The Roswell Daily Record from Roswell, New Mexico • Page 20

EOS WE A LL EEC OR i TAGB A new petroleum region on the borders-of the Caspian sea has heen reported. New York which take weekend by state parks. One third of clubs Into neat- ja? V)I Indians of New Mexico inspection of 4.000 Vermont ha defective bandied by the Tmited States po-tai revealed 37 brakes. percent system. R.

B. GAINES GENERAL CONTRACTOR Phone TIT Estimates Furnished Roswell, New Merico GERTRUDE States in the General Federation Womens Club that have Indians were invited by the Indian Welfare divis- Note: For the sequence 01 the -sedentary cultures 01 New Mexico con suit A. V. Kidder's Introduction to Icn, -Mrs. Joseph Linden Smith chair- southwestern Archaeology, New-Hav- man, to take; part in Indian essay Ya i University Press.

Many of I contest. Mr.i,Il. Reid of thCR8 cave 4 cc only he reached by ter, won the twenty-five, dollar j. lljilw au( i that made-them all the prize with her essay "Indians of New more desirable as habitations in "Mexico." The judges wera F. AV.

Hodge of the Heye Foundation; Mii' fxurn of the American Indian, New Yori City; Herbert J. Spinden, 1 anthrcpoJogist cf the Brooklyn Museum, Brocklyn, New York and Mrs Jcseiph Linden Smith of New York Alexander P. Horwitz, M. D. Practice Limited to Disease of the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat.

203 J. P. White Building Roswell, N. M. The essay In full follows: uew and country, where, cuemias might abound.

As the population grew in numbers and strength, -ether rooms were added along the cliff When the people had become so numerous room was'neaped then were the great community houses built, some of which still stand as- to the wonderful architects and builders who reared them. Some ttose big houses were built -on the and some on top Clardy's Dairy Producers and Distributors since 1912 Pasteurized and unpasteurized milk of highest quality. Quality and Service is our motto. L'02 E. 5th St.

It is generally teMeved by anthropologist that the Indians are descended from primitvie people which! floors of canons, to the northeastern part of! the mesas, and many'of these prc- Ferins! historic villages, or rather must have housed thousands of peo- p'e. Evidently there was a aboriginal population in 'New Mexico wander Asia, and from there cross Strait to the main-land of what is North Amenc.i. Many Indian tribes have a tradition that their ders what became of that ancient people who had climax of their culture when m'any of our "Aryari; ancestors were quite un. civilized. Prom evidence or old ir- ngtiUon systems found whei'e longer-, water in dependable quantities is available, one must believe in times long gone, there was more water in New Mexico that could be counted upon.

Also, one knows that, those great ancient 'communities could not have existed unless there had been much more water than there is now. "Wlhen long periods drought came, many people must have died of hunger, many -more from epidemics 'which attack a weakened body. That too, would the fertilizing rain. Then mere was food for 'man and beast, which spelled'happiness for all. AH Southwestern Indians learn at some time what a drought can do Even now when food can be bought him.

To him ALLLIPE The animal, the tree, sky, the Vock. -Great Brotherhood, "to belongs and not er significance than fromo traders, a drought is still a I this Great Brotherhooji. veiy devastating thing. No wonder that the.rain, the rain -all clouds which come trom the east and thet whence come the rains," the waters, the lightning which is a sky serpent, and the earth serpents which guard the earth waters, the winds which carry the clouds .011 their backs, are as they deserve to be. People who lead a precarious existance can not afford to trifle with divinity.

To him everything in the world has its and is Unit'-tot function. The second cept is the Duality of' male and the female (everything haa sex), light and heat aricft ed to believe that his religion is mer people. foolishness, for no matter what else Pueu i os forefathers came from the It seesus probable that some-of the ancestors of the first New iMexico Indians came down Hie west coast of North America, turned east, and eventually arrived in New about two thousand years ago, diminished by' the ui been the time when predatory. Knowing this from hard experience, tribes, seeding food, would have kill-j thci Indians for very many genera- ed ctf many of those who-offered sistance. The comparatively recent fete cf the Pueblo of Pecos offers an example of what can and did happen to Indians -in the dim past.

In the sixteenth century Pecos was one of (he largest and strongest of the Pueblo cities but owing to war, pestilence, and drought became deserted nearly a century ago with only the crumbling walls of its once'an- cient glory left to tell its tale to'the archaeologist. I.y the time the Spaniards had to New Mexico in the sixteenth the Indians, had evolved- a and beautiful Nature religion cold, winter and siunmer'. Earth? Afother and Sky Father and so on. the Pueblo itself out this idea. It is divided into a- North half and a South half, with the plaza extending arid times with a hardly hill, or each end; i tions have been so conscious of their i tbe West World Mountl ii iap religion that it has come to be almost East World'aiountain the second nature to them.

