Omaha Daily Bee from Omaha, Nebraska • Page 22

it 2U TUTS 03IAT1A DATLT BEEt STTNDAT, JUN15 2J), 1902. TO CLEAR 1 SOLDIER'S NAME Captain Winder Btcitea an Unwritten GhapteT of War Hiatarv. REBEL LEADER NOT A CONSPIRATOR Albert Sidney Johaatoa, Wli Fell at hlloh. Did Rot Seek to Carry California Into SosHbera t'oafederar y. Captain William A.

Winder, a brother-ln-law of Admiral Dewey and a distinguished veteran of the union army during tbe civil war, Ilea seriously 111 at an Omaha hotel. Hla condition la precarious because of the Infirmity of hla advanced age. He la now ta hla 77th year. "1 want to tell to the world a atory before I leave it to vindicate the name and memory of an honorable man who Buffered from a cruel alander during the laat few year of hla life and wboae memory baa been defamed by a ruthleai, baselesa utterance." Thla statement waa made by the atrlcken veteran to a reporter for The Bee one day during the week. The man he wanted to eionerate of false charges had been hla enemy and tbe enemy of the United States Bad been a leader of the southern confederacy and therefore an assailant of the federal government.

Trominent In tbe councils of hla self-proclaimed government and active on its fields of battle, thla man became a tower of atrength, a tremendous factor In promoting the cause of secession and widening the breach which separated the sisterhood of states and Imperiled the ualon. Ja.tlce ke Soldier's Aim. Tet this man had been maligned and It lay In the power of the large-hearted hero of the union to give the world the truth and thus remove a stigma from an Innocent and honored soldier'a memory. No bitter hatred recurring in his mind over the fra ternal strife of forty years ago atood be tween this emaciated veteran and the per formance of a duty which to him waa solemn and Imperative. In hla estimation the "rebel" had been the victim of unarrupu and malicious prejudice and not only Waa compelled himself to suffer anguish, but was powerless to efface the false Ira-.

presslon that hla posterity might at least enjoy freedom from unfair pollution. Cap tain Winder la the only survivor wbo Is familiar with the details of this conspiracy, aa he terma It, and therefore he feels that he must record the truth before he dies, that the world may know at last, after a long period of years, that It has been maliciously deceived. General Albert Sidney Johnston, whom history hss recorded as one of the soutb's greatest soldiers, was In command of the Department of the Pacific, with headquar ters at Ban Francisco, Just before tbe out break of the civil At the same time Captain Winder waa In charge of the Island of Alcatraz, the most Important fortifies tlon to the harbor of Ran Francisco, though a decidedly barren and uninviting terii tory and sines converted Into a military prison. Ante-Bellnm ttnmora. To repeat the words of Captain Winder, Just prior to tbe actual hostilities between the north and south, rumors of all sorts regarding plans and maneuvers of the south and southern men were afloat.

Especially did these reports gain circulation and In most casea substantial credence concerning men from the land of Dixie who were then In the service, military and civil, of the United Statea. Minds were Inflamed, sober judgment waa at a dis count, and It Is not surprising at this late day to be told that prejudice and passion were ruling motives. Under such condl tlons It waa not difficult to secure a firm lodgement In the minds of people of a story which under ordinary circumstances would have been dismissed after casual thought as a mere canard. Naturally enough, however, not all the schemes and plots unearthed and attrib uted to tbe sympathizers of the south were untrue; many of them were founded upon fact and were discovered in time to thwart an evil purpose and avert disastrous consequences. In thla connection It may be recalled that, aa Captain Winder relates, there was general talk of a movement to form an Independent government to be known as tbe Republic of the Pacific, comprising thoae states bordering on and near the western boundary line of the United States.

