The Cass County Republican from Dowagiac, Michigan • Page 2

The Siege of Charleston. Qcn. GUlrnore" Letter in Reply to Beauregard. Protest. Washington, September 3.

The following is Gen. Gillniore's reply in brief, notice of which has been published in the rebel papers, to Gen. Beauregard's ootninunicatnm already printed al length "Dkpartmknt or thk Soith, H.KAlQUAKTLlfc IN TUt Fl.U), Morbis Island, S. p. Aug.

it. "Sir I have he hot edge the receipt of ur coauuui.n tion of this date, complaining that toy batteries had itciiid on the tt of Charleston and thrown a nutubei ot heavy rifle shells int' the cit, the inhabitants of which ot vouim' re asleep and unarmed. "My letter lo you, demanding the urender ot Fort burnt and Morris Island, and threatening, default thereof, to opeu tire Chai was delivered near VY auner. at 11. 15 a.

m. of the Slat itiflatil, an'd should have arrived al johr heiidqn r- ters in time to have peiiniite.l voni an wer to reach me within the lunii as Signed, uatuely, lour lo-uis. The lact lhar vmi wuru ahuuiii vulir in I quarters at the lime of its arrival may be regarded as an unfortunate circumstance for the city of Charleston, but it is one for which I cUarly am not re pousible. This letter Wore date at my headquarters, and was officially delivered by an officer ot staff. The in advertent oiauson ot my signature doubtless afford ground tor special pleading, but it is not the argument of a communder solicitous onl tor the safety of sleeping women ami children, and unarmed men.

"Your threats of retaliation for acts of mine, wich you do not allege to be in violation of the usages ot civilized -wartaie, except as regar.i the length time allow ed, are parted ilnout 1 comment. 1 ni, evei cad voui atleutioii to the tictlhd pun ciple that the commander ot a place attacked, but not invested, having his avenues ot escape open and pracllca i ble, lias no riuiil to a notice ut un in- I teu.iuu of other than that which lsgiveu by the threatening altitudc of his adveisarv. Even had not this letter been written, the eit) Vnariesiou na. nao, accorumg to jour UILM ,1,11: ,1.1 Mlltll'l, III ber danger. Duriu- that ume, mv at tack upon he, de.en.es has steadily jiiu4.iiim.

ui lui.ut; uiyvvii that attack has at no lime been doubt- i 'ii I ful. If under tiie circumstances, the life oi a single uon combat teat is ex posed to peril by the bombardment of the city, the responsibility rests ith those who have bist failed to move "vocomoatuota, to safety of the cily, aftei having held eontrol of ail Us approaches tor a period ot neatly two veais and a hall, me presence or a inreaiening lorce, filll) Willi a I I i -ftl1ittd til MIM'l'lll i Ui 11 ma upuu which un i in i i- uent miuht have been postponed FrouT various sources, official and otherwise, I am led lo believe that 11101 Messrs. Haw kins, Oglesby, Chandler, si-mers. We also give their Post-of the women and children of Charles- this Slate, Sweet, Printiss, Fai ns- Office address ten were long since removed from if at wwrth Yalea, Arnorld, Ketchun Hun-1 Stillman Richardson, Niles Stephen Oily, but, upon your assurance that the O-deby's S. Cutter, Cold water Daniel Hudson, etty 18 slid lull of them, I shall suspend Ul Ml titn.

vyieoy the bombaidmenl until 11 o'clock p. m. p' ch, the correspondent of the Chica Marshall Loins W. asqnelle, St. to-morrow, thus giving yi two iiu, Journal says: His unswerving Johns John W.

Falley, Hillsdale; from the time you ackm.w ledgw to have up Administration and its Joseph B. Hull, Lansing Enoch M. received my eammuuicatioii of the 21st 1-1- Wiimlnw stii-Hirif4rn Williim hi- mi uv iiis iiMwr ltd unit i-niiviiii-iiiir inBlow, stock oi iuue vv imam 13. last. Tery respectfull your obedient servant, A.

UlLL.UOKK. aptly illus Erastus K. Ellis, Grand Rap- federate Forces, Charleston, S. trated by scraps of pel nal experience m. A.

Jackson, Lapeer E. P. It appears the Spanish and British Ue fieid in whicn lo be Andiews, Adrian; Edward Dorsch, Conauls respectively that he was not afraid hurting Monroe Marshall L. Green, Pontine Gibmore on behalf ot the sul.jects of their countries in Charleston, and he els, car, ied the vast crowd around D. F.