It is aj si 'dwell the'winter Peo- pitiful Ilidian. indeed, who has learii-j ple and on the South side the Sum- In the Rip ave two Caciques, he learns, he is never quite sure Higl i es ts one for the Winter peo- it does not promote the common! ple and onb fOr the summer Peopled wealth. That is tragic, for he has The wlnter Cacique looks after all lest his reason for living, and is of-: the ceremonials connected-with every ten prone to do evil things that his, thing er taining to necessities of All winter. The dances that-fake place iii which Sun and Earth and it had so diminished by the time the first Spaniards came in 'that all the sedentary Water wen. the principal 1 thenl could have The Sun and the Earth being stable 1 dulv fathers never would have done.

day long, all year long, the goouj then those of the Hunt ing-kind, Pueblo Indian remembsTs the cus- suc as the Ueev Dancej tha BuffaJ- toms of his religion, among lo Dance and the and A rrb.v: chief expression of which are his: rjaiice. The Summer Cacique loqtes, dances, as we call them, but they' aft(n the summer dances, whlcn cnlomii vifps. are a part Indians found by them could have Mexico, i boen housed in ancient times in the -ml dependable we, Chaco Canons. properly apprec.ated, hut the land by coming directly from 1 1 north and from the The first houses of the ancestors of the Pueblo Indians were, doubtless, enlargements of the sinali wind- eroded COVES that were to be found in the of the deep canons. Benavides estimated that there were! fickle and inconstant in New Mexico in the dearly in all ear'y century, but when a.

forms. cens'us of'sorts was taken, there were only about 23,000 and after the wars with' their numbers were further decreased. One won- Lone Star Matrimonial Mutual Association 307-s White Building Roswell, New Mexico Bruce P. Conner Dentist and ever- Water was its variable Primitive people usually choose their gods for their serviceableness in times of so did the early Indians. While -the Sun, the Earth, the lloon and Water were the outstanding dieties, there a host of subordinate ones, whose qualities in some the great gods.

I dians there was which prayers ar dramatically. These ceremonial dramas are religious rites, ferwnt Ut for the' genninatiott. cf the corn, the growth, QnaMjt. the mat) ration and protection, of tU4; the; corn from enemies. The last culmination of all that the Indians i the Great Green Corn -Dance, have learned about the workings marvelously staged by the-Santo Po'- nature in all the years of their tribal existence, and they include celebrations of all the major of the individual as well as of the tribe.

way partook of Among scane Inan even, greater gotl, who was invisible, and gated the lesser to do his will. There were the Sky Father and his wife, the Earth Mother, who become productive when the Sky Father sent Business Credit Bureau Successoi-s to Merchants and Professional Men's Adjustment Bureau. P. 0. Box 782 J.

P. White Bldg. Roswell, New Mexico mingo people 'on August fourth ot- every year. The opening sumin'eT. ceremony is the Acejuia wtftn water is turned into the from throughout the are various growth ceremonies.

of the most beautiful-of which Bnsket Dance so filled ing symbolism. It is always light to see the San Ildefonso ple perform this ot' HAMBURGERS A "SPECIALTY Phone Trussell Dr. G. W. Griswold Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Office Phone 104 Second floor White Bldg.

Roswell, New Mexico" Zuni The main hotel in the Main.block on Main St. Modern, comfortable rooms, reasonable" rates. All rooms heated; Mrs. O.MUNN, Prop. Phone 504 J.R.

Foreman Contractor and Builder Cabipet work a' specialty. Tel. 590 112 W. St. of these so-called dances are known to the white man, but there are many more that are not known.

It has a pleasant surprise to scientists to learn of so many previously unknown dunces from the pictures now being painted by many ycung Indian artists in i mode pe- culiarly.their own. They are always cc.lorful and beautiful, and wonder-1 fully interesting if one knows even a i little about their are Peace dances and War how- ever, many of the so-called War i are iii reality peace dances, because they celebrate the ending of war. Most of the.peace dances are prayers offered at 'certain times derstood to be some indefinable'thing; throughout the year for food, vege-i that the Indians consider sacred ai" table and animal. The essence of; mysterious, consequently the Indian's religion is to keep his life i power derived from the gods. in- harmony with everythingg around! the dance 1 the to the forces of.

1 lie must be a part of these forces to i fulfill his destiny. The drama Bt elements must have 'heen the Pueblo culture has not bi-okcnT down, the Indians are extreroely ful that each ceremony is 1 costumed, even to the smallest tail. Everything--that 'ap' wears, in a dance 1 is symbolic certain paers, "medicine. 5 Medicine 'in- lore is not something, to. he ternally, as do white'people.

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M. Leases: Royalties A.Nicholas White Building Roswell, N. M. first attempt clud'ng th with art. i natural tofces these things became'-a pV.rt'of life.

So close did lit. sljirit rs thjt always in praycff-il i (Continued, ort next page) Wear This Shoe For The Cotton Carnival Jefferson Standard Life Insurance Co. E. A. HERRON, Agent.

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White Bldg. Roswell, N. M. The Mutual Life Insurance Ca. Of New York WILLIS FORD, District Manager First National Bank 1 Auditing Accounting R.

D. Jones Certified Public Accountant 402-4 P. White Bldg. Phone 329 Federal Tax Service Systems BasSett Johnston ACCOUNTANTS; Federal "tax Service Audits 304-6 J. P.

White Bldg. P. 0. Box 915 Phone Roswell, N. M.

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