The Bakersfield Californian from Bakersfield, California • Page 2

F.D.R.GUIDED U.S.DURING WAR, DEPRESSION WORLD, MOURNING LEADER'S LOSS, CONFIDENT AIMS TO BE ACHIEVED DIFFERENCES END IN REGRET AT DEATH, SAYS HOOVER; CHURCHILL EXPRESSES DEEP SYMPATHY Story of Life of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt By United Press The world's and the nation's leaders mourned today the death of Franklin Delano Roosevelt but voiced confidence that his alms complete victory over the Axis and just nnd lasting pence will be achieved. Comment on the passing (if Mr. Roosevelt follows: Herbert Huowr "The nation sorrows at the passing of its President, of commerce nnd elosc friend of Mr. people all over the Country and indeed all over the world Tvill mourn with you (Mrs. Roosevelt) tonight.

He was so gallant and brave." General Charles de least the decisive successes to which he so powerfully contributed will have given him the certainty of victory before he succumbed at his whatever differences there may have iwt. He leaves to the world an un been they end In recrrets of death. dying example and an essential mes- It is fortunate that" in this great This message will be heard." crisis of war our armies and navies' of Treasury Henry Ivor" under such magnlficient leader- i gent ha u. more than any person is responsible, in my opin- are ship that "While we we shall not hesitate. mourn Mr.

Roosevelt's death, we shall march forward." Prime Minister Winston Churchill. In a message to Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt "I send my most profound sympathy in your grievous loss. It is also the loss of the British nation and the cause of freedom in every land." Stalin Comment Premier Josef "The government of the Soviet Union expresses Its sincere sympathy to the American people in their great loss and their conviction that the policy of friendship between the great powers who have shouldered the main burden of war against a common enemy will continue to develop in the future." Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek "I am convinced the American people and Roosevelt's successor will finish his uncompleted task." Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York "In building boldly for the future peace of the world, even as the war progressed, Franklin Roosevelt made his final and perhaps his greatest contribution all people of good will, with equal determination, will do their part In bridging to final success the work of the United Nations in establishing the foundation for a just and lasting peace." James P.

Byrnes, director of the Office of War Mobilization "I am sure that the sacrifice of his life will prove an inspiration to the Statesmen of all nations to bring about the fulfillment of his dream that the mothers of this world should never again be called upon to offer up their sons as sacrifices to the god of war." People Mourn Harry Hopkins, former secretary ion, for the successful conduct of this terrible war against the aggressor nations." Secretary of Interior Harold L. Ickes "President Roosevelt has died for us." Senator Arthur H. Vamlenborg an outstanding critic of Mr. Roosevelt's domestic "A successful peace must he his monument." Madame Chiang Kai-shek, wife of the president of tired body is now at rest but his never- failing love for suffering humanity and his invincable courage to fight for right in crises for the man in the street will live so long as the world survives." Prime Minister W. L.

MacKenzle King of was an un- daunlcd champion of the rights of free men and a mighty leader of the forces of freedom in a world at war." Called Greatest American United States Ambassador to Great Britain John G. greatest American of our age is dead. I hope every citizen of the United States will stand by his post." Former Secretary of Navy Josephus greatest leader has fallen on the eve of victory. I pray that his countrymen and comrades on every continent will consecrate themselves to the completion of his well-matured and unfinished task." Premier Per Albin Hansson of is a terrible tragedy for mankind." Methodist Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam, president of the Federal Council of the Church of Christ in world is now ready, if It follows on in his spirit and wisdom, to possess the promised land of the Four Freedoms." By Amioclatcd Press Birth Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the first President of the United States to he elected for four terms, was iorn January 30, 18R2, at Hyde Park, s.

the son of James and Sara Delano) Roosevelt. He was a direct escendant, eighth generation, 'of Jlacs Martenszan Rosenvelt or toosevclt who left Holland In 1649. Cl.ies' son, Nicholas, was the genitor of hoth Theodore Roosevelt wenty-sixlh President, and Frank- the thirty-second President. The President's mother was the a lighter of Warren Delano, banker nd Far East trader. She became nines Roosevelt's second wife at he age of 26.

