Arizona Daily Star from Tucson, Arizona • Page 1

tt S. WEATHER BUREAU wr.SON AND VICINITY: Partly today and tonight with a few thunderstorms in the vicinity. Little change in temperature. Temperaturea yesterday: High 95 Low 68 year ago: High 99 Low 71 An Independent NEWSpaper Printing the News Impartially VOL- 104 NO. 220 Enured as second eiasa matter.

rnt otnre. Tucson. Arizona TUCSON, ARIZONA, WEDNESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 8, 1945 FOURTEEN PAGES PRICE FIVE CENTS 60 OF HIROSHIMA WIPED OUT BY ATOMIC PRESIDENT BACK FROM POTSDAM BOMB; NEW SURRENDER UL TIMA TUM TO JAPAN PREDICTED; FLEET BACK IN ACTION, NIMITZ DISCLOSES YANK TWO THOUSAND NEW ATOMIC BOMB HITS JAP BASE OF THESE EQUAL ONE ATOMIC BOMB CARRIER PLANES ATTACK FORMER U. S. WAKE BASE Jap Shipping Almost Nil As Result of Effective Allied Blockade MANCHURIA HOKKAIDO Japan 4 HONSHU japan KYUSHU Pit 1 -zrzz I "fa Nw If fc-Lw i- -rf-, The Atomic Bomb, announced by President Truman August 6, explosive force that would be delivered by of the British here, according to army sources.

(AP Wirephoto.) President Truman disclosed details of an Atomic Bomb, with more power than 20,000 tons of TNT, that had been dropped on Hiroshima (bomb hurst symbol), a Japanese army base on the main Japanese home island of Honshu. American B-29's also rained incendiary and eploshe bombs on six Japanese war centers (underlined) and fighters used rockets and machine guns on targets in the Tokyo area (A). Air Force headquarters saM that photos showed Toyama (B), raided August 2. was "totally destroyed." Mfne symbols locate areas mined over the week end. (AP Wire-photo Map.) Captured Paper Made Dunkerque Possible By GEORGE TI CKER FRANKFURT, Germany, Aug.

7 (P) The accidental discovery of a secret German document enabled the British to evacuate 330.000 men from the trapped beaches of Dunkerque, the U. S. Army disclosed today. "This was the paper that lost the war for Germany be MEETING Arrives Aboard Augusta At Hampton Roads; Off To Capitol at Once NEWPORT NEWS, Aug. 7.

(P) President Truman returned to his home shores today, back from the historic Big Three meeting at Berlin. A cabinet meeting was called for Friday. He will be back at his White House desk tomorrow. His return to America came amid talk in Washington and London of possibly another ultimatum for the Japanese to surrender, now tiat they have seen what the new itomic bomb can do to their homeland. The President plans to delay any news conference until he has made i radio address to the nation on the agreements retired in Ger many with British, and Russian leaders.

Leaves for Washington Truman disembarked frcrm the cruiser Augusta here today at 4:54 p. n). (EWT). He and his party Immediately boarded a waiting train and headed for Washington. Truman, looking physically fit jnd smiling, came down the gang p'ank immediately behind George Dresher, head of the secret service detail.

Behind him came Admiral William Leahy, naval chief of staff to the President; Judge Samuel Rosenman, Secretary of State James W. Byrnes, and other members of the presidential party in-eluding Admiral Jonas H. Ingram, commander in chief. Atlantic Fleet, who went from Philadelphia to meet the Augusta. As the President stepped on the pier he was greeted by Rear Adm.

David McD. Lebreton. commandant the Fifth Naval District; Brig. Gen. John R.

Kilpatrick. command-tag general Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation, and Rear Adm. P. X. Bellinger, commander, air force, Atlantic fleet.

Boards Train The President returned a snappy salute to General Kilpatrick and immediately crossed the pier to his train, which was waiting him, folded by the remainder of his The President boarded the special train, which comprised a locomotive and eight Pullmans, at 5:15 p. m. and left about 15 minutes later. It was on July 7 that Truman sailed from Hampton Roads for his meeting with the heads of the two other greatest powers in the world. Talks Began July 17 Eight days later, he was in Berlin and on July 17 he began his talks with Premier Stalin a.l Prime Minister Churchill, who was replaced later by his successor, Clement Attlee.

