Skip to main content
The largest online newspaper archive

Redlands Daily Facts from Redlands, California • Page 6

Location:
Redlands, California
Issue Date:
Page:
6
Extracted Article Text (OCR)

6 Aug. 14, 1963 Redlands Daily Facts Spahn fourth beats game Dodgers in a row MILWAUKEE (UPI) Gone are the days when the Dodgers could boast of repeatedly beating Warren Spahn. Back in BroQkljTi days with the righthanded power of hitters like Gil Hodges, Roy Campanella, Carl Furillo and Jackie Robinson, Spahn was not a hard pitcher to beat. But the Dodgers have less power at the plate now and the venerable Braves pitcher is as strong as ever as he demonstrated Tuesday night by going all the way in a 4-3 Milwaukee win over Los Angeles. Spahn has beaten the Dodgers four consecutive times.

Not only that, but the 42-ycar- old hurler struck out five gers to give him the indisputed lead in career strikeouts for major league pitchers. The southpaw upped his total to 2,383 by striking out Bob Miller twice. Bill Skowron, Dick Tra- cewski and Al Ferrara. Dodger starter Johnny Podres didn't have it Tuesday night, exiting in the first inning after getting only one man out and allowing three runs on three walks and two singles. Miller hurled well in relief yielding only three hits and two walks but a sacrifice fly in the eighth inning gave Milwaukee the win after the Dodgers had tied it up 3-3.

Willie Davis drove in two Dodger runs in the fourth with a triple. The third run came home in the on a sacrifice fly by John Roseboro. Maury Wills, Tommy Davis (who wore glasses at bat Tuesday night) and Frank Howard each collected two hits, and the team outhit Milwaukee 9-5, but Spahn was able to stop the Dodgers when necessary. Because the Giants also lost, the Dodger league lead remained at four games. But third-place St.

Louis moved to within five games and fourth-place Cincinnati advanced to 6' 2 games behind. Don Drysdale, 15-12, goes for Los Angeles tonight against rookie Bob Sadowski, who is 1-5. Sadowski's one victory, however, was an effective job against the Dodgers. He also pitched well in losing an earlier game to them. Rookie shuts out Cleveland Lopei says Yanks still can be overtaken A HIT IN EVERY WAY TUB assr AT LBASTZS charges ground Angels finally win one, defeat Senafors 4-3 LOS ANGELES (UPI) -A one- gaine "winning streak" may not be much to build on, but the Los Angeles Angels already are looking ahead to a possible fifth place finish in the American League.

For a team that lost seven straight prior to Tuesday nighfs 4-3 victory over the Washington Senators, it would seem to be a dream rather than a goal to he realized. After all, the Angels are in eighth a few percentage points ahead of Detroit. But the Angels, who sent Dean Chance against Claude Ostccn in tonight's Chavez Ravine contest, only trail fifth-place Baltimore by four games in the jam which clogs the middle of the American League. JIanager Bill Rigney, smiling spontaneously for the first time in a week after Tuesday night's game, agreed the Angels have a shot at fifth if they play above .500 ball in the remaining 40 games. But injuries to Jim Piersall, out at least a week, the indefinite status of Fred Newman and a slump which has befallen Leon Wagner cloud hopes Los Angeles may hold for better things in this disappointing season.

At least in Tuesday night's game, the Angel bad for the past two better. Lee Thomas, for instance, got a single to left when he tried to avoid a pitch and the ball glanced off his bat. There was more talent than luck, though, on the parts of shortstop Don Fregosi, pitcher Don Lee and second baseman Bill Moran, not to mention a "telegraph" bunter, by the name of Bob Sadowski. Fregosi contributed a clutch single that gave the Angels a 3-1 lead in the seventh inning, and then leaped high to spear Don Lock's line drive in the eighth with two senators on base. Lee, called into starting service because Newman's cut hand still wasn't completely healed, didn't allow a walk in seven full innings although the Senators got some good most effective being Don Zimmer's solo homer in the second into the left field seats.

It was the former Dodger's eighth of the year. It was Lee's sixth win. Moran collected three hits, including an eighth inning double that forced Pete Burnside from the mound in the eighth. Ronnie Kline then threw a wild pitch to allow Jloran to reach third. Sadowski, a pinch batter, made an obvious bunting gesture to indicate an upcoming squeeze.