The President's father, lawyer and financier, was a ourth cousin of Theodore Koose- elt. Royhnod Schooling His boyhood was sheltered. He ad private tutors and privileges liat only wealthy parents could pro- Ide. Ills schooling followed the fam- traditon, preparing for college Groton, a private school in Massa- Truman Takes Over Reins as World Mourns Roosevelt Continued From Lafayette Park, across from the White House Square, far into the night. NEW PRESIDENT CALLS WAR LEADER CONFERENCE WASHINGTON, 13.

Truman called the nation's top military chiefs into conference on the war situation today as he took up the reins of government. The While House announced a presidential conference for 11 a. with Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy, the late President Roosevelt's military adviser; Fleet Admiral Ernest J. King, chief of the navy; General of the Army George C.

Marshall, army chief of staff; Secretary of War Stimson, Secretary of the Navy Forrestal. The new President thus put into mmediate effect the statement he made shortly after he was sworn In ast night that one of his prime asks would be to prosecute the war vigorously on all fronts. The White House said no other callers had been scheduled officially yet and the assumption was that the new chief would devote the major portion of his day to familiarizing TRUMAN WILL ATTEND RITES NEW CHIEF WILL TRAVEL TO HYDE PARK SUNDAY WASHINGTON, April 13. White House Secretary Jonathan Daniels said today that President Truman would attend the funeral of the late President Roosevelt in Hyde Park, N. Sunday.

For this trip, se said, it will be "impossible" to maintain wartime security regulations covering Presidential movements. Daniels said he did not know whether Mrs. Truman would accompany the President to Hyde Park. The body of President Roosevelt will "at no time" He in state, Daniels said. He added that no photographs be permitted of the funeral services in the east room of the White House tomorrow afternoon.

Daniels repeated Mrs. Roosevelt's that no flowers be sent to the White House. He said Brigadier-General Elliott Roosevelt was expected here.in time for the funeral, but that there was eome doubt whether Marine Colonel James Roosevelt, en route from the Pacific, would arrive in time. He said Harry Hopkins, confidential adviser to Mr. Roosevelt, would come here from the Mayo Clinic at Rochester, to attend the White House funeral services.

Hop kins plans to return immediately to Rochester, Daniels said. Stettinius Confirms Parley toJBe Held Big Four Representatives Informed of Decision WASHINGTON, April 13. Secretary of State Edward R. Stet tinluH, today called in Big Four representatives to confirm to them President decision thai the San Francisco conference wil be held as scheduled April 25. summons came as the British cabinet went in to-emergency to consider the effects President Roosevelt's death upon world eecurity plane.

Stettinius was expected to express Officially to the Big Four rcpresenta tjvep President Truman's intention Bail Francisco structure erected, as planned, as that the be memorial to Franklin D. Roone ilmself with military conditions all over the world. As one of his first official acts, 'resident Truman was putting the inishing touches to a proclamation calling for a national day of mourn- ng in tribute to the memory of his predecessor, FranUHn Delano Roosevelt, who died at Warm Springs, yesterday. Funeral services for the late President will be held in the White House room tomorrow with burial in family plot at Hyde Park, N. Sunday morning.

As Truman began his first full day in the office to which ho as ended from the vice-presidency, he sumoned Hugh Fulton, New YorV and Washington lawyer, to work with him in the executive offices. Fulton, former counsel for the Senate war investigating committee of which President Truman once was chairman, has been mentlbned for the attorney-generalship if changes are made in the cabinet. President Truman arrived at the White House at 9 a. eastern war time, today, to begin his first full day as the nation's chief executive. Solemn groups which had gathered near his residence and In the vicinity of the executive mansion watched him as he made the trip from his apartment at 4701 Connecticut avenue.

There were no cheers, only waves of greetings. Truman went to the White House accompanied by Lieutenant-Colonel A. E. Holland of the Offire of Intel- American Affairs, an old friend, ant Ernest B. Vaccaro, a member ol the Associated Press Senate stafl who covered Truman's transconti nental campaign trip for the vice presidency.

The President left his apartment house by a rear door, but even there a few people had gathered to see him. He spent most of the 15-minute trip to the Pennsylvania avenue mansion chatting over the over whelming problems that he faces. The White House announced meanwhile, that President Truman would not oflcially see the press un til Monday. Pacific Fleet Will Honon Late Chief GUAM, AprU 13. officer and men of the United States Pacific Fleet will pay a wartime tribute their late commander-in-chief.

