St. Louis Post-Dispatch from St. Louis, Missouri • Page 44

6D ST. LOUIS POST-DISPATCH Sunday, July 3, 1994 Bavaria Hosts U.S. Army For Peacekeeping I 4M' 7 S.H i' jr.XL,-.-. 7: and elsewhere, the Army has developed a course that combines theory and practice. Leaders are instructed in such concepts as "level of consent" the extent to which belligerents agree to third-party intervention and "degree of impartiality" the extent to which peacekeepers are perceived as fair.

They are repeatedly urged to remain neutral yet not let events spin out of control. They are issued pocket-sized "rules of engagement," which note that "we are not at war" while spelling out all the circumstances in which they can open fire. Soldiers learn that the right way in combat is often very wrong in peacekeeping. Col. Paul E.

Lenze, the training center's commander, said, "Some have trouble understanding why they can't train to clear a building the way they always did it, with a grenade through the main entry point and then a heavy volume of fire on all the windows." A three-week rotation usually includes at least one extended stretch with several thousand soldiers in "the Box," a 12-by-7-mile zone where the units establish checkpoints, practice convoy escorts, watch for infiltrators and negotiate with local authorities. The training center's soldiers are assigned roles as shepherds, villagers, bloodthirsty renegades, obnoxious reporters; they also handle battlefield pyrotechnics. The scenario last week was typical. The former People's Republic of Danubia has split into three ethnic republics: Sowenia, Vilslakia and Jur-aland. The Danubian national army, controlled by Juraland, has invaded Sowenia to press its ancient ethnic and territorial claims.

After bitter fighting, the hostile forces agreed to Tutsis huddle Friday as a French Army helicopter takes off from Kisesero, Rwanda. The refugees are among some of the Tutsi survivors of the genocide by the Hutu-dominated army and militias. wandan Rebels Encircle Kigali Says Hutu Government Faces 'Critical Situation' Classes pull back on either side of a U.N.- brokered neutral zone. A brigade from the 1st Armored Division arrived to man an eight-mile stretch of the zone. Col.

Jones' tank battalion was assigned the southern edge; Col. Stone's cavalry squadron-had the northern edge. In addition to escorting U.N. convoys and establishing checkpoints, the soldiers are confronted with dozens of situations ranging from disgruntled farmers and hungry refugees to unmarked minefields and marauding paramilitary bands of JERKS (Jurish Ethnic Rights Korps) and VAMPS (Vilslakian Armed Moral Protectors). A basic principle is that "there's a consequence to your every action," said Brig.

Gen. John Van Alstyne, the 1st Armored's deputy commander. "If a leader or a soldier makes a mistake one day, the consequences will come back to haunt them the next day." As the scenario unfolded June 22, that principle could be seen repeatedly. In one corner of the Box, guerrillas offered to sell the Americans five captured Stinger antiaircraft missiles; a platoon sergeant rejected the offer without even reporting it up the chain of command. As a result, a U.N.

helicopter was "shot when the guerrillas reappeared, the number of proffered Stingers had been reduced to four. Despite the many lapses, units who have gone through the instruction generally get high marks from the training center staff. When units first cycled through last year, "we experienced great difficulty in making the transition from heavy combat operations to peacekeeping," Gen. Van Alstyne said. "Now the average soldier, if given the proper orders, can make that transition." virus, or HIV, by blocking the action of an enzyme.

Stavudine also has been known as d4T. l- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. officials said stavudine would be prescribed for AIDS patients who are intolerant or receiving no benefit from the other anti-virals. Stavudine is designed to be taken twice daily. Company officials said stavudine shipments to distributors would start Friday.

The drug's wholesale price has been set at a daily cost of $6.22, the company announced. ries before the year 1112 and for more than 140 years before 1350. This coincided with a long-term period of generally warm temperatures that has been recorded around the world, he said. He found similar evidence of drought in Patagonia, at the southern tip of present-day Argentina. Stine suggested that worldwide climatic conditions might have been altered by the warmer weather, changing wind patterns.