The Angels, and Senators, all knew what was Sadowski laid down the perfect bunt and Moran easily scored. Next year's NCAA program includes two new events SAN FRANCISCO (UPI) A national championship indoor track meet and small college regional football championships both for 1964 are part of the NCAA's new program, the NCAA Executive Committee disclosed Tuesday. The 10-member committee ended its annual summer meeting with the announcement that there would be three NCAA regional indoor track championships next Feb. 28. They will be held in Portland, Louisville, and Lubbock, Tex.

Winners will meet at Milwaukee March 13-14 in the finals. In 1964, football championships in the college division will be decided by games in at least three and perhaps four regions early in December. Those games will end the competition, a spokesman said, and there will be no national championship playoff. The teams will be named by selection comit tees. Only 120 of the 419 e- bers playing football are in the so-called university division.

The rest arc in the college division covered by Tuesday's announce- cnt. 'SCRUBS 426 arrested for fishing without license Fishing without a licence ac counted for nearly two-thirds of the total violations of fish and game laws during the month of July in Southern California and the Inyo-Mono area, the Department of Fish and Game reported today. DFG wardens cited 426 persons angling in ocean and inland waters without that inexpensive but all-important slip of paper in their "possession. In all, 669 persons were prosecuted by the Department during July, a sharp increase over the 555 in the same month last year. The offenders paid $13,069 in fines levied by the courts, spent nine days in jail and had 35 jail days suspended.

Second leading violation during the month was angling with more than one rod, with 80 persons caught in the act. CLUB EYES HORNUNG COLUMBIA, Pa (UPI) Paul Homung, now on suspension from the National Football League for betting on his own team, can have a job with the Columbia Raiders if he wants it. The semi-pro club wrote the former Green Bay star Tuesday, inviting him "to come to Columbia to discuss a contract." At Empire Bowl: City League High Game Bob Phelps 225, Series Phil Quishenberry 604. 200 Club John Hughes 215, Art Vock 208, Gordon Clements 210, Bob Phelps 225, Marion Burk 212, Philip (juisenberry 223. Standings: United Citrus 28-11, American Furniture 26-13, Sunset Tile 26-13, Yucaipa 408's 24-15, Spreson's Eng.

21-18, The Boys 18-21, Harlow's Appliance 18-21, Economy Bldg. Maint. 19-22, Mc Anally's 19-22, AleyCats 14-25, Ci. tation Const. 13-26, Micro Lube 13-26.

Tuesday Mornina Ladies High Game Frances Delaney 197, Series Francis Bethurum 517. Final Standings: Electronics 24-25, Spare Timers 23-19, Cheek, mates 22-20, Pm Wins 20-20, The Hopefuls 21-21, Splitniks All Stars 19-23, Ten Pins 17 At Tri City Bowl: Tuesday Mixed High Game M. Anderson and B. Peters 212, A. Gabbart 172.

Series B. Peters 601, Ann Gabbart 477. 200 Club M. Anderson 212, B. Peters 212, J.

Hedlund 201. Standings: Tri City Terrors 43 17, Hillbillies 37-23, The Closvns 29-31, Team Five 28-32, Four G's 22-38, The Hopefuls 21-39. No doubt now about Spahn's record Orange county reefs approved The names and locations have been changed somewhat but two proposed artificial fishing reefs off the coast of Orange County finally got the green light from California's Wildlife Conservation Board at its meeting August 8 in San Francisco. One year ago the WCB allocated $6,600 for an artificial reef mile offshore from South Laguna to be named the Aliso Canyon Reef and $6,600 for a reef Ihi- miles off Newport Harbor to be named Las Trancas Reef. After local authorities objected to the locations, more suitable sites were found north of the original sites.

The two reefs will now be named Huntington Beach North Reef and Huntington Beach South Reef. MOVES rNTO MAJORS CINCINNATI, Ohio (UPI) Bill Williams, a 32-year-oId umpire who has been working in the International League, will replace injured Jocko Conlan in the National League. Conlan will be side-lined for an indefinite period because of a spur on his left heel. NOMINATED FOR JUG DELAWARE, Ohio (UPI) A record number of 870 yearling By United Press Warren Spahn did it simply to satisfy the sticklers and keep them from claiming he was lousing up the record book. The 42-year-old Milwaukee southpaw settled a two-week-long debate Tuesday night when he officially became the all-time left- handed strikeout king of the major leagues with a career total of 2,383.