Memorial services will be held on all ships and stations, where wa conditions permit, on the of th President's funeral. will fly at half-mast for 30 Brigadier-General Elliott Roosevelt husetts, where he later was to send lis own sons, -then Harvard, where ie took B. degree in 1904. A hree-year law course at Columbia ollowed. Marriage He saw much of the White House 7 years before he became its resident.

In 1905 he was in and out of he executive mansion paying court a distant cousin, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, favorite niece of Theodore Roosevelt, then president, and or- daughter of the president's mother, Elliot, and Anna Hall Roose- elt. They were married March 17, 1905, with the Republican president giv- ng the bride away. To this union of the two Roosevelt families were born one daughter, Anna Eleanor Mrs. Curtis Dall, later Mrs. John Joettlger), and four sons, James, Elliot, Franklin, and Lawyer Two years after his marriage, he to practice law.

He first was employed by Carter, Ledyard and Milburn, appearing occasionally In he "people's courts" of New York 2ity for three years. In 1910, when he was elected to New York State Senate, he lelped organize another law firm, Mervin, Hooker Roosevelt. This mrtnership lasted until 1913 when ie became assistant secretary of the navy. He entered a third law part nershlp, with Basil O'Connor of New York, in 1924, and left, it when elected to the White House in 1932. Early Political Career At 28 he was elected to his first political office, the first Democratic senator to go to Albany from Duch ess county, in 30 years.

He advanced in party councils and was named a delegate to the ional convention at Baltimore that nominated AVoodrow Wilson. The atter's victory over Taft, Republi can, and Theodore Roosevelt, "Bull looser," brought a reward in his )ointment as assistant secretary of navy. In 1918 Roosevelt served for sev- zone as liaison with the American oral months in the European war naval forces. Striikeu The Roosevelt family maintained three homes besides their Hudson alley estate at Hyde Park. One.

of these was at Campobello, New Brunswick. The others were a town louse in New York City and a cot tage atop Pine mountain. Warm Springs, Ga. It was to Campobello that he went after the 1920 campaign. While there he was stricken with Infantile paralysis in 1921.

Years of struggle against the disease affected his legs lie finally was able to get around on braces and with the added aid of a companion to steady him. He went to Warm Springs for un der-water massage treatments. He liked the place so much that he helped organize it as a national foun. dation for after-treatment of myelitis. During his White House tenure, he permitted his birthday to be usec for celebrations throughout the coun try to raise funds for research and after-treatment of the malady.

Govemor It was at Warm Springs that he received a telephone call in 1928 from Governor Alfred E. Smith of New York him to run for governor. Roosevelt pleaded his healtli would not permit, but finally con sented. He won by only 25,000 plurality, while Smith lost the state to Hoover by 103,000. Two years later he was re-elected by 750,000 Al Smith, unsuccessful Demo cratic presidential candidate in 1928 believing he was entitled to an other presidential effort, anriounced his own candidacy late in the 193: pre-conventlon campaign.

John Garner, then speaker, had the back ing of the big California and Texas delegations. Roosevelt won on the fourth ballot. The Roosevelt-Garner ticket won the election by 472 electoral votes to 59 for Hoover nnd Curtis. Hobbies As a boy of 11 he took up sailing and navigating. It remained hi chief hobby throughout life.

Hardly a week end went by that he did noi take the presidential yacht Potomac out on the river and Chesapeake bay for a cruise with friends With his sons he would sail his owi chartered schooners in New Englam and Nova Scotia waters. He traveled thousands of miles on warships, fishing, health-seeking, on peace missions to the south, inspect ing the nation's far-flung defense outposts. Stamp and collecting were other hobbies. His homes and kVhite House office also were dotted ivith scores of ship models, another ollecting Roosevelt He always took an active Interest church, educational and public el fa re work. He was senior warden of St.

fames Episcopal Church at Hyde 'ark nnd chairman of a national inmmlttee that raised funds to com- ileto the Cathedral of St. John the Divine In New York. Jlo served as an overseer of Harard University, a trustee of Vassar College, St. Stephen's College, Cornell University, the Woodrow Wilon Foundation, and Seamen's Insti- ute. He was president of the Boy Scouts Foundation of New York for 0 years, a thirty-second degree Mason and member of many organizations.

