New-York Tribune from New York, New York • Page 14

2 it while the government has been carrylac tlie Trades Disputes bill through Parliament. Disputes between the unions and employers have been considered Inopportune by the labor leaders while legislation Is Impending. With the liabilities of the trade unions for civil damages from strikes discharged by act of Parliament, there le likely to be a recurrence of labor agitation In the new year Wages are already rising in various Industries as the natural consequence of an increased demand for skilled labor. The trade unions, co long disabled and paralyzed by the Taff Vale decision, are likely to take full advantage of their restored liberties. This is a point to be carefully considered by Americans, who have been steadily increasing their investments in English Industries during the last year.

lii London, Manchester and other cities American capital Is now Invested in considerable masses In various manufactures, large forces uf English workmen being employed. One American ftr'n that took a contract for the construction of cars for one of the tube railways is now enlarging its business and plant In Manchester, filling orders for Italian, Belgian and other Continental lines and increasing its working force. The permanent success of investments of American capital in Kngllsh Industries will depend 1n large measure upon the conditions of labor under the Trades Disputes act. I. N.

F. FINANCE, TRADE ABROAD. Oontlnnefi from first page. have under consideration Russian proposals for a new loan about which wo shall probably hear a great deal in th 9 early months of 1907. As an instance of the extent of French Investments In United States securities It may be mentioned that a few days ago three small vans Trended their way from the Batot- Lazare to a bank near the boulevards laden with American railway bonds and shares, amounting: in value to $50,000,000, which had been brought to Havre by a transatlantic liner.

In tha last few months there has been an exceptional gold stringency In the Continental money markets. Nothing equal to It has bean known for many It has been principally due to three American demand upon the conversion of the Brazilian public debt and the new financial conditions prevailing In Egypt. The governor of the Banque da France was appealed to to relieve the pressure of the New York demand upon London, and agreed to do co. chipping over about five million dollars' worth of American eagles, with tha result that the tone of the money market was immediately Improved, but he clearly gave it to understood that he would do nothing to bolster up exaggerated speculation In the United States, and would refuse finance bills from America while giving all due accommodation to legitimate trade. Recognizing, moreovor, that the Brazilian conversion formed part of a national policy which It would be useless to oppose, whatever might its financial drawbacks, the governor of the Banque de Prance again relieved pressure upon London, with the result that London actually received at that period more gold than it dispatched to South America.

The Banque do France has also Ftepped into the breach In connection with the unparalleled cold demand from Egypt. The explanation of this Egyptian gold famine is curious. So great has been the prosperity of the cotton growing, industry in Egypt of Tecent years that the fellaheen, free from the former exactions of their Turkish masters, have been able to save money, and are now investing it in land. Thanks to the British occupation of the country, they know, that their contracts will bo respected and that their purchases are sure. But the Oriental Intelligence is wholly obtuse to the subtle complications of checks and banknotes.

Nothing but gold will do, and this Is one of the reasons for the great drain of gold from London to Egypt which has taken place in recent months, to the serious embarrassment of the London market. Tho Banqua de France has supplied a considerable portion of the Egyptian demand. That Paris la rapidly becoming the first banking centre in the world is also shown by the following figures: On November 29 the gold reeerve of the Banquo do Franco amounted to 2.757.00U.000 francs, or $551,400,000. as compared with 832.000,000 francs, or (166.400.000, In the Bank of England. Borne Idea of the increasing prosperity of Italy and of her excellent financial situation may be gathered from the fact that tha reserve of the Bank of Italy on November 10 amounted to 714.000.000 francs, or 5142,500.000.

So wealthy, indeed, is France that she lends money freely to Berlin banks at 2 per cent higher than that allowed by the latter In their deposit accounts, and this la being made a subject of complaint by English manufacturers, who contend that In view of the entente cordials France should not furnish Germany with the funds for competing with British trade. But the idea of establishing an international financial arrangement for the Isolation of Germany does not seam to be practicable, more especially in presence of the extraordinary development which German commerce and industry have taken on in the year, and which Is proportionately greater than that of any other European country. On the whole, the general outlook is satisfactory. In spite of the stringency of money. industries are on a Bounder financial footing than has been the case for many months past, and the Improvement in the situation is undoubtedly du In a large measure to the wise provisionary measures of the Banquo de France.

In conclusion, it is important to note that a general and popular movement of investment toward American gilt edgo securities is now noticeable in. France. has become the money lending centre of the world is found in statistics of the Paris Bourse, according to which tho of foreign tecuritles purchased In Franca for investment In the year 1900 is $841,000,000, being in excess of the year Moreover these figures do net Include probably an equal amount of foreign securities purchased directly through bankers or agents, Independently of the Paris Stock Exchange. Owing to the demands for gold from Egypt. Brazil and Argentina, In addition to that caused by the higher wages earned by French workmen, together with the enormous requirements of money during tha New Year holidays, ii seems doubtful whether the Bank of France will feel Justified In continuing to aid the monetary stringency in London and Berlin by exporting gold.

