an armed attack on any of the North Atlantic nations, which now include Greece and Turkey, is in effect an attack upon them all. Similar treaties have been world--all designed for mutual of American military bases on bution of American arms to clude treaties with the Philippines, Japan. A middle east command troubles between Britain and such a command.

signed in other parts of the defense, for the establishment foreign soil and for the contrithe nations involved. These inAustralia, New Zealand and has also been proposed, but Egypt prevent the formation of No attempt has been made by the western nations to match Soviet military strength, since the system of alliances was formed to counter aggression, not to start it. Russia and her satellites are reported to have 5 million men in uniform, organized into 225 divisions. These impressive figures are somewhat qualified by other factors. Russian divisions, for example, are only about half the size of American divisions.

At the same time, however, since Russian divisions have fewer "support troops," the firepower per ront-line of a Russian division may be greater than that of an American division. American divisions, on the other hand, can be committed to battle and maintained in combat for long periods through constant stream of replacements. of the Isles 30 days. A The fact remains, however, that the North Atlantic allies have only 20 divisions in being -perhaps 30 divisions if some fractional forces are lumped together. There are occasional reports of 80 divisions more or less on the NATO side, but these include "reserve" divisions of doubtful strength and ability to mobilize quickly, plus fractional divisions and "blueprint" forces.

The strategy of the western nations, as they have emphasized, is defense, not liberation. They seek a force strong enough to retain control over Western Europe if the "peace through power" policy ends in war. If war does come, they hope to hold back the Communist forces, rather than give up the West initially and then liberate it. This is the 15th background article in the Minneapolis Star's 1953-54 Program of Information on World Affairs. The program is directed by William C.

Rogers, director, Minnesota World Affairs Center, University of Minnesota. It consists of two basic parts: a quidebook of mailed to schools, and study groups, information and weekly tests in the Minneapolis Background articles appear in the Minneapolis Star Mondays, tests Thursdays and answers Saturdays, Howard Hughes--Man HOLLYWOOD, (P) Houston, Hollywood and Las Vegas are three fabulous places. And the most fabulous citizen of each may well be Howard Hughes, All unwillingly, you listen to the friends who paint him as the shy, retiring type. Yet he's always doing things that get him in the papers. What kind of man is this phantom, who sometimes acts like a throwback to the rugged individualists of another century? Is he genius? Or an over.

grown boy who toys with movie studios, and oil wells, and airplanes? Is he shrewd, ruthless, gentle all at once? Does he pinch pennies and toss away millions? Is he Holly. wood's greatest off screen lov. er? Is he, or isn't he, a super First of live articles By JAMES BACON world where normal behavior is eccentrie? Let's try to smash through that small army of high paid public relations men and exec. utives who run interference for him. No executive in the country, including the President, is harder to than Hughes via normal channels.

It's amazing how many in Hollywood, ineluding some of his high priced help, never have seen the man. Yet once you get to talk with him, he's easy going, charming and courteous. And not too hard, to find if you keep late hours, Hughes, first of all, is a me. chanical genius. It's not diffi.

cult to understand why, He is the son of a man who did almost as much as Henry Ford to roll America into the motor age. Hughes' father Invented the famous rock bit oil well drill eccentrie in the Hollywood with 166 cutting edges that HUGHES (RIGHT) AFTER ROUND THE WORLD HOP Mayor LaGuardia, Grover Whalen met him in 1938 Tour Shows State's Forests in Comeback By RANDALL HOBART Headquarters at Cass lake, infuture," of the old Pike bay CCC campsite and the experimental forest there, plantations in the Bena ranger district, the post peeling plant of the Wheeler Lumber, Bridge and Supply a logging operation east of pine, Winnibigoshish, and the Blandin Paper Co. mill at Grand Rapids. The committee also found time for "idea exchange" sessions with the Chambers of Commerce of Bemidji, Cass Lake and Grand Rapids. Minneapolis Star Staff Writer Minnesota forests are coming back strongly and today are producing more income and better living for residents of northern counties than in the "good old days." Members of the Minneapolis Chamber of Commerce natural resources committee were agreed on this point on their return from a two day "winter logging tour" of Chippewa national forest in Beltrami, Cass and Itasca counties.

Between 25 and 30 members are being found and the timber of the committee were of the is being cut without depleting in group at various Sub stages zero the forests. inspection tour. temperatures canceled ice-fishing "One of the things we in Minplans of all but the hardiest, neapolis need do is to give but did not halt hikes through more thought to how we can the snow for, first hand looks establish more wood-using inat experimental test piots and dustries in the northern logging operations. counties to process the higher in- volume of timber these areas Highlights of the tour are going to be cluded a stop at the forest the producing in Headquarters at Cass lake, infuture," he said. Spring Lake Park Picks First Mayor In its first election since it was incorporated as a village, Spring Lake Park has elected Stanley Dahlmeier, 8460 Cottagewood road, as its first mayor.