Alsdorf, Corunna ayette Par-ebeerfully suspended the bombardment him, who drank of his energy, partook Bui Addison Bassett, for twenty four hours, give thein bin determination and wptjiusiasti- Centreville John W. Emery, Paw time to leave the city. Nothing was farther, he says, from bis ish than to endanger their lives and property. Letter from President Lincoln to C.eueral Graut. The following characteristic letter was some weeks ago sent to General Grant by President Lincoln "EztctTivt Massxok, I "WasMnton.

July 18, 1363. "To Major General Grant "My Dear General I do not remember that you and I ever met per onally. I write this now as a grateful ackowledgement for the almost inestimable service you have done the country. I wish to say a word further. When you first reached the vicinity of Vicksbnrg.

I thought you should do what yon finally did inarch the troops across the necK, run tne oatteiiew wnii the transports, and thus go below and i -i r-t i I never bad anv faith, excent a general hope that you knew better than thai the Yazoo Pass expedition and ihelike could succeed. When you got below, and took Port Gibs, Grand Gulf and vicinity, I thought vu should down the river and join General inks and when you turned northward, east of the Big Black, I feared it was a mis take I now ish to make a personal joU c.e Yours arery ti nlv. LINCOLN." Another Union Victory! Gen. BlunCs Little Army Whips the Rebels. Fort Gib-.

on. Indian TiteaiTOBT, Aug. 29, I Via Lew kn wokth, Sept. 5. Gen.

Blunt, with his army, foity-tive htmdred strong, including twenty pie- of artillery, crossed the Arkansas river on the 22d, and off re. I Wattle lo the rebel Generals Steele and CpT, who had niassec nia JgiWIOQ the enemy comume a retreat, which soon turned into a disorderly flight. Blunt pursue.l them a Hundred miles again Kate that Lee has re-SOUth ol the Arkansas, to Perry illej 4 which is only fifty miles from the" and that his River. At this point he captured and depleted by desertions. destroyed their commissary depot, iney tiiei.

n.gni wo SBJ the enemy in force between the Governor Andrew Johnson declared The iTaiZ TrUory i. ow H.ar of Ha.p:thH.,..,k and Raaidan The 'himself a thorough-going Emancipa-rebele. Blunt i now" marching on ll' at the stereotyped all tionist, and urged the immediate and Fort Smith, hich will doubile fajl Tlil'1 4,1 department will utiuoe thorough abolition of slavery in Tern without a struggle. for seme time, neeeee and elsewhere. THE CASS COliM'Y REPUBLICAN 11 CAMPBE1.1 Euitob A Proprietor OFFIC1A1 PAPER OF THE COUNTY.

Tanrtlay Morning, September 10, 1863. The New Policy of the ar. In IMW tVtodom to tht Slants. Ut enurt Fran- durn tv tht irtt, houorabU alikt in what vtfiv mm uhatw, rtctirt. HttkmUnolly it0rMitm may tutcttd, thir inu not aii ptitt-fj ul, (ci'trovt, jvtt.

i. th world vUlfortrtr tiff a i tvtr bUn. i 'resident l.iucoli. V- ut, Us. 1 isplmm.

JoitoU ed, mtit-t for-, i tteiiioer The President Letter. President Lincoln's leilei i nois Stale Union Mans Me tiiiL', pub limbed in ui c.lunms dn is bar avtt istMr document, le, spirit and logic lie enters somewliai nt length into the discussion of the political i eeuain qnini. uJ a sin ihnt ceilain qninltts nuil jnei i hie raided agaonli ii M1 lu.asUM Hlisweisthe il.li el I. ns i 1. 1 1 1 i "3- to the purpose.

Sn hijtfoi ardly and plainly as the President writrs, and apparent as his houest, earnest and patriotic intentions ami purposes are shown to be by the oi ding and spirit of his epistle, the same politicians whose objections he answers, will nevertheless make this the occasion for a renewal of this in-! decent and unserm.ulous crusade against him, his Administration, ami the very measures the necessity and legitimacy of which he so effectually vindicates. Earnest patriots and can- did men, however, of all parties, will uc.dei.. Mr. Lrm-oln views their lull foi ee and soundness, and will, atler reading this simple and candid exposi i nisireneial war policy hence- hu'1 V1 confidence than ever before, lo pi- lot our national ship out of the perils now b.set and threaten it. Wlu.r 1K U(1 Hid ill Xeellen, temper.