The tradition-shattering presiden- ial career of Mr. Roosevelt spanned urbulent. years of peace in which he worked to lift the nation out of a depression and tumultuous years )f war when he played a dominant ole in charting an Allied victory. But he became the first President history to be elected to a third by a smashing nd then won a fourth. An International Statesman Mr.

Roosevelt hud attained a sub- international stature in the when he was concerned pri- narily with applying revolutionary emedies to an economic blight oo(od in World War I. Ami after the flames of a second global conflict were kindled, he be- ame the pivotal statesman of more han 30 United Nations which pooled heir might to smash a German- talian-Japanese Axis. Kings and queens, presidents and irlrne ministers, traveled to the White House to consult him. The military strategy of nations representing 75 per cent of the surface and 60 per cent of ts strategy that sent American fighting men, American var weapons, American food and American dollars to combat the mapped at conferences which he took a leading part. He drew up with United Nations colleagues, as the war progressed, jlueprlnts for' peace designed to avoid the hasty mistakes of the Versailles treaty.

International conferences on a scale never before seen in history iclped the President to formulate ils war plans. Says He Preferred to Retire In 1940, the chief executive told he Democratic national convention he was accepting renpmlnatlon for a third term only because of a 'storm" raging ip Europe. He was overwhelmingly over Wen- 000,000 persons unemployed, prices were depressed to new low levels, foreign trade shrunken and the na- ional banking system in an ex- remely nervous condition as the re- ult of widespread bank failures. A startling, unsuccessful presiden- ial attempt was made to reorganize he United States Supreme Court so to pump "new blood" into a trib- nal which had ruled unconditional ome of Mr. Roosevelt's pet meas- ires including the NRA and AAA.

Hits "Economic Despotism" This attempt split the party wide pen. Opponents of the plan said it vas an effort to "pack" the tribunal make it see the chief executive's Viiy. The third and fourth term bids rought from the opposition such ries as "indispensable man," "one- lan government," and "dictator- hip." But such terms were not to Mr. Roosevelt. He had heard mutterlngs and then oud roars of "dictatorship" when ie proposed reorganizing the Su- ircrne Court and the executive ranch of the government.

Colonel James Roosevelt dell L. Willkie, the Republican didate. Four later, Mr. Roosevelt said his preference was to retire to the family estate at Hyde Park, N. where he was born January 30, 1882.

But, he said, "Reluctantly, as a good soldier I will accept and serve In this office, if I am so ordered by the commander-in-chiel of us sovereign people of the United States. And again he was returned to the presidency. President Roosevelt long since had broken all presidential travel rec ords, and war did not deter him from pushing the mileage up around 300,000. Momentous Decisions Time after time, he or Mr. Church ill dared the dangers of Atlantic crossings for epochal conferences which shifted the Allies from the de tensive to the 'offensive and cbanget the course of combat around the world.

Standing out In sharp relief, In the light of events the next summer were their meetings at Cairo and Tehran, Iran, at the close of 1943 In a series of parleys, they talked with Premier Joseph Stalin of RUB sia, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek of China and President Ismet Inonu of neutral Turkey. Actipn Follows Conferences By mid-1944, the full significance of the Cairo-Tehran meetings had become apparent. In fulfillment of the commitments the Invasion of France got under way from the west and south, Russia pounded hard on the eastern fron and by fall Allied arms were on Ger man soil. Victory in Europe was In sight. And in the Pacific, Allied forces won successes in Burma, flushed thi Japanese from one island stronghoU after another, dealt serious blows to the enemy's and sent bombers winging with increasing frequency over the heart of Nippon.

War was far from Mr. thoughts on that March 4, 1933 when he declared In his first inaug ural address that the only thlnj America need fear was "fear "New Deal" Is Born Of aristocratic lineage, a scion wealth, he came to power in the midst of a strangling depression, pro. claiming that there must be a "new deal" for the "forgotten man." Thus his administration got tt name. And the New Deal stuck even in later years when-th President -wanted to substitute th slogan: "Win the war." When Mr. Roosevelt went into th presidency at the age of 61, th United had an estimated II, Lieutenant-Commander Franklin.

