The Los Angeles Times from Los Angeles, California • 176

Jm Jfageles tecs The Week's News in Review 5, 1971 4 Sec.L SUNDAY, DEC. SPACE Crowd; at Mars Since the discovery of canal-like features on the (Surface of Mars', the' planet has been an object of fascina-' tlon for man. 1 Science, fiction' writers have given the world countless versions of what a Martian'' looks like, But no-little green men With antennae in their heads have ever been spotted, In 1 fact, no signs of any kind of life have ever been sighted. Earthmen haven't stopped look- ing, however. Last week, the Soviet Mars 2 spacecraft fired a capsule containing a hammer and sickle pennant to the surface of Mars and went into orbit around the Never before had a nation landed an object oil Aside from Mars 2, the Russians also have another probe Mars 3 which is continuing its flight toward the planet.

1 No Soft Landing Seen A report from Moscow quoted the Soviet press as saying that the orbiting Mars 2 would not attempt a soft landing on the planet. U.S. officials expected the capsule to begin sending back measurements and photographs from the Martian surface. "They certainly didn't throw two heavyspacecraft all the way to Mars to. plant a medallion," said Dr.

Bruce a professor of planetary science at Caltech. 5 Meanwhile, the United States' Ma-; riner 9, which went orbit around Mars Nov. 13, transmitted The World TWO HOURS BEFORE DEATH i Arab League headquarters in Cairo. Beiow, nis sneer-coverea Doay. URUGUAY Leftist Defeat 1 Once, Uruguay was known as th Switzerland of South America; a country with a long democratic tra 4ition, a long tourist line, a high literacy rate, a bustling middle class and an enlightened welfare program.

But in recent years, the nation's image has changed, due in large part to a collapsing economy and the Tu pamaros, a far-left terrorist group which has embarked on a campaign of robbery, kidnaping and murder. Not long ago, one dismayed diplomat characterized Uruguay as "Latin America's sole developed nation on the road to underdevelopment. President Jorge Pacheco Areco reacted by turning the country into something of a temporary police state, He declared a state of emergency (still in effect) in 1968, imposed stiff wage and price controls and cracked down on demonstrating students, striking workers and suspected guerrillas. As a result, there was some question as to how much support the ruling Colorado Party still enjoyed. Last week, Uruguayans were given the chance to speak at the polls.

The election was billed by some as a test of Uruguayan democracy as well as of the Colorados' popularity. For a new, far-left political party the Broad Front was also running: a coalition of Communists, Socialists, Christian Democrats and other dissidents. It was modeled on Chile's popular unity coalition, which elected Marxist-Socialist Salvador Allende president last year. The Broad Front also received the qualified backing of the Tupamaros, who temporarily halted terrorist activities. First Far-Left Threat The coalition's entry into the race marked the first threat ever posed by a far-left party in conservative Uruguay, where the Colorados have won all but two elections since 1865.

And its showing was likely to say something of the future of Chilean-style rule in Latin America. The other challenger was the National Party, whose main candidate, a Kennedy-style politician named 'Wilson Ferreira, tried to strike a balance between his opponents' platforms. Under Uruguay's complicated voting system, primary and general elections are compressed into the same vote. Thus, the winning candidate is the one who leads all other contenders in that party which out-polls the other parties. With late-week results still trickling in from the provinces, it was apparent that Uruguayans had generally opted for more of the same.

The Broad Front was badly beaten, receiving about 20 of the vote and losing the mayoralty race in Montevideo, which it had been expected to win. The apparent winner (amid cries of fraud from the opposition) was the Colorados' Juan Maria Bor-daberry, who led Ferreira by a narrow margin. Bordaberry, 48, was the second choice of the incumbent, Pacheco Areco. His first choice had been himself. But he lost out in a bid to run again when a referendum to repeal the constitutional ban againjt successive presidential terms failed.

ALONE Survivor sits amid ruins of his home in East Pakistani village, near Dacca, which was shelled by West Pakistani troops. Wirephoto Wiiimmif-rnTiiii 'Full Scale War' India's parliament. "But we have silenced some Pakistani guns, dealt -with their tanks and brought down some of their intruding aircraft. "We have not posed a counter-threat in any sense of the word. But we cannot allow the annihilation of the people next door to us." Her position is that peace cannot return until President Yahya recognizes the outlawed Awami League of East Pakistan and releases secessionist leader Sheik Mujibur Rahman.

