The Tennessean from Nashville, Tennessee • Page 35

NEW RESPONSI BILITI ES which haafaild to acept that re- Economic Question Caused Cabinet, Crisis In England, Claim Benito Mus'sbLmr premier of italy' i 'l By Special Cabled i 'if-: Great Britain- reaches eut to. the limit of the nation's generosity by taking upon itself the care of the idle during their whole period of unemployment. While the United up to now, has set up little machinery in a governmental way for facing the problem, yet the national government has regarded the situation as one which must be met. The responsibility for caring for th unemployed haa develop Into a governmental institution and while differences exist between national governments aa the manner In which the unemployment question should be solved, none evades the fact that the gov-, ernmeni has a duty to the nation to solve the problem of the- idle. The state today has taken mora Interest in the welfare of th peo- ROME.

Sept. 5. The recent no Jttlcal crisis from which the new "National" ministry la England has emerged is fruitful of much Instruction for meditative beings. The first consideration la that In -England itself, classic country and noma ot parliamentary government, thl cabinet crisis occurred for reasons -which were not strictly polemical in the sense in which the word is generally used, and took WU- UiiMM Nwra, ptac outside- of parHamerrtsry procedure. 'i jvr, There waa no party ballot which cava the Labor government a min arity vote; rather.

If parliament had been consulted It is probable the count of votes would not have disjlosed any change since the vVs --s last parliamentry sitting. Hoover were welcomed by most of the great powers. Those pro posals were received warmly both on the part of the people of the United State, and on the part of those whom they intended to benefit, ft was an ar-temot to restore to -all. the affected nations their normal economlo trade. This clearly showed the extent to which one nation has become dependent upon the other.

Xa. th-f all his economic confusion and distress, various nations have all entered Into the task, of caring for the welfare of their people more than ever before. The purely political purposes of government have long ago been superseded by acceptance on the part or the state economic an social responsibilities which had only been regarded as vague as Utopia In the time- of Adam Smith and even In the tlma of Karl Marx. New Public Charge National -economy has now become a public charge and with numerous other burdens have been taken on by the state as the su-nreme organ of the people to bring happiness within its own domain. The Fascist state has from the beginning shouldered responsibility for creating and for the continuation of the development of the economic power of the country.

It has even gone further than showing a mere observant interest, and has thrown Itself with fervor to the assistance of private capital when It was found that such state aJd would help restore any ailing economic unit. It was 4 the economlo question Which caused the crisis. Not alone was there difficulty In balancing the budget, but above all there were reflexes on the industrial economic crisis which afflicts England just Though we witnessed along with the pre-war Industrial rise at Oer- many, and even since the time ot Bismarck, the tendency of the stats to take over the welfare of Its citizens aa a further guarantee of the compact integral character of th German state, governments today have gone far beyend pre war Germany, and the state today becomes the backbone from whicb Individual activity radiates. Purpose of Stat. No part of the individual or collective life of a nation can be isolated from that of the state because each part lives as an integral part of the whole.

The Fascist state enters into the economic and social conflicts and brings from them -ordered system. This Is the purpose of the state. It Is not simply a charity headquarters, but a force seeking to adjust all powers so as to produce the smoothest harmony amongst all parts and yield greater national riches. Whether the entry ot the state Into the life of the people is undertaken for calm and tranquil procedure in agriculture and Industry so that the state shall suffer as It afflicts and threatens the world. In the second place, as a solu tlon of the cabinet crisis, the national" ministry has been formed, outside and above parties.

The grand old jockeying In English po litics between the two classic par ties and the new third party labor has ceased to operate on this occasion for the first time in the history of modern England with the exception of the last war. Crisis In National Life. BENITO MUSSOLINI (Premier of Italy) Tho economic situation has been regarded a of such gravity as to be considered a decisive crisis in national life, producing- a govern mental adjustment which did not even occur in the time of the war against the Boers. no disruption in its organic composition, or whether it is undertaken from a real sense ot belief In the progress of ideas and an increase of happiness, the greater responsibility in this difficult postwar period is the fact of its indispensable Importance. The world depression baa forced nations to Inquire into the suffer- ,1 i i HAAnt- It has been- found that there are1 new responsibilities for government, and that the old Democratic and nomic field and Is crowned by the Fascist labor charter Without uch character, there is no revolution because revolutions are much more than the simple establishment of government which is onlv able to guarantee public order.

Fascism today responds to exigencies of a universal character. It solves, in fact, the triple problem of relations between state and individual, between groups and state, and between groups and or-KanUed groups. Burden of Unemployment. We have but to watch how nations todav all take on the burden Liberal regimes had failed to rec ognize the full extent of their du ties. These new duties- and respon ibilities are now being taken into How without the help of the state could such stupendous schemes for the reclamation of land be accomplished? Here Fascism steps in to help the legitimate economic force.