This waa not a conspiracy on the part of aouthern sympathizers, nor did it have for Its purpose the promotion of the cause of the south. The originators of the Idea were not notably nouthern men, In fact, they may all have been northern men. But at any rate, there was no sinister motive In It. It waa believed by the people In that part of the country that, owing to their isolated location and the poor facilities tor travel, being necessary to go from the east to the Pacific coast by way of Cape Horn, a separate government, tem-- porarlly, would be a mutual benefit and that when developments had reached that atage where a reunion of atatea and their administration were wisest, the ststes of the west would be In a better condition to advance the eommon Interests than If gov-rned under the old regime. anstortera Were Sincere.

People clung to thta theory out on the coast with great pertinacity, says Captain Winder, and were perfectly sincere in their plans. But they finally were con vinced that their scheme was futile and Impracticable and conaequently It waa abandoned. This wild Idea of an Independent govern ment furnished tlie bssls for the reproach brought upon Albert Sidney Johnston and ultimately led to hla resigning his post, leaving the service of the union and Joining the southern confederacy. On receipt of news or the firing upon Fort Sumter General Johnston Immediately ordered all the munitions of war stationed at Benecla arsenal, down the bay, removed to Alcatraz Island. In this he had a two fold purpose; primarily be sought to es tablish the moat formidable fortifications possible on the Island where the entrance to San Francisco bay could be safely guarded, and, secondly.

It wsa hla plan to get the, arms and ammunition away from the arsenal to a place where they could be properly protected. But thla maneuver waa misinterpreted by Johnston's critical observers and used to give plausibility to tbe story of the conspiracy afterward cir culated. Captain Winder. In referring to this act upon Johnston's part, declaree It the moat judicious that could have been performed and says that the general bad no intention other than that of protecting his country's InUrests to the best of his ability. While the feeling agalnat Johnaton was engendering In view of recent develop ments Winder had a long talk with the commander la bla camp at San Francisco, la that conversation both tr en.

who were of southern nativity, Johnston being from Texas, though a native of Kentucky, and Winder from Maryland, discussed at length the prospects of war and Its effect upon their future careers. "General Johnston told me at that time that he waa la a quandary that It seemed bla Brat duty was alwaa to his state, and to Texas, which had made bint all ikat he waa and given hint all that be had, and yet he did not see bow he could Join arms against the union, hla own beloved country and under whose flag he bad long been a aoldler. The man studied over this matter with profoundest thought," Said Captain Winder, "and I remember as dis tinctly as though it were yesterday that when we parted on that day the noble Johnston, arkiing as I started to take ray leave, extended his band and said: 'Well. Winder, I bare no Intention now at least of resigning my commission under the Stars and Stripes and joining the As for me, there was never any doubt In my mind as to what my course would be, though I tonfess that It cost me many a severe struggle to tske sides against my own relatives, as much as I loved the union, and what It stood for." Johnston and Winder parted. The former remained at his post In San Francisco while the subordinate Ulcer returned to his ramp on the island of Alcatraz.

They did not meet for several days, and when they did Johnston revealed a decision formed since their lest meeting which completely astonished Winder. Anscisen Ills Resignation. As Winder entered Johnston's quarters the latter said: "Well, I guesa you will be surprised when I tell you that I have re signed my commission, forwarded the let ter to Washington and decided to go to Los Angeles, where I have relatives, but not with any Idea of going back to the south to Join the army of Jefferson Davis." "Yes, I am surprised. Indeed, was Winder's quick response. "But If that Is your decision.

General Johnston, after careful consideration of the weighty consequences Involved, I have nothing to say, except I would like to know what has led to your sudden change of mind." Since the two men had seen each other information reached Johnston from Washington by pony express which Justified this action on his part. A friend at tbe national capital had Informed him that word had reached the seat of government that he had become the leader of a conspiracy to throw the Pacific states Into the confederacy and thus use the Influence of his office In betraying his country, to promote the cause of secession. This report, born of Ignorance or malice, according to Captain Winder, was given credence at Washington and General Sumner was at onje ordered to hasten to San Franciaco by aecret mission to supersede Johnston. Ready to Be Relieved. But instead of being In Ignorance of the plana at Washington Johnston was care-fuly Informed aa to what bad taken place.

