The Philadelphia Inquirer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania • Page 4

a THE PHILADELPHIA-INQUIRER. THHP.nAV MORNING. JULY 10, 1969 $ix Ilfif.v to Blttsto asic Answers Needed in Plan for 1st Moon Landing ill 't JW WITM ABM-STBOUC; AkID Aldcilj Continued from First Page neer John C. Houbolt. as al-! most ridiculed by his associates.

iHoubolt wanted to boost a two-section spaceship into lunar; orbit. Once there, the main ship would stay in orbit while small lunar ferry would the round trip to the surface of! the moon. the landing was com-! pleted and the astronauts werej ready to return, they'd lavej the ferry in lunar orbit andj return to earth in the main, spacecraft, which wouldn't have to carry the dead weight of thej Principle Aceeptat it APOLLO It SEPARATE'S FROM 3d COJt-IECT-5 WITH LUWAR MOPULE PULLS ITOUT. Apollo ii fuk bacwwakp tovmapp moow, fire eocket to -slow crafr to IU LUklAR MOPULE COLL1W-5 IM COMMAMP SERVICE MOPULE LUWAR MOPULE SEPARATE' FROM 'the moon landing would romt in 1968 if not 1967, well before President Kennedy's deadline. Tvunedu Strikes Then tragedy struck on 27.

1967. Astronauts Virgil I. Grissom, (Edward H. White 2d and Roger B. Chaffee were testing out spacecraft systems while cn the launch pad when a fatal firoT jfed by pressurized oxygen, snuffed out their lives, The program was set back by I almost two years.

It was not until Oct. 11, 1968, jthat manned flight was resumed. But it seemed that in the interim everyone had worked (hard to make up for past deficiencies and make evervthing (perfect. i The four manned Apollo shota The photos were reassuring. As the scientists working with crude telescopic photographs had predicted, the moon was pockmarked with mini-craters of all sizes but it appeared that the flat mares (seas) of the moon would pose no problem to landing.

The 10 manned Gemini shots that were to follow would be equally reassuring, though for a while doctors worried about decreases in the blood volume and bone density of astronauts on longer missions. Fortunately the phenomena leveled off and after a point did not become increasingly pronounced with the length of the mission. Russia I drew cos As the United States was gathering the basic information needed for the future moon landing, the Russians, as Dredict- FIRST MAN ON THE MOON The principle of diminishing ALpeiw BOAKP CPl Telephoto Special stamp commemorating Apollo 11 moon landing will be printed from engraved master stamp die that the astronauts will carry with them to the moon. The air mail stamp, half again larger than the usual stamp, will be released in August. most doubled the new record, lunar Ocean of Storms and re-with a two-week mission, the turned 9000 close-up photographs longest manned flight ever; showing a desolate and rock-flown by the U.

S. or anyone; strewn scene. LDWAR MOPULE WJiTM SAMPLE LUNAR SURFACE EQUIPMENT WHICH RELAV-S RATA TO EARTH AFTEI? LUMAK MOPULE TOUCUPOWW. A6TEOUA.UTS TO LAWP A6TR0WAL1T6 IWVE-5T16ATE 1UWAT? 6UCFACE, REMOVE SAMPLER EKECT EQUlfMEWT. went otf with incredible precision and without a hitch.

The Saturn 5 rocket performed beautifully. Apollo 8 orbited the moon for a close-up jed, continued to score one dramatic first after another, They put the first woman into weights was a practical one accepted by rocket engineers who were already designing multistage boosters that became lighter and lighter as the various fuel sections were drained: dry and discarded. The rocket people, including their leader Wernher von Braun.i however, preferred the idea of sending a single-stage spacecraft into earth orbit where it would get more fuel from an orbiting gas tank that would have been launched ahead. else then or since. What's more, the spacecraft; Astronaut Edward H.

