The Morning News from Wilmington, Delaware • Page 21

TWENTY-ONE WILMINGTON MORNING NEWS, WILMINGTON, DELAWARE, SATURDAY, jULY 30, 1955 U. S. Decision Opens Age of Space Travel, Willy Ley Declares Text of U. S. Scientists9 FLIGHT 10 i WEATHER DATA Noted Reich-Born Expert In Rockets Explains Plan (Willy Ley, German-born rocket expert, is one of the tuition best-known writers on interplanetary travel.

He has been a naturalized U. S. citizen for more than 10 years. His book, "Rocket Missiles and Space Travel," is considered the standard work on the subject.) CAMBRIDGE, July 29 (IP). Weather observation will the space travel yarns of science fiction.

be the most significant development stemming from projection of an earth-satellite into the stratosphere, an stro-physicist at The sponsors of the project, the National Science Foundation and the National Academy of Harvard said today. Weather observation facili ties have about reached their limit," Dr. John S. Rinehart, as sistant director of the Smithsonian Insitution's astrophysical observatory at Harvard, said. With this new development.

in time, we will be able to scan, the earth's surface in about an hour's time and so check weather conditions over the en Announcement of Project WASHINGTON, July 29 lid. The text of the National Science Foundation and National Academy of Sciences announcement, released through the White House, on the U. S. jatellite project: Plans for the construction of a small, unmanned, earth-circling satellite vehicle to be used for basic scientific observaions during the forthcoming International Geophysical Year were announced today by Detlev W. Bronk, president of the National Academy of Sciences, and Alan T.

Waterman, director of the National Science Foundation. The project, which is entirely scientific In nature, will be sponsored by these two organizations as part of the United States program of participation in the International Geophysical Year. Technical advice and assistance will be provided by the scientists of the Department of Defense who have long been engaged in research on the upper atmosphere. The Department of Defense will provide the required equipment and facilities for launching the satellite. The program for such a vehicle was stimulated by a resolution passed by the special committee for the International Geophysical Year (French abbreviation CSAG1) at its Rome meeting in October, 1954.

It is planned that the developmental work be complete in time for a successful launching during the International Geophyscial Year, which is a period set aside during 1957 and 1958 for world-wide observations in the fields of the earth sciences by some 40 nations. The planning for this period of intensive research on an international basis is under the sponsorship of the International Council of Scientific Union (ICSU) which established CSAGI to plan, organize, and direct the cooperative effort. Each participating country is planning and developing its own program for this period, and the results obtained will be made available to the scientists of the world. Observations Stressed In its resolution, the committee stressed the great importance of observations of extraterrestrial radiations and geophysical phenomena for extended periods of time. The committee's recommendation urged that participating nations give consideration to the construction of small satellite vehicles, instrumented to provide such data as may be feasible from outside the earth's atmosphere.

The chairman of the U. S. National Committee for the International Geophysical Year has formally notified the rv cieu COLTffEK SIM'S RJYS 1 3CLAH tlTWVICliT tire globe," he said. sciences, said in a joint state-national Geophysical Year, from! ment that observations of the satellites will "indicate the con-' ditions that would have to be met and the difficulties that would have to be overcome If the day comes when man goes beyond the earth's atmosphere in his travels." The satellite program is planned as part of this country's participation in the Inter-July, 1957, to December, 1953. Some 40 other nations, Russia among them, also will take part then in world-wide studies of the earth sciences.

It was in response to a resolution by the special committee for the International Geophysical Year, recommending that The announcement came us as a big surprise," Dr. Rinehart said. "We've been hoping for something like this for a long time." Dr. Rinehart said astro-phy sicists have been working on solar radiation problems 'for thought be given to "the launch about 35 years." "At present our research is being broadened to include tha effects of energy striking the earth's atmosphere," he said. Dr.

Rinehart has worked in the past on V-2 rocket experiments at White Sands, N. M. ing of small satellite vehicles. that the United States decided to go ahead with the satellite program. Joseph Kaplan, chairman of the U.