He told Captain Winder of these circumstances, and declared that If the government had lost faith in him and could no longer truat him he could do It no good by remaining In Its service, and hence desired not to await Ruroner's arrival, but resign forthwith. Consequently Johnston's resignation was In Washington long before Sumner had reached San Francisco, and when Sumner did arrive he found his predecessor ready to turn over his office and everything pertaining to It. Sumner, wbo had even guarded hla coming with auch secrecy ss to enter San Francisco at a lower and out-of-the-way port, Instead of at the main harbor, was overwhelmed with surprise at Johnston's knowledge of events and his thorough preparation, and a slight chagrin was appnrent on his part. It actually required but ten or fifteen minutes for the retiring officer to his poBt, papers and all equipment over to his successor Johnston acted upon his original determination and went to Los Angeles, where bo became very popular and waa besieged with various business offers and induce meats of most flattering sorts. It was hid plan to settle at Los Angeles and not join the confederate army, but he found It im possible to resist the urgent demands made for his co-operation and services by the 'south and he finally yielded, joining the.

southern army and fighting its battles against his former government until his tragic death at Shlloh. Having been thus superseded by Sumner and gone to the south, Johnston was then made the permanent victim of tbe slander that he had systematically endeavored to wheel the states of the Pacific Into the confederacy, and It was folly for friends to seek to correct this impression at that time. Johnston was stung to the quick by tbe ill-fated course events had taken and la said to have carried his grief to his grave. He made no attempt personally dissuade the authorities at Washington from the opinion into which they had been misled. Khrrnin Believed tbe "tory.

Some years after the war the story of General Johnston's alleged perfidy was re peated by General William Tecumseh Sher roan at a banquet In Cincinnati. General Sherman, like thouaauda of others, had ceased to question the truthfulness of the stery and had accepted it as true. But General Sherman's attention was called to the Inaccuracy of the story by Captain Winder and also by Colonel Stevenson, who was asaociated with General Johnaton for a time on the coast and knew the full clr curastancea of the case. It waa coincidental that both these former associates and friends of Johnston's should have written Sherman at the same time, al most upon tbe same day. They learned of Sherman's utterance through newspaper reports and.

knowing the great warrior aa both did, they were sure he would be glad to learn that the story which he had Inno cently repeated was untrue, and would be clad to make amends tor relating It. In reply to the letter written him upon this occasion by Captain Winder, General Sherman wrote the following: 911 OARRTSON AVENUE. ST. LOUIS xi contain William Winder. San Diego, My Dear Friend 1 have your letter or tne Dear inn ta riltinnal iHtlmnnv to what Colonel 8teven son has already sent me, to the effect that nlthmiffti mere was a conspiracy ur tempted conspiracy in California to seise the arsenal, forts, somewhat as was rinna In Tmu.

the attempt was frustrated before the arrival of General Sumner, If not before he started; that tienerai jonn-ston was In no manner compromised and that had not communicated to WaHhlngton at all. in another letter be sends me what amounts to the claim of Sacramento editor, who sent a raessaa across by the pony express because ho could not trust the telcgrapn. General Keyes also. In hla new book "Fifty Years' Experience of Men and Events boars enuul teatimony to the hon orable character of General Johnston and says that the order releasing him ant aenriina flumner out was maJe bv Gen eral 8 ott. at the Instance of Mr.

Seward on information given by Senator Kesmllh (or California). Of myself. I. of course, pretend to no Knowledge, but am sure It was ine genera impresHlon or tne country mat tne cnangi ol commanders at that critical momen saved San Francisco and California from the effects of a tumult or even an attempt, I was only too glad to learn tne truth, which you now so amply affirm, that Gen eral Johnston was absolutely true to his trust, so consistent with his previous exalted reputation and so creditable to th resrular army, now more damaged by th defection of a few of its high officers In isl than by any other cause since Its creation. I have sent all previous papers to the Cincinnati Historical club and will In other ways correct the hitherto wrong lmpres slon.

As or old, your rriena, W. T. BHKRMAN. P. 8.

Please show this to Dr. tirtfttn. for whom I have the warmest affection. W. T.