White 'obligingly did not sink out of' 2d showed, as did the sight in a pile of lunar dust pos-' that man could "walk" and tulated by some scientists, work in space. Lunar Orbiter craft were Gemini 6 and 7 achieved the! equally successful in a moon-; first rendezvous in space fol-j mapping program consisting of space. They launched the first three-man spaceship and dual missions. And it was a Russian who made the first space-walk. The great rocket power at the lowed by Gemini 8, which actu- orbiting the moon and taking Ifym 7, v-vf LM A-SCEUT STA6E KEWPErvOU-S X- POCK6 WITH COMMAMP -SHIP.

ALPRIM eE-TUKU TO COMMAHP MOPULE. ASEUT -STAGE I photographs of every square mile of the surface needed for A-SOEUT 6TA6E OF LUWAJ? MODULE CAeRVIUS ASTPOMAUTS SLAST-S OFF FROM LM LAUNCH Exasperated by the persistent; and angry resistance to his plan.i Ilouboit finally bypassed the; bureaucratic hierarchy and went straight to the top of: NASA. Not only did he get a- looK and the untried lunar module worked perfectly, first in an earth-orbit test and then on Apolo 10 in a dry run to within 50,000 feet of the lunar surface. After this, ail that remained to be done was make the actual trip. NASA had tested out everything so completely, had shown the world so many photographs of the lunar surface from this angle or that, that little of the mystery remains.

It would almost seem that Apollo 11 had to do nothing more than go up there and dot the but there is a tremendous scientific and poetic difference between coming very close and actually setting foot on non-earthly terrain. FRIDAY: The Science ally docked with a nose-to-nose lock on an Agena target vehicle, an essential achievement since the lunar module or space ferry would have to dock with the orbiting lunar mother ship on the moon-landing mission. Meanwhile, in Pasadena, Jet Propulsion Laboratory scientists were getting even more detailed information with the Lu- hearing, his plan surprisingly determining the proper landing sites for the astronauts. The principles of space flight were determined and the medical questions answered by the Gemini series. Project Apollo, the three-man mission that would involve an actual lunar touchdown, had was adopted.

As the lunar-landing project: began to assume a vague shape, the NASA planners had to start; fg'K nar Orbiter and Surveyor only to test the new hardware Working against incredible before the ambitious moon-odds, the first of the Surveyor; landing goal could be achieved, shots touched down softly on the It looked quite possible that getting some answers to the myriad of questions that were being raised by the preliminary vork. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, which was responsible for unmanned lunar; IS Gfy rS3 AFTEI? JETTI-SOW MAUEUVEK COMMAWP iHlP TURW-STT)-WAKP EARTH LM ACEMT -STA6E KEMA1W-S IH PERMA WEUT LUUAR ORBIT, disposal of the Russians contin-1 ued to pay off as the U. S. had, to content itself with superior: miniaturization that enabled the country to make more significant science discoveries and build such useful things as weather and communication satellites, but such accomplishments would not capture the minds of the peoples of the world. It would be several years before Boeing and North American Rockwell engineers com-i pleted the world's mightiest rocket, the Saturn 5 with its 7.5 million pounds of thrust, 16 times more power than Gemini's Titan rocket had.

Project Gemini got under way March 23, 1965, with the launching of astronauts Virgil Grissom and John Young on a three revolution mission. Jtecord Doubled By the time Project Gemini was completed 20 months and nine missions later, the United States had increased its number of man-hours in space by 3600 percent to 1993 hours (83 days) and proved that there was no -SEEVICE MOPULE -SEPARATES FROM COMMAWP MOPULE BEFORE RE-EUTRV lUTlO EAtZTH'-S and planetary shots, was asked provide more detailed information on the lunar surface. 'Other unmanned satellites sought to determine radiation dangers. Mtfriarf of Tests EVERYTHING'S COMING UP ROSY FOR YOU FROM FABERGE Something new under the sun Faberge creates sensational long-stemmed colorings for your golden Summer glow. Lip Glaces blossom in subtle shades of Bloomin' Pink, Peach, Red and Rose.

