The Philadelphia Inquirer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania • Page 73

17 THE PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER, SUNDAY MORNING, AUGUST 9, 1925 COTTON MATEHIAL'USEO ary or secondary to permit tapping without bringing the ratio of the transformer below the amount required to give sufficient amplification in the re COMMENT FOR PAN AND EXPERIMENTER nearly as much as two individual secondary windings. In practice, this is obtained by winding two secondary coils exactly alike, but only half as wide as the ordinary winding used in straight transformers. The two coils are connected so as to be in series and this wire also form the centre tap required for this ceiver. IN DIANA MOON 0 If a 3 to 1 transformer were tapped in the centre in an endeavor to make a push-pull transformer, the resultant ratio would be one and one-half to one for each tube. More wire must be used.

HOW POSH-PULL AODIO RADIO MAIL BOX Vice President Explains Use of Basic Ingredient Used in Duco Finish WORK RANSFOBS WJR MAKES RADIO BOW NEXT SATURDAY New 5000-Watt Station at Pontiac, Michigan, Begins Broadcasting March 15 Differential Amplifier Often Employed to Provide Clear Music and Speech -N. -wiSince 1915 fi' i I Standard for all.Sct, Wll Do You Wall Swan! Radio Makes Rain Go Away Secretary Hoover has been asked to stop all radio transmission, because it is believed to be affecting weather conditions, particularly in the South. The writer, a citizen of Mississippi, asks if it is not possible that we are disturbing the structure of the atmosphere by means of radio transmissions. It is apparently agreed, he points out, that matter is simply electrons in its final analysis. We are sending endless streams of these particles into the upper strata for half of the day period, which may change the polarity of the earth and air.

he states. Much matter broadcast is not essential, he asserts, citing prohibition and evolution doctrines and reports. Adding that what we do need is water for at least half a crop. He believes we could dispense with the nightly screech and scratch until it could be deter-' mined whether or not we are disturbing moisture conditions. He asks that his suggestion be forwarded to the proper authorities, so that its merit may be judged.

Station WJR, of the Jewett Radio and Phonograph located at Pontiac, will make its bow to the radio audience at 8 o'clock, Eastern daylight-saving time. Saturday night. The opening programme will continue until 4 o'clock Sunday morning, partly because of the length of the features and partly to give Pacific coast fans an opportunity to listen to the concert. There will be four speeches: Edward H. Jewett will speak on behalf of the company operating the station.

Governor Alexander J. Groesbeck of Michigan will speak on behalf of the Stete; addresses will be made by a hotel manager and a newspaperman. The inaugural programme and all succeeding programmes will be broadcast from the main studios in Detroit, though the station proper is located on the site of the Jewett company's main plant at Pontiac, nearly thirty miles away. The wave length is 517 meters. The transmitting equipment at Pontiac represents the finest obtainable to Know Sir: Please answer the following questions referring to the circuit by Herbert French, published in the radio section of The Inquirer, Sunday, June 28: (1) Can a three-circuit tuner be used in that circuit? (2) "What is the capacity of the variable resistance? (3) Can I purchase coils suitable for this circuit, or must I wind them myself? I am using 17 plate condensers with which to tune the secondaries of the coils.

A. D. Rose, Philadelphia. Answer: (1) A three-circuit tuner can be used in the seven-tube radio-frequency circuit you mention. (2) Variable resistance from to 10 megohms will work satisfactorily.

(3) If you can purchase coils that will match your .00035 mfd (17 plate) variable condensers they can be used with good results. However, if you have wound your own coils previously, we suggest you do the same with this circuit. To obtain the right number of turns of wire in the inductances, to be tuned with the 17 plate condensers, should you desire to wind the coils yourself, we refer you to the article on Coil Construction, which was published in the June 28 issue. The choke coirs used in the circuit may be 250 turn honeycomb coils. Sir: I am enclosing a copy of a hookup, which 1 am using.