It Is noted that the gold reserve of the Bank of France has diminished since Anril 1 by $60,000,000 and its reserve by $20,000,000. I ADVANTAGES OF THE TRINITY BUILDING. Among all the downtown office buildings there is probably none that thp same advantages of situation and possesses the conveniences of the Trinity Building, at No. in Broadway. Even a century BKO, before New York became the leading commercial centre of the world and ground space was not bo limited as it is to-day In that section of the city, the on which now stands tho Trinity Building was considered the choicest in the city.

Aside from the luxurious accommodations provided tor Its tenants, the Trinity Building is of more artistic design than any office building heretofore erected. Its appearance from the south overlooking Trinity churchyard and extending through to Trinity Place is no less Imposing than In tbe front of the structure. The architect, to whom belongs the credit fi.r the artistic design and of detail Is Krancis H. Kirn ball, while the construction work was done by the George A Fuller Company. Tho United States Realty and Improvement Company is the owner of.

the Trinity Building. There is now in course of construction by the sumo company on the site just north of the Trinity Building, at No. 315 Broadway, another structure, which will known as me United Realty Building. This latter building embraces the entire square block bounded by Broadway, Cedar street. Trinity Place and Thames street- two buildings, almost facing possess exceptional advantages of light arid air.

Another advantage of no small Importance In their direct connection with the Wall rob way station. The United Stales Bealty Building and the Trinity Building arts each twenty-one stories and basement in height. The latter has on its northerly Broadway front an ornamental tower embracing stories. The facades of both buildings on the (our aides are of Indiana limestone, with theses of decoration of artistic modern Gothic leclgn. They buill upon steel caiMooi driven down to rock bottom.

An lire nt feature of both the Trinity and United Huitos Realty is their absolute proof ajaintt fire. In firs: place the structural worn 3 entirely of forced steel, -while the floor crrhes tsi pariiti'-is are of terra cntta. trim uno woodwork of thoroughly 'fin-proofed Ogaay The rare marbles ana solid bronze of the main corridors, combined their exceptional vWth, help to these office building the mosi Irrros.r.g of their kind. buildings are equipped with twenty-nine elevators of the most modern and rytctt type Other distinct conveniences arc the system. chutes, vacuum cleaning ayste.ar.

uxA hot and 'CM water. STEADY PROGRESS OF NATION TOTAL COMMERCE FOR THE YEAR WILL EXCEED FOR FIRST TIME. United States Still Retains Balance of Exports Eoecccd Imports by $600,000,000 Causes of Prosperity. The Washington, Jan. "Steady progress" appears to be the watchword of the Republican party In its guidance of the affairs of this country, and the year Just closed has proved no exception to the rule.

For ten years the commerce of the country, both domestic and foreign; has shown steady progress. In the year 1906 there was no abatement of that prosperity which has bo long blessed tha United States, and new records, not remarkably in advance of the previous year, but still sufficiently bo to Indicate substantial progress, have been made. There seems to be little doubt that the total foreign commerce of the United States, Including Imports and exports, will exceed $3,000,000,000 for tho first time in the history of the nation. Last year the grand total of foreign commerce amounted to $2,775,000,000, bo that the last year exhibits an Increase of approximately $226,000,000, while the final statistics may prove the increase to have been even larger. Nor lias this Increase been attended by any diminution of tho balance of trade, for this year the exports have exceeded the imports by $000,000,000.

This calculation la based on the statistics for tho twelve months endln with November, during which the exports amounted to $1,807,000,000 and the imports to according to the latest compilation of the bureau of statistics. Moreover, in the increase of total commerce noted, the greater increase Is In exports. The Increase of Imports over those of will doubtless somewhat exceed $100000,000, while the Increase of exports will amount to upward of $125,000,000. WITH INSULAR POSSESSIONS. Nor should It be forgotten that from tho statistics showing foreign commerce of the nation there has been deducted, within the last decade, an immense sum which is now Included under the head of trade with the non-contiguous territory of the United States.

Thl- includes, of course, all tho commerce with Porto Rico and the Philippines, which formerly went to swell the figures of the foreign trade. At present, under the head of non-contiguous territory, are classed Alaska, Porto Rico. Hawaii, the Philippines, Guam. Midway and Tutulla. The trade of the United States with these territories for the year will approximate of which sum $86,000,000 is represented by imports and $55,000,000 by exports, If these terms are permissible In referring to trade with the insular possessions of the nation.

There has been no extraordinary development of the foreign trade in any single direction, but a steady Increase of commerce In practically all directions. While the figures show some falling off In the Imports from South America, this Is due to a reduction of the amount of oof' imported from Brazil, and possibly to a somewhat lower price paid for sugar. In particularizing it of course, necessary to use ft. statistics for the first ten months of the calendar year. In one Instance there baa been a peculiar change in trade results.