It will be very ex tensiveh cad, and its eflect upon loy al i i aim nopeiui iiearis win oe most saiuia The Springfield Mass fleeting. The Union Mass Meeting held at Soi iindiehL lib. or the 3,1 inst is said have i ers For the benefit soldiers who betMl largest political gathering have Ween disabled in the service, and ever held in that State. From are entitled to pensions, we pub- 100,000 people are estimated lo have i I lUM 11 1,1 greatest enthusiasm prevailed. Speeches were tive by lou'n- the matu of a vigorous ami lincomi.iomisin cution of cally shared his patriotism.

Mi. Chan- 5 Lewitt, Ann Arbor; die's speech is thus mentioned by A- Brown, Detroit. correspondent of the Tribune: "Sen-j ator Chandler, of Michigan, made an A Hint to Letter Writers. By uncompromising war speech sketching lapidly the history of the war from us outbreak to the present lime. The Sen- ator is an able speaker, and made a stump popular speech, in lite senti meiits of which he carried the audience with him.

He made some excellent points, and hit hard and fast for the war, with unmistakable effect." We shall publish the remarks of both these gentleman at no distant day. The reading of President Lincoln's letter to the Convention was something l(J be remefcred. it8 quiet og. le, Us forcible conclusions and charac- teristic terseness called forth tumullu ous applause, and the very ground shook hen three times three cheers were given for "Honest Old Abe." The California Election. The victory, achieved by the TJnien UUM, uf California, at the polls un Tues- it.

iisslioeattrss the complete revolu- fioil that has taken place in that State. All of our readers remember the day when Jmlgw Terry, the murderer of the lamented Brodeiick, and a kindred clasw of men, controlled that opulent State. Even now no ineoiiBiderable number id its inhabitants are secessionists, and they have spared no efforts to obtain the reins of power. Their late defeat is complete and gvneral. file State now possesses a loyal Stale Govenuin-lit loyal I AU California J)etrQtt, Tribune Advices from the army of the A cavalry recounoissance has failed to From Charleston.

The lateht news trotn onr forces hear Charleston is that everything is progressing favorably. On the lt, there was a general engagement between tho Ironclads and Forts Sumter, Wagner and Moultrie. Much damage was done to the forts. Fleet dpt. Oscar C.

Badger, successor to Capt. Rodger, luul his leg broken by a shell. It is feared amputaltion will be necessary. engaged. The land batteries were fir- ing night and dav.

The bombardtnenl i i 1 new batteries would open at the pro-! per time. 1 he ai my was in nne spirits. Gen. Gilmore wac woiking with the utmost energy, and all were confident of success. The Rebels in Wagner have niucli difficultv in (retting water and provisions, all transportation being of conrne done at night.

As the ope- on nnt side are now exclusively of mii engineering character, the people must be content to wait for the inevitable result, as they did in the case of Vieksburg, though we hope not so Latkr. Fortress Monroe, Sep- tember 8. The following are extracts from the Richmond of Sep tember 7th Charleston, Sept. 5. To-day has witnessed another furious bombard Forts Wagner and Gretfg, by the enem's fleet and batteries.

The nVb'g was begun at daylight, and was maintained steadilv until daik. A monitor is now firing on Fort Moultrie, and another assault on Battery Wagner is deemed probable tonight. Since yesterday no further attack has been made on Sumter, which has been held twenty days, against all the efforts of the enemy's great guns, by land and by sea. Of 7,551 shots which have been fired at it, 2,495 have struck outside, and 2,130 inside. The flag has been swept away fourteen times.

SECOND DISPATCH. Charleston. Sent. 6 9.30 a. m.

The tioiMbiLidinent of Ratteries Wnc- ner and Gregg has been incessant for 1 lawl hUy-two hours. 1 be noise of me rnniii'iiniic is 1 1 1 1-1 1 1 mi b. Last night the enemy landed near dimming Point in barges and assaul ted Battery Greyg. The assault was repubed. No particulars Important to Invalid Pension- Hsn the following list of Surgeons ap-j 1 1 -r-.

ipomieo. oy me rension umeer residing in ihis State, whose duty it is to make biennial examinations of invalid pen- Thomas, Ionia Ira C. Backus, Jack- lly Homer U. Hitchcock, riala a rue of the Pout Office lWprtraerit, which is justified by the letter of the jlaw, if the amount of the postage Btamp npon a letter does not fully pre- pay it, double the amount of the deficiency is charged tD the receiver. Formerly only the amount of the defi ciency was charged.