S. Committee for the Instruments to Be Sent BRUSSELS, Belgium, July 29 Geophysical Year, cabled Syd By WILLIE LEY An Told to The United Press HIGHLANDS, N. July 29 The artificial satellite announced today will be the first Hep Into space. Just as the first airplane led to more and bigger airplanes, the first artificial satellite will not be the only one. The first one Is likely to be small and comparatively simple and will be launched in such a way that It won't last long.

The one after that will no doubt be bigger, more elaborate and longer-lasting. The third or fourth may well carry a television camera to show us what the planet earth looks like when seen from space. By that time, a manned rocket ship will go Into an orbit around the earth and after that engineers will begin to plan manned space stations. In short, the decision to launch the first artificial unmanned satellite opens the age of space travel. Rocket experts have known since 1925 when they were very few in number that an artificial satellite was a technological possiblity but it needed the development of large liquid fuel rockets to convert this possibility into near reality.

In principle, the problem is not very difficult. If a rocket, or missile, is moving outside earth's atmosphere with the velocity of four and one-half miles per second, about three times as fajt as the fast missile has accomplished so far, it will not return to the ground. It Is by no means outside the earth's gravity but the speed of the missile and the gravitational pull of the earth, will balance each other. The curve described by the missile and the surface of the earth will form two concentric circles. Tight Spiral Orbit Seen Only if the missile is placed at a height where there is still a small amount of air resistance left, would it lose both speed and altitude.

In other words its orbit will not be a closed circle but a tight spiral and when it reaches sufficiently dense layers of the atmosphere it will burn up like a falling star. To put a missile into such an orbit will need what rocket engineers call a three-stage rocket, which means a rocket consist-ina of three sections all inde ney Chapman, president of the Special International Commit (jf). The earth satellite which tee, in Brussels, Belgium, last the United States expects to launch will carry 100 pounds of Wednesday that this country now has "definite plans for the scientific instruments, an official of the Geophysical Year International Committee said here today. launching of small satellites during the International Geo Prof. Marcel execu tive secretary of the committee, told a news conference: The satellite will be pushed wttimj nkcrdims mm ItJTCh to a height of about 14 miles by a rocket of the German V2 type.

A lighter one will boost it to its orbit for circling the earth. He said he based his Informa physical Year." What the satellites will look like, what they will be made of, whether they can carry instruments, where they will be launched those are some of the details government scientists said must be worked out in the months ahead. Even the cost of the program is uncertain. Dr. Alan T.

Waterman, director of the National Science Foundation, told reporters the "preliminary, rough estimate is something on the order of $10,000,000." He indicated the project would be financed with funds already authorized for U. S. participation in the International Geophysical W) Wirephoto CUTAWAY DRAWING OF ONE SPACE SATELLITE IDEA This is an idea of an earth satellite as advanced by Prof. S. F.

Singer of the University of Maryland, who conceived an aluminum sphere about two feet in diameter, weighing 100 pounds or so with most of the weight consisting of equipment and instruments to measure cosmic rays, solar ultraviolet and x-rays. tion on a letter from the U. S. National Committee of the Geophysical Year, Space Permits Raise Question WASHINGTON. July 29 W).

secrets and Information on i I I sky platform obtained in 1947. XCCQTU iVCLlSBS KSBQXCh Thnn in 194!) a rnntinp annual president of CSAGI that the United States program of participation no Includes definite plans for the launching of small satellites during that period. The atmosphere of the earth acts as a huge shield against many of the types of radiation and objects that are found in outer space. It protects the earth from things which are known to be or might be harmful to human life, such as excessive ultra-violet radiation, cosmic rays, and those solid particles known as meteorites. At the same time, however, it deprives man of the opportunity to observe many of the things that could contribute to a better understanding of the universe.

In order to acquire data that are presently unobtainable, It is most important that scientists be able to place instruments outside the earth's atmosphere in such a way that they can make continuing records of the various properties about which information is desired. Rocket Flights Limited In the past vertical flights to extreme altitudes have provided some of the desired information, but such flights are limited to very short periods of time. Only by the use of a satellite can sustained observations in both space and time be achieved. Such observations will also indicate the conditions that would have to be met and the difficulties that would have to be overcome, if the day comes when man goes beyond the earth's atmosphere in his travels. The satellite itself will orbit around the earth for a period of days, gradually circling back into the upper atmosphere where it will eventually disintegrate harmlessly.