The exports to Asia, composed chiefly of the purchases of Japan and China, exhibit a decrease of $43,000,000. China Imported less of American products to tho amount of $24,000,000. and Japan 519.000.000 leas than the year before. On the other hand, the Imports from Asia show an Increase of TRADE WITH THE OBIENT. Nevertheless, the exports to China and Japan for 1908 will a material Increase over 1904, and the experts are disposed to attribute th decrease from last year's figures rather to an abnormal importation In 1905 than to any radical dlmunitlon of the trade with the Orient, It Is pointed out that the hostilities in Japan and Northern China practically closed these markets to American products, especially cotton goods, for a time, and that immediately following the cessation of hostilities the Importation was abnormally large, so large that In the light of this year's trade the conclusion Is reached that the Chinese and Japanese Importers became temporarily overstocked.

Meanwhile, the figures for 1905 were swelled to a point which could not, in the natural order, be reached In the following year. It is, of course, possible that tho boycott had something to do with lowering the import of American products, and for a time the Manchurlan market has been practically closed, but it la now being ned, and there la every reason to expect that IW)7 will witness a return of the natural trade and a gratifying increase over the figures of this year. The trade with North America has bef entirely satisfactory. The imports show a slight Increase over the previous year, but than The exports have increased by over imports from South America have decreased by about $6,000,000, and exports to that division show an Increase of approximately $11,000,000. From Ocean! a the Imports have decreased about $6,000,000, with a correspond- Ing Increase of exports thereto.

Tho trade with Africa shows an increase of exports amounting to approximately $1,666,000. and the I therefrom a decrease of about $1,000,000. WITH THE UNITED KINGDOM. The commerce of the United States with the United Kingdom, shows the usual gratifying mii crease. In tho first ten months of this year the exports thereto Increased $57,000,000 and the imports therefrom were augmented by I 000, a notably satisfactory feature of the trade being the preservation of the large balance of trad') In favor of this country.

The exact figures for the ten months' trade with the United Klngi dom were, exports, $460,122,250, and the Imports 05,304. The, total exports to Europe for the ten months amounted to $070,615,050 and the Imports therefrom to $561,997,028. Commerce with Germany showed an Increase of nearly $23,000,000 exports and $18,000,000 Imports. To France the exports show an increase of and the Imports an Increase of $15,000,000. Prom the Netherlands the imponu eased by $6,000,000, and tho exports thereto Increased $25,000,000.

The large for the Netherlands are due, Ii will be remembered, to the fact that that country acts largely an Importing and exporting agfnt for many of the smaller Interior nations, which themselves of the magnificent waterfront of the Netherlands, both to market their produce and to port their neoeasities. A notable Increase in the exports i.h Canada is recorded, amount- Ing to ooo.ol to. while the Imports therefrom increased by $7,000,000. Cuban trade has fallen off. Imports show a decrease of nearly $8,000,000, due almost en- I tirely to the decrease In the price of sugar, of i which there was, measured by Quantity, an even prenter amount imported than; in the previous I year.

The exports to Cuba, however, show an increase of $2,000,000. Tho Philippines sent less 1 sugar and hemp to thin country this year than In previous- years, and" result la a decrease In Imports of over $4,000,000, while the exports to the archipelago Increased by about $1,000,000. CAUSE OF PROSPERITY. Analysis of the exports of the nation for tha year which Just ended Immediately reveals the source of that extraordinary prosperity which the country Is enjoying. The country Is making tremendous strides In its exports of raanufact- I Bred articles, is consuming larger and larger portions of its agricultural products, and even the armors axe manufacturing their own raw materials and steadily exporting greater quan- I titles oi meat and dairy products nn.l ipara! lively of the breadstuffs, wheal co-n pto The development of the agricultural noriion of I the nation constitutes remarkable tribute to the wisdom which created a national Department of Agriculture and to the ness of the work which that Department, under NEW-YORK DAILY TRIBUNE.

WEDNESDAY. JANTTARY 2, 1907. administration of Secretary Wilson, has been The doctrine which Mr. Wilson prod when, t-jn years ago, he assumed the portfolio of agriculturo tho conversion of the raw materials of the farm Into higher priced of corn into hogs and boef; of hay and fodder Into dairy products, and the conbuj of the greatest possible amount of American agricultural products by American workingmen toyed In turning cut tho highest priced manufactured goods for exports put into practice, and the results stand out with telling force in the statistics of the foreign commerce and of tho unfailing prosperity which the country continues to enjoy. EXPORTED MANUFACTURES.

For the year the value of manufactured products exported will exceed an increase of approximately $73,000,000 over last year. They will constitute about 43 per cent of the total exports, as against 550 per cent in 1908 and 22 per cent In 1886. Iron and eteel lead in the list of exported manufactures. For the tha of the year this class of exports aggregated the stupendous figures of as against 15,500,000 in the corresponding a of 905, a growth of in a year. The extraordinary development of this Industry can best be judged whan compared with earlier yeara For luatar.ee, prior to rts Iron and steel had never ex- 520,000,000 In a single year.

