St. Louis Post-Dispatch from St. Louis, Missouri • Page 65

If i- ST. LOUIS POST-DISPATCH. SUNDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 18, 1910. ST. LOUIS POST-DISPATCH.

LLIARD AND POOL EXPERTS DISCUSS SCIENCE OF TWO GAMES EIF SELECTED, SHOULD PROVE VALUABLE MAN FOR BROWNS FRED LAK AUTO NEWS BROWNS OWNERS SHOW COMMOTE TO ST. LOUIS CUE EXPERTS WHO HAVE DIFFERENT VIEWS ON THE SCIENTIFIC POINTS OF BILLIARDS AND POOL LOCAL BOWLERS HOPE TO OUTDO OMAHA RECORDS ths Warren Motor Car Oa, DstrafV 1 pant several days daring ths wto. with ths Colonial Automsbils agsnts hers for ths Warrsa Detroit Cr" 5 Ths agency for St. Louis and ssr-i era! oounties nearby for ths Brush Automobile and the Brush delivery, car has bsen placed with tha Colonial, Automobile C. H.

Daabeld. manager, t' M. O. Price, president of ths sourl' Motor Car agents for the Marmon and Anoplex cars, has le-turned to his desk after an absence of two months. Sam T.

Wallace, salesman for lhe Fisk Rubber St. Louts braueh. returned Saturday from sn extonjed' trip through the South. --If II J5 Mm tU-rt2M lil-F eterson and Morgan Talk of Science and Nerve in Gue Games MAKE MORE ROOM Elevated Aisle to Be Erected at St. Louis Coliseum to Care for Exhibitors at Auto Show.

Preparations for ths St. Louis Auto mobile Show at the Coliseum, to open there Feb. 13, have progressed to the point where there is no more space to be had until the platting of the elevated aisle is completed. This was the report made to the Show Committee which met at the Coliseum Saturday at 5 p. m.

This committee consists of one representative of each of ths exhibitors. Manager F. W. Payne told the com mittee that he would shortly have the decorator from ths Madison Square Garden Auto Show in St. Louis to sub mit a design for the decorations and that he believed they would eclipse any similar attempt mads In this city for beauty.

Added to the list sf exhibitors pub lished in ths Post-Dispatch last Saturday are ths Franklin car and the Ram bler car. With these spaces ths total allotment of main floor space was com pleted. Ths proposed elevated aisle, to be built over the seats, will give 8000 more feet of spacs. Ths plat of this will be out Wednesday. A line of rigid rules for ths conduct of the show was adopted by the meeting Saturday.

It was also decided to heavily advertlss ths show In ths territory within a radius of 300 miles of St. Louis. i As ths St. Louis show will immediately follow the Chicago twosweeks" show, some of ths finest cars exhibited there will be sent to St. Louis for exhibition by ths manufacturers.

MOTOR NOTES AND GOSSIP. Morris Eisenstadt of St. Louis has Just had delivered to him by the Superior Motor Sales a special Stoddard-Day ton limousine car w'th enclosed front, the tody of which was built for him and upholstered after a special design. Frank R. Tate, manager of ths United St.

Louis Motor returned Saturday from Akron, where he went to be present at the funeral of his father. Ths Rex Automobile Co, has secured ths agency for ths St. Louis territory for ths Auburn car, manufactured by the Auburn Automobils at Auburn, Ind. It ranges in price from $1000 to $1750. P.

F. Willis, president of ths Henderson-Willis Welding A Cutting was invited to read a paper to the students of the Missouri Slate University and give them a demonstration on oxy-acetylens welding. Ths address was delivered Saturday. Milton Schslp Jr. has bssn put In charge of ths automobils department of the John Deere Plow agents in the St.

Louis territory for ths Jackson car. The McCulley-Deane Co. has opnied business at 3919 Olive street with a line of automobile and other electrical specialties. Special Representative Rathbun of WjT 7 HICII game requires more science and nerve, pool ori bill-11 iards? That question is an oft repeated and seldom an-steered one among cue enthusiasts. Charles Peterson, the local billiard expert, tells why he believes a billiard player requires more science and nerve than a pool player.

John Horgan, whose specialty is pool, takes the opposite view. Their reasons are 4 1 DALWITZ WINNER BY CLOSE MARGIN Crowd Hisses. When M. A. Boy Gets Verdict Over Frank Kuptz.