At a flag-raising ceremony at U. S. Group Council headquarters in Berlin July 20, Truman said. "Re are fighting for peace and for the welfare of mankind. We are not fighting for conquest.

There i.s not one piece of territory or one thing of a monetary nature thst we want out of this "war." During a lapse in conversations ku Yl -election the President reviewed i U. S. troons in the Rhino area, i fijinz from Potsdam to Frankfurt- On-Main. Truman and Churchill, with ad dition of the signature of Chiang Mi-shek, president of China, called upon Japan to surrender un- conditionally without delay or face prompt and utter destruction. "We ao not intend the Japanese shall be enslaved as a race or destroved a nation, but stern justice shall meted out to war crimin toeir proclamation said.

Ended August 1 The conference ended August 1 a note of cordiality after a' iinal two-hour after-dinner session, i The next day President Truman and his party flew to Plymouth. England whf-ie Truman lunched! wi-h Kins George VI aboard the British battle cruiser Renown. Aft- erward he sailed for home aboard ie Augusta On August 2. a n.OOO-word communique on the Potsdam confer-ence clamped Miff reparations upon war-guilty Germanv slicing awav territory for Russia and Poland, Prohibiting munitions, airplane and snip building industries and decreeing a n.vional economy de- oted to farming and "peaceful, do- mesne industries." Atomic Bomb Threat Might End War Soon By DOUGLAS B. CORNELL WASHINGTON, Aug.

7. (P) The cataclysmic might of atomic bombs reinforced tonight Washington and London predictions cf a new surrender ultimatum to Japan. How soon either an ultimatum or a Japanese decision might come was highly conjectural. But one able military authority here said "inevitably" GUAM, Wednesday, Aug. 8.

(IP) The southern Honshu city of Hiroshima, first to be hit by a Superfortress-dropped atomic bomb, has probably been completely destroyed, on the basis of reports studied today. Meanwhile, fleet headquarters disclosed carrier task forces in action off Wake and China. Photographic proof after smoke had cleared away of hat happened to the industrial Japanese city of 34.1.000 Monday remained to be assessed, but the blat was so terrific a Superfortress crew 10 miles away felt it rock their giant bomber like the near-by explosion of an antiaircraft shell. Fleet Rack in Action Today, as reports came In on the i effect of the most deadly bomb ever invented. Adm.

Chester Nim-itz disclosed that the fleet is back in action. It sent carrier planes Monday against the former American base of Wake. Another task force on the same day wound up three days of searching for enemy shipping off China but was able to report only small successes, so effective has been the blockade between Japan and the Asiatic mainland. A large barge and a small coastal vessel were listed as destroyed off China. At Wake small craft also were the victims.

Ting Hoi Attacked Carrier planes under the overall command of Vice Adm. Jesse B. Oldendorf, centered their China coast attacks on the island of Ting Hoi, 7- miles southeast of Shanghai. They damaged buildings in a seaplanes area. More than .100 Liberators.

Mitchells and Invaders of the Far East Air Forces struck with fire bombs at the Kyushu cities of Kagoshima and Miyakonojo on Monday, same day the atomic bomb hit Hiroshima on Honshu, General MacArthur's Wednesday communique, issued at Manila, disclosed. Japs Admit Damage President Truman, in announcing that he first fruits of the two billion dollar experiment by scientists had descended upon the Nipponese with the explosive power of 20.000 tons of TNT, said only one atom bomb was dropped. Secretary of War Stimson reported only that i an impenetratl cloud of dust, hung over Hiroshima after the blast. But an enemy communique admitted "considerable" damage and a Domei news agency dispatch warned the Japanese that the destructive power of the bomb "cannot be slighted." Several hours earlier the ()aka radio had announced various trains in Hiroshima prefecture had been cancelled. 300 WARPLANES STRIKE KYUSHU i ivagosnima Hit Hardest As Fire Bombs Rained On Two Cities MANILA, Wednesday.