In they I In 1900 they i In 1905 they amounted to $148,000,000, in there is every indication that rta of tiiis class for will amount to $170,000,000. Tho export of articles which may be paid to ufactured by the fanner, fhe id di Iry products Into which be has converted his raw materials, also a remark: the first ten months of of dairy and meat, products showed £28,000,000. On tha other hand, corn amounted to only about while In some previous years they have $200,000,000, and this despite the fact le Tv imti approximately 2.881.000.000 bushels, valued at n-hlch it will be seen that of this enormous total a little under per cent was exported. EXPORTS OF BREADSTUFFS. Exports of all breadstuffs aggregated this year about $190,000,000, bh against 1 Ti-1 .000,000 In 1905, an increase of approximately but is not to bo taken as altogether an over the normal, tl.a figures for 1905 ally low.

For Instance, ontha ended with October, tha amounted to only ST.ikjO.OOO, while In thi of 1906 It amounted to $37,000,000. Moreover, in 1808 tho exportation of breadstuffa amounted to $817,000,000, and luently exceeded decline In tho exportation oistufr.s In a period when the population I nnd all ablo budlcd men inlo employment that conversion of American brawn and cad of 1 ting exported for rnnsunipgreatly promotes the i- shown by the grand i ca, Ltifytng feature of the increased most of the lnara mil consist those goods materials," goods to further manufactured by In American mills and factoid materials Imported In the crude fitato In I en months of -ease of $22,000,000, and partially to be HtlU an Increase of total I rts of of $62,000,000, us same period, of iportl lm: igs, Ingots and I tobai luxuries, nd pn i stones the showed sin which will $40,000,000 for the year. FAUX PRODUCTS SENT ABROAD. part which agrits have played In the prosperity of th' may formed from the faot led in tha inted to the tlmated to be build exported intry In single ear, when compared with th total of 1901 E24.000.000, attained In years. For of 1906 the trade hi products In Thla dit, which equalled that of nation, was mostly transferred to large purpose of envVhile Ihe tarn placed credit other countries OuO.Oll ar of I9OG, all oi her -i a in favor of thl $85,000,000.

Ta the figures h' tha ncr has ured balance of trade egating same period all other prolan ai i I Ign credit (,000 Nor rted all his aubstance, etary Wilson, tie result of careful compilation and estimates, dee, domestic anitock, Implements and machinery Into consideration, the property of tho has In en sed In value by -Jo per thi Is een us, and Is now The I nt, always a delicate barometer of the prosperity of the country, of the enormous business transeipta for tha transportation of I ar, amounted $165,000,000, increase nearly Siri.OOO.OHO over thi prevloua year. Tha reiler business amounted to of $3,000,000. as against In the prevloua yiv. making total i revenue amounting to approximately $15,500,000. Incidentally, tlm oatal sen Ice waa decn i i hv nearly $5,000,000.

A WAIL STREET SKYSCRAPER. By the middle of the month Wall Street's first real BkyHortM.fr. a twenty-five story office building, will be all Inclosed and ready for Interior finishing! it will take Its name from the Trust Company of America, which will occupy the lower part It v.ill mark the centre of the greatest financial district In the Western Hemisphere. The bull.ling will rise 337 feet above the street level, tha architecture is the exterior will be part marble and part red brick, and in conveniences it will be complete as skill can make it when a plot of land costs a substantial fortune the building on it must have commensurate value Such a View was taken In this case with the ro 11 nn a i ViM" lil lr ff now well along toward will also represent an investment running 'jre; ii a building designed be tho Street every of Itsinterests and wealth and enterprise and oT ill BOliaity, hen complete it will have a welch or about thirty thousand tons, and to have a founds! tion fit to carry this weight It was necessary to dig sixty feet under Wall Street. The foundation waa finished about the middle of October.

then the brick and work has advanced at thS juto of four stories a week. Altogether, some six hundred ra have been at work every Architecturally, the Trust Company of America Buildh will striking exception to th hat most tall buildings are ugly. II has a stylo of Its own. The first seven stories are faced with marble, and there la a blending of brick and marble above. Above the twenty-second tory tho erinr is to be Urgely marble, with lust a red brick to lend harmony to the design entrance hall la to be finished in Italian marble; with bronze mulllons and panels as will in the trust company's hanking room ami the corridor running through to the Wall Exchange Building In the rear, which will form a new thoroushfari? ba.

tween Wall street and Exchange Place. vi other floors will also be connected with' the Wai! Exchange Building. uu So far a equipment ji is concerned, the Trust ompany of America nmldlng furnishes an interestng study in the development of the skyscraper The building will hue jrs own plants to supply i m' pnwf! pumping plant alone whirl "will run high speed elevators and Ur-ep flres supplied with, water win have aon paclty of 3.000. 000 gallons a day office in the building can have Intercommunicating telephones, news and Stock Exchanya tickers, messenger cnlls and accurate electrlculiy controlled clocks. Altogether there are fourteen different subsidiary services to be placed at the disposal of tho tenanu.