Charley Dalwitz of the Missouri Athletic Club, received an unpopular decision in bout with Frank Kuptz of the South Broadway A. C. in tne feature event of the boxing show at the South Broadway A. C. last night.

Kuptae fought Dalwitz even all the way. At times, it seemed as though the S. B. A. C.

boy hac the edge over his older rival and when the Judges decided in the favor of the Cherry boy, the large crowd hissed the verdict. Quite a surprise was sprung when Freddie Gillmaster, another S. B. A. C.

boy defeated Jack Shelton, the reinstated professional. Shelton did all the leading but Gillmaster cleverly blocked most of his blows. In the last round Gillmaster forged to the front and the judges decided In favor of the South Sider. 1 Pat O'Toole, an unattached boy, was beaten in his bout with Young Attell of the South Broadway A. C.

The bout caused a lot of fun. It was the Irish against the Hebrew. O'Toole had a nice uppercut but it lacked steam. After three rounds of milling the judges disagreed and Referee Harry' Shj.rpe decided in favor of Young Attell. This decision met with the disapproval of the crowd.

Jim Murphy was the fourth S. B. A. C. boy to be returned a winner.

He received the decision at the end of three rounds over Will Staengel, an unattached 105-pounder. Jack Pezolt of the S. B. A. C.

was scheduled to meet F. Tobin of the Business Men's Gymnasium, but the latter failed to report for duty. The final bout was between Benny McGovern of the M. A. C.

and Willie Wackerlin of the S. B. A. It lasted only two rounds, as Wackerlin injured his wrist and was forced to retire, the decision going to McGovern. FORMER M'KINLEY STARS TO PLAY WITH TURNERS' TEAM The South St.

Louis Turners and the North St. Louis Turners' teams will meet in what should prove one of the best basket ball games played this year at the Sooth St. Louis Hall. Both teams are in the Turners' Lesgue and are strong contenders for th9 pennant. The South Side aggregation has a few of the fast former MeKinlev stars in Tolkacz.

Newman and Zachritz In the line up. Thi game will start at 3 o'clock. The other game of the league wll! played at the Social Turner Hall, the Sorfals and the St. Leos team measuring their skill. 7 7 9 BOSTON CLUB IS FINALLY SOLD W.

P. Russell and L. C. Page Take Over Interest Held by J. P.

Harris. BOSTON, Deo. 17. William Hepburn Russell of New York, L. Page of Boston and their associates to day bought the greater part of the stock in the Boston National League Baseball Co.

from John P. Harris of Pittsburg. Harris met Russell and Page this morning, spent aq hour or so in ths office of the American Trust where the deal was closed, and then all went to the office of the club, where the stock was transferred and an election of officers held. Harris got $100,000 for his stock. Russell, who was sleeted a director of the club at.

ths last meeting, now is president and L. Couss Pago of Bos ton is vice-president. Frederick J. Mur phy of Boston was elected a director of the club, as well as its treasurer, and George A. Page, a brother of L.

C. Page, was made secretary and a di rector as welL Mr. Harris said after the meeting: "I am still to remain in having an opportunity to purchase an interest in ths Pittsburg Baseball Club Monday. This I shall do, for I feel that it is much better to be interested In my own town, and so took advantage of the opportunity when it presented Itself. I disposed of my Boston interests in order to get into the Pittsburg club." 1 Mr.

Russell said: "Definite plans as to who will be manager of the club will be announced later." SOLDAN BASKET BALL TEAM WINS FROM CENTRAL FIVE Soldan retrieved the honors lost on the gridiron to Central High on Thanksgiving day bv decisively a featlng ths red and black basket ball team in the inaugural contest of the intsrecholastlo season, Saturday arternoon, at Louisiana Hall, 41 to 27 For the first time In history of In terscholastic League athletics On. tral dropped its opening basket ball contest. The play was clean throughout besides being fast and aielttnr Sol dan's passing and team work were well detmed. baffllna- the Cm tral players to some degree. Central was also weak on shooting, Marti ng being the only one to score with any consistency.