Aug. i.V More than Liberators. Mitchells and Invaders of the Fat-East Air Forces struck heavily at two southern Kvushu cities Monday with fire bombs and iellied 4 AND 1-TENTH SQUARE MILES OF CITY RAZED Five Major Industrial Targets Are Destroyed, Spaatz Announces GUAM, Wednesday, Aug. 8. (P) Four and one-tenth square miles "or 60 per cent" of Hiroshima was wiped out by the devastating atomic bomb dropped Monday by a B-29, the U.

S. Army Strategic Airforce headquarters reported today. Five major industrial targets were wiped out in the city of six and nine-tenths square miles. "Additional damage was 6hown outside the completely destroyed, area," said a communique based on reconnaissance photographs made over the city of 343,000 on the morning of the dav the bomb was dropped by a Superfort which felt the concussion of the weapon while 10 miles away. The photographs showed clearly that the heart of Hiroshima wall wiped out with such awful thoroughness as if some giant bulldozer had swept across the buildings and houses.

Bomb Effect Terrific The effect of the bomb was sa terrific that several man-made firebreaks and seven streams failed to stop the fires. One of the spanned firebreakg was three city blocks wide and a photograph evaluator said it was one of the best seen on Japan. If ever a firebreak should have stopped flames, it should have done 60 in this case. In the heart of the city only a few concrete structures remain standing. They were believed to be air raid shelters.

Even they had been burned in side. A U. S. Army strategic afr forces expert said there was no comparison between the fire caused by an atomic bomb and that of a normal conflagration. When Yokohama was burned a normal fire, the expert said it looked as if smoke pots were burning throughout the city.

In the case of Hiroshima, a white plume rose thousands of feet in the air. At the base of this high-necked mushroom w-as a cloudlike accumulation, believed to be dust blown into the air by the tremendous concussion. Although additional damage was revealed by the camera outside the completely destroyed section, the Hewer part of Hiroshima with its i harbor and dock facilities appeared, to be barely touched by the tre mendous concussion. The men who participated could give no- estimate of the damage other than that it "must have been extensive." But they did relate that the lone bomb struck squarely in the center of the industrial-military city of 343.000 on southern Honshu iii the Japanese mainland August 6 (Pa-(Continued on Page 5, Column 2) Japs Warned Halsey Again on the Prowl WASHINGTON. Aug.

7. The navy told the Japanese tonight that Admiral William F. Haley's Third Fleet is again off their homeland and ill soon "let loose more and more destruction on vital coastal installations." Explaining the silence from Hal-sey's fleet for a week, a news review read on the navv hour radio program NBC said the Third had been avoiding a threatening typhoon. "Admiral bad been 'caught in one deMructive typhoon 'on June 5," the navy commentator isaid. "He was going to make sure jit didn't happen again so the Third Fleet moved into safe aters." be a leaflet campaign to let the people know they had been atom-bombed and could expect more in the future.

Whether this meant that specific ci'ies will be warned in advance, as wi'h the B-29 fire raids, was not niade clear but it seemed unlikely in view of the special nature of the new ex-! plosive. Gran'ing the tremendous power of the a'omic bomb. General Spaatz refused to conjecture spe-' cifically cm how would affect the end of the war with Japan. But the lean, tough general de-j clared: "It won't be for the Japanese to absorb." Asked whether the atomic bomb is still in 'he experimental stage. Spaatz said "the experiment was over Julv 16." the date when the first such was set off I a remote area of New Mexico.

in UNRRA TO ASK LARGER FUNDS Convention Gets Started In London; Requests For Aid Large By RICHARD KASISCHKE LONDON', Aug. 7. The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, beset by a financial crisis, demand increased contributions of funds and supplies from nations able to pav. it was made clear at today's opening session of the organization's third international convention. Facing a tough winter's work in ravaged Europe and the Far East, the UNRRA program throush 134-5 will require new contributions from the participating nations of $1,500,000,000 and 52,300, uw.u.

a fu source said. Details ot tne financial program will be disclosed tomor row, wnen uiret'ioi -uenrrai ii-i uffi i II. Lehman presents his report. UNRRA's financial crisis has! snowballed as a result of ever in- creasing original demands that far exceed expectations. alone has requested aid I China equivalent to S9OO.000.OO0, Russia $700,000,000 and a big request is (Continued on rage 5, Column 4) Two Boys Killed, One Stunned, by Lightning ELKO, Aug.

