St. Louis Post-Dispatch from St. Louis, Missouri • Page 25

problems. The Dutch, for Instance, with their Ion? tradition of CTinillC DnCT.mpnTrLi tl sea-faring and exploration, did not want to restrict their navy. 1 ru3' UlbrAILII lhur- reb. 9, 19:5 5B yet the plan called for them to concentrate on certain types of U.S.EconomyToday ground iorces JET AIRLINERS AND GROUND PROBLEMS Churchill, In his forthcoming visit to Washington, to make' ringing statement that would minimize British non-participation and emphasize British moral, political, and military support for the European Army." Welcome Reunion with Churchill. Churchill's visit was a welcome reunion with an old friend, and I was looking forward to it.

Though he had been out the government for six years, we had remained in frequent personal contact. France was unwilling to give up any part of its pre-occupa-tion with the defense against Germany. The Benelux countries wanted to make sure that Britain as well as France shared in the actual defense arrangements in their part of Europe. The Scandinavians felt they were out on a flank and dangerously exposed on their end of the strategic arc. England tried to preserve her strength for the preservation of the remnants of her empire.

And this is just the beginning of the list. Through a series of conferences, Secretary Acheson worked -By Sam Dawson NEW YORK, Feb. 9 (AP). THE JET AGE with its problems of noise, crowded airlanes, outdated airports and the financing of $1,250,000,000 worth jet airliners is a step nearer today. the British bemoan the loss of their once proud lead decisions by Canada and the Brussels Pact nations, it took little time to produce draft treaty.

Offensive-Defensive Alliance Signed. In working out the North Atlantic Treaty we had made a truly momentous decision. As I described it to the National Security Council, it could be called "an offensive-defensive alliance to maintain the peace in the North Atlantic area, but without automatic provision for, war." The formal signing of the treaty took place in Washington on April 4, 1949, and in my remarks on that occasion I said that this treaty was indeed an act of neighborliness, and compared the twelve nations to a group of householders who decide that they have so much in common that it would be to their mutual advantage to associate themselves more formally. The treaty itself, I observed, was simple and straightforward. We hoped that it would serve to prevent World War III.

Surely, if something like it had existed in 1914 and in 1939, the acts of aggression that had pushed the world into two disastrous wars would not have happened. On April 12th I sent the treaty to the Senate with a message asking for its ratification. It was, I told the Senators, a long step on the road to peace. We would need to work continuously in the advancement of peace, by taking those practical and necessary steps that events would call for. The Senate gave the North Atlantic Treaty as thorough an examination as only that great deliberative body can give.

The critics had the fullest opportunity to be heard and every conceivable objection was discussed and answered. The debate ended on July 21st when 82 Senators voted to ratify the treaty, far more than were needed under the constitutional requirement for a two-thirds vote for the ratification of treaties. One Senator was not voting, thirteen answered "Nay" when their names were called. Eleven nf these thirteen were Republicans. with great patience and skill to drive home the point that NATO would have no meaning at all unless a really joint effort was made at common defense and mutual aid, and his arguments won the day.

There would have been no NATO without Dean Acheson. The main thing, we all thought, was to get the project of a unified force started. It had been understood by all concerned that the Supreme Commander to be designated would be an American. As a matter of fact, in our planning of the program, I had always had General Eisenhower in mind as the logical man for this unique Job. As the Allied commander in Europe during World War II, General Eisenhower had shown remarkable ability in leadership in heading up a combined headquarters for the forces of several nations.