M. C. Schroeder, Charles Porter and Nels Moller were elected trustees; H. M. Roberts, clerk: L.

W. Kutscheid and Wesley Cox, constables; Mrs. Laura Brandt, treasurer; Leo Renspie, justice of the peace, and Wallace Taylor, assessor. TRAFFIC COURT Judge Tom Bergin (Under state law, all drivers' licenses automatically revoked for lave years tor are reinstated driving conviction. They can be premium only automobile through purchase of special listed below are in addition insurance.

to the Penalties provision.) general DRUNKEN DRIVING Glen J. Aamodt, 32, 207 Nineteenth avenue fined $100. Curtis E. Hansen, 22, 4300 W. One-hundred and Tenth street, 30 Myron Mace, 31, 2556 Lyndale avenue days.

30 days. Richard Kinch, 25, 1801 N7. Buchanan street. $100. Wesley A.

Bastedo, 44, 2100 Pleasant avenue, James Sullivan, 37, 1515 Marshall avenue, St. Paul, 90 days; chauffeur's license revoked 6 months. 30 J. Brewer. 51, 1828 Elliot avenue, James days; plus 30 days for driving after revocation.

Donald J. McLean, 51, 1417 First avenue $100. Lowell K. Paulson, 24, 1605 Beechwood avenue, St. Paul.

$100. George A. Shackelford, 39, 4344 Thirtyseventh avenue $100. J. Holtgren, 59, 3837 Thirty-fifth avenue 30 days.

Harry F. Danieison. 61, 1012 NE. Second street. $100.

Chester C. Gosh. 41, 2829 Ottawa avenue. St. Louis Park.

$100. Luther McDaniel, 545 N. Snelling ave nue. St. Paul, $100.

Kenneth A. Johnson, 33, 801 Twentieth avenue $100. John E. Greenwood, 23, 735 NE. Washington street, $100.

Lawrence G. Truelson, 51, 405 Logan avenue $100 Donald E. Swanson, 37. 5342 Minnehaha avenue, 30 days; plus $100 for driving contrary Alfred to term of restricted license. J.

Skalicky, 32, 1207 Irving avenue Ralph A. $100. Olson. 3684 25, Halifax avenue Robbinsdale, 30 days. James L.

Tigue, 34, 2514 Twenty-fourth avenue $100. Conrad P. Christianson, 58, St. Paul Park, $100. CARELESS DRIVING George Daly, 20, 5808 Code avenue, Edina, $100: license suspended 60 days.

Philip E. Hewitt. 30, 4254 Pelasant avenue. $100. Edward A.

Connor, 23, 3029 Twentieth avenue S. $100. George Weller, 33, 3506 Grand avenue. $100. DRIVING AFTER REVOCATION Donald Gidbols, 22, 3335 Sheridan avenue 30 days.

James W. Hickey, 25, 1400 NE Third street. 30 days. DRIVING AFTER SUSPENSION James B. Handcock, 23, 2336 W.

Lake of the Isles 30 days. or Superman? chews through flint as easily as mud. With it, drillers all over the world first were able to strike the 16,.000 feet depths that tapped unknown petroleum riches. Howard was born in Houston, Texas, but spent much of his childhood in Dallas. Serious, shy even then, his favorite toys were tools.

Before he entered high school, he had invented a practical muffler for motor. cycles, constructed his own hot rod of parts from automobile graveyards and monkeyed around with a steam automobile. He was 19 when his father died in 1923. Hughes says that the government appraised the business at $650,000. By 1949, when 75 per cent of the world's oil wells were drilled with Hughes equipment, it was worth better than 140 million.

That's the price, according New York Times, that a Street syndicate 'wall offered Hughes then. He didn't sell, for It's the fountain of income, estimated at better than three millions yearly that juices Hughes' othenterprises- such as Trans World Airlines, a Texas ery, RKO pictures, Hughes Air. craft and others. Hughes was educated at fashJonable prep schools in Boston. and Ojal, studied at California Institute of Technology, and Rice Institute.

Pilots and mechanics around early California airfields recall Hughes as a reticent, boyish flier who never laughed much. air, he was a wheels daredevil. His interest in flying and his millions to the filming in 1928 of "Hell's Angels," with air sequences which probably are the finest the screen has seen. Hughes' passion for speed led to the founding of Hughes Aircraft in 1931, so he could design and fly his ships. friends estimate he Longtime made 30,000 take-offs and has landings in every describable type of craft.