She has called on President Yahya to grant independence to the area which Bengali separatists call Beng-la Desh. Washington indicated its displeasure with her position by halting the issuance of all future licenses for shipments of military equipment to India. 'Deteriorating Situation' Referring to the "deteriorating situation," State Department spokesman Charles Bray announced that the United States also would cancel some $2 million in licenses for ammunition and equipment related to ammunition production. On Nov. 8, the Administration moved to revoke licenses for the sale of military equipment to Pakistan.

Mrs. Gandhi reacted indignantly, vowing that she would continue to follow her own policy. "The times have passed when any nation sitting 3,000 or 4,000 miles away could give orders to Indians on the basis of their color superiority to do as they wished," she asserted. Amid the words and gunfire, the people of East Pakistan continued to suffer. In a bizarre footnote to the continuing tragedy, hijackers seized a plane of Pakistan lnternational Airlines and threatened to destroy it and the passengers unless 20 tons of medicine for Pakistani refugees were delivered aboard at Orly Field in Paris.

A3 French authorities began to crate the medicines', police rushed aboard the plane and arrested the men. French Red Cross officials said that the medicine would be sent to the refugees "but by another route and other means." Kn Jordanian Premier Wasfi Tell, at i i it 1. vn iiiivpiiuib Arm Israel As clerks ducked for cover and screams rang out with gunshots through the marble-lined hotel lobby, Tell stumbled inside, trying to draw his own gun. But a wave of bullets riddled his body, Mrs. Tell, who had been eating lunch in the hotel, entered the lobby and cried out hysterically: "Are you happy, Arabs? Do you know what you've lost? Palestine is finished.

The Arabs are sons of dogs," and then she collapsed sobbing. The gunmen knew what Jordan had lost. Egyptian police arrested three men all carrying Syrian passports who were said to be members of the Black Ilul (Black September) movement. The unit was formed to avenge the deaths of guerrillas killed during with the Jordanian army in September, 1970. campaign was the severest blow ever dealt to the guerrillas.

And it was Tell, 51, a strong supporter of the monarchy, who reportedly convinced King Hussein to send in the army to wipe out the Palestinian fighters. Soon after the 11' days of bloodshed ended, Tell was made prime minister. He was in Egypt to attend an Arab League Defense Council meeting. Hussein named Ahmed Lozi, a 46-year-old technical expert, as the new prime minister. He also declared a period of 40 days of official mourning.

There was a different reaction in Palestinian refugee camps near the capital of Beirut. There, news of Tell's death was greeted with shots fired into the air a traditional form of Arab celebration. CHINA Details on the Despite the fact that the subject was the. leader, of the "imperialist war mongers," the People's Daily reported the news calmly in Peking. On the bottom right-hand corner of the front page, the newspaper printed without comment a one-sentence statement issued jointly in both countries: "The government of the People's Republic of China and the government of the United States have decided through discussions that the visit of President Nixon to China will begin from February 21." The White House later embellished the story with these announcements about the visit: It will end Feb.

28. The President and his group, in- eluding Mrs. Nixon and national se-' curity affairs adviser Henry A. Kissinger, will visit at least three cities: Peking, the capital; Shanghai, China's largest city; and Hangchow, a tourist attraction 100 miles south of Shanghai. No subjects will be barred during the President's talks.

But "there will be no deals made at the expense of, or concerning other countries." We are not sentimental about this," Kissinger said. "We recognize that the People's Republic is led by highly principled men whose principles are diametrically opposed to ours. "But it is in our mutual interest that on those matters that are not ideologically controversial in the 'cultural and intellectual field, we can find cooperative means of effort." In going to China at the end of February, the President will be commanding interest just as the New Hampshire primary campaign is approaching an end. Mr. Nixon is being challenged in the March 7 election bv RepPaul N.

McCloskey Jr. V1TFAT 1'111J 1 U.S. Pledge to The six-day war of June, 1967, provided comedians with a stockpile of one-liners, such as, "Visit Israel and see the pyramids." Understandably, Egypt and the Soviet Union were not amused. Since the war, the Russians have supplied Cairo with nearly $3 billion worth of equipment. Last summer, the two nations signed a 15-year treaty of friendship and cooperation.