Thus a letter weighing the merest fraction over half an ounce, if pre paid with but a single stamp, is burdened with au additional postage of six cents, which the receiver must pay. The New York banks have ac cepted Secretary Chase's proposition to lend the Government thirty-five mil lions of dollars, stipulating, however, that the treasury notes run one, two and three years, and that, if they take the first fifty millions of treasury notes, the remaining thirty five millions hereafter to be issued, may be negotiated through the banks, if they choose to take them. It is doubtful if Secretary Chase will acede to these terms. We are in the way of getting into a war wilh Japan. American as well as English vessels have been filed inlo, and our vessels retaliated by opening upon certain ot their eoast tenses, capturing them, destroying a town, The news lias a very serious aspect, and it is not unlikely that Great Britain and the United States will have a war with Japan.

I3fIn a sueeeh delivered in Nashville on Saturday eveuing last, at a meeting called to rejoice over the na- tional successes before Charleston, Reported for the Republican by Prof. J. A. Ban-field. State Teachers, Institute.

The Institute held in this village, commenced on Monday, Aug. 31st, at the School House, and was opened by prayer by Rev. H. Worthington. Prof.

A. S. Welcb, of the State Normal School presiding. 10. Prof.

Wood of the State University commenced a course of lectures on Arithmetic. In this lecture he has lily diheussed, the number of figures cipi.er a ugure on.y like numbers can be added nota- i i i i tion numeration addition, giving as a definition, addition is the operation of combining several numbers in one equivalent number. 11. Prof. Welch.

Subjeot. Primary Instruction. There are two ways of giving primary instruction first, by giving nu-mfrous examples, second, by expounding principles. I propose to stick to principles may not benefit all, but if five apreoiate the discussions itwill pay. Teachers ought to understand the material in which they work and the end to be gained.

Topic for this hour, Order of Instruction. There is such a thing as a Logical Order of Mental Development, illustrated by reference to the vegetable kingdom. We are not accustomed to recognize this fact in the school room. We teach children what we ought to teach mature minds. In Arithmetic we should teach children by concrete forms.

The true Order of Instruction must be determined by the Order of Development of the Human Mind. Tw ways of doing this, 1st, by watching the mental wants of the child, pursuing this order, we discover that the child wants a knowledge of things before of names. 2d. By studying Mental Philosophy. By this method, we learn that the avenues through which all knowledge comes to the miud are the senses, and these are first in exercise and since every faculty is cultivated by its appropriate objects, the objects appropriate to the cultivation of the senses should be taught in a First Primary School.

Each Scienca has ideas presented to some of the fac- ullies some to the senses, some to the conceplive powers, The order of the faculties is, the senses, conception, judgment, analysis, imagination and reason. Children have been my best teachers. Observing them I have taken hints that jiave me jnto xhe natural methods. P. Mi 1:30 Prof.

Welch, Continuation of Primary Instruction. Commenced by asking how old ought children lo be before being sent to school. He thought on the old plan, seven years old, but with the natural method of teaching three years. He would send bis children, if they could have the right kind of a teacher, as soon as they could walk. He thought a child at nine years of age, with the propel antecedent instruction, will learn ns much in one year as he would under the old regime in the four years from five to nine.

In answer to the question, for what do we send children to school, to learn facts or to gain mental power, he answered, to gain poxcer. Mental power is the great end to be obtained in all educational processes. The first thing to be done is to cultivate the senses, not all of them, but touch, sight and hearing. Touch, however, is mostly cultivated before the child enters school at two years of age touch is more in use than at five. The sense of sight, the object of which is color that is combinations of lights and shades gives us the ideas of form and shape, and its cultivation is a very important part of the Primary Teacher's work.