D. Roosevelt, Jr. And he had heard charges of "warmongering" long before his second erm was up. His utterances and actions in the field of international affairs evoked protests that he wan compromising the nation. Acts Against Aggressors Unquestionably Mr.

Roosevelt had caught a glimpse of war on the hori- As early as 1937, in a Chicago speech, he demanded the "quaran- of "aggressor nations." He repeatedly advised America to for any emergency. He urged repal of a "Heutrality" law hat banned shipment of arms to nations. He said opponents of this step were "gambling" that here would be no second world war. One of his first acts was to proclaim a national banking holiday closed every financial deposl ory In the country for 10 days while readjustments were made. He sum moned Congress into special session to implement by law a national re- overy program that shattered precedents.

One hundred days later tually his every request had been granted and he held powers never entrusted to a President in leacetime. Controversial Steps Many of the steps he took were disputed at the time and later, on economic, social, moral and constlta Ional grounds. Some were fully contested in the but stood the test of time. The National Industrial Recovery Administration (NRA) was set up Congress in response to the President's request for "machinery to obtain wider re-employment, shorten the working week, pay decent wages for the shorter week and prevent unfair competition and over-production." The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) was designed to help farmers through jcrop control measures. Laws were passed to insure bank deposits and to provide government aid for homeowners fac ing mortgage foreclosures.

The Constitution was amended to repeal national prohibition. Social security benefits were provided by legislation. A wage-hour law was enacted for labor. A "good neighbor" policy was established for the western hemisphere. Congress Stiffens 'Alphabet agencies" were created in profusion.

Such letter combinations as NRA, RFC, AAA; CCC TVA, WPA, PWA. HOLC. FHA and many others became familiar household terms. In January, 1939, the President called for "measures short of war' to defeat aggressors. He declarec In his third-term campaign the nexl year that America's objective was to fend off aggressors from the western hemisphere.

To fathers am mothers he gave a solemn, repeatec was hurled back at him "your boys are not going to be sent into foreign wars." Europe went to war in September 1939, and Mr. Roosevelt watched the Axis run roughshod over country after country. The President took realistic steps. "Arsenal of Democracy" He and his congressional porters remodeled the neutrality act to allow "cash-and-carry" pur chase of arms by step favoring the Allies, since German; couldn't get through the British blockade. After the Nazis swarmed through Holland and Belgium in 1940, Mr Roosevelt set up a billion dollar emergency arms program and a Na tional Defense Advisory Commission which evolved later into the War Production Board.

He laid down the principle, tha the preservation of Britain and tin British navy were necessary to American safety, and in September 1940, traded 50 old destroyers to Britain for naval and air base! sites in the western Atlantic. nex month, selective service became: law A new army, was drafted. Naval and air programs ac celerated, industry put on a wartime basis; and America became the senal of democracy." Japan's Treachery In March. 1941, the dollar, sign was wiped from munitions the Allies in multi-billion lenii-lease program'. And, on May 27, 1941, a few 'months after his third term began, the chief executive, declared an "unlimited national emergency." The Onited had watched un easily the victorious sweep of Japa nese arms through the Pacific and had attempted to check it by persuasion.

But sudenly Japan, borrowing a echnique of surprise and treachery rom her Axis partners, struck Pearl Harbor with planes and submarines jn that fateful Sunday, December the very moment when emissaries in Washington deceit- ully talked peace with Secretary of State Cordell Hull. The attack left uany United States warships sunk seriously damaged and caused nore than 3000 casualties. It was a day. Mr. Roosevelt de- lared, live in infamy." The "Survival War" President Roosevelt called World IVar II the "survival war." In message the day after he Pearl Harbor attack, he said apan had struck a "dastardly" low while still at peace with this jation, and added, matter how ong it may take us to overcome this iretneditated invasion, the American ieople in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory." Germany and Italy declared, war the United States the morning of December 11, and Congress, at the resident's request, adopted a war esolution the same day after the hief executive had said in a message: 'The forces endeavoring to enslave he entire world now are moving oward this hemisphere.