Spahn achieved the milestone by striking out five batters in a 4-3 victory over the Los Angeles that represented his 14th triumph of the season and the o4Ist of his career. In a manner of speaking, Spahn had been walking around with an asterisk since July 29 when he fanned five Cincinnati batters and brought his strikeout total to 2,378. Some said that total made him the new all-time left-handed strikeout king, but others said it didn't. Rube Waddell, former southpaw for the Philadelphia A's, was the cause of the argument. Two separate record books listed Waddell's strikeout total at 2,375.

Other books listed his total as 2,381. Spahn took care of all the books Tuesday night when he got losing pitcher Bob Miller on a called third strike in the seventh inning for the strikeout of his career. His final strikeout victim was pinch hitter Al Ferrara, who ended the game. Idle Two Weeks An attack of tendonitis had kept Spahn idle since that July 29 con test and in his first game back Tuesday night he scattered nine hits. The Braves nicked Dodger starter Johnny Podres for three runs in the first inning and Denis Menke's sacrifice fly in the eighth inning produced the winning run after Los Angeles had tied the score.

Jim Maloney won his Igth for the Reds with a two-hitter against the Giants. Frank Robinson hit his 17th homer with one on and Vada Pinson his 13th with a man aboard off Juan Marichal. The defeat was Marichal's sixth against 18 victories. Mayi Plays Short Singles by Harvey Kuenn and Felipe Alou were the only hits off Maloney, who turned in his fifth shutout. One of the features of the game was Willie Mays' shift to shortstop from center field in the eighth inning.

It was the first time he had played any other position but center field since entering the Willie said later he didn't think he would ever play shortstop again. He had no chances at his new position. Ken Boyer drove in three runs with a bases-loaded double in the first inning and Ernie Broglio scattered eight hits in the Cardi victory over the Colts. Al Spangler's first-inning homer put Houston ahead temporarily but Broglio gave up only one more run the remainder of the way for his 13th victory in 21 decisions. Bob Bruce was the loser.

By MILTON RICHMAN UPI Sports Writer There's a fellow in Chicago who says the Yankees can still be overtaken. His name is Al Lopez, his White Sox have won 15 of their last 20 games and his feeling is "a lot of things can happen in seven weeks." Something happened Tuesday night that made Lopez even more optimistic. One of his rookie pitchers. Dave DeBusschere, hurled his first complete game in (he mijors and his first shutout in beating the Cleveland Indians, 3-0. The victory boosted the second- place White Sox S'i games behind the rained-out Yankees and although that still leaves a lot of hay to be mown, Lopez refuses to concede.

"We still have a chance," he insists. "The Yankees have a good ball dub but they're not infallible. I remember a Dodger club that had a 13-game lead and lost." DeBusschere heightened Lopez' hopes with a steady effort that earned him his third victory against four losses. The White Sox collected only five hits off loser Jim (Mudcat) Grant and Early Wynn. Nellie Fox had a double and two singles, driving in one run and scoring another.

In other American League tion, Baltimore mauled Minnesota, 6-1, Kansas City downed Detroit, 4-2, and Los Angeles nipped Washington, 4-2. Rain washed out the Yankees-Red Sox contest. Southpaw Steve Barber won his I6th for the Orioles by striking out 10 Twin batters and scattering eight hits. The only run off Barber was Harmon Killebrew's 27th homer in the eighth inning. John Orsino clipped loser Stick Stigman (12-11) for his 12th homer and Boog Powell belted his 20th off reliever Bay Moore in the ninth.

Errors by pitcher Jim Bunning and first baseman Norm Cash helped the Athletics to three unearned runs that beat the Tigers. Bunning, who suffered his 12th defeat in 20 decisions although he gave up only five hits in seven innings, dropped the ball during a fifth-inning rundown and Cash's throwing error in the eighth provided the A's with their last two runs. Reliever Ted Bowsfield was credited with his fifth win aginst six losses. The Angels ended a seven-game losing streak with their victory over the Senators. Billy Jloran, who had three hits, scored the winning run in the eighth after he doubled, moved to third on a wild pitch and came home on Bob Sadowski's squeeze bunt Don Lee (6-8) was the winner and Don Rudolph (7-13) the loser.