Scores of earthbound labora APOLLO 1 1, WITH ASTROUAUT-S ALPRIKI i COLLI W-S, LIFTS OFF FOR LUNAR LAWPIkJG MISSION FROM CAPE kEWNEPV JULY fb, POWERED BV A -SATURU 5" TEC7 BV HEATHIELPJJE-EWTEK APOLLO I -SPLA-5HPOWU IU PACI FIC OCEAM, OU LY tories set to the task of determining man's ability to endure the roar and vibration of rocket engines, simulated weightlessness, the crushing gravity; forces of re-entry and a host of EARTH'S Inquirer Staff Chart Chart depicts the planning activities of the Apollo 11 astronauts from through landing on the moon and the return of the capsule to earth. obstacle to achieving a moon! I landing. i Astronauts Gordon Cooper, Complementary Nail Glaces add a smashing finish to your fingertips. Lip Glossers in soft, oh-so-deli-cate tones of Tea Rose and Rose Bud. Cheeksticks In exciting hues of Rosy Glow and Peachy Glow.

What a beautiful bunch. Lip and Cheek Sticks, 2.00 each. Nail G'ace. 1.50 each. Cosmetics, Main, Philadelphia and all John Wanamaker stores.

I I I II i ana cnanes L-onraa weiu into, space for an impressive 7 days! and 22 hours the length of ai imoon. mission without ill ef at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of one expensive sort or anoth- ful craft to follow presented the were beginning to get some an- er, a Ranger craft finally sue- lunar surface in detail 2000 swers from their initially ill- ceeded in smacking into the times better than the best of fated Ranger moon photo pro- moon, sending back 4316 photo-1 earthbound telescopes, revealing gram. i graphs before it did. 'craters a mere three-feet After a series of malfunctions1 Ranger 7 and the two success-' across. fects.

Four months after this Frank Borman and James Lovell al- other factors. Psychologists and psychia-j trists eagerly considered the po-; tential damaging effects of isolation and the fear of being cut off from mother earth. But the most urgently needed information would come from' Project Gemini, the second gene-; ration of manned space shots that was to follow the one-man Mercury series which! was already underway whenj President Kennedy set the moon-landing goal. Since the longest of the Mer-1 cury shots was for just a little; more than two days, five days; short of a lunar trip, and since; the Mercury space capsule wasj unmaneuverable. Project Mer-; i cury would provide few of thej answers needed for the moon-, landing mission.

But Project Mercury was es-j sentially encouraging. Not only did it clearly showj that man could endure the: gravity forces of both blastoff; and re-entry, it also showed thatj he could eat food, void liquids: and not go off the deep end because he was cut off from his' beloved earth. Unlike the Mercury which could only turn from right ENJOY ELIZABETH ARDEN SOAP FAVORITES AT ONCE-A-YEAR SAVINGS It's the sale Philadelphia women wait for all year. Replenish your bath and boudoir with the world's most luxurious perfumed soap now and save. Choice of three Elizabeth Arden classics: Blue Grass, Memoire Cherie and June Geranium in beautifully-sculptured, hard-milled formula cakes that last and last, for a limited time, box of 3, regularly 3.50, 2.50; box of 5, regularly 5.00, now 3.50.

Cosmetics, Main Floor; in all John Wanamaker stores. Mail or. phone LO 4-2500. to left or up and down, the Gemini craft had rockets that would enable the astronauts to actually maneuver the craft by changing the shape of the orbit. While the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston was busy preparing for the ambitious Gemini series, the scientists over Germany to Mint; Apollo 1 1 Coin KARLSRUHE, West Ger-j many, July 9 (Reuters).

The! West German federal mint will produce a special coin commemorating the moon flight of Apollo 11, it was announced here Wednesday. The coin bearing the image of German-born space expert Wernher von Braun will be on sale in gold for from 82 to 550 marks ($19 to $132) and in silver for 30 to 50 marks $7 to $12). GLOVy Cht no i iQH Largest Stock in the City GLOSCCUT! NEW OFFICE SWIVEL CHAIRS V. .1 1 INC. 980 N.

BROAD CC Mitt mm.