At the same time, the Nixon Administration has been attempting, in its own words, to preserve a "balance of power" in the Middle East. In recent months, it has pigeonholed Israeli requests for more Phantom jets. But reports of more Soviet jet deliveries as well as pressure in Congress have apparently prompted a change in U.S. policy. Shopping in "Washington For when Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir went shopping in Washington last week, she won assurance from President Nixon that the United States would back the "long-term modernization" of Israel's military forces.

The President went further than ever before in pledging U.S. arms aid for the Jewish state, and the phrase "long-term suggested an open-term commitment similar perhaps to the Russjan-Egyptian pact. The Israelis are understood to want about 50 more U.S. Phantom jet fighter-bombers as well as about 75 U.S. Skyhawk aircraft for their aging air force.

There was some hope that a new U.S.-tsraeli arms deal would encourage Mrs. Meir to make her peace terms more flexible. The Israelis have balked at entering negotiations unless they receive more jets. Guerrillas Strike Again For months, the Palestinian guer rilla movement had been written off as finished worn out, demoralized depleted in both arms and manpower. But last week, the terrorists demonstrated again just how much damage a few can do.

Visiting Prime Minister Wasfi Tell of Jordan considered the architect of his nation's crackdown on the guerrillas had just stepped from his car outside the Sheraton Hotel in Cairo Sunday afternoon when a bullet struck his arm. It was briefly united by Arta-xerxes III, who ruled from 362-338 BC. Artaxerxes killed all his relatives to solidify his rule. However, his reign came to an end when he was poisoned by his physician. The empire what was left of it-fell in 331 BC when Alexander the Great marched on the capital of Per-sepolis, burned its palaces and seized its treasures.

From that point until recently, Persia's history has been largely a history of domination by other powers. A second major turning point came in the 7th century AD when Persia fell to the Arabs. Islamic rule persisted for seven centuries. In the 19th century, Russia gained control over large areas of northern Persia, and has never given them back. The Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) was formed partially to check any further Russian advances in the region.

Since Alexander, Persia (or Iran) has been overrun 27 times by one count. Persians would prefer to remember Cyrus, instead. STEVE HARVEY photographs of the planet which suggested that fiery volcanoes might have played an Important role its evolution. An official of the U.S. Geological Survey asserted that if there are any active volcanoes on the planet, that would imply that Mars has surface heat, water and other chemicals necessary for life.

However, both the United States and the Soviet Union were a long way from getting a definite answer. Heat Within the Moon The Apollo 15 astronauts were patient to go rock hunting once they set foot on the moon's surface four months ago. It took a little persuading by ground control in Houston to keep the two astronauts, Col. David R. Scott and Lt.

Col. James B. Irwin, hammering away at their appointed chore to drill a hole in the lunar surface. The drilling proved to be frustra-tingly difficult because the lunar material is very dense, but finally a hole five feet deep was made. Equipment for measuring the flow of heat from within the moon was installed and last week it paid off.

Scientists announced the finding of unexpec-' tedly high heat flow from beneath the lunar surface. The finding has persuaded a num-ber of scientists that current theories on how the moon and planets formed will have to be revised. Dr. Marcus E. Langseth of Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory said the amount of heat flow on the moon is half that on earth, but at one time it was thought that heat from the lunar interior was only one-sixth that on the earth.

Heat flow is determined by the radioactivity in certain elements (namely uranium, thorium and a form of potassium). This radio-activity generates heat. Popular theories have held that the moon has always been a cold, undifferentiated piece of the original solar system. Or else, it was theorized, the moon formed somewhere in space, wandered near the earth and was captured by its gravitational field. Now scientists are proposing that gravity slowly pulled together into a spherical solid object the dust, gas and other materials that form the moon.

These materials were laid down in layers, producing a surface region rich in radioactive elements. Heat generated by this radioactivity, it is thought, melted much of the top layer when the moon was young and accounts for the newly observed heat flow. he minted gold coins. There was no need for a pay board in those days. Cyrus later was followed by Darius, who modestly- called himself the "Great King, King of Kings." Darius solidified the empire but failed to conquer Greece.

The king first learned of the Athenians when they burned the Lydian capital of Sardis. When told who they were, Darius was said to have appointed a slave to tell him each day, "Master, remember the Athenians." Darius remembered but nevertheless he was defeated at the crucial battle of Marathon. It was after this conflict that a young man named Pheidippides ran all the way to Athens, where he cried, "Rejoice! We conquer!" before falling dead. The distance between Marathon and Athens 26 miles and 385 yards is a track event today: the "marathon." Persia's failure to subdue Greece was the beginning of the end of the empire. After Darius' son, Xerxes, the dynasty was riddled with conspiracies, assassinations and revolts by subject peoples.