This vast scheme has required the labor of nearly 100,000 men and will add Is Italy's available productive land a territory great enough to permit us to be self-sufficient in growing our grain. The Fascists state has met Its economic problems by helping private Individuals whenever the task or risk waa too great for Individual Initiative. Wa have discarded organisms which we found to be anti-economic, or uselessly created, and that if allowed to remain could only becomea useless burden. Seeks Proper Equilibrium The Fascist corporate state does not wish to be simply a night. consideration by modern govern watchman in politics, nor a kind of charitable organization.

It wishes to enter right into economic life so as to create a proper equilibrium between the forces which make for economic efficiency. The days when governments merely performed the functions of remaining in office as long as they could are passing, for the problems before nations today demand that the state meet the needs of the nation by making it possible for industry to flourish and agriculture thrive so that all may enjoy a fair share of the riches the country can comfortably produce. The Fascist state is a corporate state even it only for Its entry into the economic It is Fascist because it is corporated, and vice-versa. This corporate character has already been established with many successes In the eco ments, especially new responsibili and when it Is learned that the welfare of the individual Is paramount to the welfare of the state, no government can avoid accept- lng the responsibility of meeting the economic and social needs of the nation. ties in the economic field.

The policy ot "Laisses Faire, first expounded by Adam Smith, advocated a free band for com of unemployment to witness thJ merce on the ground that government interference could only hamp er the flow of trade; It further con tended that sufficient restraints (World copyrit-ht. Including South America, 1931. by New fork American, and Universal Service, Inc. All rlshts reserved. Reproduction in whole or part prohibited.) increased and increasing activity of governments In the economic and social realms.

The task ot meet-ins; unemployment is comparatively a new national responsibility, vet there is not a single great nation were placed upon commerce by the law of supply and demand which automatically controlled prices and markets. We still hear much of this old watchword but we have gone a long way since the days of Adams Smith, and now are face to face with commercial organizations which are sometimes bigger than governments and which abolish competition by a system of mergers 1 1 and trusts. Suspicion Aroused The early appearance ot the fac tory aroused suspicion of Its domination over workers and the dawn of the last century found political reformers ready to launch their at tacks against its relentless In vasion. There was a continual HEARD AND SEEN AT THE RACES Despite the leap-frog flying of Ernst Udet, the halt-pint German air ambassador at the air races this year, the service planes of these old United States still get the dog for honest-to-gawd thrill flying. Me and about a million others saw both outfits in operation on Cleveland airport last week, and while the German air ace's flying was plenty good, there's nothing like the kick one gets when about 30 Boeing fighters scream down out of the clouds into your face.

Boy, that's a thrill. fight between forces represented by the owners on one side and the workers on the other. Government regulation set in, while during, this generation Russia made a complete This guy Udet, however, did do some sweet flying. His ship, built -upheaval of the system and adopt by himself, was more half of ed state Socialism. the job, but he had an uncanny ability to judge distances he usually was judging the three or four inches that separated his The great enhanced Industrialization.

In all the greater powers with consequent fiercer competition after the war. Since the war we have witnessed an almost complete change of the positions occupied wherybv Caldwell would teU Williams what stunt to do via the radio system. Thus when Caldwell would say into the mike on the ground, "Do a loop, now," why Al would loop. Here's the kind ot directions Cy handvd out: "Climb to 1.500 feet, Al. And Al went up.

"Now show us how the mind of a banker responds to the depression." At once Al went into a tall spin. "Al. what is your idea of the average congressman's attitude toward prohibition?" The answer was a frenzied circling of the airport. 7 Pot some reason or other the air rases went in for formation flying in a bi way this year. The customers were accustomed to seeing the army, navy and marines flying In formations of from three to 38 planes, but they fbund new formations for the 1931 races.

The army planes resembled colics bands on the, gridiron between halves as they cavorted over the skies forming letters. The letters and which were formed by two 18-plane formations got a big hand from the crowd aa the army announcer said they stood for "air corps." The army boys also formed a nice anchor as a salute to their navy boy frlnds. But the cake went to the gyros and gliders for formation flying. Amelia Earhart led a formation of five gyros as they flew through the tactical maneuvers of military service planes. a tftose gliders it was th first anybody had even attempted to fly a grider In formation.

Three were towed up to about 1,500 feet by a powered plane, and then cut loose. From there on down to a landing they floated lazily around the airport in a perfect echelon formation. 'Twos really an innovation. wingtips from the ground. He had a swell trick that he by great lndustriar countries.

