Asbury Park Press from Asbury Park, New Jersey • Page 65

C3 Asbury Park Press March 20, 1983 Pera9 geeririllas put civilian; presidemilt on spot first agricultural protest strike, blockin highways and destroying Th demonstrations occurred mostly alotjg thl Pacific Coast, with little participation fied with the government's agriculture policy. Even though low-interest farm loans are available, farmers say the government is putting thousands of small cooperatives in a bind because of food-price regulations in cities. Belaunde says the controls are necessary to fight inflation, yet last year he was unable to bring inflation down from its 1981 record high of 72 percent Farmers last November held Peru's refer to them as "our boys," Cotler was quoted as saying. QueHacer said Colter noted, however, that it isn't clear whether there is real widespread support for Shining Path based on comradeship or whether the Indians are frightened of the guerrillas because of frequent "executions" of peasants thought to be allies of the police. The guerrillas' campaign to win over Indian peasants comes at a time when simple farmers in Peru in general are dissatis a well known Peruvian sociologist, was quoted in the January issue of the magazine QueHacer as saying leftist university students in Ayacucho became in the 1960s and 1970s the first outsiders to convince the Indians they were seriously interested in their problems.

THE STUDENTS, who learned Quechua, broke down centuries-old class and race barriers and even got the Indians to allowing the military to make secret arrests and raid private houses without warning. "All measures of good will had been exhausted," Belaunde said at the news conference. "I have constitutional responsibilities to the armed forces and to the nation as a whole." "The terrorists' actions are not part of the Peruvian way of life," he added. "This is subversive ideology from abroad." By BRUCE HANDLER The AjMciateti Pre LIMA, Pen A miniscule band of leftist guerrillas is creating critical problems for President Fernando Belaunde Terry, one of only six civilian heads of state in South America. 0 the 70-year-old centrist president doesn't act aggressively enough to stop the guerrillas, military elements might want to Andean peasants.

But Felipe Huaman president of the National Farm Confided tion, has told reporters the Indians weri "aware of the issues in the struggle' anf would be likely to take part in future prd tests. Annual Spring Storewide Sale: our best yet ATARI BUYS Top IO cartridges, game system price break Shining Path, which split in 1972 from the traditional Peruvian Communist Party on grounds it was too soft, doesn't hide the fact that its supreme hero is Chairman Mao. It reveres Marx and Lenin but in a distant second place. THE ORGANIZATION says it will settle for no less than a total Maoist-style revolution, starting with Peru's poverty-stricken peasants high in the Andes. The guerrillas call Belaunde a "false democrat" and "hypocritical demagogue" and claim that he defends middle-class, capitalist and foreign interests.

The president views Shining Path as "a gang of outlaws not a political party." The Peruvian peasants that Shining Path claims to defend are among the poorest in the world. Mostly of native Indian descent, they live at 10,000 feet above sea level, where they eat what little they can grow on meager plots of land. To numb themselves against the cold, hunger and disease, they chew coca leaves, the base product of cocaine. Some do not even participate in the money economy. Those who do often earn the equivalent of only $30 a year one-fortieth of what Peruvians make on a nationwide average.

As has been the case with many other guerrilla movements in Latin America, Shining Path is a creation of upper-middle-class intellectuals. Its founder is Abimail Guzman, 52, a Communist philosophy professor, currently in hiding, who used to teach at the State University of Ayacucho, an Andean city 350 miles southeast of Lima that now is the center of the zone under military control. Peru's Indians, most of whom speak the native Quechua tongue rather than Spanish, traditionally have been unmoved by Western-style politics. But Julio Cotler, Strauss made pants right The Associated Press SAN FRANCISCO At the time of the American gold rush, Levi Strauss, a young immigrant from Bavaria, was selling clothes and household goods in New York City. In 1853, Strauss booked passage on a clipper ship bound for San Francisco, taking rolls of canvas to sell to gold miners to make tents and wagon covers.

The canvas didn't sell at least not for those purposes. Instead, the miners wanted pants rugged enough to stand up to the rigors of digging for gold. What they soon came to refer to as "those pants of Levi's," did the job. Strauss soon shifted from canvas to denim blue denim and for nearly 100 years "Levi's" meant mostly work clothes for miners, cowboys and lumberjacks out West. But, according to Levi Strauss A in the 1930s the pants became popular in the East as well, and by 1983, 130 years after Strauss went to California, more than 1 billion pairs of the jeans had been take over from him as they did in 1968 and ran Peru for the next 12 years.

If he gets too tough, he could lose his political base to leftist parties. All this is because an estimated 500 guerrillas calling themselves the Shining Path are trying to start a revolution among Indians in the Andes. The guerrillas profess to have adopted the ideas ot Chairman Mao Tse-tung of China, who died in 1976. Peru's shaky economic situation, with record unemployment and inflation, complicates the picture. Although the Shining Path currently has no support from any established political faction in this republic of lg million people including the orthodox Communist Party further economic deterioration could make the guerrillas' message attractive to many Peruvians in the future.

"We must maintain democracy and make it triumph," Belaunde told a recent news conference. "But we cannot permit the action of insane, perverted terrorists who represent a ridiculous minority." SHINING PATH claimed responsibility in 1982 for "executing" 83 civilians it deemed "reactionary," "capitalist" or "collaborationist" and 35 policemen and for blowing up public works throughout the country. The guerrillas lost 34 members, including women, to government forces, and there are 350 suspected Shining Path militants in prison. With extreme reluctance, Belaunde last month decreed 60 days of direct military control in a seven-county Andean zone where Shining Path attacks had been most persistent. The president, a long-time champion of civilian rule not only for Peru but tor all Latin America was forced to issue orders suspending constitutional rights and 25 $IOO OFF Audio and video organizers p.

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