Don Zimmer hit his seventh homer for Washington. Power to be installed at Niland marina Night fishermen at the Salton Sea got a real break when California's Wildlife Conservation Board, meeting August 8 in San Francis CO, approved a $5,875 project to install power and build two load ing piers and tie-up facilities at the Niland Alarina. Already heavily used since its completion on May 5, 1962, the WCB-built marina is expected to become even more popular when power for lights and other purposes is installed. During the hot summer months many anglers prefer to fish at night, when temperatures are more moderate. The two loading piers, each 5 by 30 feet, are necessary to facilitate launching and loading of boats.

The tie-ups are for convenience and safety of boat users while they are preparing to retrieve their boats. Ocean fishing OCE.ANSIDE boats, 211 anglers: 48 albacore, 475 barracuda, 422 bass, 851 bonito, 1 yellowtail, 143 halibut, 46 white sea bass. S.AN DIEGO: Pt. Loma, Fisherman's 22 boats, 415 anglers: 122 yellowtail, 1573 albacore. PEDRO: Norm's Landing Five boats, 2(M anglers: 17 albacore, 1 bluefin tuna, 1 yellowtail, 29 barracuda, 629 bonito, 52 halibut, 1,221 calico bass, 10 bottom fish.

NEWPORT BEACH: Balboa Pavilion and Seasport Landing Three boats, 96 anglers: 58 albacore, 16 halibut, 401 bonito, 7 barracuda, 76 bass. LONG BEACH: Pacific Landing Four boats, 125 anglers: 24 bluefin tuna, 3 yellowtail, 16 barracuda, 61 halibut, 300 calico bass, 250 bonito. Pierpoint Landing Nine boats, 364 anglers: 11 albacore, 76 barracuda, 621 bonito, 906 bass, 1 yellowtail, 87 halibut, 10 bluefin tuna. Standardbreds have been nominated for the 1965 Little Brown Jug, the 20th annual classic for 3 -year-old pacers. Buffalo Bills complete unusual trade By United Press International The Buffalo Bills completed an unusual trade Tuesday in which they acquired an offensive end but lost a defensive counterpart.

The first half of the trade was accomplished in orthodox fashion as the Bills obtained flanker Bill Miller from the Kansas City Chiefs but the deal was equalized when Jim Moss, a rookie standout from South Carolina, was mobilized by a broken ankle in a team scrimmage. Miller, a former All-America at Miami now in his second year in the American Football League, caught 23 passes for the chiefs last season as a flanker back but will be used as a split end in the Bills' alignment. Moss probably will remaui in drydock for the entire season. The Denver Broncos, swamped with a surplus of 57 players, axed seven, including former Wisconsin All-America quarterback Ron Miller. In addition to Jliller, who saw limited service with the Los Angeles Rams last year, others receiving pink slips were Bob Winston Freeman, Tom Gates, Sam Smith, Charlie Tidwell and Ray Pinion, all rookies.

The Chiefs also did some house cleaning, slicing their squad to 44 with the release of Sam Leonard, a rookie defensive end from Wiley College while the New York Jets moved in the opposite direction when coach Weeb Ewbank added two players from the Baltimore Colts halfback. Bob Clemens and tackle Winston Hill. The Detroit Lions sold rookie Karl Kassulke to Minnesota, and the Baltimore Colts reduced their squad to 48 by asking waivers on guard Bill Kirchiro and offensive end Dee Mackey. RIDES FOUR WINNERS SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y.

(UPI) Bob Ussery, the leading jockey at the current meeting just as he was at Aqueduct, booted" home four more winners at Saratoga Monday. Ussery scored with Restless Nativ ($3.60) in the second race, Pertinax ($25.40) in the fifth, Lous Hildy ($7.20) in the sixth and Guyna Rhig ($11.40) in the ninth. Yerdieck in charge of Davis Cup ballboys University of Redlands tennis coach Jim Verdieck is in charge of the ballboys for the up and coming U. S. Davis Cup American zone matches against Mexi CO at the Los Angeles Tennis club.