A moment's reflection upon the number of ideas that afford us pleasure which are obtained by this sense will satisfy any of us of the importance of eye culture. If we sit down to study a picture and try to carry away with us distinct perceptions of it that we may reproduce it and enjoy it afterward, we shall again be satisfied that our eyes need very much cnltivation. This indicates our first work in a primary school. Attention should also be given to the cultivation of the ear. These senses come into action, grow and get ripe about as follows The sense of vision begins growth when the child opens his eyes upon the world, and gets its growth at about twelve years of age.

The ear gets its growth at the time the voice changes. The memory of thinga at fifteen. The conceptive powers at eighteen, and the power of imagination 1 the power of edification at twenty. And, since a great part of our ideas are derived from the sense of sight, and the object of vision is color, color is the first thing to be taught in a Primary School bnt color reveals form, hence the next subject in order is form, and as children soon count objects, count ing must be taught. And, too, since we have bodies, we must give physical education attention.

In regard to color, teach the Primary colors first, because children notice these first. Of these take red first; teach it synthetically by pieces of cloth, paper, also by arranging them in scales. A scale in colors is the arrangement of any coior with all its shades and tints, rrom darkest to lightest. Shades are the pure colors with a little black mixed, tints, tne pure colors with a little white mixed. 2:30.

Prof. Wood. Arithmetic. In this lecture the Professor ran hastily over Subtraction, Multiplication, under which head he showed that the product is always of the same denomination as the multiplicand and the multiplier an abstract number. Division, showing that the quotient must always be an abstract number.

3:30. Professor Welch. Subject Colors. Reviewed the last lecture, and repeated the subjects to be taught in a Primary School, viz: Color, Form, Counting, Gymnastics, Singing, and Stories. No exercises should be more than fifteen minutes in length.

Teach singing by note, not scientifically. Do not let it be too loud. Teach all the virtues by stories and not by maxims. Tuesday A. M.

Opened by prayer by Rev. E. H. Rice. 9:15.

Prof. Welcb. Subjeot English Grammar. Stated he had three topics which he wished to present, viz Connections, Classifications, and Inflections. Claimed that the highest philosophy of language is in its doctrine of connectives.

In the English language there are two ways of connecting its elements first in pairs, seoond, when a subordinate element is connected to its principal. In the course of his illustrations he brought out, synthetically, the definitions, a co ordinate connective ts one that joins elements in the same grammatical relation and a subordinate connective is one that joins an adjunct to the element it limits. In the latter class of connectives he placed prepositions. 10:15. Professor Wood.

Subject Arithmetic Discussed Duodecimals. The Greatest Common Divisor. Least Common Multiple, and excess of nines. 11:15. Prof.

Welch. Subiect Pri mary Teaching. Reviewed his past lesson on color, and continued the discussion on subjects. Believed the day was not far distant when the Natural Sciences will constitute the greater part of the course of siudy in our common schools. The obstacles to this are not in School Boards, but in ourselves we are not prepared to teach thus now.

In the next higher Primary, or Second Grade of a First Primary Department, we have for subjects of study, Color, Forms in relation to parts, Animals and Plants, Words and Sounds, Gymnastics, Singing and Moral Stories. In regard to colors we are to teach llie primary colors in their tinges, and the Secondary colors with their lints and Bhades. Defined a tinge to be any color slightly varied by mixing with it a small quantity of a primary color. Explained how the great number of colors are formed by making two tinges of each color, and making each of these a base from which scales of at least fifty-one different colors may be distinguished. 1:30.

Prof. WTood continued his lectures on Arithmetic. 2:30. Sup't. Gregory.

Subject Reading. I shall not attempt to show the importance of being a good reader. That is well known by all and it is also well known that our pupils do not become good readers. And why? not that we do not spend sufficient time in this exercise, but that we do not prescribe a true method, having iu view the true aim. We put the children into and through a course of Readers, and expect them to come out poslished with this accomplishment.

This is absurd. There is yet another evil, that of requiring children to read without ever reading to them. No excellence is ever attained in any art without having a model to work to. This habit of requiring our pupils to read without ever shewing them how to read leads to very undesirable results bad habits of many kinds. In doing any thing we want to state to ourselves the aim, the object to be attained by the work.

Now what is our aim in reading. The answer to this question I shall endeavor to develop in the following discussion. There are two English Languages, one spoken, the other written. They are both artificial, and there is no eimi- lnrltn t. .1 -j oetween mem.