Never be- ore has there been a greater dial- enge.to life, liberty and civilization. "Delay invites great danger. Rapid and united effort by all of the peo- of the world who are determined remain free will Insure a world 'ictory of the forces of justice and if. righteousness over the forces of lavagery and of barbarism." Four Freedoms In the midst of all his prepara- ions for emergency, the President had proclaimed to Congress his anted "four of ipeech and religion, freedom from want and fundamental to perpetual harmony among nations. In parti those concepts formed the of that doctrine of peace aims, he "Atlantic Charter," drafted by he President and Prime Minister Churchill in their first meeting.

In August, 1941, Mr. Roosevelt set off on a "fishing" cruise and Mr. hurchill disappeared from London. They met aboard warships anchored off the Newfoundland coast. One meeting was held aboard the British battleship Prince of Wales, later sunk by Japanese bombers in the southwest Pacific.

Other meetings were aboard the American cruiser Augusta. From their deliberations came the charter, later subscribed to by all the United Nations, which spoke out for: i Friendship With Churchill No territorial aggrandizement; no territorial changes opposed by peoples concerned; the right of all peoples to choose their own form of gov- loil. Not since the days of Abraham Lincoln, who did not have to leave he District of Columbia, had a pres- dent been In a combat zone. For 10 days the President and Prime Minister had their beads to- rether. Then they called in war orrespondents to tell them they had lecreed "unconditional surrender" or the axis and had reached "complete agreement" on war plans for 943.

Situation Is Bright Premier Stalin had been Invited to he conference but couldn't make it. Jut he and Generalissimo Chiang vai-shek were advised of the decision calling for the mopping up of esistance in Tunisia and the conquest of Sicily. outlook for the United Nations was bright, because of Anglo-Amer- can success in North Africa and a momentous Russian victory at Sta- ingrad, when May of 1943 found Mr. hurchill back in Washington. In the Pacific, Allied arms had brought the Japanese juggernaut to halt.

Plans for hurtling into reverse bulked large on the agenda of the Roosevelt-Churchill talks that spring. So the Allied leaders brought to their conferences the top military, naval and air commanders of British and American forces in India and China. Pacific War Mapped An official statement said, however, that "complete agreement" had been attained "on future operations all theaters of the war." The Pacific come in for a large share of attention at still another war conference in Quebec three months later. Lord Louis Mount- batten, who had led Britain's famed ommandos, was appointed Allied supreme commander in southeast Asia. After the Quebec meeting, Mr.

Roosevelt became the first American chief executive to visit Canada's capital, Ottawa, where he spoke to an informal assembly of the dominion parliament. Mr. Churchill took a short vacation in Canada, then went to Washington. Navy Lieutenant John Roosevelt ernment; equal access by all states to world trade and raw materials; full international collaboration, economically and socially; a peace assuring all nations safety within their borders and freedom from want and fear; freedom of the seas; disarmament of aggressors and a permanent system of "general security." A fortnight after the United States entered the conflict, Mr. Churchill put in a dramatic, unheralded appearance in Washington.

Outlines Huge Program He found the American chief ex ecutive still turning out in bewilder ing profusion the proclamations and executive orders which shifted the nation from peace to war. Thirty days after Pearl Harbor, Congress gasped when the chief ex ecutive proposed a two-year tion of 185,000 planes, 120,000 tanks, 55,000 anti-aircraft guns and 18,000,000 tons of shipping. Production goals, mammoth at the time, subsequently were expanded again and again, war costs mounted into the hundreds of billions, and the Allies achieved a crushing su perlority of arms over their foes. But when Mr. Churchill arrived In Washington on that bleak December in 19il, the prospects of the Allies were grim indeed.

Allies' Fortune! Improve For 24 days, he and the President with the assistance of their, ranking military adviser's, tolled to chart the initial course for their, two coun tries in overcoming a powerful foe. They roughed out plans for an Invasion of North Africa in November 1942. They set up joint Anglo American strategy and supply boards. And, on New Year's Day 1942, they promulgated a "Declara tion, by the United Nations," in which each signatory subscribed to the principles of the Atlantic Char ter, pledged the use of' its full resources against the axis and prom ised to shun a separate peace. Against a backdrop of Allied re verses on fronts around the world a second Roosevelt-Churchill meet ing in Washington took place in June, 1942.