Ron Bohrnstedt, a member of the Redlands high Terrier net team and Doug Verdieck a student at Redlands junior high will both be members of the ballboy troupe for the Cup matches. Practice sessions were held today and another one is slated for tomorrow, coach Verdieck staled. "I guess you could call me the Captain of the Ballboys, they just asked me if I would do it and I said This is the first time that Davis Cup tennis competition has been slated for Los Angeles. The three day series will start Friday with the first two singles at 1:30 p.m. The doubles contest is slated for Saturday and the concluding two singles tests on Sunday.

Exactly which players will represent their country in the opening two singles matches will be determined at the official draw ceremonies tomorrow at 2 p.m. The two captains, Robert J. Kelleher of the U. S. and Francisco Contreras of Mexico need not name their doubles combination until an hour before the Saturday match.

The two teams have been on the scene for intensive practice for ten days and all the players have displayed brilliant tennis. The U. S. squad members are Chuck McKinley, St. Ann, Dennis Ralston, Bakersfield, Arthur Ashe, Richmond, Va.

and Martin Riessen, Evanston. 111. Veteran pro star Pancho Gonzales is the V. S. team coach.

Standout on the Mexican team has been flashy Rafael Osuna, who was a teammate of Ralston on the use national collegiate team this spring. Osnna and teammate Antonio Palafox are currently recognized as the world's top amateur doubles team, having won the Wimbledon title. Contreras, the playing-captain, and Juan Arredondo round out the Mexican squad. Although all four members of each team are eligible to play, Osuna and Palafox are expected to carry the load for Mexico while McKinley and Ralston will likely see all the action for the U. S.

McKinley is the Wimbledon singles champ. The American contingent will be out for revenge, as it lost for the first time to the Mexicans last year in Mexico City, three matches to two. Previously, the United states had won IS straight dating back to 1924. After their precedent-setting win over the Americans last year, Mexico defeated Yugoslavia, Sweden and India to gain the challenge round against Australia but lost out, 5-0. While both captains Kelleber and Contreras have consistently expressed confidence in victory, each concedes it will be as closely contested as the last two meetings.

In 1961 it was the U. S. which prevailed, 3-2, This match is particularly crucial because the survivor is granted a grand chance of going all the way to the challenge round and possibly wresting the coveted Davis Cup from Australia, which has won it every year since 1959. Terry Baker's knows what right hand eft is (doing By MURRAY OLOERMAN Newspaper Enterprise Assn. CHICAGO, III.

(NEA) The amazing thing about Terry Baker is that if some oversized ape inflicts muscular damage on his left, or passing arm, he might still be making a living with his right, or throwing arm. That's not a contradiction. In football uniform, he's a southpaw and the future quarterback of the Los Angeles Rams. Put him in baseball duds on the pitcher's mound, and he's as orthodox in his motion as President Kennedy throwing out the first ball. As the No.

1 draft signee of the National Football League (not to mention the fact he was also cov eted by the American Football League), Baker's choice of career merits some attention. He could have played pro basketball. When he got through strik ing out high school batters, he could have tucked a 10-grand bonus in his socks instead of pursuing higher education at Oregon State. Instead, he'll collect something like $100,000 over the next three years from the Los Angeles Rams. And he might not do much to earn it, for traditionally a fledgling quarterback is nursed carefully in professional football.

Baseball got sidetracked because once Terry got immersed the routine of varsity football, with its heavy time demands in the spring, he had no time to perfect his pitching talents. "I'm not sure I was much good, either," he shrugs. "After my junior year, I knew it was going to be pro football, and I concentrated on having a good senior season." He concentrated so hard he won) Teay Baker the Heisman Award as the finest collegian in the country. The fact that only one lefthand- ed passer has ever really made it in pro ball Frankie Albert, the original T-quarterback doesn't discourage a kid with the built-in confidence and poise of Baker, though he acknowledges the skeptics with a wan smile. Terry wasn't the only rookie sweating out late summer in shoulder pads who had to choose between baseball and football.

End Pat Richter of Wisconsin, the top signee of the Washington Redskins, made the greatest throw from the outfield ever seen by the savants at Northwestern last spring, and he added a plus that is, a plus .300 batting avera The Minnesota Twins brought him up for a look-see but couldn't have been too ecstatic about his slugging possibilities because they fered him only $8,000, and you know he got at least three tunes that for signing with the Skins. Denver of the AFL, which also had Richter on its bargaining list, presented an intriguing package deal catch passes for the Broncos in the fall, hit homers for the Bears in the spring under the same ownership. "But," argued Richter, "you got no passer like Norm Snead to throw to me." Besides, Richter was heard to lament, standing around in the outfield between pitches gets kind of bormg and pales beside the excitement of getting knocked rear- over-tea-kettle by a blindside tackle. Of course, don't ignore the money aspect. Richter and Baker both figure to cash in a lot quicker from their football reputations.