7. (JP) Two bovs were killed by lightning and a third was stunned but not seri-ouslv injured yesterday afternoon. Cecil Hunt 12. San Franci- who was working on a rancn for the summer, and 4-year-om Ronald Kent Savage, son of the owners of the ranch, were killed. Gene Hammond, year old, son of Mr.

and Mrs. Opal Hammond of Elko, was injured. The three lads were playing dinner a stream when a storm broke. They started back to ranch house. the i I I packs a punch that, equal the "Grand Slam" bombs shown VICHY BRITISH PACT WAS MADE SAY WITNESSES Lord Halifax Named Principal Figure by Petain's Defense as PARIS, Aug.

7. (JP) Two witnesses, testifying in defense, of marshal Henri Philippe Petain, insisted today that Britain concluded a secret agreement with the Vichy government after the fall of France. One named Lord Halifax, present ambassador to Washington, as a principal intermediary. The allegations wen1 made in the face of official British denials of such a secret negotiation. The agreemt nt.

the witnesses asserted, related mainly to obtaining Kieiuli assurances that the I French fleet would not be used I against the British, that colonial I bases and areas would he deni.nl the Germans and that Vichy would refrain from attempting to re- gain overseas areas then under control of Gen. De Gaulle's Free French forces. In return, both witnesses testi- fied, Britain consented to relax her blockade and permit French shipping to pass through the Straits of Gibraltar and bound herself to furnish certain needed foodstuffs to France. Defense Contention The witnesses were Jacques Chevallier. former Vichy secretary-general of education, and Adm.

Jean Fernent. former secretary gen-' oral of Jhe presidency council, The defense was counting heavily on their testimony to suprfort the contention that: Petain, far fmm rollaborating with the Ger- mans and plotting against the itv of France, was otkih; the eenes ith the Allies. Fernet testified Rougier (now in that Pror. Eouis York) ap- proached Petain on .111 r.w. with an offer to attempt to "p-" ith Britain.

Kou rier. had and the witness said, claimed he n.io contacts' In London, was given permission by retain to leave for London. Fernet said he was present November in. 1010. when Professor Rougier returned from London and reported to Petain on the progress, of his negotiations.

Rougier was said to have conferred with Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Minister of War Anthony Eden and to have left with Petain a three-; point plan which was to serve as the basis of a "modus Vivendi between the two governments. Chavellier testitieu mai ne I'rfi- i to twl more directly in talks be. He that. Lord llaiitax Hie men British foreign minister, got in touch with him through the Canadian minister to Vichy. Pierre (Continued on Page Column fi) Japs Know Much of Atomic Bomb Theory LONDON.

Prof. Vevill Mott. ear-old Bristol I ni-verity professor and authority on phvsies, was quoted by the Daily Herald todav as saving that the Japanese know a great deal about the theory of atomic bombs but are not near the stage of producing one. The storv quoted Dr. Mott ccin that a Japanese named as V.

harl worked with Dr Neils Bohr at Copenhagen on atomic research, and with three fellow countrymen had written a brilliant treatise in 10 on nuclear fission obtaining energy from such elements as uranium. i I i 4tomic Bomb Smaller But iMore Powerful Than Blockbusters LONDON. Aug. 7. A commentator for the British Ministry of Aircraft Production, making the first disclosure regarding the size of the new atomic bomb, said it is "ten times smaller than a blockbuster but many times as powerful." This apparently would mean the r.cw bomb weighs about 400 pounds.