-Ml tlie -walls, corridors and throughout tlie building are to be wainscoted with marble, and all tho woodwork, not rnly In the corrlrtora. but In the offices, will be mahogany. To mtko the offices more comfortable the floors will be of hardwood that will take a polish, anfl that by a chemical process haa been made non-inflammable. The Trust Company of America will occupy the basement, the ground floor and a mezzanine floor. The basement will be connected with the safe deposit vaulta In the basement of the Exchange Building.

The Trust Company's banking room on the ground floor will be one of the handsomest an well as the largest In the country- There will be twenty-three atorlea devoted to offlcs purposes. BIG TREASURY SURPLUS OVER A Year Ago a Deficit of $8,000,000 Receipts from Customs. The "Washington. Jan. The Treasury Department ended Its business for 1906 with a balance of $25,337,495.26 "to the good." At tho close of the books one year ago the records showed that public business had not gone nearly as well In the preceding year, for, instead of a large and growing surplus, the administration a deficit of $8,358,600 at the end of 1905.

The showing' for the calendar year 190 Cis therefore $33,606,104 better than that made for the calendar year 1005. Acordlng to the Treasury figures, the Customs Bureau Is credited with bringing in the largest share of the receipts. than $164.506,000 coming into the national coffers through that source. The Internal Revenue Bureau la not far behind the Customs Bureau, however, for $138,621,000 of the revenue came from the tax on liquors, tobacco and other articles that pay tribute to the government for the privilege of bring on sale within the borders of the lund. All other sources of revenue, under the caption of "miscellaneous" upon the books of Secretary Phaw'a derailment, brought in a little than $25,033,000.

On the other side of the balance sheet, the greatest eirgle expenditure has been, as in numerous former years, upon account of pensions. In the year Just ended the pension roll footed up more than tha civil and miscellaneous list, over $64,000,000: the War Department, more than $56,000,000. and the navy, in excess of $48,000,000. Of the other Important expenditures, public works cost the taxpayers a little more than the Indians, a few more than and interest on the public debt nearly $17,000,000. Treasury Department officials expect that tha fiscal year, which ends on the 80th of June next, will find the Treasury with a surplus of nearly $35,000,000.

PROSPERITY OF YEAR. from flrwt portance In new year will be. tho award of the Panama contracts, whloh are expected to involve Immense financial end labor Interests for a term of years. The government authorities are awaiting with much Interest the tenders to be made by the contractors for the hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of work, to be dona on the Isthmus in creating 1 tha new waterway, whloh will bo In its effect upon the commercial future of tho world like the opening of the Strait of Gibraltar to the restricted commerce along the shores of the Mediterranean when It was found that the Pillars of Hercules were not the boundary of the world. Since Columbus, In the effort to sail from Europe to Asia, discovered a new hemisphere no event In the conquest by man of the world -has been more fraught with tremendous consequences than will be the through of the canal which will enable the comraorco of the world to pass directly from the Atlantlo to tho Pacific without the long detour around the southern end of South America and Africa, Much was secured In commercial advantago from the opening of the Suoa Canal, by which the Orient was opened to the trade of Europe, but the Panama Canal will open tho Pacific to the trade of both Europe and the Atlantlo elope of the United States and develop the western sides of the American continent as well as Asiatic ports.

The peace of tho world has been maintained by great nations, only petty Internal disturbances occurred In a few places. Perhaps the most Important of these was tho revolution In Cuba, which was speedily brought to an end by the Intervention of United States and the abdication of trie government officials who were unable to control the uprising. The Germans In Southwest Africa have been fighting with the natives, and the. Dutch in tho Malay Archipelago have had the Achlnssa and other natives to contend with. In the Philippines there have been a few outbreaks by savage tribes, and the Yaquls of Mexico have been on the warpath.

The prospect of difficulty with tho Ute Indians In our own "West was happily unrealised. The prospects for further agreement In regard to the settlement of International differences by arbitration will doubtless be Increased by the second Hague Conference, for which preparations are being made. While are many persona hopeful that the stern arbitrament of war will not have to be resorted to in order to settle future disputes among nations, no plans for disarmament on land or sea have been adopted. Instead, the maintenance of armies at full fighting strength and the addition of new vessels to the navies of the world go forward. England having added a huge battleship to her fighting force, all the other great nations are planning liko additions, and the United States has plans for the greatest battleship yet designed.