SoMan (41). Positions. Centra! (27). Baker U9 Left forward. i3 Orsnt Martlng-MeBsltoh MrMnniis-Rles.

gard SckaumbTs; forwT(J. Brooks (4 Bobel-Kelser. Left guard. i I'M 1 WOULD DO WELL TO OBTAIN LAKE New Englander Has Shown That He Ranks With Wise Baseball Men. NEVER GIVEN A CHANCE He Uncovered Red Sox Youngsters but Taylor Kept Him Only a Year.

Bruce Says Wallace Will Be Manager if Lake Does Not Come CINCINNATI. Dec 17. JOHN E. BRUCE, secretary of ths National Commission, and a stockholder In the St. Louis Browns, returned today from New York, where he attended a meeting: of the American Lfague magnates.

A. Manny Hodgman, who repra-sented the syndicate that purchased Robert L. Hedgres' Interest In the club, will likely ucceed Hedges as president, according: to Bruce. "Fred Lake Is the man desired to manege the club," said Bruce, "but if he Is not obtain able, it Is probable that Rhody Wallace will be named. He wasn't considered before as he refused the Job." The sale of the Boston National Leagrue club yesterday and the appointment of Fred Tenney as manager of the club almost sure to follow, will leave Fred Lake clear to negotiate with the 'new owners of the Browns for the position of Jack O'Connor's successor.

Lake has been most prominently mentioned of a large list of candidates for the management of the Browns. But because there were several delays in the transfer of the Boston club, his hands were tied and he knew not whether he was to continue as skipper of the Hub aggregation. Lake was in New York to attend the leagrue meeting's. Tls needless to say that he was busy in his own interest. He and E.

Manny Hodg-man and Ben C. Adkins are reported to have had several conferences. Ftelder Jones Wont Come. Lake looms up as the most valuable of the small group of high class managers available. It was reported that Fielder Jones might come.

Jones was a great player. Also a grand leader. But two years' absence from the game has dimmed his knowledge of the players now in the blar arena. Then much of .1 ones' success was due to his own presence in his team's lineup. He Is now of Falstafflan build.

His idleness has caused him to grow fat. Weighing more than 200 pounds, it would be impossible for him to train down to his former playing weight and at the same time retain his old time cleverness. But at any rate, Jones la available. Lake now looks as though he will be the next manager and he should prove a good one, if given the opportunity. His career in the game has been a long one.

While he was never rated as a star while serving as one of Boston's catchers many years ago, he has had Quite a little success as a minor league man-agen and as a scout. Lake IV ever Had a Chance. A a big league manager. Lake has rtally never had a chance. He first sprung into prominence during mid-season in 1908 when Owner John I.

Taylor of the Boston Red Sox fired Jim McQulre. who had been managing his club. Lake, who had served as the Boston American scout for several seasons, supplanted the "Deaoon." He finished the 108 season and also managed the club in 1909. It was that year that the Red Sox played great baseball and were picked as a pennant contender for 1910. During the off-season Lake is said tn have asked a t6500 contract of Toylor for 1910.

The latter refused and Patsy Donovan, who succeeded Lake as scout of the Rod Sox. also succeeded him as man ger. Although having a good club last season. Donovan failed to register the expected hit. take Bnllt Tp Red Sox.

While Jim McGulre was generally credited with having built up the Red Sox. it really was Lake. He toured all sections of the country and picked up most of the players who helped make the Boston Americans such an Impressive looking aggregation. As the scout of the club, he was responsible for the players that were sent up for trial. When he found himself out of Taylor's employment.

Lake hooked on with the Boston Nationals. With this -F nation last year, he was unable real managerial ability because of th lack Of material. The tall-end Doves really seemed as poor a baseball outfit as the Browns, as far ss the individuals were concerned, but Lake had a scheme of play. He tried to have his men perform smart baseball. Lak Impresses ons with his hustling.

He is ambitious and never tires of coaching or helping his players. In the few and limited opportunities Lake has had. he showed he knows some-thing of the game. Olven a fair isl and material here, he seems eer- 'd to 'osper. St.

Louis Tenpinners Will Have Slight Advantage in A. B. C. Event. DUFFY'S WILL SHOOT Middle-West'Winnsrs Should Be Dangerous Team in Alley Classic at Coliseum.

Following their good showing in the Middle West tournament recently at Omaha. local bowlers are confident that the reputation of St. Louis tenpinners will be more than upheld in the A. B. national tournament, which Is scheduled to start in the Coliseum Jan.

