Daily Arkansas Gazette from Little Rock, Arkansas • Page 4

THE ARKANSAS GAZETTE, LITTLE ROCK. SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1914. PAGE FOUR an today said the United States gov- lira mam elal mission for Oarransa, it It said. Monday, It Is said, he has an engagement with Secretary Bryan in Washing- MAYTORENA LIFTS SIEGE ON BORDER the Gntierrea government' to obtain a tells history of pearl industry ton. general amnesty lor poincai onenaers, Both la and, ant of Mexico.

V4 MrtrmtrMTt1 TWImna Of all kinds, sixes and ha extra large Villa Adherent Withdraws His Forces From Before Naco, Sonora. William A. Owens Relates Interesting Account of Vast State Activity. few years, to be one that occupied the time of hoadredi and thousands of people along the river and lakes of Arkansas. VThis Induatiy1 reached its elima about 10 years ago, and since, that time, although many valuable have been found, the number of pearls found have rapidly decreased because the mussels have been gathered from all the shallow waters, and only thoae who are equipped With apparatus for deep water fishing can not continue in the business.

"These mussels, which are a species of the oyster family, were most numerous in the rivers and lakes of eastern Arkansas, of which rivers the White, Black, Little Bed, St. Francis and Ouachita rivers have produced the greatest the sh6W rooms of sY Bon, 418- Naco, Dec; 28. Governor Jose The pearl industry in Arkansas, from the time it was discovered, these jewels Were to be' found in Arkansas streams until the present, was described by William A. Owens at a meetin, of the i west waranam arrest, ttl Beck. Italian marble, American marble, Ban granite, foreign granite and Arkansas granite made op and ea display.

Estimates freely famished on any kind of cemetery work. We will gladly fnrniak sketches of work for the out-of-town patrons and answer say city calls on day of request Established 1890. home industry--no agents) no commissions. Large stock to select from. We invite prospective purchasers to get our prices.

Catalogs mailed free npoa application. PUtS BAN ON EXECUTIONS i' 1111 1 Outierrea Sternly Forbids Summary Punishments fot Any Off ens. Mexico Olty, Deo. v. 26.

Prevtmdnal -President Gqtierfea tonight is sued a circular to all generals of the armies ot the convention ordering them to cease all summary executions for whatsoever Offense. A copy of the circular was sent to Generals Villa and Zapata. The provisional president's secretary gave out an interview authorized by the chief executive in which he said that General Villa objected to, the circular as. unnecessary because Villa wished to run down "the assassins" and punish them. The statement follows: "Two rival conventions are la the field and three rival armies are struggling for ascension to power.

Unless some central authority is to be recognized in the very near future the most serious crisis in the history of Mexico soon will be reached. President Gutierrez is tired of receiving the brunt of all the complaints of the foreign diplomats. a frequent occurrence" for some over-sealous buyer to be hoodooed. "It is estimated by many of the pearl fishers that approximately1 700 shells are opened before one pearl is found. Of course the pearl may be In the IrstfBhelL or may be in ine six hundred and ninety-ninth shelL The Sbell Industry.

"The shell industry, which followed the pearl fishing industry and which still exists today, has been very profitable to the people along these eastern Arkansas rivers and lakes, and today there are many button' factories on White river and other rivers in this part of the state. i "These shells are gathered together along the river banks by the shell fishers and brought on barges to the local button factories and sold to these factories for from $15 to $20 a ton. A man who has good equipment for gathering shells can frequently gather from 300 to 1,500 pounds of shells a day. This mussel that we nave been talking about, when alive and in action crawls along the bed of the river with the use of the folds of meat within the shell, and stands open 'V shaped with the hinge or back of the mussel shell up so that when the drag is drawn along they close up like a elam on it and are drawn up into the barge. "In the shallow awterg mussel shells are gathered up in sacks or baskets by the use of the human hands.

The meat of the mussel is very easily removed from the shell after putting the shell in hot water. Little Rock Real Estate Bureau last TMteUHHX MAS TH IISMMTIMt "Only yesterday an order of the president concerning the safe conduct Til Yhttt rllli are sImmm a see. set sfsstsis tree frtsi Si hire tfwt Km im nnm ether nil. WW reHew (IHmimm, TeraM Unr. Heeatcae, MttMtoa, war wS Ass mC nwSM ft4fUoM sm k) sskMtdv stttsa week.

Mr. Owens, now manager of the real estate department of the W. B. Worthen Company, for a number of Tears was engaged in buying pearls for Tiffany and Company of New York. The history of this which, a few years ago, had assumed large proportions, was told by Mr.