8. (Dr. Oriffln was an uncle of General Albert Sidney Johnaton). Train sever Pabllsbea. Although this correction waa made In the mind of General Sherman and the general no doubt did what he could, personally, to counteract tbe influence of the false report wnlrh be had innocently repeated, no pub llshed contradiction of the statement waa mado at that or any other time.

In fac Captain Winder aays the real story has never before ben printed. For years has been his intention to place the fac upon record through the medium of aome leading newspaper that they might be given free course and general circulation. He has therefore selected The Bee to aid hlra In effacing what be consldera a malignant slander from tbe memory of an honorable man. Winder and Johnston were much attached to each other and, although one wore the blue and the other the gray, their friendship continued throughout the bitter struggles of that fraternal war and Winder was keenlv afflicted wben the news reached him that Albert Sidney Johnston had succumbed to wounds received at the battle of Shlloh. t'aptaln Winder's Career.

Captain Winder's own life presents many Interesting pbsses. He waa born In the city of Baltimore. He served In the wsr with Mexico and gained considerable distinction at the battle of Buena Vista, after which he was commissioned lieutenant of artillery. At the close of the Mexican war he served with his regiment In an effort to subdue the Seminole Indians in Florida. During the civil war he was with the Army of the Potomac in command of Battery Third artillery, before be was again sent to Alcatraz.

His thorough knowledge and skill In the use of artillery made him a valuable man to command tbe troops that were to guard the mouth of San Francisco bay, the most Important fortification on the Pacific coast. At this post he remained for three years and a half, until the close of the war. During that time he made a number of requests to be given a change location because of the almost Intolerable conditions which existed on the Island, but the government needed bim there and so remained. Captain Winder's arrangement for the protection of the western coast at so crlt leal a time was claimed to have been the most effective that could then be devised. Captain Winder's father was In the con federate army and, owing to this fact and the young officer's southern birth, a sua plclon as to his loyally arose during bis ncumbency of the Alcatraz station, which ed Brigadier General Wright, who suc ceeded General 8umner aa commander of the Department of the Pacific, to Bend a Captain Black, with his company, to Join Winder.

These suspicions were soon dis missed by the superior offlcors, however. not worthy of thought, and Captain Winder's actual loyalty waa never brought into question. Captain Winder Is a physician by pro fession, but he has devoted but a few years of his busy life to practice. He remained In the military service of the country for some years after the war. Later he went to San Diego, which place he atlll consldera his home.

For the last seven years he has been Hotting agent for the government on the Rosebud Indian reservation. His health has failed and he Is now in Omaha being treated. Hla condition, while possibly not larmlng, is serious. Captain Winder married a daughter or Governor Goodwin of New Hampshire, another daughter of whom waa the wife of Admiral Dewey. A LITERARY RECESS.

Ennobling Thoughts Rndely IJla- tnrbed by an Intruder. This Is the tale of a tailor, a pair of rousers and a woman's club, and the scene Is in Somerville, a city which faces the back yard of Charles Eliot Norton's estate. "It was this way," said William Gariy of Brookline, quoted by the New York Tribune. "A Somerville man moved, and later took a pnlr of trousers to his tallur to be pressed. Ho forgot to tell the tailor be tiad moved, and the trousers were re turned, with no name on the bundle, to tho old address.

The servant took the bundle from the boy and carried It In to tho new mistress of the house, who was at the tlmo entertaining the literature class of the woman's club. Maeterlinck and spring styles were undor discussion when the nameless bundle entered. 'Whav can it said the hostess; 'It is too large for cake and too square for 'Open cried tho literature class, crowding around. "So the bundle was opened. Silence en sued: then confusion.

'This Is a very funny Joke, said the hostess grimly, 'and someone will pay dearly for it. Betty (call ing to the servant), come and remove these garments at ones. Who sent them? Please, mum, I think It was the breeches; 1 mean the tailor's 'Take them away and keep them till he calla for them. Ladles, let us go on with "The Life of the Bee," she said. Later the owner recov ered them.