Russia, reeling from a midyear Nazi offensive, had, been clamoring for a second front to siphon Nazi soldiers from Soviet battlegrounds. Plan African Invasion The President and Prime Minister completed plans and logistics for the invasion or North Africa, which Russia insisted was no second front at all. But it marked a deflnlt turning point in A'nglo-Amerlcan for tunes of war, tor the AlMes swep the enemy off, the African continent and from Sicily, and finally, in Italy carried warfare to Europe itself. By January, 1943. the enemy had been cleaned out of Africa suffi ciently for Mr.

Roosevelt to fly. to Casablanca, Morocco, for another get-together with Mr. Churchill, this time in a glistening villa. It was an epochal trip. For the first time during a war, an American chief executive had gone to foreign Anna Roosevelt Boettlger Last big trip taken by the President, and one which probably hastened his death, was to the February 5 Big Three conference at Yalta, Russia, on the Black Sea.

There Mr. Roosevelt, with Prime Minister Churchill and Premier Stalin met in the ornate palace of the czars to formulate a new world order. It was at the Yalta conference which ended February 13, that the April 25 United Nations Conference at San Francisco was planned. There also the President gave America's approval to a Polish compromise and agreed to support Stalin's claims tt three votes on the proposed United Nations Council. Mr.

Roosevelt returned from the Yalta conference tired and in need of rest but seemingly in good spirits. His last major speech, on March 1 when he appeared to deliver his re port on the Yalta meeting before a joint session of both houses of Congress, betrayed the strain under which the chief executive was laboring. His voice was low and solemn and lacked the vibrant quality which gained him fame as a speaker Breaking party ranks, however, congressmen who had frequently bat tied the President, interrupted him time and again during the speech with roars of applause and cheers. Battle Against Inflation The economic issues which bar assed the country in wartime cen tered around inflation and its many facets. On September 7, 1942, Pres ident Roosevelt asked Congress to authorize rigid control of prices, sal aries, wages and profits.

A "stabilise ation act" resulted. And from the Supreme Court the President drafted James F. Byrnes to be economic stabilization director. Rationing, started with gasoline and sugar, was expanded; price ceil ings were clamped on more and more commodities. Possessed of a charming person ality and a ready ability to put peo pie at ease, Mr.

Roosevelt also had p.n entrancing radio voice. He established "fireside chats" as a nationa institution for discussing problems of the hour with the'American people. Enjoys Jokes on Himself Even opponents conceded him to be a master politician. He was idolized by millions and hated by others. Few people were lukewarm about Franklin D.

Roosevelt. Loyal to his friends, Mr. Roosevelt rarely displaced associates in government who had passed the point of their usefulness. He man of strong likes and dislikes. A streak of stubbornness ran through his makeup.

In between war conferences, the chief executive found time to deal with acute economic problems, which plagued his administration as they had done in its non war'years, and, to take a couple of lengthy swings around the country to see how war plants, military establishments and the people were getting alone under wartime difficulties. Liked Heine President Once he told a close friend he thought his crippled condition wu an asset. He explained that while others might be tempted to get, up now and then to look out of the window or stretch their legs be riveted to hie desk and thus wae able to concentrate on his work. He liked bis Job and seemed able to take. taaka in, stride.

"Wouldn't you be. President tt you could?" he once asked friend. "Wouldn't anybodjrr Funeral Cortege Begins to Capital Continued From naval officers, afoot. Next Mrs. Franklin D.

Roosevelt, dressed black, with a fur cape. She sat stiffly upright, outwardly composed- as she had been throughout. With Mrs. rode Fala. sat quietly at Mrs.

Roosevelt's feet, apparently sensing that, something was he could hot quite enow. Veterans Weep Along the route, at attention. Many of them cried openly they stood rigidly presenting their arms. The cortege wound through the tleasant grounds of the Warm Springs Foundation. Some two hours before the faint beat of the muffled drums signaled the approach of the cortege, the Mr.

Roosevelt victims of infantile had hobbled out in front of the main dormitory. Some were wheeled by nurses. In a semi-circle they'watched the cortege pass. Here there were tears, and frank and open A year-ora, Jay Frlbourg, said: "I love ilm so much." He clenched his teeth to keep back the sobs. Chief Petty Officer Graham son, a Georgia Negro who was a favorite of the President's, stepped From the circle of mourners.