Blockbusters were the two-ton bombs that were the first superheavy aerial projectiles used by the RAF againn Germany and were succeeded later by four-ton "factory busters," six-ton "earthquake" and finally 11-ton "vol-ennoes." The commentator said that whereas previously in order to get more powerful bombs it had lcen necessary to build them "bigger and better," it now was possible to get an almost incom-pr he amount of jow er in a much smaller package. ATTLEE SUMMONS BRITISH CABINET LONDON, Aug. 7. Military chiefs closest Winston Churchill in the direction of the British war effort were summoned by Prime Mini-ter Clement Attlee tonight to an almost unprecedented cabinet meeting the second of the day. The meeting lasted three hours.

cause it opened an escape hatch jwhich the core of the British regular army slipped through and gave (Britain at least the semblance of enough strength to hold on until Russia and the United States were drawn to her aid." an intelligence officer of G-2 said. At an hour when the French were being slaughtered and the British were making a desperate effort to evacuate their helpless divisions, a member of the German general staff on a mission pushed too far ahead of his own lines and was fired upon by a British patrol. The Nazi officer and hi; men took off across the fields but their vehicle was set afire and was captured by the patrol. In it was a copy of a surprise attack in the Calais region aimed at cutting off the British escape. The document fell Into the hands of the commander of a small British force screening the Dun kerque beaches only a few hours before the attack was scheduled to begin.

It forptold a hook movement hy a German force moving up from Abbeville and striking in the rear of the Dunkerque area. Gambling everything on bold strategy, the British commander' concentrated every man he had at the point of attack. The Germans attacked on schedule but their initial thrust was; stopped cold and the British covering force held for three davs while the frantic skippers of the weirdest assortment of junks, garbage scows, barges, vachts and other small! craft ever assembled, emptied the British and played a de-half a dozen of the Eu- beaches of French troops. Captured document? cisive part in at. least major engagements ropean war, this In the autumn sotirre said, of in Italv (Continued on Page 7.

Column 1) SENrTlrTHITS OVER -S Full Employment Bill Could Aid Advent Of Depression WASHINGTON. Aug. 7. (P) Senator Taft averted tonight that balanced economic planning is needed To prevent infUHion in the postwar period. In an address prepared for the radio (CBS), the chairman of the senate Republican steering committee declared that the so-called "full bill contains a bad feature in that, "it regards' unlimited public spending as the ulti-; mate solution for every difficulty." He praised the bill's provision calling on the President to initiate comprehensive economic planning and to set up committor to advise Congress along the same lines.

Taft said that if federal money is used to build up abnormal economic activity, "sooner or later it will blow up in our faces-and bring about the very depression we arc trying to avoid." Instead, he said government spending should have a minor place in economic planning which1 would depend primarily on stimulation of private indu-trv to provide maximum employment. i i Japan will be told quickly that she must quit or face the onslaught of tiie most terrible weapon ever devised. And another declared the Japanese may be expected to make up their minds within six weeks whether to get out of the war or see their home islands de vastated from tiie air. The London press spoke of an I ultimatum one newspaper said it would carry a -i-hour deadline for acceptance. May Wait a While Yet there was a possibility that for the moment the Allies of tiie Pacific war would be content to capitalize on the tremendous propaganda value of the first atomic bomb strike Sunday on the army city of Hiroshima, and on the threat of repeat performances.

That would give Japan a chance to change its mine! about accepting the now" decree already issued by Britain. China and the United States at the Potsdam conference. Ortainlv the OWT was busv at propaganda. If filled the air waves with information on how the atomic bomb rivals with reality the fantasy of some of junior's favorite comic snips. And the attack on Hiroshima appeared calculated to impress Japan's civilians as much as the military.

Military authorities suggested other and bigger cities might be the next to suffer the awful destruction of the super-bombs. Truman to Report There was some expectation that President Truman, upon his return from the Potsdam conference tomorrow or Thursday, might see fit to empnasize in his report to the mumy oi Japanese i e- Nevertheless, there were no indications that the armed forces had swerved in the slightest from their promise of ultimate invasion of the land of the setting sun. Specific reports were lacking on the extent of the damage wrought on Hiroshima. Apparently the Jap-; anese themselves didn't know, al- though they said it was considc-r-; able. But the loosening of tiie force-: of nature itself against 'lie enemy by release of the tremendous cn-j eigy bound up in atoms revcrhcr-j ated around the world.