That is how I know." EDUCATIONAL, The Raron de Htrsch school fund In Onlm-la maintains fifty schools The num ber of teachers amounts to 217 and there are 6.634 DUDlls. Dr. D. L. Kiehl.

head- or the department of pedagogy ot the University or Minnesota, Is about to retire rrom tne position, wuiuu he has held ror twenty-seven years. Renatnr H. Carter has Dresented to the University ot Montana hla private collection of "ConereBSlonal Records," which give a complete history of government from tne meeting ot me nrn vuoirm iu uw close or tne last. Dr. William Lowe Bryan, who has been elected president of Indiana State university, has been vice president of that institution slnee 18S9.

He is 44 years old, an Indiana university graduate of 1SS4 and haa been teacher of pedagogy and phllouophy Since inoo. ilia urumer, niuon injau. president of the state Agricultural college at unman, vvasn. Tha real ana tlnn of Prof. Charles W.

Hors- well of the chair of Hebrew language and literature at Garrett Biblical institute. Chicago, has been accepted. It was tendered hnrause of his extreme conclusions In higher criticism." He naa neid me ptace for thirteen years and me trustees give Prof. Horswell the highest praise as 'ripe scholar and inspiring teacher. The advice srtven by Charles M.

Schwab to the graduates of the Pennsylvania State college "Never ask your friends to help you nptning will ever ao you so muca injury as to start life with Influence," received its beet comment In his action. Finding that one of the most promising of the craduatea was going to decline a post-grauuate scholarship which be had won because he felt obliged to quit college to earn ms living, Air. ocnwao very generously offered him 11,000 to finish the course ana tne young man very sonsiuiy ac ceuted it. New York City, with a school budget of nearly tjo.OuO.UOu thla year a larger sum than la extended for purposes of education by any otner city in tne worm ana very much larger than is expended by many countries is far at the head of the list of American cities in this particular, though the expenses for school purpose! In other cities have been Increasing rapidly In recent years. Boston expends for public instruction nearly S3.000.ui0 a year: Phil delpbla.

which on account of low rents and tne Homogeneity or its population, nas small school expense compared with its large population, and Washington, which has a very large illiterate colored population, Sl.lSO.OOO. There seems to be a rather greater demand than usual for women teachers of soology, a study which women ought really to And one of the most interesting, but, strange as It may seem, the average woman student does not care particularly for It and few specialise in thla direction. Several years ago Prof. M. A.

Wilcox of Wel-lesley had an application for a woman teacher and recommended one who began with a salary of ti.2u0. This year she had four applications, but It Is usually required that such teachers shall have had experience, and Mlas Wilcox suggests that any students who are going on with the work might find it worth while to let her know. The head of one of the teachers' agencies says that there is no subject In which he has so much difficulty in Ailing positions as in soology. Aa Interesting; Wanaaa. An Interesting woman.

Mrs. Kllsabeth Cooper Mclntlre. aged 12, has Jiint died in Philadelphia, with teeth, eyes and faculties remarkably preserved to the last. Often she referred to meeting layette In lh34 and recounted the pleasure experienced In Hhxking hand with the Kreiu.h general. When her brother.

Lieutenant lYanclt Cooper, waa stationed at Fort MJfrlln during the war of 14 1 2 she made frequent visit there and during the civil war waa one of the asslatants at the old cooper shop refreshing building, where the union soldiers were so well caxvd for by patriotic women. WOMEN IN FEDERAL SERVICE Larga Number Employed as Clerii in th Department! at Washington. PRECIOUS FEW SNAPS' TO BE HAD Denial of the Cherished Tradition That Only Pretty Women with Fo-lltlral Inflaenee Are A -pointed and Advanced. About one-third of all employe In the government departments at Washington are women. Several receive over $2,500 per annum, about fifty receive $1,600 per an-cum, 100 receive $1,400 per annum, 450 receive $1,200, 300 $1,000 and the remainder receive from $S60 to $900 per annum.

