St. Louis Post-Dispatch from St. Louis, Missouri • Page 1

ON TODAY'S EDITORIAL PAGE Back to the Mud With Editorial Progress, Not Decay, in the Schools: Editorial. Another Truman Fiasco in Missouri: Ernest Kirschten in The Nation. I FINAL Vol. 102. No.

202. (72nd Year). ST. LOUIS, MONDAY, APRIL 3, 195032 PAGES PRICE 5 CENTS LD PATC Bride at Immigration Hearing DESTROYER CHIEF REPORTS POSSIBLE HOUSE GROUP VOTES TO CANCEL -ELLEN KNAUFF ACTION DELAYED BY ALDERMEN ON Tffl DARST TRUMAN ASKS CONGRESS AGAIN FOR BRANNAN PLAN IN FARM POLICY SHAKE- UP CONTACTS 2 1H EXCLUSION ORDER LLSHDENTIFIEDSUBS AVOID 'MAKESHIFT Flying Saucers Real Aircraft Built by Navy, Magazine Says I 1j if 1: Associated Press Wirephoto. ELLEN KNAUFF testifying today in Washington.

I i Associated Press Wirephoto. One-third scale model of an airplane built in 1942 is shown mounted for wind tunnel tests at Langley, Va. United States News and World Report published the picture with its story on flying saucers. Subcommittee Unanimously Approves Bill After Hear ing Her Testify Justice Department Assailed. By EDWARD A.

HARRIS A Washington Correspondent of the Post-Dispatch. WASHINGTON, April 3 Congress moved Mrs. Ellen Knauff long, way toward her dream of becoming an American citizen today when the House Judiciary subcommittee on immigration unanimously approved a bill to cancel the exclusion order against her. Before the subcommittee acted, the pert alien war bride at last found fulfillment of her long quest for a hearing. Flown to Washington last night from Ellis Island in custody of woman security officer, Mrs.

Knauff was in the witness chair about 35 minutes. She denied categorically that she ever had given any information to foreign governments or anyone else. During the hearing, when the 35-year-old Mrs. Knauff told the committee she never has been told of the accusations against her, subcommittee chairman Francis E. Walter Penn sylvania, lashed out at the actions of the Department of Justice in the cae.

'Perfectly He Says. "I think this is perfectly outrageous," he asserted as Mrs. Knauff sat opposite him in rapt attention. "I'm of the opinion that the reason we have been denied access of the Justice Department's files is that some little clerk made a mistake in the beginning of this thing, and no one has the courage to admit it." This stern rebuke was delivered after Chairman Walter also had complained that the report on Mrs. Knauff from the Department of Justice had been delivered to his committee only five minutes before the session started.

The report, signed by Peyton Ford, chief assistant to Attorney General J. Howard Mc-Grath, merely outlined the work records of Mrs. Knauff and her husband, Kurt W. Knauff, and contained no confidential information as to the charge that she is a ''security risk." Pressed for any possible reason for the exclusion order, Mrs. Knauff said she did not like to repeat "gossip," but said she had reason to believe the accusations against her were first made by a woman who had kept company with Kurt Knauff before Ellen married him.

"And there's no fury like a woman scorned," observed Representative Graham Pennsylvania. Other Woman Interned. "My husband, before we married, had a girl friend who didn't amount to much, but she thought she did," Mrs. Knauff recounted. "She had been interned as an enemy alien, because she'd been born in Germany, like me.

She couldn't understand why I had never been interned, and concluded that' I must be working "Continued on Page 4, Column 5. Cooler Tomorrow THE TEMPERATURES. 1 a.m. 57 2 a.m. 57 3 a.m.

57 4 a.m. 57 5 a.m. 56 6 a.m. 55 7 a.m. 55 8 a.m.

55 9 a.m. 59 10 a.m. tfO 11 o.m. 2 12 noon 61 1 p.m. 60 2 p.m.

66 3 p.m. 70 4 p.m. 69 CENSUS BUREAU REFORTS 561,000 FEWER JOBLESS IN MARCH THAN FEBRUARY" WASHINGTON, April 3 (AP). THE Census Bureau today reported there were 561,000 fewer unemployed in March than in February. Secretary of Commerce Sawyer, who released the figure, said this "encouraging" improvement apparently indicated the expected spring business pickup had started earlier than anticipated.