II. The competition will be much keener. but. on the other hand, the local men will not be handicapped by having to take a tiresome railroad Journey, as was the case in the Omaha events. They will also have the advantage of being the last bowlers on the schedule.

In the Middle West tournament the Duffys took first place In the five-men event with a score of 2909. W.SH. Mu-sick and C. M. Barker composed the highest St.

Louis two-men team, landing tenth in She doubles with 1148 pins, while Jule Schmitt and Brace Jarrett upheld the honor of the local men in the singles, ranking third and thirteenth in the tournament with 638 and 594 pins respectively. Dnffya Form Great Team. The Duffys undoubtedly form one of the greatest aggregations of bowlers ever gotten together in St. Louis tenpin circles. With one or two exceptions.

their lineup has remained unchanged for several years, during which time they have won two Middle West championships and taken second in another. Their lineup In the recent tournament was: M. Kern, L. Lambers, H. Dean, J.

J. Pflueger and A. C. Jelllson. Other high-class bowlers who have rolled with the team are H.

B. Sanders, C. Stokes and George Qualey. Their score of 2909 pins in ths five-men event at Omaha took first place by a generous margin, ths next nearest team being the Mets Bros, of Omaha. This latter team was the only ons that the members of the Duffys claim made them worry at any time during the teur-nament Dean Doing Good Work.

In ths uational tournament ths only probable change that may be made In their lineup is the substitution of H. B. Sanders for H. Dean, and even that Is not certain if Dean keeps up- his present high-class rolling. The team rolls in the Palace Scratch League, where it now stands third.

All the men on this team have made a reputation for themselves in the bowling world. Kern a National Champion. M. Kern has won the Middle West and world's championships. Dean, was on the doubles team, which rolled second in the national tournament it Pittsburg in 1909.

Flueger is one of the few bowlers who possesses a hooked ball over which he has perfect control, and A. C. Jelllson, the anchor man, has not only taken the A. B. gold medal for a -300 score, but is without doubt one of the best long-distance bowlers in the country.

W. H. Musick and C. M. Barker, two of the best-known tenpin enthusiasts of this city, are determined to roll together again in the national event, next month.

Barker is President of the St Louis Tenpin Association, and bowls with ths Mentor team of ths Royal Arcanum League and with ths Grand team in the St. Louis Tenpin League. He Is known as ons of ths steadiest bowlers In St. Louis. MnMrk Has Iee Record.

W. H. Musick, his partner, is president of the Royal Arcanum League, the largest league In ths world, beln composed of 86 clubs. He bowls with the Mentor I. team, which has the highest team average in the league.

To show what class of bowler he is. it is only necessary to mention that with h's average of ISO for the season he stands at the head of 150 bewlers, and he has maintained this average on 3 alleys. Musick bowled with ths Diets at Omaha. They ranked third among the St. Louis teams.

He will bowl with th Mentor I. team of the Royal Arcanum League In the A. B. National event This league will enter from ten to fifteen teams In the tournament in January. It Is hardly necessary to comment on the past work or class of Jules Schmitt and Brace Jarrett.

who were the highest of the St. Louis bowlers in the singles at the recent Middle West matches. They both rank as topnotchers in St. Louis and can a'ways be counted on to make a good showing in any tournament that they enter. Schmitt rolls with ths Dlels.

formerly ths Regala. He was with ths Regals when that team mads ths world's record of 1236 pins for a slngls game. Jar rett is a member of ths Stlfels team, which is at present leading ths Commercial Leagus. Tsrtn Basket Ban 'Oaarsda 111. OSWEOO.

N. Das. 17. W. Dickinson, captain of ths Tufts College basketball ttim, was stricken" with appendicitis shortly after ths conclusion of a gams bsrs yesterday and was Immediately operated upsn.

His condition Is various. TTatets Chwreh FTva Wtu. Ths Union Church basket ball team dsfsatsd ths Christ Church basket ball team last night. (1 to IS. Ths feature of ths gains was ths playl of Urtn- TO SELL RAYFIELD CAR.

Ths Brlnkman Automobile at present at 2437 South King's highway, has taken the agency for this territory for ths Rayfield car, built at Spring- field. 111., by the Rayfield Motor Car Co. F. J. Ray field, brother of ths man- ufacturer of ths car, is associated wlth C.