Owens as follows: "Fifteen or twenty years ago the llshermen along the rivers and lakes of Arkansas learned that the meat of the mussel, taken fresh from the shell, made one of the most enticing fiah baits jthat Could be found. And finally ns they gathered these mussels from the shallow waters and cut them for fish bait they found that real pearls grew in the folds or meat of the mussel. And upon trying to sell these pearls they found them to be very valuable. Then these fishermen, as well as others, saw a way to make money out of these beautiful peach colored and cream colored gems, and began to turn their attention to fathering these mussels from the shallow waters, to pry them open and search for these gems as a real monoy-making business. Every pearl that was found increased the excitement, and the news nattered abroad among the country folk, as well as the speculators of the cities, and the industry grew within a )m tm wtmys.

PRICE. 29 CENT8 oi ituroiae was ignored by a commanding general, who insisted on the rearrest of Iturbide and who severely criticised Leon Canova, a representative of the American State Department, who was accompanying Itur-bide to the American "These shells are graded as to sizes' pmpamb roe CHICORY MEDICINE CO. LITTLE NOCK. ARK C. J.

UNC0IJ OistrlbutM Maria Ma-ytorena of ttonore today lilted the siege of Naeo, Sonora, opposite herer and retired to the southwest with his troops. He destroyed his works, burned his camp and removed all his artillery. During the night his troops west and south of Naco left their positions and at daybreak they concentrated four miles to the Southwest, where they boarded a train which has been there since the siege was begun nearly three months ago. General Benjamin Hill, commanding the Carranza garrison of Naco, sent out skirmishers, who had a bloodless encounter with the Maytorena rear guard. Hill's men took three, women prisoners and picked up a shrapnel shell left in the Maytorena camp.

It was brought into the garrison and exploded while being examined, killing three and wounding 13, two of whom died. Hill's scouts reported tonight that the train bearing Maytorena' army had disappeared. The railroad leads to Nogales and to Cananea. The scouts did not learn which of the two towns was Maytorena 's objective. Detachments of Hill's men visited Maytorena 's trenches tonight.

Twenty-one cases of cartridges were found at one outpost. The unburied were reported lying all along the line that had been occupied by Maytorena. In one spot, Hill said, nis men found 160 bodies, at another 78. The total loss of the Carranza garrison during the siege is placed at 185 by General Hill. Maytorena 's total loss was figured at 800.

On the American side stray bullets from the Mexican fighting lines killed five and wounded 47. Bullets by the thousand flew over the boundary into American territory during the siege, which began October 10, 1914. The removal of Maytorena 's besieg-made by Maytorena after his conference The removal of Matorena's besieging army fulfills an announcement Thursday with General Hugh L. Beott, chief of staff of the United States army, who came here in an effort to stop fighting at border points, where bullets endanger American lives and property. URGES GENERAL AMNESTY American Government Oontlnaea Efforts With Gutlerrw.

Washington, Dec 28, Secretary Bry- of layers is broken mad the air Is permitted to get underneath, then this layer will oxidise and cause the pearl to be of a doll eolor, and will be of small value, unless an expert removes the dead layer and permits the next layer to become the surface. life of a Pearl. "A pearl's life depends upon its being worn so that the breath or heat of the human body will keep it at a temperature similar to that to which it was subjected in its growth in the mussel shell. "A pearl will die, erack or become dull if locked away in a box or cold safe, and if not worn frequently. "I know of one instance where a pearl buyer of eastern Arkansas paid $3,600 for a very fine pearl, soon after it was cut from the mussel, on the bank of White river.

This buyer put the pearl in hie safe, and let it remain there for a few days until he got ready to go to New York to market it, and when he took it out of the safe to prepare for shipment, he found that the pearl had cracked and he was forced to sell it for $600, thereby suffering a loss of 000 on one single pearl. I have seen many pearls cracked and ruined in the early days of the pearl fishing in eastern Arkansas. I know of four or five individuals and firms in eastern Arkansas, anl Memphis, who have made above $100,000 out of the industry within the last 15 years. "In the early days of pearl fishing most of the pearls were found along these streams and lakes. During the summer months after they had laid by their crops they would go to the rivers and lakes and fish for pearls, frequently weeks at a time.

These people, of course, had very little idea of the value of these little round gems, and frequently sold them for 50c $5, while the buyer would probably sell them for from $5 to $500. It was in those days that the pearl buygr and speculator made his biggest money. But in the matter of time these people -who find the pearls became acquainted with the real values and the sie of the profits made. "To give an illustration of thiB, in one instance a local jeweler came into my oifice and offered to sell me a pearl, saying he wanted $24.50 for it. After examining the pearl I bought it and gave him the $24.50.