One represents our ideas by characters, the other by sounds. Readigg is the translating of these characters into the souuds. There is no similarity, but only an association of one with the other, and this association is to be learned. The simplest element of language is a word, but a word is made up of parts, of characters or sounds. In reading, with which shall we commence, the word or its parts? Each method has its advocates, I give my preference to the word method because it is more philosophi cal.

First give the child an idea, then its name; and as no part of the idea is represented by any part of the word, but tbe whole by the whole word. ih whole word should be given first. In es way a written word is given that this order, General Properties, Parte, not only represents an idea but a spoken Properties of Parts, Uses of Parts, and word with which the child is familiar, Uses of Whole. and the child being familiar with the! 3:30. Sup't.

Gregory. Sabjeet sounds and the speaking of them, he Gymnastics. will very easily and naturally learn to Considered this a subject the 1m-read these words correctly. Again, portance of which is not apprehended written language only represents the -thought many hesitated about in disconnected parts, of ducing such exercises because of fear, of which the mind by its processes consti- being laughed at-thought the children tutes the thought. So readinff must in the country ought to have such not only be true seund-words rep-; resenting the ideas which are expressed by the written words, but also fully re produce the thought embodied in the i by determining to soooeea, anu Prpe word taken together and since every for it as for any other lesson.

Since thought has its accompanying feeling, children are apt to imitate, select such this feeling must also be reproduced, exercises as they can perform and their 3.30. Professor Wood. Subjeot imitativd propensities will lead them lo Arithmetic. soon learn. 4.

Sup't Gregory gave a further ex- After a song, Mr. Gregory continued planation and illustration of the three the disoussion of Reading. Thie lec-things contoined in an act of reading, ture consisted of illustrations of pinU viz: The translation of the written made in former lectures. Read "Passwords into sounds, the mental recogni-1 in Away" and "The Song of the tion of the ideas represented by the words, and the expression of the thought with its accompanying feeling. He then gave quite an extended explanation of that part of our nature known as our feelings, with an analysis of its language.

The alphabet of this language is the inflections, the downward signifying certainty, positiveness, while the upward expresses uncertainty and passivity. Wednesday, A. M. Opened by prayer by Rev. E.

H. Rice. 9:15 Professor Wood. Subject Arithmetic. 10:15 Sup't.

Gregory. What I said yesterdsy pertained to the aim of reading what is to be done. We have left for consideration at this time the methods of teaching this art. These methods have two ends or aims, viz: cultivated power and cultivated taste. Cultivated power has first to do with the organs of speech.

Power is the product of exercise. It is not sufficient to fclchildreu what you want done, but lead them to do it, to practice it, to SHU upon it. This is the only cpdition of success. These exercises must not be spasmodic but constant, and in order that they keep up an interest there must be variety. This drill must have three ends in view, viz: giving the voice power to clearly utter, 1st.

distinct elements, the simple sounds. 2d. combinations. 3d. to BO uiaione worn shall not run into another Again, cultivated power has to do with the cultivation of voice with special, reference lo flexibility and volume.

These ends can be obtained by a thorough drill in singing, aud by repeating words aud expressions for this purpose. Cultivated taste has to do with the mind. Its methods are those of the painter and sculptor. With the painter ability to mix paints and put on colors does not make an arlist there must be a power back of that, a power to perceive and hold not the combinations of colors alone but the soul, the thought of the piece. This can only be obtained by practice, by studying pictures.

So good readers cannot be made by giving them a model once or twice at ieast a third lo one-half the time of this exercise in younger classes should be spent in coucert exercises after the model given by the teacher. The teacher should read often before the class and drill the class after the model there is no other way of making good readers. But these models must be good, to make them so you must study prepare yourselves by practice until you can give them models worthy of study and imitation. 11:15. Professor Welch.

Subject-Grammar. Reviewed tho previous lecture. Wished to call attention to two or three things which make the classification that puts the preposition with secondary connectives evidently correct. First, both stand at the head of the element which it connects to its antecedent. In regard to classification, Language is not like Mathematics, it contains ele- lO On fir ovnrnoclnn.

1. v.P,oluU5 uiat cannot De 1 "fi fPl a classified. 1 hese difhculties arise from the nature of the subject. We should seek to so classify that there will be the fewest possible of those difficulties. i i io discuss the definition ot jity wil probably averego several tbou-a verb to illustrate the meaning of sand.

Tbe independent Union ticket "ffinition on which depends all classi fication. The English Language has three elements and only three, an element being a word or a group of words that perform a certain office. 1 :30 P. M. Prof.