In England the government succeeded in putting the Education bill through the House of Commons, but It was rejected by tho House of Lords, and after futile efforts to roach an agreement the measure was withdrawn to await new efforts to solve the perplexing problem. The British representative In the diplomatic corps nt "Washington will be changed by the succession to Sir Mortimer has gone home, where It is expected he will be honored with a of James Bryce, the well known author and statesman, whose "American Commonwealth," in which ex-Mayor Low wrote one chapter, is widely known in this country. The question of Church and State has reached a crisis in Franco which may have serious and far reaching results. The agreement or contract made when Bonaparte was First Consul In 1801, known as the Concordat, by which, In partial return for the Church property destroyed in tho revolution, tho State paid the salaries of the clergy, and, in consequence, exercised certain control over the Church, worked well so long as there was sympathy between and the Church. But friction ensued when the civil authority increased Its control over religious associations, and for a number of years the relations of Church and State were strained until they reached the breaking point.

in December. 1005, a separation bill was passed, to go into effect within twelve months, providing for the formation of associations of laymen to manage the Church property. But when this was to go into effect the Tope forbade the Church to agree to Its An effort was then mado to obviate the difficulty by the holding of religious meetings under the former law of 1881 )n regard to public meetings, hut this also failed to receive Papal approval. A new law was passed by the Chamber of Deputies to meet the exigency, but what working out of the problem under It will be is as yet unknown. Meanwhile the transfer of property held by the Church to State, control Is forward, and the venerable Archbishop Richard, of Paris, has been compelled to give up his home.

The midnight masses on Christmas Eve In Paris, which have long been a feature, were abandoned. There are 78.000 of the clergy in France, who regard the government as antireligious. The movement for secularization has gone so far that the. youthful priests are no longer to be relieved from the duty In the army required of other young men. The election of M.

Fallieres, a member of the French Senate, to be President In place of M. Loubet, was an event of Importance, but passed off quietly. The new Cabinet Is headed by M. Clemenceau, who has successfully carried through a number of Important measures. The end of the Dreyfus case came In his complete exoneration, restoration to his rank in the army and decoration with an order of merit.

The failure of the German Reichstag: to support tho government in voting 1 the appropriation desired for carrying forward the war against the natives of German Southwest Africa was made the cause of dissolving it and appealing to the people for the election of new representatives. Whether in the new Reichstag the Emperor and his Chancellor will have any stronger support for their measures will soon be determined, as the election and the meeting of the new body will occur early in the new year. Much discussion was caused by the publication Of the memoirs of Prince Chlodwig Hohenlohe Schillingsfuerst, which revealed many state secrets. While the condition of Russia has remained one of much unrest, the disturbances of the year were much fewer and of less importance than those which followed the close of the Ruseo-Japanese war. There were outbreaks of race and religious feeling In Bialystok.

Russia, and In Siedlee, Russian Poland, in which hundreds of persons, mostly Hebrews, were slain, but the authorities gained control of the situation and no serious results followed. No further progress has been made In the work of securing a representation of the people In the government. An effort to kilt Premier Stolypin with a bomb resulted In the deaths of twentyseven persons, but Premier escaped. The meeting of the representatives of the powers at Algeclras. Spain, to consider the situation growing out of the dispute between France and Germany over Moroccan affairs passed off happily, and despite the dangers of disagreement tho result was secured to leave to France and Spain the duty of seeing that Sultan of Morocco controlled his dominions in the Interests of peace and order.

The convention agreed upon at the conference has been ratified by the powers most directly concerned. The marriage of King Alfonso XII of Spain to the Princess Ena of Battenberg aroused great interest both in Spain and England, and was nearly turned into a tragedy by the throwing of a bomb at the royal couple, which came near to causing their deaths. As It was, some of their attendants and horses attached to their coach did not escape. King Alfonso, on whoso life several attempts have been made, displayed much coolness and presence of mind. One of most notable occurrences that marked the year was the great earthquake which devastated San Francisco.

This was the most noteworthy catastrophe that has marked the progress of American civilization. Comparable with it only are the tremendous losses duo to fire In Chicago in IS7I. which caused a loss of 190.000,000. In San Francisco the destruction was estimated at $360,000,000. The direct loss caused by the earthquake was supplemented and greatly Increased by the result- Ing fire, which swept over the greater part of the business portion and much of the residence region of the city by the Golden Gate.

But just as In the case of the Chicago fire, the people of the stricken city rose manfully to meet the situation, and tho sympathies of the entire nation were aroused and took substantial form In contributions for Immediate relief. Offers of assistance from foreign nations were declined, as It was felt that there was no need for International help. The people of San Francisco have devoted themsdvea with tireless energy to tho work of rebuilding. The disaster by earthquake In San Francisco was followed a few weeks later by an almost similar which befell Valparaiso, Chill. In which five thousand persons perished and a vast amount of property was destroyed.

In many respects the two catastrophes were alike. In both firs did more damage than the shaking of the ground, to which the outbreak of the flames, however, was due. The report that the island of Juan Fernandez, several hundreds of miles off the coast of Chill, the scene of the lonely Ufa of Alexander Selkirk, had disappeared by the shock proved unfounded. Next to the tremendous seismic disturbances which brought almost Immeasurable calamity to San Francisco and Valparaiso was the great eruption of Vesuvius. The volcano sent forth Are.

smoke, ashes and lava in immense quantities, and several villages within the danger 7.0n« were destroyed and hundreds of persons lost their lives. The spectacle viewed by the Inhabitants of Naples was awe-inspiring In the extreme, nnd that city was covered with the fine ashes were blown from the volcano, there being much terror. An example of hero- Ism was given by the observers of the phenomenon, who remained at the station established for keeping records of the outbreaks. The damage done by the wind at exposed seaports was one of the marked features of the year. A typhoon at Hong Kong destroyed hundreds of fishing and other vessels and wrought destruction to a considerable part of the town, causing the loss of thousands of lives.