The next day I gave it to a friend to carry around to a certain cotton buyer in one of the larges eastern Arkansas towns, and offer it to him for $150. This speculator sent me a check for the $150; and in a few weeks took this pearl to Liverpool, where, I later found, that he sold it for the enormous sum of $950. This pearl was what pearl dealers call 'sea green' in color. Later, 1 asked the jeweler who sold it to me for $24.50 what he gave for It, and tie said that he gave a negro 50 cents for it. Thi of course, was in the early days of the game, when few people had any definite knowledge of the intrinsic value of this Arkansas jewel.

"But while many people made fortunes, it is also true that many suffered large losses in trying to deal in this uncertain commodity. "I know of more than one instance where steel, balls, buckshots and artificial pearls were sold to good, sensible business men for Arkansas pearlH. In one instance I know of, a negro selling a painted Buckshot for $75 to a good business man of a town in eas em Arkansas, but fortunately most of the money was recovered after a few hours by the officers and the purchaser of this pearl. It is a fact that many of the cherry colored or darker pearls resemble a leaden or steel ball, but of course anyone who knows anything at all about pearls would not make such a blunder because of its weight But when pearls were first found and marketed in Arkansas it was THE A.O.H.W. JAMES SANATORIUM 935 S.

BELIEVUE BLVD. MEMPHIS, IENN. Ancient Order of United Workmen. amount of profit to the pearl fishers; White river being the one river to produce the greatest number of both pearls and mussel shells. The towns of Clarendon, Dee Are, DeVall's Bluff, Newport, Batesville and Poeahontas were among the best markets of this industry.

How round. "The pearl of the fresh water mussel is generally found within the folds of the meat of the mussel near the small end of the shell, but it is frequently found in the lining or attached to other parts of the mussel's meat, or attached to the shell itself. "Very few -of the Arkansas pearls, considering the number found, are anything like perfect; since to be perfect the pearl must be symmetrical, and have a perfectly smooth surface and a deep luster. The round perfect pearl is the most valuable, and next to it in point of value is the button pearl, more particularly described as a half hemisphere in shape. The oval or egg shaped pearl is of less value than this button pearl.

Besides the above described pear) 8 there are the irregularly shaped pearls in the form of slugs, rosebuds, aud broaques, etc. The rosebuds and slugs are sold for a good price when of good color, and luster, and of sufficient size to be worked into breastpins or stickpins and are sold by the piece. But the poor grade of slugs and deformed pearls are sold by the ounce. The best pearls are sold by the grain, ranging ia price from $3 to $100 per grain, usually depending upon the size, perfectness and luster of the individual pearl itself. "The white, sea green and peach-pink colors are the most desirable colors; while the black pearl and the cherry colored pearl come next in point of value.

Pearls are sold more by comparison than by any other method or means of valuing. Many people have the idea that the pearl is polished to give it its high luster, but this is a mistake, for the best pearls are never polished. Only defective pearls need 'peeling' or polishing. How Grown. "Those best informed about the growth of the pearl tell ns that the growth of the pearl is started by a grain of Band or something of a hard nature getting into the flesh of the mus-sul, and the mussul in its efforts to cure this irritated spot or throw off the affected matter secretes a limelike or mineral substance similar to saliva.

This mineral saliva gathers around thii grain of sand or affected part, and in time surrounds this hard calloused spot, and forms a pearl which gradually increases in size and takes on the color of the inside of the shell and meat surrounding it. If this mass of pearly substance becomes mashed or deformed then an iiregular piece of pearl in the way of the rosebud, or slug, is produced. If this hard mass lies next to the shell then a flat or semispherical pearl is formed. "The pearl is formed and grows in layers similar to an onion, and if one when brought to the factory and are cut for varioua sizes of buttons, the cutter getting about 7 cents per gross for cutting in the rough. The average button cutter makes from $12.50 to $15 a week by working regularly.

After being cut the buttons are graded and shipped to the finishing factories in the East and North. One of the largest finishing factories is located in Iowa. After the shells are cut for buttons they are then sold for about $1 a ton for roadbed material, or ground into what is called chicken feed, and shipped to the different. markets. "One of the largest button factories on White river is situatod at DeVall's Bluff, where thousands of tons of shells are handled each year.