He was very popular in Europe, and at the head of a European defense headquarters would dem During the three days of discussion with Churchill, we covered a great range of topics, and among them was NATO. Churchill commented that he realized very well the great burden that the United States was carrying in the common cause, and said that the United Kingdom would bear all it could. However', he pointed out that they had drawn very heavily on the life end energy of the fifty million people in their island in recent years, and added that great overseas investments had been lost to them. I reminded the Prime Minister that we had sent abroad some 60 billion dollars since the end of the war, but that it was important to bear in mind that this was an election year and that Congress was rarely inclined to increase foreign spending while an election was in the offing. Churchill said he certainly understood what effect an elrr.

in jet transports, American plane makers now have firm orders for 1S8 of the new style speedy airliners and outstanding options for 35 more. In this country the race has been between Boeing and Douglas. With Howard Hughes's order this week for eight jets for Trans World Airlines, Boeing now has orders for 83. Hughes says TWA is talking about 22 more, and this would bring Boeing to 105. Douglas counts its orders at 105, and Its options of 13 would make a total of 118.

When all the options become firm orders, the Ameri- onstrate our determination and our desire to make the joint effort a success. Mr. Truman Summons Gen. Eisenhower. On October 19th I added this handwritten postscript to a Saro Dawson letter to Eisenhower: "First time you are in town, I wish you'd tion had on a country's positions in the world.

They had hnd two elections in England during the past year, and it certainly made it difficult for His Majesty's Government to act with vigor while its political life was at stake. The approach of the 1952 Presidential election caused a great deal of anxiety In friendly capitals. Everywhere the same doubts and fears began to spring up again that had been so dominant before the Treaty was signed and General Eisenhower sent over to organize the defense. We found that statesmen of other nations were holding back because they wanted to be sure that the commitments they might make would not be made to an American that voted for an isolationist administration. come in and see me.

If I send for you, we'll start the 'speculators' to work." General Eisenhower called on me at the White House on October 28th. 1 told him what I had in mind for him to do. He heard me out in silence, and then saldjie would accept the assignment. BMsenhower told me that he would take it because will have 223 jet transports In the works. -DELIVERIES OF THE SPEEDY CRAFT Los Angeles to Kcw York in 4 hours and 15 minutes are scheduled in volume between 1958 and 1961.

And it Is in that period that the airlines, will have to find the $1,250,000,000 that the planes and Spare parts are expected to cost. In addition to orders from most big American carriers now, the aircraft makers have orders from Air France, Sabena, and Belgian World Airlines. Some of the money to pay for the 223 jets the manufacturers expect to turn out in the next few years will come from airline earnings aided, in one sense, by government subsidies). But new capital will have to be sought, too. This could come from long-term loans from insurance companies, short-term loans from banks, or from new stock and bond issues.

THE AIRLINES HOPE TO GET THEIR MONEY BACK thrpggh operating savings. Jet builders contend their craft wiQJproduce much' more revenue for the airlines because of bigger carrying capacity and more trips in the same period because of the higher speed. On the ground is the problem of Old. airports which the jet age could make obsolete, and the need for the longer runways which the intercontinental jet airliners demand. Some cities will find their air space still more crowded.

Certain air centers already have trouble accommodating the growing number of planes hovering for landing. LAND-BOUND CITIZENS WILL BE INTERESTED in the Jioise problem. Many a householder who has never got used to the noise of the piston engine planes has noted that military On July 25th I affixed my signature to the treaty ratification and thus completed American accession to the pact. On August 24, 1949, a sufficient number of ratifications had been deposited to bring the treaty into effect. officially, is the day on which NATO became a reality.

We realized, of course, that much still remained to be done if the new arrangement was to prove effective. As soon as the treaty had been ratified, I asked the Congress to provide approximately one billion four hundred million dollars for a military assistance program, both for the NATO countries and others such as Greece, Turkey and the Philippines. North Atlantic Council Formed. Administrative machinery under the treaty organization was set up without delay. A North Atlantic Council was formed on September 17, 1949, with the Foreign Ministers of the participating nations as members.

The cabinet officers in charge of defense in the several member nations formed a Defense Committee and under that body a Military Committee of top-ranking generals and admirals from all twelve nations went to work at once. The first major task was to reach an agreement on how to work out the defense of the NATO area. Up to this time each country had its own defense plans, but now it became necessary to think of the area as one. This did not Involve specific national defense positions, but instead, the over-all strategic approach. This plan was worked out without delay, and the NATO Council gave its approval on January 6, 1950.