The National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, which represents the interests of United States Scientists in the International Council of Scientific Unions, is responsible for development of the scientific program to be undertaken by this country during the International Geophysical Year. The Academy-Research Council established the U. S. National Committee for the International Geophysical Year, composed of leading American scientists, to plan and carry out the International Geophysical Year program. This committee is assisted by 12 technical panels dealing with the various phases of the program of which the earth satellite is a part.

Special federal appropriations being made In support of United States participation in the International Geophysical Year are being administered by the National Science Foundation which is coordinating government interests in the overall program. The government's plans to send Aim. Recalls Dad's Work satellites hurtling around the Year. 1 contained a single unexplained! 7 Today's announcement. earth raised this legal question today: Will this country have to get permission from all foreign Waterman said has a dual sig-' phrase saying his department was "It Is of the greatest Interest that the government is spend- iconducting "earth satellite Ing money for pure scientific research which has little practical nificance: countries over which the space-borne basketballs will fly? studies." value at the present time," Donald L.

Piccard, son of the famous Historic Announcement balloonist. Prof. Jean Piccard, said yesterday. Today, Hagerty passed word he Mr' tP'ccard- who livf a Brookside, was commenting last would have an announcement of on the announcement made thic wnrrf yesterday that the United States, unknown, he said. Sometimes.

"1. We regard the project as feasible. "2. We can put a time schedule on it 1937-58." Russia, for example, gets mad if an American plane comes near its borders. It has fre quently charged U.

S. craft with Waterman said exploratory it rtoai itu Government will build man-made he added, the scientist himself work with rockets, which have i rnro! satellites. doesn't know what hes looking pendently powered. As the fuel supply of the stage becomes exhausted the second stage will take over, leaving the burned Pure research, the search after icdnii-u uciS1.l in -uu and at various press rooms Linked to Balloon supports the confidence that; around town, violating Us air space and sometimes has opened fire. The earth satellites will fly a lot higher than any plane 200 or 300 miles up.

International law experts at the State Department were asked just how high up a nation's sovereignty extends and Some of the information such satellites noi yei may Blueprinted can be launched by the end of 1958. knowledge for its own sake, is one of the things which has made this country great, Mr. Piccard added. He pointed out that though such knowledge may not For the official, historic announcement, half a hundred re- nnrtnr anH nhnlAPranhpn "We know how much energy: crammcd lnto the reception room it takes, the Dower reauired to nr rfi tv, jnnn. seem to have immediate appli satellites could collect would be the sort of Information earlier collected by a balloon, Mr.

Piccard said. The satellite would have the advantage that it would be fixed in height and would be much higher, floating at an alti- hirlA OMA ni inn milne Inctnari do it," he said. a.e closed, a rule laid down -cations, i is sooner or later Unlike rockets, which go; ahead of time that nobody could lo 5 Research Top Factor That the government will spend mrtnflir An nnro rocnai-nh ia iHo of 14.7 miles, the height reached Just after the war, is now a salcs; whether the U. S. will have to get permits from other countries before it can launch the satellites.

The experts begged off answering this definitely. They suggested that at 18,000 miles an hour the estimated speed of the satellites the border violation, if any, would be very fleeting. man for the Colonial Chevrolet Company. most important aspect of yester- ft human, in a balloon, or over out first stage behind. A minute or so later the same performance will be repeated by a third stage which will leave the second stage behind.

Only the third stage will reach space, the first two will fall to the ground or more precisely into the ocean where they will do no harm. There are various types of rockets and take-off boosters in existence right now which could be combined into a three-stage rocket capable of going fast enough. The important thing, however, is not the third stage going into space, but the pay-load carried by the third stage. This so-called payload will be a package of instruments, all of them hooked up with an automatic radio transmitter fo that the messages from the in straight up and come straight! leave early, and Hagerty Intro-down, the satellites would be' duccd the six officials of the TJa-pushed to the necessary height tional Science Foundation and by rockets, then would require the National Academy of Sci-a side thrust to get them up ences flanking him. to 18,000 miles an hour andj "On behalf of the President," start them on their orbits Hagerty said, "I am now an- AIRCRAFT, MISSILES I STOCKS POST RISE NEW YORK, July 29 The "satellite" group rose today on the stock market as Wall Street tnolc nn rhanees day's announcement, according'" to Mr.