F. Brlnkman In the Brlnkman Auto- mobile which also handles ths Wll-3 cox trucks. ntiViisatnmilhsTi I If lav forbade motor car fj ni every motorist would l.i have to uss (1 a to pravant grinding of gears and the other wear that tnakos his car noisy. WEED CHAINS Dsii leave wtnur aarasS) out Weed Chains. Absohny necessary positively skidding.

Jones Speedometer SENSITIVE In response to the slightest change In car speed. fvWJ3F.JiH '4. i 3S each for many styles of 4 Rlnss, for ladles or sent la SIS for a bunch a 3 to ningm. all la 14-k. thla $80 1 wo show mes.

i II SJ m. tii. Co. KlNLOCHt Del mar 402 fni.i.ijnaiim iJUMB.J'ai-ajiss.jsji,gsLjii, ii ii II hi ii HOil'FMiJOIL a- CHRISTMAS WATCHES DIAMONDS ON EASY Pi YKinZGTQ sift more acceptable than a watch; we -r every style nl evcrr price. Tb latest Is the I.OIll for fnllrmro mrl the "I.AIV KM.1N for I nc r.l.l.l.- is lie tiniest I.artlea' Hatrh ever maale In Amrrlns "Til Iw LORD JiLCjIN" Is the newest very thin small watch, so rouiU admired by all man IF Charles Peterson, Red Ball Billiard Champion of the World, only wore glasses, his smile, when asked about the comparative amounts of science and nerve necessary in billiards and pool, would have resembled that of the late humorist.

Bill Nye. His smile arose partly from the consciousness of what he went through to hold the Red Ball title against such players as Albert Cutler, Harry Kline, Alfred de Oro, John Daly, Joe Capron, Frank Day and John Horgan. "Outside of a few thousand reasons that I might rive for kziowlng that the billiard game is- the more scientific," said Peterson, "let me answer your question by asking you one in return. Why hasn't pool progressed any in the last 18 years?" "Albert Frey, was world's champion at that time, was undoubtedly the greatest pool player that ever lived. If there is as much science in that game as there is in billiards, why has there not been the constant progression in pool that there has been In billiards? Player Xever Learns All.

"Just as in almost any branch of learning it is the scientific research that developes, so it Is in this billiard game. A man never learns all there is to the game. He can't, because the number of shots is infinite." Peterson says that Shaefer, Ives, Hoppe, Sutton and others had all agreed with him that there was absolutely no comparison between the two games. "All of these men," he continued, "started out as expert pool players, took up the game of billiards and abandoned pool, and right here comes in our logical deduction of the superiority of billiards. "The players I mentioned ca gs to a pool table and with very little practice play almost as good a game as they did In their prime, but on the other hand in order to keep up their standard In biliards they must keep hammering away day after day.

This is not only for the sake of keeping their eye in, but to be constantly adding to the vast knowledge of angles which a player has to learn. Lara-e Pocket la Pool. "In pool one needs an accurate eye, a steady hand, a steady nerve. This much for the player of ordinary ability. For the professional let me add strategy, which means safety, running nnd trickery.

The billiard player needs all these qualties, plus concentration. Intuition, confidence, perfect eye and extraordinary Judgment of distance. In pool you have a large pocket to aim for, while with the billiard ball the variation of an infinitesimal part of an inch to the right or left causes you to miss or make your shot. "Again, in pool all there is. is a forward stroke with an occasional draw or follow, while In billiards the stroke Is manifold.

It is straightaway stroke, left and side upper stroke, left and side low stroke, low draw, side draw, follow an masee. Say Pool la "I "would say billiards is scientific, while pool is plodding. Both of these games had their Inception In what is called the old Jenny Llnd gams with pins and holes, than developed Into pool tm' billiards. Pool remained at standsti. where tt is tsday.

billiards progressed from what Is knswn as the old English with Docket; later Uie pockets were eliminated, next four balls were used and now only three balls are used. "This evolution in ths gams has been accomplished solely through science. Such men as Schaefer, Ives, Hoppe and Sutton have become so marvelously proficient at the game as even bewilder college professors who claim that certain shots cannot be classed In ths category of their DOL requires a world more of nerve and science than billiards ever did or ever will," says John Horgan, the former world's champion pool player. Probably not many, people havs a very clear idea of how Horgan won the title of world's "champion, which qualifies him to speak on the subject. In 190B ths world's championship pool tournament was played Uere under the management of Frank Benson.