Employment jumped from 56.953,000 in February to for March, an increase of 598,000. The March unemployment figure was 4,123,000. This compares with 4,684,000 unemployed in February, the highest in more than eight years. BURGLAR LEAVES RECEIPT, POLICE ARREST EX-CONVICT A reecipt for a payment made on an automobile, which police found while investigating the of a home at 4005 Gus- i tine avenue last night, led to the arrest today bf James R. Weir, former convict, 3023A Eads ave nue, whose name was on the receipt.

Milton Oldendorph of the Gus- tine avenue address reported the theft of two watches, valued at $80, and $12 from two piggy banks at his home. Police investigating the theft found that entrance to the home had been gained through an insecure bathroom window. The receipt was on the bathroom floor. When officers first visited Weir's home at 1 a.m., he was reported not at home. They waited nearby.

A short time later a youth started to enter the house, but fled when the officers approached, ignoring a warning shot fired in the air by one of the officers. At 5 Weir telephoned police, asking if they wanted to see him. They did. Questioned by Capt. James Doherty of the Ca-rondolet District, Weir denied the burglary.

He said he had given the receipt to a chance acquaintance at a tavern "for use as identification." THEFT OF SAFE ALL SET, SUDDENLY IT TURNS UNSAFE Police called to the Allied Finance 813 North Twelfth boulevard, early today found a pane of glass in the front door broken, a heavy safe moved up to the door and a stolen truck backed up outside, but no burglars. A private watchman. John Sterling, said he. noticed the broken glass and called police. The truck parked in front, police said, had been stolen from Earl Murray, 1335 Franklin avenue.

Herman B. Yawitz, 7346 Forsyth boulevard. University City, the owner of the company, said the safe normally was kept in a back office. He said a revolver valued at $25 had been stolen. Police said the burglars apparently had been frightened away by Sterling.

HOUSING' Zoning Measure Vote Put Off Union Men's Questions Hold Up Lease to Easterners of City-Owned Site. PROGRESS OR DECAY ST. LOUIS MUST CHOOSE Aldermanic action on Mayor Joseph M. Darst's housing program was delayed further today when the board decided to postpone final votes on the city-wide zoning bill and another, key proposal until Wednesday at the final meeting of the current board session. The other bill, of prime importance to the Mayor's program, would authorize a long-term lease of city-owned property to New York promoters of a 500-unit $7,000,000 apartment project in southwest St.

Louis. Darst had hoped for passage of both the zoning and lease measures at today's meeting, due to the lack of time remaining this session. However, labor interests raised a question over type of construction planned for the apartment project. The Mayor then agreed that the bill be returned to the ways and means committee, with the understanding that it can be reported out favorably in time for a final vote Wednesday. Zoning Decision.

Decision to postpone action on the zoning bill was made after considerable time was taken in discussion of an amendment proposed by Alderman Edgar Feely, who sought to raise height restrictions of multiple-story buildings from eight to 10 stories. Hs said the change was desired in connection with the Faith Hospital project on North Kings-highway. After other aldermen pointed out that Feely's proposal would affect similar buildings through out the city he withdrew his amendment and agreed to bring in another proposal Wednesday. ine board voted unanimously to resubmit the lease bill to the ways and means committee after the Mayor's agreement was an nounced. Alderman Anton Nie- meyer, committee chairman, said resubmission was decided on to permit inquiry as to whether con- vetnional brick construction was planned.

He said he was confident the committee would vote the bill out favorably before the Wednesday session. Leo H. Havey, business agent of the Bricklayers' Union, who talked to aldermen before today's session told reporters he had no information on whether pre-fabri-cated construction was contemplated and that he thought this point should be cleared up before final board action. Several aldermen were reported to have attended a meeting over the weekend, at which Matt O'Neill, a Democratic city committeeman and leader in the Bricklayers Union, also was present. None would acknowledge having attended the meeting, but several said before the board met today that they "thought maybe the bill should go back to committee." Talked With Aldermea.

The Mayor also had talked with aldermen over the, weekend, repeating the points he made Friday in. his personal appearance before the board, that the ordinance permitting the lease should be passed as a starter in encouraging private capital to invest in housing developments in St. Louis. Site of the project is a 32-acre tract owned by the city south of the infirmary and is bounded by Hampton, Scanlan and Fyler avenues and Jasper Park. Part of it is used as Potter's Field, a municipal burial place for unclaimed bodies.