By a hurricane which swept in from the Gulf of Mexico much damage was done at Mobile, Pensacola, and New Orleans. causing the lons of hundreds of lives and the destruction of millions of dollars' of property. Another hurricane did much damage in West Indies and also at Miami and Key West, Fla, By a tornado at Meridian, two hundred persons lost their lives. By extensive forest fires In Michigan no less than four towns were destroyed, a Dumber of lives lost and many millions of dollars' worth of valuable lumber was destroyed. By the collapse of a hotel in the Black Forest region In Germany fifty persons lost their lives.

By an explosion on the battleship Kearsarge seven men were slain. Among the Important railroad disasters of the year were the one at Salisbury. Cngland, when twenty-seven parsons were killed, twenty-three of them Americans who had Just landed from a steamer and were hastening to London; the killing of sixty-three persons by the fall of an electric train from a bridge at Atlantic City, due to a misplaced switch; ten persons ware killed and sixteen Injured by the wreck of a Great Northern express train at Grantham. England; tha Pacific Express on the New York Central was wrecked at New Hamburg, N. and two persons were killed and fifty injured; five persona were killed and several injured by the wreck of a train near Troy.

N. which was carrying soldiers on their way to Cuba, and in the wreck of an immigrant train in Indiana tifty persons were killed. The French submarine Lutln made a descent off the coast of Tunis, and by a derangement of the machinery was unable to rise again, and all on board were lost, In the wreck of ill steamer Valencia, off Vancouver Island more than ona hundred lives ware lost. The Italian immigrant ship Sirio was sunk with the loss of throe hundred lives. By the collision of two Hudson River steamboats a number of lives were lost.

In collision or the. steamship Kaiser Wilhelm der and the Orinoco off the coast of Francs nine persons were killed. A Belgian training ship foundered and thirty-nine persons went down with her. One of the most noteworthy developments of tha year has been in the direction of the perfection of Cylng machines, w.ile no feasible itJ, vice which will raise and sustain itself in air and which can be directed at wili an.l £45? under control, has yet been secured, Ib '2Jf obtained. by recent Inventions are held b- perts to mean that a substantial advance been secured.

Some of the leading ones far as to predict man's mastery of the'air fod the new year, an.l say that trade and travel and pleasure, and even the battles or future will be largely in the atmospheric velope of the earth. The expected effort to reach the North an airship was deferred by Walter Wellmah after extensive preparations at Spitzbergen but he professes the purpose of renewing his eror'ti the coming summer, and is confident that result will be satisfactory and successful a there are not wanting those who say that a sir cessful flight from the New York City Hall tJ Coney Island, across Lake Michigan from cago, or over the English Channel from Paris to London, would prove more In regard to science of aeronautics than the proposed from Spltzbergen to the pole, and should made before more dangerous and remote experiment is attempted. The offers of laxsra prizes for successful means of navigating the are expected to stimulate efforts to solve perplexing problems Involved. The record of the year not include success of efforts to reach the North Pole. Commander Peary, from whose third attempt much was expected, having returned from thai frozen North with only the record of reaching! the highest latitude yet secured.

Undismayed by the repetition of failure. hardy explore? expresses a determination not to give up the bH most hopeless task. and. conditions favor, will' arrange for another voyage to the ice clad ocean and a trip by dog sledges over the hummocks and treacherous leads In the fields of lee to potna toward which so many -efforts have tended. Other explorers are also essaying the successful: accomplishment of the same task, and the tlmai may soon come when the existence or ence of Hj iiimsa'a Hole will conclusively shown.

An achievement in the navigation the frozen seas of the North was in by Captain Roalf Amundsen, who. in searching: for magnetic pole's true position, succeeded In ing his way through the long sought northwest passage. Though nono of practical benefits which oncu expected to accrue from its covery will ever be. enjoyed by mankind, yet search for it had much to with the progress of exploration and discovery which led to rhe settlement of this land and the development ol this nation, which In so many respects leads the world. It was the search for the northwest passage which led Henry Hudson to this and he thought when ho sailed up the Hudson River that he was in an arm of sea which would lead to the waters washing the shores of the- land which had been described by Marco Polo as possessing the wealth of "Ormus anl of Ind." Later, in another effort to find tha same waterway.

Hudson sailed through Strait that bears his name and Into the bay which also commemorates him. It was front this that Amundsen mad" his way through ous passages In the lea into the region where he spent much time In making accurate observations about exact location of the magnetic pole, many things about which are a puzzle, and thence in bringing his ship into the Arctic Ocean, and by way of Strait to the Pacific, and back to the United States. When the results of bis observations are computed it Is expected that a considerable addition to the sum of scientific knowledge will have been secured. The ascent was successfully made of the est mountain in North America, Mount McKinley. In Alaska, which Is 20.464 feet high.