Piccard. by balloon without men. "That we can do this is not DUTCH ASTRONOMER SEES ROCKET TO MOON around the earth. nouncing that the President has news, but that we are going to approved plans by this country! do it is news," he said. He added Mr.

Piccard said that the military use of such a device Is undoubtedly very considerable. Scientists in many, many fields would find it interesting, he added. As an example, he men UTRECHT, Holland, July 29, Brokers bought stocks in nearly INS. Dr. M.

G. J. Minnaert, lead' Must Offset Gravity That speed is considered necessary to offset the pull of from the earth. Too much for going ahead with the launch-that scientists have known for ing of small, unmanned, earth- some time that artificial man-circling satellites as part of the' made satellites are possible. U.

S. participation in the lnter-1 Once scientists learn how to ing Dutch astronomer, said today that creation of an artificial tioned the astronomer, Fr man vonr. nctrnnnmnrc I Satellite SUCh 3S that planned by speed, something on the order all companies that might build, power or launch space ships without knowing exactly who was going to do what. The "satellite" news enlivened an otherwise eatier, quiet market as buying spurted national Geophysical Year, which launch satellites, it takes only 111,1 oc nnn struments can be received on tTTho i takes place between July, bit more to get an object out keep them going into space. and Deeember, 1958.

of the atmosphere." Mr. Piccard "JL'U0!" "This program will for the1 said. The day of space travel have made spectrographs of jthe United States would be an planets in order to determine important preparation lor send-what they are composed of. jinS a et to the moon. Whpn this in done.

it. is alwavs Minnaert said the technical Forrestal Told Of Rocket Work WASHINGTON, July 29 The first official disclosure that the United States was working on an earth satellite program was made Dec. 29, 1948, by the late James V. Forrettal in his first report as defense secretary. At that time he wrote: "The earth satellite vehicle the ground even though the rocket is unmanned.

These instruments will tell the stocks that had anything to UH1' first time in history enable sci-imay not be far away. LSnilentists throughout the world to This sort of thing takes enor ground station or stations to power is expected to be needed, make sustained observations in the side thrust. to supply done through the earth's atmo- difficulties to be overcome before; do with aircrr.fi, missiles, atomic sphere. It is difficult to know the satellite becomes a rcalityienergy or related subjects, how accurately the spectro- are enormous especially if sci- Among the stocks which paced graph shows the composition of entists intend to place observers market were General Dy-a body in sDace. Ion the satellite.

He added. (nuclear submarines and hat extent the skin of the mis' I the regions beyond the earth's -v il 1 I 1 1 mous sums of money, "more than you or I can realize," he added, emphasizing again that the big stumbling block is not the limitations of man's mind, ,7 "atmosphere sile is heated by the sun. When the missile enters the shadow of the earth as it must on its Program For All Nations iiiLMiiutrr ul me u. vuuiuuutrc for the Geophysical Year, said Could Aid Spectrographs lever, that such an undertaking, t-onvair aircraiu, up 3'j points; "The President expressed per- revnlutintu arnunrf thi nlanpt'that if a satellite is basketball but the limits of the money he I Suggesting the possibility of is within the reach of possibility. 'airplanes- and wishes to spend.

taking spectrographs from man-l Minnaert declared the satellite U1 than the instruments will report how size, "you could perhaps barely gratification that the Men tan Travel Too made satellites, Mr. Piccard V-miiH nnnn un wider fields in quickly this skin temperature see it at twilight with the naked! American program will provide drops. The instruments will re- eye certainly you could see it. the scientists of all nations with nort the number of cosmic ravs with binoculars." In important and unique oppor- Once it Is possible to get ob-' pointed out that little of theiastronom'y. (atomic energy power plants), up more than 2.

jects outside tne eartn aunospnere wouia oe De- hitting the missile and will re-1 Like the moon, it would for the advancement of tionai jf, oniy another step tween the spectrograph and the SCIENTIST SAYS MAN program, is being carried out independently by each military service, was assigned to the committee on guided missiles for coordination. To provide an integrated program with resultant elimination of duplication, the committee recommended that current efforts in this field be limited to studies and component designs; well-defined areas of such research have been allocated to each of the three military departments." CARDINAL ENTERTAINED MONTEVIDEO, Uruguay. Julv TO CRAWL INTO SPACE WASHINGTON, July. 29 (W. How long will it be before man 29 ilfl.