His design included the first twin boom a fighter, later known the deadly Lockheed Lightas ning, and the big Constellation. He first won international air prominence in 1935 when. advance fanfare, he with no wrested the ground speed ord from France, going 352 MPH. later he took the Two, years country for same across transcontinental record of stood 7 a and 28 minutes. It hours until late in World War II.

government ofThe Russian fered him big money for the plane but Hughes refused. A friend explains: "Howard was and still is Hollywood's most violent anti. Communist." Hughes' greatest air feat was the 1938 round world flight. He and his crew made the trip 91 hours, bettering by half in the record of the late Wiley Post. It was a typical Hughes operation, without fanfare, His scientific devotion almost killed him in 1946 on the first flight of his XF11, a highly perimental plane reputed at that time to be the fastest long range craft built.

He knew for 25 seconds ahead of time that the ship was going to but with a designer's curiousity he loosened his safety belt, inspected the plane and convinced himself that the right propellor was causing the trouble. Then he tried to pancake it on a golf course. Instead, he hit three homes and a garage. His chest and left lung crushed, skull fractured, nine ribs broken, burned, bruised, shocked, his doctor announced he had little chance to live. The next day he summoned two aids to the hospital and wanted to conduct business as usual.

A horrified doctor stationed a deputy sheriff outside his door with orders to admit no one but doctors and nurses. Hovering between life and death, Hughes asked the doctor to deliver a message to the military that the propeller caused the crash. "Tell them to study it," Hughes gasped, "I don't want this to happen to anyone else." Soon he improved enough to find fault with his hospital bed and design a new one, ordering his engineers to build it immediately. "We were amazed," said one hospital official. "If he had flown that bed out of the hospital, I wouldn't have been sur.

prised." Among his get well messages was one from President Truman. Enclosed was the congressional medal awarded Hughes five years earlier for his round-the-world flight. He never had bothered to pick it up. Next: The Flying Lumberyard. THE MINNEAPOLIS STAR MINNEAPOLIS, MONDAY, JANUARY 18, 1954 15 Airport Plan to Be Aired Anoka Field Proposed as 'Safety Valve' By JOHN NYBERG Minneapolla Star Staff Writer HOWARD HUGHES IN 1921 HOWARD Finished 9th in class of 30 Friends HUGHES TODAY find him affable Chief Justice Dell Seen as GOP Candidate By WALLACE MITCHELL Minnespolis Staff Writer Chief Justice Roger Dell of the state supreme court today was termed "a pretty good to accept a plea that he leave his post to become the GOP candidate for the United States senate.

George Etzell, Clarissa, Minnesota Republican national committeeman, made the estimate in the wake of Dr. Charles Mayo's formal refusal to run against Sen. Humphrey Dell. 56, maintained a non committal attitude as to his availability for the race, pointing out that any comment would be "Inappropriate" because of his judicial position on the high court. He has been contacted, how.

ever, by high ranking Republicans impressed by his oratorical reputation and his standing among the state lawyers. Only criticism heard of Dell's potential as a candidate is that he has never for office on a state ticket. He was appointed to the supreme court, as an associate justice 1953, and moved to chief justice with the retirement of former Chief Justice Charles Loring last July. He would have to campaign strenuously to become known to voters. Etzell said he will hold further talks with Dell later this week in an effort to convince the jurist to make the senate race.

Mayo, as he indicated earlier last week, formally withdrew his name Saturday from speculation on grounds that "it did not seem wise to break with my profession to enter the profession of politics." The Rochester surgeon, of the famed family that founded the Mayo clinic, was urged by President Eisenhower on the national level and Gov. Ander. son on the state level--as well as other Republicans- -to run for the senate. "I believe the senatorship is a full-time job," Mayo said in his statement. "This would have made it necessary for me to sever connections with my life's work.

I expressed this opinion to President Eisenhower last Monday in Washington. "But I think everyone will realize that it was difficult to say 'no' to the President of the United States." Jenner to Speak The Lincoln Republican club of St. Paul will hear Sen. Jenner Ind.) at the club's annual dinner Feb. 8.

David L. Grannis, club president, announced Jenner's acceptance. The Indiana senator is chairman of the senate subcommittee on internal security. REDS PROD LEADERS MOSCOW (P) At least a dozen ministries have been censured publicly by newspapers for lagging in housing construction, production of consumer goods and timber, factory building and in the agricultural and livestock speedup. Now Is the Time to place your Star and Tribune WANT AD to Buy Sell Hire Rent It's so easy to place your 3111, ask for "want You'll WANT AD.