The government employe at Washington Is always regarded by the outsider with mora or less envy, writes a correspondent of the Boston Transcript. Every woman who cannot play the part of one of Solomon's "lilies of the field." but must "toll" or "spin," looks with Jealous longing at what are supposed to be tha "snaps" at Washington. The "snaps" are Just waiting to be picked up by the right people, and with that cold-blooded Institution, the United States Civil Service commission. In prime working order, tha right people are very easily selected. The Civil Service commission records for last year show that 3,083 women were examined for the various positions open to them under the civil service.

Of these 2.47 pawed and 444 were appointed; 1,351 of the applicants examined came under the head of "akllled labor." This Is the easiest examination given and the lowest salaries are paid to those appointed under it, the remuneration ranging from 25 cents an hour, amounting to from $20 to $40 a month to $60 a month. The higher salaries generally go to the men employed from this class; the lower salaries are paid to the charwomen. Stenoarraphera tn Demand. The most popular examination for women that for stenographers and typewriters. 'Good stenographers" is the ceaseless de mand of the department official not mediocre but good par excellence.

On stenographic examination days the big dreary examination room at the commission is crowded with the trembling applicants. Nowadays the stenographer Is of necessity a typewriter and the preliminary tinkle and click reverberates from every known make of writing machine. The men predominate. Last year they numbered 563, while the women had little more than half that representation 307 yet the average passing was larger on the female side. But when it came to the question of appointment eighty-nine ot the 174 men who rassed received good positions, while only thirteen out of the 100 women on the eligible list were appointed.

'These positions carry a salary of from $600 to $1,200 a year; the stenographers of bureau chiefs receive $1,600 and those of the head of the departments $1,800. The commissioner of pensions employs a woman stenographer and many of rife lower officials refuse to have male stenographers In their offices. Men Outclassed. In those classes which are open to the competition of both men and women the records show much greater ability on tho side of the latter. Last year there were 8,033 male applicants and 2,175 female for these examinations.

The successful com petition numbered 1,785 male and 1,611 female, and yet three times as many men as women were appointed. This preference for the male clerk In tho departmnta will endure as long as the sterner sex sit in the high places. thousand reasons are urged why men should have the preference. The very poorest is that a woman In office interferes with the freedom of Its male contingent. As freedom is frequently construed to mean an absence of coats in warm weather and an atmosphere of Plutonian density In cold weather, then by all means let us have tho "Interference." The best reason offered is that the average government salary is big enough for two, and therefore should go to a head of a family or a prospective head.

All very well and good as far as the present head of a family goes but as for the prospective heed he Is apt to think a very long time before he really confesses that $100 a month divided by two, or more, Is quite as pleasant as the undivided whole. Furthermore, this reason might serve as equally good ground for employing Hardly one woman out of every fifty In the departments (If we except the girla In the cenaus but la either the head of a family herself or one of Its main props. A great many have mothers whom they care for, while the brothers are married, or perhaps not doing so well. Palls of Little Vala. An erroneous opinion prevails that the woman government employe Is shoved Into position by an Influential member of congress; that her working hour are a sort ot quiet resting time, and that congressional backing is constantly pushing her a notch higher on the salary roll.

Now, ahe is no morn a fit subject for jealousy than any other successful woman. She works Just as hard end larder sometimes than her slater on the outside. In the first place, all the influence at Washington wen't put ber on the "eligible list" of the Civil Service commlsstou. In tho second place, wben sh haa secured a place sh must work to keep It, and expert work for six hour and a half a day la not easy. There must be no errors in account, no mistakes in letters, no misstatements, ot fact.

Government work Is well paid only when, well done. In the third place, promotions are the award of merit. A very atriklng Illustration of this occurred last winter when a young woman waa made chief of one ot the divisions In tho Postofflce department, becauae she knew more about the work of that particular division than any other employe in It. She receives a salary of $2,240, on of th best paid to any woman In th service. Miss Thora Stejneger of th Smithsonian institution Is another woman who I earn ing large wages.