Francis Cardinal Spell-man of New York was enter- poii. me nnpaci oi parucics oi.ueci ukiu uum uie sum. u0 sending man along, Mr. Pic- oDject ot examination, cosmic dust. (Larger meteorites Scientists would observe it Dr.

S. Douglas Cornell, exec-lcard ihdicated. "If you can do There Is a good possibility are too rare to worry about.) with telescopes and electronics; ut've officer of the academy, said it wittl a he said, that satellites will be launched At least the first of the artifi- equipment. that observations will be passed; -you can do it with men." from rockets, and that the rock- cial satellites will be placed low Spilhaus said a satellite mayIl around the earth, to every Askcd the overall worth' ets will be launched from bal-enough so that there is a little! or may not carry instruments, n.ition, Each nation, he said, a satellite would be for man's1 loons. air resistance left to slow it but even if it can't a lot of, will be informed of the orbits' progress Mr.

Piccard quoted! If this is so, Mr. Piccard said. ained at lunch today by Presl- himself follows earth satellites dent and Mrs. Louis Battle into outer space? Berres flown, scientists are interested valuable information can ne oo-iana ne ixequency on which theithe answer of Benjamin Frank-1 he would feel gratified that his Dr. Atneinan r.

rpunaus on satellites will broadcast, if itiin to the question: What good! father's balloon had pointed the the executive committee of the is possioie io equip mem to do balloon? Answering the wS vS' hae' little'to do with "..7 WASHINGTON, July 29 (IP). lites that will be fired into space An FBI spokesman said today! in 1957.53. The only connec-that Director J. Edgar Hoover Hon the estahlishmpnt nuw quiLKiy giows on sucn mauers as we berause that is an indication of density of the upper atmos-the amount of air left at a height phere. of say 200 miles.

I in Brussels, the executive way. In any case, the strato-IU. b. National commiuee ior spheric balloon flights of 20 the International Geophysical years ago undoubtedly laid the! Year, was asked this question question, Franklin asked: Possibly, he said, thev will h5Ki' II not fcwuw to Mu today. has declined an offer to become! will have with the operation will way for the present research.

Mr. Piccard, who earlier took ii me missne is put into an. secretary of tne ueopnysicar anie 10 listen to signals that will The same is true of the satel-orbit that goes over the poles or Year International Committee, tell the brightness of the sun'iite Mr Piccard explained It very near the poles its path will prof. Marcel Nicolet, told a in upper space, the intensity of a device for looking into the His reply: "You should crawl: police commissioner of New; be to shoot the satellites to the Vork City. part In balloon research until! in space before you fly." 'upper atmosphere by rocket.

Earth -Circling Satellite Can Be Seen, Expert Says uy news conierence a u. a. saici-i uuid-viuii-i ana cosmic rays, and bulge around the equator, where hte will carry 100 pounds of the density of the atmosphere, the earth is somewhat bigser scientific instruments. He said. While the military has been than from pole to pole.

That this! 3 rocket of the German V2 type working on satellites, Hagerty will happen can be predicted but Win carry the satellite to about; and the official announcement scientists to know the do- 14 miieSi then a smaller one i emphasized that on the present gree of disturbance. Knowing will take over, project, the Defense Department this precisely will give us a bet- Nicoiet said this Information1 will provide only technical ad-ler idea of the exact shape of iwas oased on a letter from the vice and the equipment and the earth. The artificial satellite! Geophysical Year Com-facilities for satellite launching. WASHINGTON, July 29 df.lt the government gets a basket ball-sized satellite to circling the earth you will be able to see it. "You could perhaps barely see it at twilight with the naked mittee, AECStructure eye certainly you could see it with binoculars," Dr.