Secretary Acheson brought the plan to me and I examined it at length, with the assistance of my diplomatic, military and economic advisers. I thought it was a good plan and one that would serve the Interest of the United States well. On January he was a soldier and this was a call to duty. But it was the kind of duty, he told me, that he accepted gladly because it was a job that very badly needed to be done. He believed firmly, he said, in the importance of bringing the nations of Europe together and doing it speedily.

The appointment itself was not made until December 18th. The procedure was for the North Atlantic Council to pass a resolution in which they asked me to designate an American officer as Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in Europe. At the same time, Dean Acheson sent me a message from the Council meeting in Brussels in which he reported that the Council members had, unanimously, expressed the hope that I would appoint General Eisenhower. I replied at once that General Eisenhower had been so designated. The new Supreme Commander left for Europe in January, 1951, for a quick survey of the situation.

He returned then to Washington and made a full report to me, and I suggested that he also report on the European situation to the Congress, and by radio to the nation. I think that these reports were effective because they were made with utmost candor and sincerity. General Eisenhower was fully in accord with my policy in Europe. He worked for it diligently and devotedly from the day of his appointment as Supreme Commander until he returned to the United States in 1952 to enter the political arena. Near the end of his first year in Europe, la early January, 1952, Eisenhower wrote me a long, detailed letter reporting on the first year's work.

He reviewed the progress that had been made in the direction of a European army and discussed some nf the major things that still remained to be done. There was seme hope, in Eisenhower's opinion, that the return of Winston Churchill to the government in England would mean more emphasis on political union. Eisenhower urged me to persuade They were relieved therefore, so our diplomats reported, to know that the nominees of both parties were men who believed in the basic need for NATO and European defense. But It is one of the facts of American foreign policy, and one that those in responsibility must bear in mind, that an impending change iri administration in Washington makes our friends abroad anxious and our enemies hopeful. They all remember what happened when Harding replaced Wilson, and what calamity it meant for the world.

When the time came for me to turn over the reins of the government to General Eisenhower, NATO was one of the projects that I could pass on to him in the full knowledge that he would understand my motives and share them. He had, after all, played a most important part in it. The structure of Western European defense had been 'built built largely because we were ready to break with tradition and enter into a peacetime military alliance; because we had been ready to assume not only our share but the leadership in the forglns? of joint forces; because we had recognized that the peace of the world would best be served by a Europe that was strong and united, and that, therefore, European unity and European strength were the best guarantees for the preventioa of another major war. 1S by Time. Inc.

(1'llblisiirr of TOMORROW: Mr. Truman begins his story of the events leading to his firinc of On. MacArthur. The Red Chinese enter the fighting in North Korea. Clash of judgment over bombing the Yalu bridges.

MaeArthur's "Home by Christmas" offensive that failed. Mr. Truman cannot accept the general's attempts to pin the responsibility for failure on Washinston. 27, 1950, I formally approved this proposal for the strategy that would control a major part of our defenses and occupy a major share of our defense efforts. The NATO defense was based on the idea of a "balanced force" that is, on the use of a NATO defense force to which each country would contribute its share.

This was one of the jets are far more nerve-wracking. Boeing engineers report progress in tackling the noise nuisance. They are testing a tOUhd Suppressor for their jets. It is a nozzle-like attachment for the rear of the jet engine. It converts the loud but low-pitched noise into high frequencies which the human ear doesn't register.

Further research is under way. Boeing has until December 1958 to work on the problem before delivering its t'irst commercial jet, to Pan American Airways. Tan Am and Panagra have 20 Boeings on order and 29 Douglas jets. Eastern Air Lines has 18 jets on order and option on eight more. American Airlines has 30 jets coming and United Air Lines 30 also.