1 would appreciate very much an expression of your views as to the practicability of this set. Both distance reception and signal strength are not at all what they should be. I was considering changing the set into a three-circuit receiver, but my problem is whether you think it advisable to do so. (2) Will you please mention a good grid-leak. A.

C. Philadelphia. Answer: The diagram you have forwarded is that of the old single-circuit receiver. Its use is no longer recommended, since it is the worst offender among the "Bloopers," or radiating receivers. We advise changing the set to a three-circuit receiver.

However, we cannot discuss the merits of the tuners you mention. We have tried them all and the results were satisfactory. (2) The three types of grid-leaks you mention are of reliable makes. Of course, you will have to that radio tone- quality is directly, dependent upon radio tube-quality? i 0 0 ceiyer, published in the Radio Mail Box, Sunday, July 26, but the results are not what I desire. I am using a 43-pIate condenser and get good strong signals, but I am unable to tune in the low wave-length stations.

Will you please tell me how to overcome this difficulty, so I will be able to tune in stations from 200 to GOO meters, using the 43-plate condenser? Henry Knoll, Philadelphia. Answer: Your trouble is entirely due to the fact that the capacity of the variable condenser you are using is too large to tune in the low wave-length stations. Suggest you use 23-plate condensers and you will find no difficulty in reaching the lower wave stations. S. J.

Karsinger, Philadelphia: The dianfond weave coils can be used in the counterflex circuit, but sorne skill is required in winding them. The counter-former used in the antenna is wound on a form 2 inches in diameter. The secondary is wound on the form first and consists of sixty-five turns of No. 2S silk-covered wire. The primary, wound directly over the secondary consists of fifteen turns of the same size wire, tapped at the tenth turn.

A piece of insulating cloth separates the two windings, which should be in the same direction. The second counter-former is inserted between the first and, second tubes in the circuit. The secondary is wound on a form 2 inches in diameter and. consists of sixty turns of No. 28 silk-covered wire.

The primary coil, which consists of thirty turns of the same wire is wound over the secondary as described for the first counterformer. These are the correct values for variable condensers having a maximum capacity of .00025 mfd. We do not recommend the use of .0005 mfd. variable condensers with this circuit. Sir: I have a tube 32 inches long and 3 inches in diameter, also a tickler for same, 1 inches long and two inches in diameter.

How many turns of wire and whot sizes are used on the primary, secondarv and tickler, respectively? J. F. Gallagher. Answer: You do not state what capacity condenser you intend to use with this tuner. However, we will give you specifications for a tuner to use with a .0005 mfd variable condenser.

The primary and secondary should be wound with No. 22 double cotton-covered wire. The primary consists of 15 turns. The secondary is wound in the same direction as the primary and consists of 50 turns of wire. The secondary windings start about one-fourth inch away from the primary.

The tickler consists of 30 turns of No. 26 double cotton-covered wire. day. It was built, under the direction Radio receivers sare daily becoming more and more powerful. Radio frequency amplification is added to the point where the volume becomes so great that the last tube cannot handle the current as it should.

The amount of energy delivered to the second stage of audio frequency amplification, when the receiver, tuned to resonance, becomes so great as to cause the tube to choke up and introduce distortion. In order to provide clear music and speech, with satisfactory volume under these conditions, the push-pull, or differential, amplifier, often is used in the last stage of andio frequency amplification. This method uses two tubes in a parrallel arrangement with two transformers. Both sides of the alternating current wave are amplified, each tube taking one side, so that a great deal more energy can be handled by the last stage to provide for plenty of volume. A battery is used to bias the grid of each tube and very high battery voltages may be used.

In place of being forced, as in the case where a single tube is used, the resultant energy is mellow and natural when two tubes are used in the push-pull arrangement. Two special transformers are required. The input transformer has a special secondary winding of two parts, so that a secondary is provided for each The output transformer has a double primary and a single secondary winding. The happy thought strikes many experimenters that an ordinary transformer can be used for this purpose, providing the winding is tapped in the approximate centre. Such an experiment usually results in failure, for it is impossible to find the exact centre of a coil of wire.