The developers propose Continued on Page 11, Column 2. KSLH, SCHOOL FM STATION, TO TAKE THE AIR APRIL 13 The St. Louis Board of Education's frequency-modulation radio station, KSLH, will begin broadcasting April 13 at the Audio-Visual Division headquarters, 1517 South Theresa avenue, it was announced today. At first the station will broad cast programs designed to be coordinated with classroom work for only two hours a day, although it is expected broadcasting time will be increased to five hours a day eventually. Receivers for the programs have been installed in 191 elementary schools and six schools have FM receivers connected to public address systems going to each classroom.

Receivers will be installed in the city's high schools in the future. Miss Marguerite Fleming of the Audio-Visual Division has been appointed director of the station. It has a three-kilowatt transmitter and an effective radius of about 50 miles. Cost of remodeling the studio and installing the transmitting equipment was $98,000. One Dived, Other Took Evasive Action, Radar Indicated One Craft Near Vicinity Where Traitor Vanished.

SAN FRANCISCO, April 3 (AP) The captain of a United States destroyer reported today possibly making contact with one or more unidentified submarines off the California coast. Capt. J. A. Holbrook, himself a former submarine officer, said contacts with what he believed to be submarines were made twice last week.

Holbrook was in command of the destroyer Colohan, which was dispatched to search the area off Cape Mendocino after several reports had been received that un-derseas craft had been sighted. The Navy said no United States submarines were operating in- the area at the time. Traitor's Disappearance. At Avalon, the Navy threw a blanket of secrecy around a mysterious submarine reported sighted in the vicinity where a convicted traitor disappeared in the Pacific ocean. The modern -type submarine was spotted about eight miles off shore yesterday morning by tour coast guardsmen at the Point Ar-guello light station about 300 miles north of here.

Lookouts at a Coast Guard lifeboat station nearby also saw the craft. It "definitely was not one of ours," the coast guardsmen said. The supposed submarine was sighted yesterday about 150 miles northwest of the spot where a man believed to be wealthy Detroit importer Theodore Donay, 51 years old. disappeared from a rented motorboat. Donay was convicted in 1943 as a traitor for aiding Hans Peter Krug, an escaped Nazi prisoner of war.

He was released last year after serving six and one-half years in federal prison. Boat Found Adrift. Donay rented the boat here yesterday and told boathouse attendants he would be back in an hour before piloting it out of Catalina island harbor. The boat was found adrift 10 hours later in the open sea. Five hours and 20 minutes after the motorboat was found, the coast guardsmen reported sighting the submarine.

A suicide note was found in Donay's hotel room. It was not known whether the note actually was written by Donay. Navy intelligence officers refused to talk about the reported submarine and made no attempt publicly to link it with Donay's disappearance. Possible Contact. The Colohan left San Francisco Thursday afternoon, under forced draft, and with a hastily assembled crew.

It returned to San Francisco today. "We reached the area assigned at 9:30 p.m. Thursday," Capt. Holbrook said. "We immediately began search with electronic equipment.

At 11 p.m. we had radar indications which we tracked until 12:20 a.m. "From all indications it appeared that there were two submarines operating in the area. One dived and the other conducted evasive tactics which we tracked for about one hour. "I would evaluate this contact as possibly one or two submarines.

"The next possible contact was at 12:10 p.m. Friday, when we picked up a sonar contact. We tracked this for about an hour and then requested aircraft to verify it. This they did, keeping in sonar contact with the object for two hours more. "Operating Very Deep." "I evaluate this as a possible single submarine, operating very deep.

"We searched the area thoroughly for the next two and one-half days but made no further contacts. "It is my opinion, as a former submarine off icer, that we prob ably had contact with one or more submarines in the area. If there were submarines. I would say that they were of the most modern type and had the latest and finest equipment." Bolstering the report was the theory of Adm. Frederick I.