"The stories of pearl fishing surpass all fish stories in reality if you listen to the stories that can be told. "There is one instance where a little boy found a pearl on White river that sold for $1,200, and the money has been rightfully used for his education and today this young man is filling a splendid position with tredit to himself and to the firm for which he works. His parents are poor and still live in the country on the litle farm. "There is still another instance where a poor farmer found a pearl that sold for $2,200 and with $2,000 of this money he purchased a good farm and today is prosperous. "The very shell that is rejected by the fisherman or shell cutter might contain the most expensive pearl.

"I know of one instance when a man was driving by a farm yard with a load of shells and threw a mussel shell art a dog that came out and barked at him. The farmer picked up the shell, A Private Sanatorium for the Treatment of Drug Addictions, Alcoholism, Nervous Diseases, Tobacco and Cigarettes. Tft ra nti asniiA-litm may car on Mtvin tret. tranfrftn tat on Madison FREE TO ASTHMA SUFFERERS A Mew Home Core That Anyone Can Use Without Discomfort or Loss of Time. We have a new method that cures Asthma, and we want you to try it at ur expense.

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FABELA GOES TO LONDON 1 Oarranza's Forfeign Minister Will Pass Through Washington on Trip. i New Orleans, Dec. 26. Ysidro rabe-la, General Carranza 's foreign minister, left here tonight for Washington, en route to London on an important finan The fraternal spirit in the A. O.

U. W. is a well-emphasized a-ture, but closely linked into this is the fundamental principle of PROTECTION FOR THE HOME CIRCLE. Nothing can take the place of PROTECTION for the loved ones at home. A.

0. U. W. rates are verylow, owing to our well-managed Arkansas institution, under the supervision of Arkansas men. SAFE SOUND SECURE vvuusa.

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JAMES' HOME REMEDIES. Cost of treatment for drug addictions, alcoholism, tobaooo and cigarette habits and neurasthenia la dependant upon age and physical condition, kind and quantity of drug uaed, etc City office. Home Remedy Monroe open Sunday from to a. m. Correepondanee confidential.

(Advertisement) GRANDFATHER USED IT 50 YEARS ACQ I cut it open and found a pearl inside that sold for $17o. "Many of the pearls that are found in Arkansas are marketed in Memphis, Chicago and New York. While a few are marketed and retailed throughout the state of Arkansas, it seems that the foreign buyer and individuals aiwei- 1 FREE ASTHMA COUPON. FRONTIER ASTHMA Room 508J, Niagara and Hudson Buffalo, N. Y.

Send free trial of your method to: ate our Arkansas pearls a great 'deal more than our local people. HAVE YOU (SOMETHING You do not wactT Tou eau exchange it for something you do want by ia serting an advertisement in the Or. tette To Exchange Column. A 2S PURE-QUICK-SURE WOT'' id t-THi putti nnlt- EXTRA SPECIAL. EXTRA SPECIAL.

$3 Crepe de Chine Waists, $1.98. In all the new evening shades; flesh, maize, white, has the new flare collar; the EXTRA SPECIAL. 12.25 Fringed Crochet Spreads, 11.49. Large size, fringed, with cut corners for iron beds; regular 12.25 valne; Jfj iQ Monday only, each $JLsfx EXTRA SPECIAL. 60c Table Damask, Sfic.

64-inch, extra quality Bleached Table Damask; 10 different styles to select QPn from; Monday only, yard Otll 13.60 Crepe de China Waists, $2.45. The prettiest Waists we have ever offered for the money; many new styles to select from; new flare collars and cuffs; i 4C all colors; choice ifUtfU RE wo. nest value ot the season; choice $1.98 BUSY DEPT. STO "THE STORE OF GREAT VALUES. ALL LADIES' MEAPY-TO-WEAM MUT G2 HIS store has reached this decisicr and it is final.

Everything Suits, Dresses. Coats. Furs, Blouses have come under the blue pencil, some being reduced as much as 50 per cent. You will save by coming here tomorrow. $8.50 Serge Dresses $5.95 Coney $4L9i Up to $25 Suits $9.75 Broken lines of Suits, in a variety of new styles, including the new Military soodelS; extra well made of serges, gaberdines and poplins; values to (25; dQ rTP choice f)VtU Clearance of Boys' Clothing.

Up to $4 Overcoats, $1.90. About 50 Boys' Sample Overcoats, in grays, browns and Scot tish wool mixtures; sizes 8 te 10 years; fljl QC choice OA.eeJ $8 Balmacaan Coats, $3.40. An exceedingly pretty Une of Boys' Balmacaan end Overcoats, in all-wool, light and dark mixtures; choice fiJ AZ of the lot tJOateJ Up to $4.50 Suits, $2.25. Boys' Norfolk and Double" Breasted Suits, in neat wool mixtures of gray, brown and novelties; Suits that are (JO OP worth choice Up to $8 Boyi' Salts, $3.45. A complete line of the very nobbiest Boyi' Suit you've ever seen.