Tom Brown of Maryland was sought by Green Bay and Buffalo, but he went for baseball as a Washington Senator bonus boy because the money was good, and he liked the sport. A couple of years ago, Bemie Allen was already signed to a contract by the Boston Patriots, with a release proviso if some major league team offered him a bonus. The Minnesota Twins did, and Allen plays second base for them. On the anti-money side is Daryl Lamcnica, who spumed $50,0000 as a prospective shortstop when he was a Fresno high school kid because he wanted to play quarterback at Notre Since Daryl grew up and 225-pound shortstops are rare, he's now a passing aspirant for the Buffalo Biils- None, however, has Baker's versatility. Besides passwg left and pitching right, he writes left, kicks right and eats left.

'I'm all fouled up," he grins. Until he checks his bank balance. Baseball foundation aids potentional pro players By THOMAS P. BECHERER UPI Sports Writer ST. LOUIS (UPD-Bob Stewart believes in bringing college baseball players into organized base ball the right way.

Stewart, co-founder of the Na tional Collegiate Baseball Foundation, says "a college player needs to compete in 60 to 70 games a summer to show whether he's ready for professional play or not." The 47-year-oId former All- America prospect at Syracuse took on the "soKialled" part-time job of running the league in addition to his duties as athletic director of St. Louis University. "I'd work SO to 70 hours a week at the league during the opening stages," Stewart said. Stewart teamed with Walter Shannon, midwestem director of scouts for the Clevdand Indians, last winter to found the organization aimed at providing a proving ground for college ballplayers on a non-paymg basis. "The foundation was seen as a middle vehicle between college ball and the minors," says Stewart, "to provide summer baseball for college players." Organized baseball was signing players at high salaries, because of bonus competition, on the basis of their college records.

Stewart explained the foundation was conceived to set up a league for the "acid test" of college players before the majors gambled on signing him. "The league provided a place for a college player io Jeam from a coach other than the one he played under in school," said Stewart. "Here, too, a kid learns whether he has it or not." Stewart said the founders realized that once a boy was 17 to 13 years old there was no further competition other than that offered by the colleges for him to try. "I feel the 16 to 21 year old age group is the most maligned in our country today," said Stewart. "We keep the kids off the labor market.

"There's no place for them to be employed and accept responsibilities or play baU." The foundation, and the Central Illinois Baseball League in particular, was originally aimed at "fitness through fun." "We looked on this as an avenue to take kids somewhere in this area and run summer camp programs in physical fitness," said Stewart "At the same time, the boys working as counselors would be gaining valuable experience toward play with organized baseball." The foundation received a gift of $50,000 from the major leagues to conduct a pilot league in Central Illinois for colleges freshmen, sophomores and juniors. The program is supported and endorsed the executive council of the National Collegiate letic Association and the U.S. Baseball Federation. "We would go into an area and tell community leaders we would need $2,500 from them along with playmg facilities and living quarters for the players," said Stewart. "The toughest part of the job was to obtain summer jobs for our players, since they would be taking jobs from the conmiu- nity's own young people." Players receive no pay from the league in order to maintain their amateur status.

Stewart pointed out "most of our kids are from middle-class and lower middle-class families. They need the monQf from summer jobs for school and, God knows, that's a problem all over the country." "We now have a set standards for league organization in the future." said Stewart "We should organize four leagues next year covering the country." "The amazing thing is that the people we worked with in organizing this year's league are already talMng about next year," Stewart commented. "They've been great to our kids, having them to their homes for dinner, getting them dates and accepting them as part of the community." "We achieved our end," said Stewart "Organized baseball has had a good look at these kids and the boys themselves know whether or not they're ready for professional ball.".

Get access to Newspapers.com

  • The largest online newspaper archive
  • 300+ newspapers from the 1700's - 2000's
  • Millions of additional pages added every month

About Redlands Daily Facts Archive

Pages Available:
224,550
Years Available:
1892-1982