Just phone, AT. find it pays to use economical Star and Tribune want ads regularly. The metropolitan airports commission, apparently having concluded there's no room for the Minnesota air national guard at Wold Chamberlain field, today was to turn its attention to Its "safety valve" airport. Due for consideration at the aviation group's bi weekly meeting was a plan that would install part of this area's milltary flying at the Anoka county airport. The proposal does not include the air defense command and the naval air station.

The commission has instructed its engineers, Toltz, King Day, to prepare cost estimates for developing the site for: (1) the Minnesota air national guard, and (2) for the air guard and the air force reserve training center. Family Left Homeless by Fire One family was left homeless and four others were forced to flee when fire struck a twostory house at 675 Fourth av. enue shortly after 9 a.m. Sunday. Firemen said the blaze was caused by an overheated chimney that ignited a first floor apartment, then spread through the walls to the second story.

Mr. and Mrs. Donald Marquis and their daughter, Lana, 11, were unable to return to their apartment after the fire, while lesser damage was experienced in the quarters of the other four families. Total damage was estimated at $2,500. A midnight fire drove residents of a duplex at 808 Mount Curve avenue into the street today.

Mrs. Carl Ranheim, owner of the duplex and occupant of the first floor, was awakened by the smell of smoke, coming from the basement. She aroused the second floor tenant, Marian Cross, and both fled. Fire was confined to the basement and first floor kitchen. Alexander Schmahl Is Dead at 95 REDWOOD FALLS, MINN.

-(P)-Alexander C. Schmahl, brother of former State Treasurer Julius Schmahl, died here Sunday. He was 95. Mr. Schwahl, who had been retired for many years, had been a tinsmith, roofer and in the hardware business.

His brother is his only survivor. Funeral services will be Wednesday afternoon in the Presbyterian church here. The air force reserve training unit, now located on property west of Thirty fourth avenue at World-Chamberlain, Is seeking 35 additional acres at the field for expansion of facilities. The air national guard with 000 in federal funds at its dis- conversion to jet operations, made a formal bid for space at Wold-Chamberlain in December. It has asked for a decision by Feb.

1. As a move to protect civil aviation at Wold-Chamberlain from further military encroachment and as a move to get the Anoka field development under way, the commission would like to see the air guard, and, if possible, the air force training center, installed at the northerly site. Developing the site for sir guard alone would cost the commission something over million dollars, to estimates of its engineers; for the air guard and reserve training center, about three million dollars. The commission now owns about 1,200 acres at the Anoka county port. One preliminary airport design contemplates parallel runways of up to 10,000 feet in length, with shorter runways between for non-military flying.

Because the plan involves air defense for the entire area, it is believed the commission will press for state participation in financing the project. STAR BEAMS It's interesting, but 1 probably not too surprising, that the husbands of the 10 bestdressed women never show up among the 10 best-dressed men. It's ironic in a way that 80 many of the world's toughest problems have to be decided in Washington, the city a little old 2-inch snow can Vaughan. Heading the expedition were Jerry Moore, president of the Minneapolis Chamber of Commerce; Floyd Arms, assistant secretary; John Pike, chairman of the natural resources committee, and Nathan Haw, staf! secretary of the committee. Joining the party at Bemidji were J.

Eldon Johnson of the Minnesota and Ontario Paper Galen Pike, supervisor of Superior national forest; Ed Lawson, director of the forestry division of the state conservation department; James Gannoway of the state forestry division, and several other mittee members. The tour was the third made into Minnesota's north country in as many winters. Previous trips took the committee to the International Falls area and Superior national forest. "The thing that impresses me about forestry development in Minnesota is the big role private enterprise is Moore pointed out. "At Cass lake the Wheeler company's post peeling tion is providing employment for more than 100 local loggers and at the same time providing market for trees thinned from overcrowded stands in the forest." State, county and federal governments, Moore said, are doing an increasingly better job of managing forest areas under their jurisdiction.

New uses of lower grades of timber TOMORROW'S WEATHER AND ROAD CONDITIONS BY U.S. WEATHER BUREAU AND DEPT. OF HIGHWAYS Warroad Icy Spots International Falls NORTH CENTRAL Crookston Pt. Cloudy Ltl. Change RED RIVER Icy Spots NORTH SHORE Bemidi Pt.

Cloudy Not So LA. Change, Cold Icy Spots Park Rapids Duluth LAKE REGION Icy Spots Cloudy Superior Pt. Lt. Change Breckenridge lev Spots Cloudy LA. Change Pt.

Cloudy MINN. Not So Cold Pt. Cioudy WIS. Lt. Change Eau Claire Twin Cities SOUTH CENTRAL Lt.

Snow Pt. Cloudy Ltl. Change SOUTHWEST LtI. Change Cloudy Mankato Winena Cold SOUTHEAST Crosse Lt. Snow Worthington Cold.