SOUTH ASIA Air Raids and More and more, diplomats and other observers were asking not if war would break out between India and Pakistan, but when? Following reports that Pakistani planes had attacked four Indian air bases an apparent escalation of the conflict Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared a state of emergen- In an announcement to the nation, Mrs. Gandhi said that Pakistan had "launched a full-scale war" against India. Air raid sirens wailed across northern India. There were sudden blackouts in several cities, including New Delhi, and flights from the In- -dian capital were canceled. Blackouts were also being imposed in Pakistani cities.

Until now, the fighting between the two nations during the last two months had been confined mostly to the borders of East Pakistan, which is separated from its western half by 1,200 miles of Indian territory. But the Pakistani air raids seem to reflect a new phase in the conflict. The danger of further escalation was contained in a statement by the chief of India's western air command, Air Marshal M. M. Engineer, who ordered his pilots to "destroy the evil war machine" of Pakistan.

'Massive Attacks' Cited Pakistan admitted staging the air raids but said they were made after Indian troops had launched seven "massive attacks" on East Pakistan from the northern, eastern and western borders during one 24-hour period. India has reportedly taken firm control of stretches of land as deep as five miles into East Pakistan. The roots of the conflict lie in the secessionist attempt made by East Pakistanis earlier in the year. Pakistani President Mohammad Agha Yahya Khan subsequently sent in troops who were widely criticized for their savagery. In her toughest statement yet, Mrs.

Gandhi last week demanded the withdrawal from East Pakistan of all Pakistani army units (the bulk of whom are from West Pakistan) and termed their presence a threat to India. "We have been observing restraint," she told the upper house of RELIVING Many Arabian nights have passed since the Persian Empire flourished. Cyrus the Great would have been pleased to see Iranian troops seize three disputed islands in the Persian Gulf last week. He did a lot of that sort of thing 25 centuries ago. Iran (the modern name for Persia) is a prideful nation, conscious of its past glories as well as its past humiliations.

In October, the Shah of Iran spent millions of dollars and invited dignitaries from all over the world to a massive celebration in honor of the anniversary of the founding of the Persian Empire by Cyrus. (In view of the preparations, everyone overlooked the fact that it was technically 10 years late.) Actually, the word "Iran" (which means Aryan) is older than "Persia." But Greek geographers mistakenly called the people Persians, after the province of Parsa or Persis, and the name stuck. In less than a century, the Persians built up an empire which, by 500 BC, included Egypt, the Middle A 25-CENTURY-OLD PERSIAN DREAM xm Visit CHINA MIES CHINA TRIP Mop locates cities President Nixon will visit. Time map Chairman Mao Tse-tung and Premier Chou En-lai are not, of course, the only world leaders who will be shaking the President's hand in coming months. Before visiting the Soviet Union in late May, he plans to meet Canadian Prime Minister Trudeau at the White House Monday, French President Pompidou in the Azores Dec.

13-14, British Prime Minister Heath in Bermuda Dec. 20-21, West German Chancellor Brandt in Key Bis-cayne, Dec. 28-29, and Japanese Prime Minister Sato in San Cle-mente Jan. 6-7. The announcement of the dates for the China visit, besides ending much speculation, also damaged the reputation of David Kissinger as a creditable news source.

The 10-jear-old son of the presidential adviser had recently remarked to his father in front of reporters: "You're going in March, aren't you?" JttA wit. CHINA East and central Asia east to the Indus River. Cyrus' armies used blitzkrieg tactics. Expert horsemen, skilled with the bow and arrow, they relied upon speed to overcome heavily armored enemy troops. One custom of the Persians, which was said to have originated In the ancient province of Parthia, was to shoot arrows at their foe even as they rode away from battle.

The phrase "parting shot" is believed to be a bastardized version of "Parth-ion shot." Under Cyrus, the Persians conquered Assyria, the Babylonian Empire and Lydia. Lydia's ruler, King Croesus, had first consulted with the oracle of Delphi in Greece to see if he should battle Cyrus. The oracle replied, "If Croesus goes to war he will destroy a great empire." Croesus went to war, but the empire he destroyed was his own. Cyrus was a skilled administrator who divided his empire into satrapies (provinces). His wealth was such that when he wanted money,.