Wood. Subject Sperodial form of the Earth. 2:30. Professor Welch. Subject rnnfi of fitndv for arH First Primnrv R-ttjL to ha l--k.

i or nis aim ai it, animals ana Plants, Words and Sounds, Gymnastics, Singing and moral Stories. Reviewed the previous lessons on colors and gave a farther explanation of the Primary and Secondary colors togeth- with their shades, tints and tinges. VT 'u form and marts. Wo should tooVi 11 1 these things systematically, observing ercises more than children in the towns. Introduce all new things as quietly as possible.

your own consent, Shirt." Some 01 tne Deauues 01 reau-ing consist in the rate and the pauses. Reading is like walking through a forest, out from the path through which there open magnificent vistas, which if we appreciate we must stop and gaze upon. Thursday, A. M. Opened by prayer by Rev.

H. Worthington. Mr. Banfield gave a few gymnastic exercises. 9:15 Prof.

Welch followed with a lecture on giving Object Lessons. Advised to give such lossons always from real objects. Then took up a course of study for a Secoud Primary Department. The subjects to be taught are Tertiary Colors. Organs of Animals, Simple Experiments in Natural Philosophy, Explained tertiary colors.

10:15. Professor Ripley. Subject Map Drawing. Having had a class in Geography given him at the Norma School, and a verv dissatisfactory experience in tho past in the study of this science he set himself to devise a new plan for teaching map-drawing, and acting npon the well known fact that we learn at least ten times as fast by the eye as by any other sense. The Professor then proceeded to explain his improved raeth- od of map-drawing, which may be described as tho outlines of a map so put into a circle that the vertical, horizontal and oblique diameters together with lines joining their extremeties forming squares which are bisected by di agonals touch the most important pujnls 5n the map to be drawn.

The facility with which maps are drawn by this plan render its introduction into our common schools very desirable. i 1:15 Prof. Welch gave a lecture on Tertiary Colors, Object Lessons in troductory to Geography, and composition. Composition should be taught from objeet lessous, begiuing in tho Primary Department. P.

M. The remainder of the day ar.d Friday were occupied by Profs. Ripley and Wood in discussions upon. Map-drawing and Arithmetic. From tbe Army of the Potomac.

New York, Sept. 7. A headquarters' dispatch of the 6lh to the Herald says Prisoners deny that Lee is re ceiving any large reinforcements, and say his army is being rapidly depleted by desertion. This is also confirmed by citizens who have come inside our lines from the vicinity of Culpepper. Passes for over 5,000 contrabands to go to Washington have been granted since our army came from Maryland.

There is scarcely a slave now to be found east of the mountains and north of the Rappahannock who is not too old for service or too worthless to enjoy freedom. On Friday a portion of Buford'a cavalry crossed the river at United States tord, and traversed the rebel country for some distance overland, and saw no rebel troops, except a few pickets, who fled when our cavary appeared in sight. It is not thought by them that the enemy have any troops, save a few cavalry pickets, between the Rappahannock and Rapidan Rivers. The sanitary condition of the army is improving rapidly with the return of cool weather." Election in California. Union Majority, 20,000.

Sak Feaxcisco, Thursday, Sept. 3, 166S. Incomplete returns from the principal counties in the States indicate immense Union majorities. Downey, the Democratic candidate for Governor, owing to his excellent rec ord while Governor in former years, 1 I uu" vi ii lo llCh.C'1 but Low's majority, notwithstanding, will hardly fall below 20,000. i A11 tlle c.ount.ies heard from elect the Union Legislative ticket.

In Francis County the Union major- nearly as many votes as the com biued regular Union and Democratio tickets. From Gen. Bui aside. Sept. 8.

Gen. Burn-side's official dispatches are of much length, detailing his advance and tbe occupation of Knoxville, and are so interwoven with information ot his contemplated movement, as render them improper ror puoncaiion. Ten- i 7allC-T rebels down to within a short distance of Chatta- nooga. it is expected ere this hat our army has destroyed the trestle work on the Virginia and East Tennessee Railroad, where it spans to rivers and valleys in that mountainous region. Wl purify, purify the blood With AyEe's Sauupatiitt.

hnmnm A- tuf Whieh A irc which pervade the system at tbu I Ipeakw i I 1 I i.