The centre layer is not the centre of inductance, for the inner turns are shorter than the turns around the outside of the coil. Another reason for the failure of this experiment is due to the fact that the ordinary transformer does not have sufficient turns of wire on either prim- of Mr. Campbell, an engineer of many years' experience and a leader in radio for many years. The transmitter for WJR represents a power of 500 watts and is the last word in radio engineering. The building which houses it is a model for design and efficiency: there is Cotton, chemically treated, is the principal basic ingredient used in the making of Duco, the material used in finishing the bodies of Diana light straight eight and the Moon six, according to Carl Burst, vice president and works manager of the Moon Motor Car Company, builders of the Diana eight and the Moon six.

In explaining this new day method of finishing Diana and Moon bodies, Mr. Burst said: "Cotton linters, the short fibres' left on the boll after the longer fibred cotton has been removed for use in the textile industry, is the principal basic material used in making Duco. The linters are carefully and thoroughly purified by first shaking in a dusting machine called a 'devil then baths in steam, caustic soda and acid, followed by an elaborate series of washings. After drying in ovens the cotton is r.itrated by means of sulphuric and liitric acid. After nitration the acids are removed by boiling, the water being changed often, and something like 200 gallons of water being used for each pound of cotton treated.

After nitration the cotton becomes 'pyroxylin and is changed to a syrupy liquid by the addition of certain acetate solvents. To this basic material pigments and other carefully selected ingredients are added; the materials being combined in specially designed mixers. The result of the thorough mixing of these ingredients is Duco. The body finishes used iu the earliest days of the automobile industry were made from linseed oil and gums and these finishes dried by oxidation, a chemical action, while Duco dries by evaporation, leaving a hard, tough film that is waterproof, weatherproof and practically wearproof. The Duco body finish is applied in a fine mist through the use of a spray gun.

Jn this way the entire surface of the body is thoroughly covered with the finish. Due to the fact that the Duco finish does not require heat drying there is a big saving in equipment, as the ordinary body finishes must be head dried, making it necessary to equip the plant with expensive ovens. "The Duco finished Diana and Moon bodies are not affected by cold or boiling water, nor-does rain, snow, sleet or ice harm the finish of the bodies, the finish of which is very hard to scratch or dent, and is easy and cheap to keep clean. "Due to the careful selection of ingredients used by the manufacturers in making Duco the colors are non-fading if reasonable care is taken of the body, and instead of becoming dull, as do ordinary finishes, Duco actually improves in lustre with age, if given ordinary care. Rigid tests show that battery acids, gasoline, oils, grease, will not liarm a Duco-finished body, nor will slt siir or alkaline dust, which ruins that you might just as well try to get resonant, clear-i ringing tone from a cracked bell as from a radio! set equipped with inferior5 tubes? that there is a Cunning-ham Radio Tube designed for service in your none better in the world.

lhe towers supporting the antenna are. 200 feet high, made of galvanized steel. They weigh twenty-two tons. The base of each consists of forty-eight tons of concrete. There are eleven miles of No.

10 copper wire in the ground system. The antenna insulators are four feet long. An electric winch is required to raise the antenna. The. transmitter itself weighs thirteen tons.

Telephone wires thirty miles long connect the transmitter in Pontiac with the main studio in Detroit. There is obtain the proper resistance for tne "Helps on Better Reception" Station New York, has completed arrangements with Hudson Burr, B. E. to give a series of talks on "Helps For Better Reception" beginning Friday evening, August 14, at 8 o'clock and continuing for twelve consecutive Friday evenings. Mr.