Other airlines have smaller numbers comirj. ANGLE THE AIRCRAFT SCIENTISTS are working' on is to find some way to slow jets down before landing-cue solution for the too-short runway problem. If noise and inadequate airports are overcome by 1958, the speedy jets should be a delight for the air-minded traveler. Aircraft Douglas FUTURE GRAIN PRICES I MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE, Feb. Grain futures range: Hlxh.

Low. none. Frev. Close. chTcagowheat AFTER DROP invites Engineers and Technicians to local interviews Fri.

Feb. 10th and Sat. Feb. 11th EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES GOOD SECURITY IDEAL LIVING CONDITIONS Mar 215H 213'i, 213iH 2H ft May 211 200 1 209 JulT 197'4 1954 197 196-97 Srpt 1974 199'4 IBS'i, Dec 203 2013 i 203 KANSAS CITY WHEAT Mar May July Kept 212 210H 212-117. 210H 2074 206 2074 207 196, 1951, 196H 19614 10SH 107T 1084 MINNEAPOLIS WHEAT CHICAGO, Feb.

(AP) Craljs recovered from an early seU'dff on the Board of Trade todaj, In some cases getting back. above the previous close. Old crop wheat and old crop soybean futures led the upturn, ptrttr responded in part to export news. Egypt purchased nnrf nrtfl hncholc nf hard M'hitat 228 A 2284 2274 2284 222 May July CHICAGO CORN Mar 129 1304i 12944 May 1344 l.W'4 134 133 July 13X1 13R1J 138-! Sept 137', 137', 74 136'i, Dec 133', 132, 133i, 1334 Engineers have practically unlimited opportunities at Douglas. The three top positions in our entire organization are held by Long range security and career advancement are assured by our present backlog of over $2 Billion in orders for commercial aircraft and military aircraft and missiles and by the unequalled Douglas position in the aircraft industry.

Recently increased salary structure, generous employee benefits and diversification of activities make Douglas a prime place to advance in your profession. Ground floor openings exist in literally dozens of classifications in design, development and testing. Arrangements will be made to cover your moving and transportation expenses incurred during relocation. v. i CHICAGO OAT8 fcCV BOUgnt HU.UUU.UUU pounds MitTim "'4 64k -63, oil and soybean.

li I Kept, 641 651,4 64', Oil. Dec. 66', 6614 66 'Sb 67n MINNEAPOLIS OATS Selling at the start stemmed from" the. possibility President jljlf" Eisenhower would veto a new 60 80 594 60 CHICAGO RYE farirncill containing su per ceni r.24 12114 1224 12214 Of rarity price supports fory 4 bjrsic" crops. Selling dried up Kept.

120 1184 120 ii9Wt Please Call Mr. Gordon White and Mr. Ernie Soest MAin 1-4600 befween II a.m. and 7 p.m. for appointment hour, after i within the first CHICAGO SOYBEANS which a slow climb started.

I 25014 249 250-494 2494 "Yt-K. nnhonr.oH in May 254 2S24 253141 853.52H 24 H4 2414 24014 241414 :37 Hi higner, corn 10 i cent srpt higher, oats Vb lower to 6 1 HL. 2364 236J4 CHICAGO LARD ffiSP MM1M S5 JS: 0 Mar 11. R5 11.77 11.80 11.85a May 12 25 12.12 12. 15-12 12.25a Julv 12.57 12.50 12.51b 12.60a Bert 12.95 12.JS5 12.85b12.95b CHICAGO SOYBEANOIL, May 12.27 12.27 12.27" 12.28-29 July 12.12 12.12 12.12 12.14-15 St.

Louis Cash Grain. MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE, Feb. 9 Cash grain market Thursday: Wheat receipts 11 cars, 1 sold; corn 22 cars, 2 sold; oats 5 cars, 3 sold. Sales were: Wheat, No. 4 Red Winter, S2.13.