Miss Stejneger is a Norwegian wbo has devoted her life to th study of animals. Sh has charge of the classification of all animals by the Smithsonian, and many ar th queer specimens that she examine and labels with unerring skill. A Western Worker. Miss Estella Reel, superintendent of In dian schools, does th work and endure th hardship fbat ar supposed to be th lot of men exclusively. The poorest Indian school on the faraway frontier must visited quit aa regularly aa th famous Institutions at Carlisle and Hampton.

Miss Reel has had many adventures and not a few mishaps. Often she is obliged to drive for miles In a buck board or on a rattling stagecoach, and camp all night on the open prairie tha lustllng prairie grass tor a mattress, a Navajo blanket tor covering, the start -studded sky for csnopy and a dear little revolver for company. Last year while a rive in Indian Territory her wagon was upset and she waa swept down stream for nearly half mil and was rescued by a cowboy just as ab waa being whirled Into some deep and dangerous rap-Ids. No on will say that this woman doe dm earn her $3,000 a year, with th additional $1,500 for traveling expenses and sub- fsistanc If Miss Reel could eat Unci Bam greenbacks and gold pieces, very- thing would comfortable, but ther ar Indian village where all the "necessary expens." appropriation for the White House state dinner would not buy a square meal. Recently Miss Reel wrote a textbook for Indian schools which embraced every topic of educational training tor the Indian student.

Brains Better Than Good Looks. It Is a mistaken Idea also that good looks Influence promotions. A rase In mind Is that of a young lady In one of the departments, decidedly unpreposse sslng In appearance, who entered the government service as a copyist, wss advanced to a stenographer's position, and while holding that position studied that branch of law applicable to the work of the department In which sh was employed. Called upon by accident to examine a complicated case she rendered so i comprehensive and able a legal derision that she was promoted to tne position or law clerk, which she now holds. All this was without political Influence or the supposed power of good looks.

Outside of the salaries paid skilled laborers, printers' assistants and press feeders, which rarely If ever exceed $40 a month, remuneration for women In the departments run from $650 to $1,400 a yesr that Is, for the average clerk. It has been urged that the women drawing these comparatively good salaries are being spoiled for wives. Perhaps they are. No on can' blame a girl for being reluctant to give up a comfortable income and the freedom to live as she plesses for the cares and worries of married life. When a department girl does marry she usually makes a success of It.

No dashing ne'er-do-well can hope to catch her fancy and her neat nest egg. She meets and knows too many men not to be able to catalogue them. Then, the matrimonial chances In Washington are few. It la not a business town. The male department clerk Is not an "eligible" by any means.

He frequently geta no more per month than his female co-laborer and sometimes less. A large proportion of them live from hand to mouth and are "flush" only on salary daya and "broke" on all others. "Old Ladles of the Trennury." Much has been said and written about the "old ladles of the treasury." It Is true, there are a great many elderly women In that department but surely their age Is no cause for complaint. Some are In the 70s. one or two have drifted along to 80 odd.

Their salaries all touch or overlap th $100 per month mark. Among them are the widows and daughters of famous men. For years they have worked in this biggest bank In the world and millions upon million of dollars have they helped to pour out through the enormous check books over which their white heads are constantly bent. The treasury contains the most interesting workers in Washington ar the women whose skillful eyes an delicate fingers can detect a counterfeit tn a second. So expert are they that a glance suffices.

Occasionally, however, a counterfeit is so near the original that It takes considerable time and labor to prove the forgery. In th case of a bogus bill the psper Is soaked and then separated by meana of a slender knife. The government greenback Is made up of three thin sheets pressed together with hairlike threads of silk between. One can imagine the stead Inesa of hand required to separate these sheets one from another without tearing or mutilating thera In any way. These women are not paid extremely large salaries for their work, not over $1,800 per annum, yet it is doubtful If any men could be found to do the work regardless of salary.

Where Women Beat Men. Soma pension officials declare that If male Instead of female clerks were employed on tho pension cases of our old soldiers, their widows and orphans, the poor prospective pensioners would die of starvation before action was reached on their claims. In cases where exactitude to the verge of finlcklness is required, women are better clerks than men. This has been borne out In th work of the census, bureau, where the tabulating machine requiring unending patience, and the most skillful exactness of touch, are all run by women. It Is a well-dressed crowd of women and girls who troop down to the departments In the mornings, the women, may of them, from once wealthy families, dressed tn somber black, the girls in short skirt and tailored waist.