Ent- wistle, deputy commander of the western bea Frontier. He said he believed the unidentified submarine probably are Russian craft "on normal peacetime maneuvers." ALLEGED HEAD OF RED KIDNAP GANG IS KILLED IN AUSTRIA French Military Police Shoot Down Bulgarian Fleeing in Vienna. VIENNA, April 3 (AP) American and French military police last night shot and killed Benno Blum, a Bulgarian accused of being the ringleader of a Russian-directed kidnap ring. United States Army officials said Blum was shot down while attempting to escape from the home of a woman friend. They said he had been sought as the head of a gang that kidnaped refugees in Western-ruled sectors of Vienna and returned them to the Russian zone.

LEGISLATION, VOTE BASIC CHANGES. HE President Holds Program Should Be 'Less Offers Proposals to Revise Cotton and Potato Supports. WASHINGTON, April 3 (AP) President Truman asked Congress anew today to enact the Brannan plan with its dual goal of cheaper prices for perishable crops and direct Government payment to farmers. In an 1800-word message to members of Congress, Truman urged them to avoid "makeshift legislation" and get busy on fundamental improvements in a farm program he said would assume fair prices to both farmers and consumers. The message also gave specific reasons why the President last week signed a new cotton-peanut-potato law in which he saw objectionable features.

He said he accepted it only because good features seemed to outweigh the bad. Wants -'Less Costly' Setup. "I urge the Congress," he wrote today, "to proceed to consider fundamental improvements in our agricultural legislation to make it more efficient, less costly and more conducive to abundant production of farm crops, yielding a fair return to farmers, and selling at prices consumers can afford. Truman outlined two definite proposals: 1. Revision of permanent laws relating to cotton acreage allotments and marketing quotas, to provide for allotments "based primarily upon each farmer's past planting history." In addition, he said, such legislation should give ample leeway to local committeemen elected by farmers so they" may "alleviate inequities among their neighbors and make adjustments for local conditions." 2.

A production payment system for potatoes and other perishable commodities so that "unavoidable surpluses can be sold to consumers and used, instead of taken off the market and largely wasted." Feature of Brannan Plan. Production payments are a key feature of Secretary of Agricul ture Brannan farm program a program which Congress has shown little inclination to accept. Under that plan the products themselves would sell for ever they would bring on the market, instead of the present system under which prices are bolstered by Government buying. Such buying of" potatoes has built up a headache-producing surplus stock. Truman did not say "Brannan plan" in the words but he went along with all its ideas.

In addition to the direct payment to farmers, the Secretary's proposals include (1) maintenance of the present system of supporting non-perishable products by storing them under Government financ ing and (2) shifting of production from surplus crops to foods needed for better national diet. In today's message, Truman emphasized need for a halt in programs which pile up surpluses at high cost to the Government. Most of the message was given over to why the President s'r the bill last week boosti. federal limits on 1950 cottos and peanut acreage and re stricting potato price supports for next year. There will be no potato supports unless there are tight marketing controls.

Grounds for Charges. He said the measure provides more grounds for charges that the present farm program is costly and piles up unmanageble sur pluses while maintaining artificially high prices for agricultural commodities. "What is needed," Truman said, "is for the Congress to approach this problem with a view to cor recting the fundamental shortcomings is the presest farm program rather than patching it up with makeshift legislation." The President said the new law does meet an urgent need for relief of cotton producers and does hold out a promise of some improvement in the potato program. These features, he said, "out weigh the defects." But he slapped at one peanut provision as "a temporary aberration from proper legislation." In one respect, he sid, the new law would make the system of determining cotton acreage allotments worse instead of better. No Relief of Inequities.

The principal relief in the bill, the President said, is i.n the form of additional cotton acreage allotments. He said the measure does alleviate hardships in cases in which acreage cut have been too severe and inequitable. But he said there is no remedy for basic defects in the system of Continued Fase 6lam.ii 2. URGES IN MESSAGE LA 1 BARES HIS IU0RAN TO U.S. ON 01 Advised Against 'Exces sive Deployment Truman Orders Subpenas for Files Ignored.

WASHINGTON, April 3 (API-Owen Lattimore disclosed today he advised the State Department seven months ago that the United States should "avoid premature or excessive strategic deployment in the Far East." Lattimore's view was given in a confidential memorandum he submitted to a State Department advisory group last Aug. 18. It was made public today following a demand by Senator McCarthy Wisconsin, who has charged Lattimore with being a "Soviet agent" and the "archi tect" of American Far East policy. The State Department declined to make the Lattimore recommendations public, saying they were "solicited in confidence." But Lattimore gave out the material himself. In another development several hours earlier, President Truman in a letter from Key West, formally notified Senate investi gators that he has ordered federal officials to ignore subpenas asking them to release loyalty files of accused State Department employes.