Burr, an authority in the radio field, was formerly connected with the Westinghouse Electric Company. The talks will be of material benefit to owners of set-s who have been experiencing difficulty with their batteries and other parts, as several angles of the subject will be discussed. tube von desire to use. ith the stor also a studio in the station plant in Pontiac for use in emergency. The installation of WJR represents the carrying out of a conviction loner age battery type tubes, such as the (201-A.

a 2 megohm grid-leak has Home Office: 182 Second Street SAN FRANCISCO CHICAGO NEW YORK held by Mr. Jewett. He believes it to be the duty of the radio manufacturer to provide to the public the type of programmes the public desires. been found desirable. For a C-299 tube, a 3 to 5 megohm leak has been found suitable.

A variable resistance, however, often is advisable. Sir: In the radio section of The Inquirer. Sunday August 2. in answer to a question a diagram showing the use of a bell ringing transformer to light tthe filament of a two-tube amplifier from the 110-volt AC line, is published. Can the bell ringing transformer be employed for lighting the filament of a three-circuit three-tube receiver I am using? A.

C. Riverside. Answer: The 110-volt, sixty-cycle alternating current line stepped down to six volts through a bell transformer cannot be used to light the filament of the detector tube, because the AC hum MM mm Sir: I have built the Cockaday eight-tube reflex super-heterodyne and I am being troubled by local stations being on several points of the dial as high as five times. Could you offer me any solution to this The designer of this circuit in his specifications says that stations should not be received more than twice. A Fan, Philadelphia.

Answer: Receivers using the heterodyne or beat current method of reception pick up stations on two or more places on the dial. These are known as harmonics. We suggest you install a filter after the last intermediate radio-frequency transformer. Station WORD Increases Power Station WORD of the Peoples Pulpit at Batavia, 111., has been authorized to increase its power from 2000 to 5000 watts. This makes the seventh 5KW station on the air.

11 11 illfuliUXlMi and ripples cannot be eliminated, and the detector in a regenerative receiver makes this a harder problem. However, you can use the bell ringing transformer to light the filaments of the- two amplifier tubes, as suggested. We suggest you disconnect the two filament leads of the detector tube from the circuit, and with an adapter use a dry-cell tube for a detector. The battery terminals of the detector tube are then connected to dry cells of the proper voltage. With such an arrangement a separate rheostat will be required for the detector tube.

Sir: I constructed the four-tube re- ordinary body finishes, have a harmful effect on such bodies." SIGN BIG CONTRACT Sleeper to Manufacture New Sets for Music Master Walter L. Eckhardt, president of the Music Master Corporation of this city, prior to his departure for Europe re-centlv. confirmed the report that a contract" had been closed between himself, as president of his company, and Gordon Sleeper, president of the Sleeper Kadio Corporation, that would be the means of introducing to the public, through a wide field of distribution, improved factors new to radio. According to Mr. Sleeper, intensive research work in the laboratories of his company has produced a new device which has been taken over by the Philadelphia concern for its exclusive use.

The manufacturing of these receiving sets will be carried on by the Sleeper corporation. Want Clock Tender Back Sprcial to Th- Inquirer. IIARKISBURG, Aug. 8. Efforts are being made here to have restored to the Capitol maintenance force "Joe" Pyne, the veteran clock fixer of the State government, whose loan of a surplus clock to a man who had been charged with robbing the State, led to his dismissal.

Pyne is known to legislators and men in politics in many counties, and is au authority on clocks, being the man who discovered that the temperamental qualities of Capitol clocks which led to them leing slow in winter, was due to windows being left open in cold weather and causing the oil to "gum" the works. ONE OF A SERIES OF THE MOST POWERFUL ADVERTISEMENTS EVER PRINTED FOR ANY CAR other car ever offered such a guarantee road is clear, you can put your Hup-mobile Eight up to top speed and hold it there mile after mile without strain on yourself or car. Here's a car which makes a hundred miles seem like twenty a car that you'll enjoy more and more every day and every week you own it. Make its acquaintance Get behind the wheel and drive and you won't rest content till you have a Hupmobile Eight in your garage After a long day's drive in the Hup-mobile Eight, you are remarkably fresh in mind and body. There's no nerve strain in driving this Eight.

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