Athclstan F. Spilhaus said. Here In Washington, Hagerty told a special news conference, attended by officials of the National Science Foundation and To Resist Bombs As is the moon, the satellite would be illuminated by the sun. Dr. Spilhaus is a member ol' scientific accomplishment, but its main Importance will be that it will be followed by others.

And after that, in time, there will be a manned artificial satellite and eventually travel through space. Satellites- Csntlnufd Frtm t'lrnt Fl the U. S. National Committee for-; the International Geophysical Once it gets on Its orbit, he year. I said, it can't be controlled or National Academy of Scienccs, WASHINGTON, July 29 (W that President Eisenhower had The Atomic Energy Commis-not discussed the satellite pro- Sion revealed today it will buiid gram with the Russians at the a $10,000,000 H-bomb resistant Geneva Conference last week, headquarters building near Ger-He said there was no reason 23 miles from He and other scientists at the stopped or the orbit changed.

since Russia belongs to the Geo Washington. for the anouncement of might lead to improved weather forecasting and improved radio physical Year organization. Radio Moscow said several months ago that the Russians have set up a commission to "It was determined," the AEC said, "that the location and the type of buildings to be constructed would afford reason transmission. planned satellites answered with h.J. a chorus of "yes" when a re- nP1'ed tnat tne have been porter asked It the anouncement newspaper reports that Russia meant "we are capable ot put-l's considering a civilian project ting up the satellite." I 1 hn rtnt Alan tv ft tS Scientists taking part In the able protection against blast ef- program said that little is send out a satellite of tneir own Renorts have been filtering fects of a thermonuclear weaDon Dr.

Man T. Waterman, dircc- 'a nt into this country from assorted in event of attack on Washina- sources that the Russians have ton and also permit quick ac- known about the regions beyond the earth's close-down, denser atmospheric layers, which act as a partial shield against light, ultra-violet rays and cosmic rays from outer space, as tor of the Nat anal Sc. altitude flights exceeding the the annuoncement is twofold: stepped up this program. icess to tne congress and the The Soviets reportedly have executive branch of the govern develoncd a powerful rocket ment." HI II IIHC rinu, ii. ill.

All uin. "1. We regard this as feasible. a two.stace rocket lendne with 2G0.000 pounds of The commission said the well as meteorites, "2. we can put a time UScd.

The velocity reached If thev can eet a better under- thrust at sea level. That Is five building, authorized by Con- standing of solar radiation, by times as much as the Germans gress, probably will be a three-use ot the satellites, they may: nroduced for the first sub- story reinforced concrete struo ule on It 1957-58." The scientists said the satellite could be tracked by telescopes, and by some radio means if it can be packed with was in the neighborhood of 5,000 miles an hour. The satellite operation will differ from a rocket project in this respect: A rocket goes straight up and rnmes straicht down, the scien- be able to relate It to weather, Stratosphere V2 rockets with ture on a site of at least 50 and climate. Radiations from which they struck England in acres, "onstruction is expected the sun disturb radio communi- World War II. I to start early next spring with ration, md sreater knowlertjp This country has been looking completion in the fall of 1957, Dr.

Waterman Indicated that of them mav lead to corrective Into the possibility of perfecting AEC headquarters are now probably the main reliance will tista said. The satellite will go be on use of telescopes by and also sideways to get it measures Is.itolHtps for at least nine in what was the Public Health JT) Wlrnphoto DURING SATELLITE CONFERENCE. There Is talking and listening and conferring as scientists discuss plans for the first man-made satellite, left to rights James Hagerty, presidential press secrelary; Dr. Douglas Cornell, Dr. Alan Shapley, and Dr.

Athel-stan F. Spilhaus. The first Inkling of the expiora-service Dunaing ociore worm Fiction May Be Reality world's scientists. into its orbit and up to speed linns rame a 1951 trial at war 11. nas anamonai ot- The big experiment may sup- Should Stay For Days of 18.000 miles-an-hour at the A satellite, he said, should proper height plv farts that will be helpful which David Greenglass testified nces in a numoer 01 temporary, eventually In turning into reality he slipped Russian agents atomic war-built structures..