Almost all the real stars of the country competed. Among the best were Alfred de Oro, Jerome Keogh, Tommy Hueston, Grant Eby, Charles Weston, Wm. Clearwater and Frank Sherman. It ended in a tie between the first three mentioned and in the play-off De Oro won. Within 40 days Keogh had challenged him, and when the time for the match came De Oro forfeited to him.

Tommy Hueston immediately challenged Keogh and they played at Buffalo, where Hueston was returned the winner. Horgan Beat Hurnton for Title. Then John Horgan stepped into tha limelight and challenged the "Kid." They played in St. Louis In H06, and in that match Horgan won the world's championship. "You see they are entirely different propositions," said Horgan.

"Why I have seen men so nervous over a game of pool that they were almost wrecks. It Is not only during a game but for months before a match that this nervousness grows on the player, and It is a constant fight not to let it get the better of him. I can't see where it requires more nrvs In, biUlards than pool. "Why is It that a real pool plajer has to begin months before a match to train, while a billiard player I refer especially to the three-cushion expert can hop In with only a few days' notice and play the game of bis life? Pool Angles More Difficult. "In billiards you have the cue ball and two others to' look after and over and over again when you do happen to miss a shot you may make the point when your ball comes back again from the corner of the table.

These angles that they talk about, of course, have to be figured, but you don't have to get them down to the point that you do in a pool game. "A billiard player might miss a shot by two or three inches and still obtain the on the round trip, but miss a shot for a pocket by one-sixteenth of an inch in a pool game and see what happens to you. That's when your opponent gets your nerve and If it happens once too often you are gone. "When Hueston beat De Oro here two years ago De Oro missed an easy combination by about a hair's breadth and it took his nerve and Hueston went after him. Tou have got to put them in the pockets or they don't count.

Tou don't get any chances at them coming back. One doesn't figure on Just the shot at hand and possibly one more, but a champion pool player has a map in his mind of his shots to get every ball on the table. Ds Ore Flgrnrea In Advance. "That is where position comes In, and many times If ths player misses that position by six Inches he might as weU have missed It by a mile. I have watched Ds Oro practice pool by ths hour and his favorite method Is to name his shots anywhere from flvs to tea in advance id then follow ont that plan.

"Doesn't that sound more scientific than having one, or at the outside two shots to figure on as ons does in a billiard gams? The Pcwt-TMipateh la the on It evenlnc neve-pspar In Ft. Iuta that rwoelTM or publishes saws BatBered by ths Associated JYsss, DIAMOND RINGS 'is All. W.k I 100 for this beaa- I Tor tma Dla-lfor tlful white 1 a atone, set In a moat III te 14-k. Tlttany Ring. hand madalIUn; jj Iff 14-k.

Rl am. I ery every itoneli-ltlnt, by an ex-1 dies or Prt. I men. stvla of lor la-set santle- Athletes Train on Beer DON'T PAY whea yea bay and thea Just a little each week or tnsmtt as yau draw au anoa) OPaM EmKtT M.CHf. F.

H. tftGALLS, i 226 OHve St. 1 Many Track and Field Experts Use Intoxicants Regularly While Preparing ior Their Specialties. GARAGE AND STORE YOUR CARS WITH US PRICES REASONABLE Tom Flanagan, ths Canadian sporting authority who managed Tom Longboat, the Indian runner, and also assisted in training Jack Johnson for his bout with Jim Jeffrie, says Martin Sheridan, the allround champion, uses beer in his training and so does his brother, John ths weight thrower. Matt McG'rath, also a weight man; Melvln Shsppard.

champion middle distance runnsrt Ralph Ross, Alfred Bhrubb, Bill Sherrlng, the winner of ths Marathon at ths Athens Olympic games; Fred Cameron, winner of ths Boston Marathon last spring; A. F. Duffay, F. F. Wefera, Tommy Connsff, mils champion; E.

J. Webb, England's walking champion at two and seven miles; G. E. Larner, champion walker of the world; P. J.

O'Connor, broad Jumper; ML Sweeney, high Jumper, and many others. Kardell Motor Car 4152-56 OLIVE STREET BOLL; Llndell 2770 PHONES v..