There were attempts to njiprai (Continued on Page Column I) BOMB DATE FIXED FOR OVER 1 YEAR GI'AM. Aug. Thorns F. Karr disclosed (United States I. that l''w date for di G-n.

N. first atomic bomb th, set "well over a yo.ir pern go." Farrell. aide to Maj. si R. Groves.

Pasadena, vct-r- an army ruction engineer who was in charge of the bomb ment program said at a pews c. ference the goal was in to lay out a schedule fur com ing the huge project. gasoline, producing great fires explosions throuirhotit the tart sistance. More B-29s to Follow in Wahe Of 'Enola Gay? Spaatz Avers Atomic Bomhs Go 'Booti' But Seismograph Isn't Interested area. The manufacturing city of Kagoshima took the hardest impact as more than 200 Liberators and Mitchells of the and 7th AAF's, escorted bv Thunderbolt fighters, bombed its submarine assembly no and sheet metal works.

After bombing by instrument be-i cause of heavy undercast, the low flying Mitchells dived through smoke and clouds for treelop strafing of the city of 10,000. mors reported mey paw many fires in the wake of their bombing. I Kagoshima last was hit on July 30, hen FKAF bombers flew 700; sorties over Kvushu. I The rail center of Mivakonojo! va hit simultaneously bv more1 than loo Till A A Invaders and Thunderbolts. Rockets and jellied gasoline homiis and strafing bul-l p.ts swept railroad installations and factories on this fourth larg i i I caused the slightest ruffle the earthquake-recording seis-; mosranh.

GI'AM. Aug. Carl A. Spaatz announced todav that more I are in readiness to follow the "Lnola Gay" which dropped the fiit atomic bomb on the Japanese citv of Hiroshima with awesome explosive force. The S.

Army Strategic Air Fori" commander added that the atomic bombers would opera f'om L'O Air Force base in the Mart anas. To bom' from a'l questions as to how the is cart iei. how large it is or what altitude it was dropped. general said "no" finitely, or waved crisply and the query ai'ogetner. He told a news conference that force behind the single atomic tl bomb dropped on Hiroshima was the equivalent of the bombing power of Superfor's.

Spaatz, meeting. at tiie announced there of the ould 1 i By ARTHUR L. EDSON WASHINGTON. Aug. 7.

re, la as Slliv To enmn.ire an atomic' bomb explosion and an earthquake it is to stack an ant up against elephant. That's the opinion of the Rev. irerJerjck W. Sohon. S.J., director the seismograph observatory at Georgetown Cmversifv.

He savs has I "'at altho, ign man certainly "--ume a K-uve little fellow. No question nature still is of it. cha mp. Yesterday certainly was a try-dai'- The phone kept ringing tn rjennle ivartinc tn know "nether the atomic bomb On jour spismiwrsnh i t-gister- And the answer? Neither the prat tire bombing in ftew Mexico nor the attack vn n-u. nont-aetnwn seismogranh has been on the job 24 hours a day since 1022 and as far as Father Sohon can recall only twice have man-made commotions been recordedonce when piles were driven for a new building on the campus and once when piles were sunk in the near-by Potomac.

To his knowledge no seismograph ever has paid any heed to man and his operations more than 100 miles awav. He savs recorders at schools in the northeastern states, especially tuned for local disturbances so thev could chart previously unrecorded minor New England earthquakes, have picked up navy depth bombing 100 miles at sea. est city on kvushu. Logging instal lations proved particularly vulner-jwas the able to the jellied gasoline treat-! ment. i The enemy made a reprisal raid bv sending four planes on a pre-! daw attack on Okinawa Sunday, i One raider was destroyed and one probably was downed bv a Black Widow night fighter.

I i.