Scientists have already warned that global warming could have similar effects today, turning forests into deserts, flooding coastal areas and disrupting weather in general. By Rick Atkinson 1994, The Washington Post HOHENFELS, Germany Dawn broke with the sound of gunfire from a sniper hidden in the trees. An hour later, four refugees wandered into a minefield. Smugglers darted through the woods. Peasants begged for food from a passing convoy.

At 9 a.m., several mortar rounds detonated, followed by a hit-and-run attack by paramilitary guerrillas. At 10 a.m., a car bomb exploded near a U.N. checkpoint. Guerrillas delivered the bodies of two executed prisoners. Angry villagers tried to lynch a suspected terrorist, while the town drunk offered to swap his comely daughter for a bottle of Jack Daniel's.

It was just another morning in Danubia, a mythical nation where U.S. soldiers are learning the nuances of peacekeeping in a hostile world. On the premise that U.S. forces are likely to join U.N. or NATO allies in a major peacekeeping operation, the U.S.

Army has converted a tract of northern Bavaria into an outdoor class-room that bears a strong resemblance physically and politically to Bosnia. Here soldiers soon discover that keeping the peace can be more stressful than waging war. "The average soldier is used to everything being black or white, friend or foe," said Lt. Col. Mike Jones, whose battalion from the 1st Armored Division went through the training center last month.

"Foes you kill, friends you support. But in this environment there's a whole lot of gray area." Lt. Col. Greg Stone, a cavalry squadron commander, added: "This is horrifically challenging to the soldier on the ground. Soldiers are not trained to be policemen, so we're having to learn on the fly." They learn mostly by making mistakes: using too much force; using too little force; favoring one faction over another; ignoring diplomatic niceties; failing to expect the unexpected.

Lt. Col. Mike Heredia said: "Do I shoot? Do I search? Do I detain? These are issues we've got to work our way through." He is one of 1,400 military trainers or role players at the Combat Maneuver Training Center. "You've trained these soldiers to be steely-eyed killers, but now conditions are different." Using lessons drawn from U.N. operations in Somalia, the Balkans Belt Rule ceiling.

A number of passengers and crew members also were thrown about, most of them in the rear of the plane. The cockpit crew had a "good recovery" at that point, a board spokesman said, stabilizing the plane within 16 seconds. The incident took place as internal discussions at the Transportation Department concern whether the Federal Aviation Administration should issue a rule requiring passengers to remain belted at all times when seated, according to department sources. Airlines now make public announcements recommending the practice, but it is not required when the seat belt light is off. French Military Official Compiled From News Services GISENYI, Rwanda Rebels have surrounded the capital of Kigali, a French military officer said Saturday, hours after the Rwandan government asked French troops to abandon their neutrality and fight off the insurgents.

The French government, which sent troops to Rwanda as a humanitarian mission, said it had not offered to intervene for the government. Since the French mission began, the rebel Rwandan Patriotic Front has alleged that French intervention would be a move to bolster the government. The Rwandan Patriotic Front, led by the minority Tutsi tribe, has taken about two-thirds of the country since the fighting began in early April and has mounted a ferocious assault on Kigali. Soldiers of the Hutu-dominated government army in the capital are penned in and face a "critical situation," said French military spokesman Lt. Col Jean Claude Perruchat, who has daily radio contact with U.N.

forces in Kigali. "Government forces seem to be preparing a counterattack from hills Fourth Drug Approved For AIDS Patients WASHINGTON (AP) The Food and Drug Administration has approved the sale and general distribution of the fourth anti-viral drug used to combat HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The new drug is stavudine. It will be marketed by Bristol-Myers Squibb New York, under the brand name Zerit. Stavudine is classed as a nucleoside analog, as are the other three AIDS drugs AZT, ddl and ddC.