Indeed, this sensible costume of short skirt and shirtwaist haa become almost a uniform, so general "has been its adoption. It signifies the passage of tha old Idea that woman in business is playing at work. She has tried It and found it good, now she is going to dress for It, and those of her sex who are energetic and ambitious enough to secure tha shekels from Uncle Sam's moneybag should not be objects of envy, but rather of emulation. The way of obtaining these places Is tedious and long, but under the method employed by the Civil Servlco commission It is open to all, and no matter how remote the place may be, opportunities are given to those wbo live there to take the civil service examination, which la the prerequisite for employment In the government service. LABOR AND IXDISTRY.

There are 244 establishments, employing I.8S9 glovemakers. In the United States. The executive council of the American Federation of Labor recommends mass meetings on July 4 and Labor Day to pro-teat against the Injunction abuse. One of the strongest organised national bodies of labor In the T'nlted States la the Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners. Its annual convention will be held In Atlanta next September.

The Brotherhood of Painters, Decorator and Psper Hangers of America issued eighty-three charters ror the quarter ending March 31. 1902. making the total number ot locals under its banner t-i. The Civic federation I attempting In a new way to settle the great coal strike. It baa failed to get any concessions trom the operators and now Is trying to reach tho principal stockholder in the mines af-tec ted.

Baggage smasher of Chicago have organized and the next thing will be union labels on freight and baggage to inaure safe transportation. The union has formally affiliated with the National Brotherhood of Railway Employes. President Bufflngton of the Illinois Steel company in announcing a 10 per cent increase of wages for the workmen employed at the Jollet mills says that the action of the management Is "In recognition of the advanced cost of living." The work of organizing the retail drug clerk of Baltimore into a union to affiliate with the Federation of Labor has begun It Is said that Baltimore and Philadelphia are the only two large cities in the country where the clerks are not organized. An eight-hour work day will be demanded by the union. From the first of tho year up to last mrnth 10,000 Japanese laborers nad been sent to Hawaii.

It Is reported that advices have been received from Hawaii to the effect that no more emigrants should be sent tor the present, as there are fears tit the emigration act being enforced. A petition setting forth their grievances and demanding an advance of wages being circulated through tha country among the Pullman conductors now haa lSiuo signers. It demands that all new conductors be paid XA6 a month for the first six months of their service, 170 the second six months and $80 after they have served one year. The south Is keeping up with the procession of trusts. A combination of cotton yard mills Is being organised with a capitalisation of teu.ouO.OOO.

The object is to fix prices, regulate production -and float truat bond In New York and New England while the fever tut auch Investments Is on. Th striking machinists of the Allls-Chal-mer company at Chicago returned to work last week. They gained about 4 per cent Increase In wages over the amount offered by th company before the strike was Inaugurated. Under the terms of the settlement the men will work ten hours except Saturday, when they work five hours, making a nfty-flve-hour week. The union has paid out iSo.OGO In strike benefits, suffering has been endured and human life sacrificed.

Th company has returned to a ten-hour day, but i his condition la Ukely to temporary. The ecotid Volume of Livin Animal of The. World verges from the animals that walk the earth to the animals that fly in the air The last section XII of the first volume prepares the way by tell ing of and picturing flying mice, flying squirrels, etc The early sections of volume take up the following very interesting subjects. Every Bird Photographed Every Page Illustrated. Section XIV Gulls Auks Plovers Cranes Penguins Herons Storks Section XV.

Swans Ducks Geese Birds of Prey Owls Etc. Each Section 10 Cents. By Mail 15 Cents. 24 Sections in all. At the counting room of The Omaha Daily Bee, Omaha, Neb.

Section XIII. Ostriches Game Birds Pigeons Grouse Etc Every Animal Photographed Every Page Illustrated.