They come in gray and brown mixtures, blue serges and worsteds; Suite that dQ 4C are worth choice POe1 $3 riaoneletU Kimonot, $1.25. Ladies' Kimonos of fool quality flannelette) made utility style; a beautiful range of patterns; hole Mot flj-f )C day $150 Messallne Petticoats, $1.35. Ladles extra i wall-made Petti-coats of good quality, silk; fall ent with extra deep flounces; all colors; Monday op only FUR SETS $3.95 A limited number of Serge Dresses, in all the new satin and serge nearly all sizes are represented in this lot; values Qff Specials in Needful Articles. J. J.

Clark's Thread. J. J. Clark's, the best Cotton Thread; Monday only- 2 SPOOL8 FOR OC Williams' Shaving Soap. Williams' Shaving boap; the standard of the world; Monday only, cake OC Silk Nose Veilings.

Excellent quality Silk Nose Veil-lngs; worth 25e yard; IP. Monday only, yard JLJl Ruben's Vests. Tha genuine Ruben's Infant Vesta, in all sust ape- -I rj cial Monday only All Boys' Hose. Boys' Black Ribbed Hose; well worth 20c pair; Monday only 25c Boyi' Ties. Boys' Bilk Windsor Ties, in all colors; always 2Sc; ff Monday only J.OI Boudoir Slippers.

Ladles' Ooze Boudoir Slippers, in colors; Monday only, IQ pair '71 Crocheted Slipper. Ladlos' Crocheted Slippers, in colors all slites; Monday ir. only, pair i Tctlt Flt Slippers. ftadies' Felt Slippers, with felt solas; very trafmj Mon- 4 day aali pair TtUU sPletU to 8.50; choice $11 Serge Dresses $6.95 $10 College Coats 41.95 We hare 50 of these beantifnl aetB, which were good values at $5.95. Tomorrow only for $3.95 7 JO Coney Beta 10.00 Coney Sets 6.95 A large lot of exceedingly well-made Dresses, in all the new and wanted patterns.

They are her in the An excellent assortment of beantifnl well-tailored Coats; all the new, nobby effects so much desired just mnea wanted navy blue ana disci; aW wei. a positively worth Op to 110; as. a 9.00 15.00 Coney Sets values to $11; choice come tomorrow; choice oit is is -i se ii 1 j. .1. Hr rii fs nr iaaies nency oiik mmonos, in Dcauuiui iiorai designs; saim irinuncu, cuuicc $5 Silk Kimonos, $2.89 Monday An Opportune Money-Saving Event.

Right at the Time When You Need Them. A Great Blanket and Comfort Sale A Great Sale Household UnenG lOc Pillow Cases. 7V2C. $3 Woolnap Blankets. $219.

50c Bleached Sheets, 26c Our entire stock of Knit Underwear for men, women, misses and children, including the celebrated "Richelieu Knit Underwear, is offered for tomorrow and Tuesday at great reductions. To give prices is Quite sible in this limited space, but we assurs you that yon will shown some ot, the most remarkable underwear bargains ever presented in 42x30 Bleached Fillow Cases; made at good quality i 72x90 Bleached Hemmed Seam Sheets, or double beds; the kind that sell regularly for OCn raJUI tuV iWi 71A 1 special, ecah special, each 4 1 $L50 Bed Blankets, 98c Kue Soft Finish. Double-Bod 8iae Blankets, ia gray, whit aad tan, with pink or blue border; QQ il.60 talus; special, pair ...101 $2 Cotton Blankets, $U9. 72x90 Large-Sin Bed Blankets; wool finish; quality that sell regularly for 1 OQ special, pair tpXeO el 59c Bleached Sheets. 39c.

Bleached Bath Towels, 19c bvc xiieacnea onccis, oic oov juwaMicu nw8, auk, Hoary Quality, Large-Size Woolnap Blankets; regular $3 Talus; special, JQ $2.25 Heat Cotton Cotnf prtsV $U9f WnsJ reduction a these fine Bilkoline Covered Coin forte, that sell S8JB9 f-'AjCk special, each -4i. 73X00 00 Double 1W Sheetsj Soft finish; free from atarchj hrtra Urge Biae, Heavy Quality Turkish Bath ularBPovataa; 4'- regular 85c Talue; cleV i OV i special, each i X.V'1 tegul spec Little Kock. I sL.