All of these drugs attack the reproduction of the human immunodeficiency Dive Of Passenger Plane May Change Seat Scientist Reports Medieval Drought In West in the northwest but for the first time they are completely surrounded in Kigali," Perruchat said. Earlier Saturday, mortar fire ripped into an open market in the besieged capital of Kigali, killing 16 people and injuring 25. "We want France to interpose itself between the belligerent sides," Rwandan Foreign Miruster Jerome Bicamumpaka told The Associated Press in Gisenyi, where the provisional government fled after being driven from Kigali. A French government official in Paris told The Associated Press, "In no case have we offered help to the government." The official, speaking on condition of anonymity, said the Rwandan government now based in Gisenyi "is no longer representative of the country." France says its mission is strictly for humanitarian purposes, but the rebels are suspicious because French troops helped the government thwart a rebel offensive in 1990. French troops entered Rwanda from the west on June 24 on a U.N.-approved humanitarian mission that is to last two months.

into a three-second dive followed by a 16-second bumpy recovery, a spokesman for the National Transportation Safety Board said Friday. According to the safety board and Robert Baker, executive vice president-operations for American, the plane was being flown by a reserve first officer while the captain was on a break. The regular first officer remained seated on the right side of the cockpit. On long flights, such planes typically have three crew members so each can take breaks. At 12:54 a.m., a flight attendant brought a box of soft drinks, coffee and water to the cockpit.

Baker said this normally is done at the beginning of the flight so attendants do not have to enter the cockpit repeatedly. He said crews have discovered the Lt. Harold Frear, who got the using pepper spray on troopers r'. Security Council Chief In September, the diplomat who will take over as the president of the Security Council will be from Rwanda, a country that has become synon-ymous with genocide and lawlessness. Although Ambassador Jean-Damascene Bizimana of Rwanda would serve only one month as president, several U.S.

legislators and refugee advocates are outraged at the prospect. "It will obliterate the moral leadership of the United Nations," said Jeff Drumtra, an Africa policy analyst for the U.S. Committee for Refugees. "The Security Council is the heart and soul of the United Nations. It's inconceivable that Rwanda is still in the Security Council and only two months away from taking up as president.

What is that symbolism saying?" Drumtra said that Bizimana should be blocked from becoming president because the Rwandan government was culpable in the killing of both Hutus and Tutsis, the two tribes that make up Rwanda's population. only stable spot to place the beverage box is on the footrest of the jump seat behind the first officer. However, the first officer's seat was too far back to allow it to fit. Trying to be helpful, the reserve first officer reached over to the first officer's seat latch to move the seat forward. The seat moved forward, apparently startling the first officer, whose legs were crossed, and pushing him into the control column.

The MD-11 autopilot, which was engaged at the time, is designed to turn itself off if the control column is moved manually and held out of position for three seconds. With the column pushed forward and the autopilot off, the plane abruptly nosed down. Food was being served at the time, and much of it was plastered on the AP stop Florida Highway Patrol to to show them its effects. by the Supreme Court when it struck down the Kiryas Joel Village School District in Orange County. It was created by the governor and Legislature in 1989 to serve about 200 Sat-mar Hasidic children with disabilities.

The Hasidic parents did not want to send their children to the local public schools, but they did want federal and state aid to pay for special education. The Supreme Court ruled Monday that setting up the district amounted Florida Troopers Get Reprieve From Blasts Of Pepper Spray No One Knows Long-term Effect Of Chemicals, Complainers Argue vvl 4Vw'- 8 1994, The Washington Post MIAMI A pilot putting down a box of soft drinks began a trail of errors that sent an American Airlines jetliner into a dive over Jamaica, injuring 17 passengers and crew members, say federal safety officials. The incident gave new impetus to proposals that passengers be required to keep seat belts fastened at all times when seated. The most seriously injured passenger, who underwent surgery for a ruptured spleen, was seated but not belted and apparently hit the ceiling during the violent maneuver. American Flight 901, a McDonnell Douglas MD-11 carrying 80 passengers, was on its way to Buenos Aires from Miami shortly before 1 a.m.

Wednesday when it suddenly went Eligible Voters Up 7.8 Million Since 1990 WASHINGTON (AP) There will be 7.8 million more U.S. residents of voting age this November than in the last midterm contests in 1990. The Census Bureau estimates that 193,650,000 residents will be 18 or older this November, including 8,172,000 in Illinois and 3,902,000 in Missouri. But in 1990, only 33.1 percent of those who were eligible voted. And in 1992, when a presidential contest heightened public interest, turnout was still only 50.8 percent.