Lattimore Recommendations. Lattimore's memoranda included the advice that the United States should abandon further support of Chiang Kai-shek, avoid trying to bring trade pressure on Oommunist China, and withdraw as soon as possible from "entanglements" in South Korea. His advice against "premature or excessive" commitments in the Orient was given in connection with a recommendation on dealing with Soviet Russia. "If there is to be war, it can only be won by defeating Russia not northern Korea, or Vietnam, or even China," Lattimore said. "If there is to be a long peace, the primary factor in making peace possible will be a stabilization of relations between the United States and Russia," he added.

Lattimore's memoranda made up a 2400-word document submitted at State Department request to a three-man group named by Secretary Dean Ache- Continued on Page 4, Column 1. UM NG PEDESTRIAN CURB BILLS JEFEATED 7 Republicans Vote 'No' on Slot Devices Preventing Two Thirds Majority. The parking-meter and pedestrian-control bills were defeated in the Board of Aldermen today. Seven Republican aldermen, voting against the parking-meter bill, prevented the measure from receiving the necessary two-thirds majority. The vote was 17 for and 7 against.

Approval by 20 aldermen was necessary for passage. The pedestrian-control bill, which would require pedestrians to obey traffic signals and traffic officers under penalty of being charged with a misdemeanor, was soundly defeated. Twenty-three aldermen voted against the measure and two for it. In a debate on the parking-meter proposal. Alderman Charles P.

McBride said: "I can't see where parking meters are of any assistance to traffic problems in large cities. Most of our traffic troubles are in getting people in and out of downtown." Taking up the revenue-producing aspects of the meters, McBride declared: "We don't need this type of tax. It's just as obnoxious as the cigarette or amusement ta-x." He contended further that the proposed bill would establish a split of authority between the city treasurer and the commission which would be set up to decide where the meters should be installed. The provision in the bill for creation of a commission made mandatory a two-thirds majority vote for passage. Walter W.

Ziegenbalg, a Democrat and aldermanic vice president, who introduced the bill, said parking meters have worked successfully in such cities as New York, Rochester and Chicago. The debate was shut off when Democratic members demanded a roll call. Aldermen voting against the bill, in addition to McBride and Caston, were: Charles E. Al-banese, president; Carl W. Guet-schow, Ray Lohse, Linton Peterson and J.

Ray Weinbrenner. A few Republican aldermen voted for the measure. A bill barring the sale of lurid comic books to children under 18 years of age was passed unanimously. Failure to obey the order was made a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of $50 to $500. The bill, introduced by Alderman Alfred I.

Harris, exempted newspapers from its provisions. An appropriation of $68,000 for rehabilitation of 40 of the city's older playgrounds was voted. Bills were passed for installation of stop signs at Louisiana avenue and Miami street and at Twenty-second and Pine streets. Judge McLaughlin told reporters he has been a Brown rooter since 1902 when he was a student at old Christian Brothers College and the then newly-organized Browns conducted spring training on the college campus. He exhibited an unopened envelope received from the Cardinals last April, which he said contained an unused season pass to National League games here.

The case in which Judge McLaughlin called himself out on strikes is the $25,000 damage suit of Mrs. John T. Hughes, 2911 Geyer avenue, for injuries she alleged were received when leaving a Cardinal Brooklyn game in 1946. A jury began hearing the suit in the court of Circuit Judge William H. Killoren, whose baseball sentiments are not as pronounced as those of Judge McLaughlin.

I PARK MEIER U.S. News and World Re port Asserts Disks Are Genuine, Powered by Jets. WASHINGTON, April 3 (AP) United States News and World Report says there is competent evidence that flying saucers are real aircraft of revolutionary sign, developed in the United States. The weekly news magazine for April 7, out today, concludes that the Navy is doing the development. (The Navy, asked about such reports Friday, said it built only one machine of the general saucer shape, a piston engine aircraft, and it never flew.