He had his accordion which he had often played for Mr. Rbosevelt. As the cortege approached, he lifted the accordion and played the haunting strains of Dvorak's "Going Home" from the New World Symphony. Then he" played "Nearer My God to Thee." Standing there, too, was old Tom Logan. For 14 years he had been Mr.

Roosevelt's waiter at Warm Springs. His chin trembling and his shoulders shaking, the white-haired Negro watched body of his friend pass by. Lord God, take care of him now. 1 said Logan. Placed Aboard Train At 10:55 a.

m. the President's casket was placed aboard the train by eight enlisted men. the picked bodyguard for the last journey. Mrs. Roosevelt, accompanied by the two cousins, Miss Laura Delano and Miss Margaret Suckley, and Grace Tully, the President's secretary, boarded the train.

The train was the same as the President's usual special, with extra car making 11 cars In all. As 'the troops in their olive drab stood at attention and the townsfolk of Warm Springs bared their heads. the train pulled out of the station at 11:13 a. E. W.

T. The crowd stood silently as the train gathered speed and Tumbling northward along the tracks. Finally it rounded a bend and all that could. be seen was a thin trail of black smoke. The train will make a slow run to Washington.

It is scheduled tfc arrive in the capital's union station at 10 a. eastern wartime, tomorrow. Mrs. Roosevelt, bearing her sorrow bravely, flew here to make the sad Journey with the body back to Washington. Hemorrhage Fatal The President died at 4:35 p.

eastern wartime, yesterday of a cerebral hemorrhage that struck him 28 hours earlier. Death came to him In a small bedroom of "the Little White House" at the Warm Foundation, his "other home." was 63. Funeral services will be held in the east room of the White House at 4 p. eastern wartime, tomorrow. At 10 p.

the same day, the funeral party will leave Washington by train for the ancestral Roosevelt estate on the Hudson at Hyde Park, N. Y. It will there at a. eastern wartime, Sunday. The President will be burled at 19 m.

Sunday, in the sunlit garden betweeif his Hyde Park home and the Franklin D. Roosevelt a garden bordered by a hemlock hedge and a prof uslon of rose bushes. In Falling Health Mr. Roosevelt had been in slowly falling health for more than a year, but no one knew that he was ing from any critical organic The first foreshadowing of death came at about 2 p. m.

E. W. T. yesterday. The President suddenly put hand to the back of head and said he had "a terrific headache." They were the last words he ever spoke.

He fainted a few later and never regained consciousness. After the services in the House on Saturday, the funeral party going to Hyde Park will include the cabinet, of government agencies, a group of representatives and Supreme Court justices, members of the family and. some of the President's close The Roosevelt family was being summoned to Washington. Two now overseas will not be able to attend the John and Lieutenant-Commander Un, both in the their wives will be there. Other family members at the services will Include) Colonel and Mrs.

James Roosevelt and Brigadier-General and Mrs. Elliott Roosevelt. Elliott is coming from Europe. Sentries to Body Until the burial, 'the body will be guarded 24 a day by four sentrieschosen from enlisted men of the 'navy, the army and the marine corps. The sentries were posted at each of the four corners of the coffin and will be rotated in regular shifts.

This was the only guard of honor planned now. There were no pftnsj for the President to lie In state in Washington. Shortly after she reached the Little White House, Mre. Roosevelt went into seclusion. Previously, ever, she had discussed the funeral plans with of the staff and reached quick, clear-cut for.

the simple which she felt the President would have wanted. All through last night the dent's staff worked at a feverish pace for "The BOH," they called bun. of Warn and Meriwether comity wanted to stop by and ahafce a hand and offer a word be eetuniation. hut marine and secret them at the of foundation. The death brought SeefSfisC reporters, radto representa- city turbulence to tato normally placid little village.

photographers and Uvee poured to by tour. few of them were atatttad to foundation grounds. Wasttag at While Mr. terday, a large, were to to appear at an eU-faehJoaedi becue gives by )taw Jtonk AUcont of warm fiH4 1 -y i.