The explorer who achieved Its summit was Frederick; A. Cook, whoso previous experience had; been as an explorer In both the Arctic and Antarctic regions. This year will be remarkable by the first of: the tercentenary celebrations connected with tha, settlement of this continent, that of Jamestown. It will be followed in 1900 by the like anre of tbe settlement of Manhattan Island, in 1900 by the 300 th anniversary of the landing of tha Pilgrims on the coast of New England. The 800 th anniversary of the sailing of the threw tiny vessels, the ijusan Constant, the Godspeeds and the Discovery, which bore the adveni i emigrants on their long voyage, ending in the' James River, has already passed, but 'heir landing was several months later.

Next sprinji will see the opening, on Hampton Roads, near Norfolk, of the Jamestown Exposition, and to it will be combined with trips to the craniS.) ling: ruins which mark the island in river; named for the retgninsj sovereign, where ths! first Englishmen to make a permanent settle- 1 men: in this land established their colony. A great revival of historic interest In the settlement of -what in a comparatively space of time has become a mighty nation wQH be coincident with the celebration of this versary. In the course of the year perhaps excited more discussion than that of ia pllncatlcn of the spellins of a considerable number of words of the English language. Tha advocates of this language reform were much encouraged by support Andrews i Carnegie, who offered the financial aid require 1 to push the movement. Then President velt declared bit adherence to the movement.

and In addition to using the modified mm In, hte private correspondence directed the Public Printer to make use of them in official papers. This lasted until after the session of I Congress began, when so much opposition to simplified words developed that an agreement was reached whereby the order was rescinded and the official spelling was restored to tha old form. The developments of the year In regard to Negro question possessed considerable cance. While the record of lynchings is not IB great as in some previous years, the race riots in Atlanta In the early fall were Indicative of a deep seated feeling: which has caused much uneasiness not only in that city but In other places in the South. Much discussion has been aroused by the action of the President in dismissing from the service the members tha Negro regiment which was implicated in Ing up" the town of Brownsville, where the command was stationed.

In the course of the year much attention waj given to the development of automobiles, but no especial advances were made in reducing the weight or cheapening tlift cost of machines. of the movements which promise large results Is that for especial roads for the use of horseless vehicles, one being planned to extend for miles down Long- Island, another being: talked of between New York and Boston and a third to be constructed on the of the projected new aqueduct to lead to the Caisklll Mountain region. One of the religious occurrences of note on this side of the water was the trial off Tm- Algernon S. Crapsey. of Rochester, on charges of heresy, which resulted in his being, unfrocked and placed outside the rale of priesthood of the Protestant Episcopal Church.

The record of the deaths of the year the names of a number of prominent men. Among them are those of Carl Sohur2. RusselJ. Sage. King Christian IV of Denmark, General; William R.

Shaft Admiral Train. General Johrj- M. Schofleld. Stanford White. John A.

Ex-Justice George C. Barrett, li. Ogdei Poretj mus. Paul Dunbar, Marshall Field. A.

P. Gorman. ex-Speaker B. Henderson, Eastman Johnson, Daniel Huntlngton. 9.

P. Langiey, Bishop O. C. Jenana Joseph Wheeler. Jules Breton.

Curie. Ferdinand Brunetiere. Henrik Ibsen. Baron Kodama, Alexander J. Cassatt, Alfred Belt.

E. C. Swift anil Hermann OaMeha The lisa also Includes the names of Baroness B.ir-iett- Coutts. Miss Susan B. Anthony.

Sirs Jefferson Mrs. Pearl Mary Teresa Cralgio O'JoJ 11 Oliver and Miss Georgia It an accident on his own road Samuel president of the Southern Railway, met death. Prince Eugene Moral was killed in an bile accident at Munich, and Paul Nooquet. a sculptor, perished on the beach of Island after descending from a balloon trip. EDUCATIONAL STRTJCTTJEES.

The buildings for educational purposes Just completed or under way in the city an as noteworthy as those for any other purpose. city has for a considerable time possessed largest public school building in the world, an.i there has just been opened in the Da Witt Clinton High School, bearing 1 the name of one the noted Governors of the state, largest high school tn the land. The erection new school buildings In all parts of ism city has been necessary keep pace with steady growth of population, both from tM natural Increase and thai from tion. For higher education the erection ot. high schools and college buildings la going on apace.

The new group for the College of the City of New York at Amsterdam avenue and St. Nicholas Terrace Is one of most noteworthy. including five great buildings, costing 9Ti.OOO.OIM>. At Columbia University there are under construction two new structures, Hamilton Hail and St. Chapel.

The plans for a new stadium and athletic field on ground extending- out Into the Hudson River from Riverside Park are also under, consideration, and will involve the expenditure of about 000.000 The recent gift of the Schwab estate for New York University, on University Heights, gives that great institution much 1 creased room for Its normal growth and development, and will enable it to, ionsolitJate all Its work about the campus and concentrate tM energies devoted to training youth..