It said it never built a jet version.) Reports 'Real' Reporting what it calls the "real story" behind the welter of reports about such flying machines, the magazine says "engineers competent to appraise reports of reliable observers" have reached these conclusions: "Flying saucers, seen by hundreds of competent observers over most parts of the United States are accepted as real. Evidence is that they are aircraft of a revolutionary type, a combination of helicopter and fast jet plane. "They conform to well-known principles of aerodynamics. "An early model of these au-cers was built by United States engineers in 1942, achieved more than 100 successful test flights. That project was taken over by the Navy in wartime.

Much more advanced yodels are now being built. "Just where present saucers are being built also is indicated by evidence now available." The article says early models were built by engineers of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Names U.S. Designer. It credits the first United States model to Charles II.

Zimmerman of the N.A.C.A., reporting that the machine was elliptical in shape with two-piston engines driving it at a top speed between 400 and 500 miles an hour. More important, the article goes on, it had a landing speed of about 35 miles an hour and could rise almost vertically. In what was described as an analysis of reports from observers, the magazine says the machines are exactly 105 feet in diameter and appear to be about 10 feet thick. The article quotes a "top-level" Government aeronautical engineer" as concluding that variable-direction jet engines supply power for both propulsion and maneuvering, the number of engines turned on, the angle to which they are turned, and the power applied to them determining the direction and speed. apolis in 1948.

They stayed four months and decided to return here. Somewhere between In dianapolis and Decatur, 111., on Sept. 22, Stubby jumped out of the moving truck. McKinzie made repeated attempts to find the dog. Last week, as McKinzie walked past a house where he used to live, he saw Stubby sitting on the sidewalk.

His footpads were swollen. He was bloated from hunger. He. hardly knew his mas ter. McKinzie picked him up, and took him to the house where the family now lives.

Judge, a Browns Fan, Won't Umpire Damage Suit Against Cardinals Unofficial. Normal maximum this date, 60; normal minimum. 42. Ysterday'a lush. 58 6 p.m.; low, 43 st 6 a m.

Pollen count, 24 hours to 9 a.m.: Elm, 40; maple. 5. Weather in Other Cities, Page 3A, Col. 1. Official forecast for St.

Louis and vicinity; Mostly cloudy and cooler tonight and tomorrow with occasional showers or thundershow-ers; lowest temperature tomorrow morning: about 45; highest in the afternoon near 50. Missouri: Showers and nderstorms with strong shifting winds over most of state tonight; colder late tonieht: to CiAb-iAA TROUBLE. POST-DISPATCH WEATHER BIRO MEG. u. pat.

or. morrow cloudy, windy and colder with snow flurries in north; lowest tonight 35 in northwest to 45 in southeast; highest tomorrow 35 in northwest to 45 to 50 in southeast. Illinois: Cloudy; rain changing to snow in extreme north tonight and ending over most sections tomorrow morning; heavy amounts of rain likely in south and central tonight; colder tonight and tomorrow; lowest tonight 32 in extreme north to about 50 in extreme south; highest tomorrow around 40 in north to 50 in south. Sunset, sunrise (tomorrow, 5:42. Stage of the Mississippi at St.

Louis, 18.7 feet, a rise of 1.6; the Missouri at St Charles, 20.6 feet, a rise of 2.3. All wttir ft, JncJudin enrertrt arl temperatures supplied bi U. S. Weaiaer Bureau. Ul Dog Walks 18 Months, 1000 Miles To Return to Mute Invalid Girl Circuit Judge James E.

McLaughlin, life-long rooter for the St. Louis Browns, declined today to preside at the trial of a suit for damages against the St. Louis Cardinals because "the court is so biased and prejudiced against the defendant." In a facetious vein, Judge McLaughlin passed the case out of his court with the following observations for the record: "The court has seen a strike cutting the heart of the plate called a ball and a single to center ruled a foul ball. These were dishonest decisions. This court is so biased and prejudiced against tha defendant it does not want to be in the position where its decisions could be called dishonest.

The court desires to pass this opportunity to call the shots on a hated enemy." COLORADO SPRINGS, April 3 (AP) The old sparkle was back in Delia Shaw's eyes today. That is the only way the 15-year-old girl could show Stubby she was glad he is back home. Delia has been an invalid since birth and cannot talk. Stubby, a 6-year-old mongrel and Delia's special pet, trudged 1000 miles from Indiana to come home. It took the dog a year and a half.

Harry McKinzie, his wife and granddaughter moved to Indian ii ifii if- r--i ii" J- i.