While the number of Americans old enough to cast ballots is growing, the typical voter also is changing. The declining birth rates of the late 1960s and 1970s mean that fewer people are turning 18 than when the Baby Boom groups were reaching voting age. And that means that older people make up an ever larger share of the voting-age population. In November, people 45 and over will be a larger share of the voting-age population than in 1990, and the proportion of those 18 to 44 will be down. The Census Bureau's projection says people 18 to 24 will make up 13.2 percent of the voting-age population in November, down from 14.6 percent in 1990.

Those 25 to 44 will be 43.2 percent, down from 43.6 percent. But people 45 to 64 will comprise 26.3 percent of the voting-age population, up from 25 percent. And those 65 and over will be 17.3 percent, an increase from 16.8 percent. In addition, women will comprise 52 percent of the voting-age population nationally, outnumbering men by 7.8 million. 9 1 994, Reuters News Service LONDON California suffered a drought lasting several centuries during a period of global warming in the Middle Ages, a U.S.

climatologist reports. Scott Stine of California State University in Hayward wrote in the science journal Nature that his findings could have implications for scientists seeking to learn if the world is warming today. Stine studies ancient tree stumps rooted in present-day lakes, marshes and streams. He said the evidence from the stumps indicates that the Sierra Nevada suffered extremely severe drought for more than two centu The legislators said their new bill would meet that standard by allowing all municipalities that fit specific criteria to form new school districts. But critics of the legislation said it addressed the concerns of only one justice and not necessarily the court's majority.

And they charged that the governor and Legislature had rushed to help the Satmar community because they are thought to vote and give political contributions in a bloc. When the chemical causes the eyes can't the skin and causes can't be opened, Most people from the spray, plant and other About 90 percent been blasted already, Chief Billy Operations defended in this case incapacitating type know how to use Patterson said expose troopers "They give require them to TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (AP) Troopers in Florida will no longer have to be blasted with pepper spray now that the state has suspended a policy requiring them to get a taste of the weapon firsthand before they use it. The Florida Highway Patrol suspended the policy Friday after the state Labor Department began to investigate whether it posed a hazard to troopers. The investigation was prompted by a complaint from the patrol's Lt.

Harold Frear. Frear's attorney says that because highway patrol officials don't know the long-term effects of pepper spray, troopers should not have to get blasted. "We believe people exposed to the spray should know what they're being exposed to," the attorney, Ben Patterson, said. According to Labor Department officials, the spray contains hazardous chemicals, and at least four troopers subjected to the gas suffered injuries serious enough to require medical attention. Frear, who has been with the patrol 15 years, was not among them.

The patrol started the use of pepper spray on its troopers earlier this year as part of a program to train on how to use the weapon. During the training, troopers get shot with the spray so that they can feel its sting. When sprayed into a victim's face, the chemical burns sprayed into a victim's face, burns the skin and temporary blindness because be opened. temporary blindness because the eyes Lt. Chuck Williams said.

take about 10 to 15 minutes to recover which contains an extract of a hot pepper chemicals. of the patrol's 1,600 troopers have Williams said. Dickson of the patrol's Bureau of Field the use of the spray. "It is necessary because it does involve a temporary of aerosol spray that the officer the spray and feel comfortable with it." that was not a good enough reason to to a potentially dangerous chemical compound. troopers pistols, too," he said.

"They don't be shot with those Cuomo, Legislators Draft Bill To Preserve Hasidic School District "I'm personally disappointed in the utter disrespect and disregard the governor and Legislature have for the Supreme Court," said Louis Gru-met, executive director of the New York State School Boards Association. Grumet, who brought the original court challenge against the Kiryas Joel district, said the School Boards Association as a group and he as an individual taxpayer would challenge the new legislation in court. to favoritism toward religion in general and one sect in particular. In drafting the new bill, legislators seized on an opening they believed was supplied by Justice Sandra Day O'Connor. She said in a concurring opinion that the district might have been permissible if it had been created through legislation applicable to any municipality, not just Kiryas Joel, a village about 50 miles northwest of Manhattan whose residents are all Satmar Hasidim.

9 1994, New York Times News Service ALBANY, N.Y. Gov. Mario Cuomo and legislative leaders have reached agreement on a bill that would allow a public school district specifically created for ultra-Orthodox Jews to continue to operate. The compromise was reached Friday, only four days after the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the public school district was unconstitutional.

The bill agreed on is intended to address constitutional issues raised.