Eng used to top off his exhibition daily. land, founder and builder of the industrial system, had to compete severely with Germany and the Cutting his motor at about 1,000 feet he'd do a series of loops until he got to the ground, and with a Unltod States, and finally had to aead motor tnat last loop was a ceda her position of pre-eminence In industrial organization and pro- This Dorothy Hester, who Is the product of Tex Rankin's aeronautical instruction, laid 'em In the aisles for a half hour every day of the races. She's only 20 so she claims but she handles a Great Lakes, and that's no small job, like a veteran. She's got an upside down barrel roll that's a honey. She had a specially equipped plane for her stunts, butsshe pulled one that I never saw or heard of before.

Tex said she originated it She does a one-and-a-half snap roll from an inverted position. Figure that out, if you can. She had the women customers at the races ga-ga every afternoon. She was the only woman stunt artist on the bill, and after watching men pilots go nuts with airplanes in the clouds for a couple of hours the women in the stands nearly applauded their heads off when Dorothy would put on her show. Oh.

well, every dog has his day, I say. And Dorothy likes it. "I like sunt-flying lots better than air racing," she confided to about 400.000 one day over the airport public address system. "It's much safari" aaealon to the latter which has overtaken all others in Industrial lula: He would start diving at not more than 200 feet, turn the nose up on the loop at about 75 feet and wlu- he got over It his wheels would be on the ground. Little Willies would chase up and down mv back.

too. of-fact guy. A plane Jooplng is simply a plane looping as far as Animel is concerned. When the two ships crashed, they were doing a snake-dance-f-a kind of follow-the-leader affair at about 1,500 feet. Schouree wai calmly telling the customers what It was ail about, when the planes smacked Into each other.

"You are now witnessing yhnt may turn out to be quite serious," Ammel sonorously intoned Into the mike. Both pilots took to their chutes and sot down safely to be greeted by Bill Moffet Rear Admiral William A. Moffett to you, sir only to have one of the pilots Lieut. L. H.

(Bandy) Sanderson invitingly remark to the admiral: "It was really a quite nice ride down, These Marines ara accustomed to taking it on the chin and grinning. When Lieut. W. O. Brlce, the other pilot in the smash, walked up to the mike he was still holding on to his chute ring, which is really something rare.

Pilots forced to take to their chutes usually drop 'em after they Jerk the rip cord and forget about them. But not Brice "The quartermaster charges you six-bits for each one of these things you lose." he told the crowd. output "War had the effect of hastening the new arrangement of Industrial power, placed the United States at the top, and gave her the enviable Some of the boys in the press position of being the most power ful nation lb the worlds In the re box susplcioned he bad a gyro attachment on that ship somewhere, because he could fly it sidewise with the wind about as good as he could straight. suiting competition In search for Speaking of Udet, he met Eddie Rickenbacker for the first time during the races. Those two were accustomed to throwing lead at each other over France during the war.

and while each was well-acquainted with the other's trigger-finger, neither had met the other to shake hands. This kind of stuph could go on forever, but there's limjt to everything. Dick Boutelle and markets governmental measures invoked to Impede the foreigner in favor of the home producer have aet all the world in a turmoil of industrial uneasiness. World Deeply Concerned Nothing haa brought home to the people of the various nations the interdependence of one nation on the other more than the present state of world depression. At no time since the industrial revolution has the world been so deeply concerned about the conditions of affairs of other nations, and this la fundamentally because those conditions have marked repercua-aions on their own affairs, all know with what acclaim the proposals of President When they did It nearly broke up Monty Farrar, whom we ran across at the Statler hotel In Cleveland.

That crash of two Marine planes all ot which you may have read or heard about had its humorous aspects. All of the service plane maneuvers were described over the field broadcasting outfit by a publicity officer attached to whatever unit waa in the air at the time. Lieut. Aromel Schouree waa detailed. tq' the air races.

They got to swap-Ding war yarns in front of the mike at the field, and If Jack Story, the will be back soon, and 'tis likely that we'll hear more dirt then. Cy Caldwell, who writes funny stuph for Aero Digest, and'Al Williams put on a good show last Monday at the races. Al has an especially built Laird ship, and has had it equipped; with, radio. Caldwell picked shoiVw-ay transmitter from Mtf'uavimia and arranged with field announcer, hadn't reminded A new aluminum, foil milk bottl' cap "completely' covers the roll rimvf biitUe and i non- mai iney wwre laming yo in large, they probably the an. have been gajbblng and gossiping, thet till yet.

Al to put on a stunt performance Viaasferable- Ammei IS preiijr iuuuu ui iuiivi-.