Corn: No. 3 Yellow, Oats: No. 1 White, 68V2C; No. 2 white, 69V4c. Bran was 75 cents a ton higher at Shorts were 75 cents higher at $43.25 (7T43.75.

higher, rye Vlb higher, soybeans Vi lower to higher and lard 5 to 13 cents a hundred pjimds lower. Main reason for the sell off In new crop wheat deliveries wgrj-a letter from President Eisenhower to Senator Aiken Vermont, in which the PiSifflent said he was "gravely cMCQned." over coupling of tBECnjew soil bank plan with rigid 90 per cent of parity price supports. The President termed such "inconsistent." Traders noted, however, that he did not state positively that he would veto a farm bill linking the two plans. The Senate Agriculture committee's farm bill restores SO per cent of parity price supports to basic crops. In corn the primary reason for the selling was an over-jiigjit'announccment by the Agriculture Department that price supports on the 1956 crop would be- 81 per cent of parity or $1.40 a bushel national aver-ageXast year the support was $7 per cent or $1.58 a bushel.

This is the support level would be sent back to 90 per cent of parity on corn. The soybean price support I was raised to 75 per cent of oaritv or $2.15 a bushel. Last LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA Concentrating on Air Force contract, this Douglas plant has an immediate and pressing need for engineers with B.S. or higher degrees and thoae with equivalent education or experience in the following categories: aerodynamics; stress; thermodynamics; air conditioning; dynamics; power plant; weight; heat transfer, dec tronics; strength test; functional test; computing. TULSA, OKLAHOMA Excellent opportunities exist here as plans progress to double the engineering staff to handle present contracts on the world's largest transpoA airplane, the C-132.

Also in development are new versions of the speedy RB-66. The modern, air-conditioned plant, healthy climate, fine schools and attractive homes make tins the place to build a permanent future. SANTA MONICA, CALIFORNIA Here you'll associate with men who have designed the key airplanes in our commercial and military picture, YouTl contribute to the design, development and testing of the exciting new DC-8 jet transport or one of aeveral highlyimporunt military project. You'll enjoy the ideal climate of this pleasant beach city with it good living and recreational facilities. year it was 70 per cent or $2.04.

This support level will apply regardless of the outcome of the new farm bill as soybeans are not a basic crop. Some grain men had hoped supports would be raised to which would apply if the new higher level. They therefore farm bill is not approved nder the bill, price supports sold new crop beans. iXV.i 4J The TRUMAN MEMOIRS 9 --v'Sj MISSILES DEVELOPMENT At Douglas you join the nation's most experienced team of missile engineers, with 14 years of background in design and construction of missile. A new Missiles Engineering Department has recently been organized which requires creative engineers who enjoy crossing new design frontiers.

Douglas now has eight separata major missile project under contract. FIELD SERVICE, MISSILES Here is an opportunity to participate in the vital NIKE defense program. If you have a good technical education or experience on mechanical, hydraulic, electrical or electronic components or systems, you can qualify for a responsible and challenging position. You'll receive in-plant training at Santa Monica prior to assignment in major cities of the United States. EL SEGUNDO, CALIFORNIA A key producer of nival aircraft in the past, and with present contracts extending far into the future, tha Douglas El Segundo plant is now engaged in projects covering all fields of engineering.

The advanced nature of the work presents a challenge to the technical skill of the engineer aa well as offering him great scope tor advancing in his profession. continued from rase iic. ifJie agreed statement recorded the fact that the United States delegation had particularly insisted that Italy should, in some Dianner, be brought into any proposed arrangement The problems of Spain and Western Germany, it was derided, would eventually have to be determined, but it was too early to attempt it at this particular moment. An outline of proposed provisions for a North Atlantic security arrangement uas attached to the conference report. I The Brussels-Pact nations wanted the North Atlantic pact tjj state that, if a member was attacked, the other members vfould supply all the military and other aid and assistance in their power This, of course, implied going to war.

Our delegation was instructed to take the position that this was an obligation which, in view of our Constitution, we were not prepared to assume. Canada proposed a compromise. This provided that In case )f attack on a member state, the other members should consider this an attack on themselves. But instead of becoming immediately involved in war, the compromise provided that each nation would be expected to lend aid to the victim in accordance "with its own constitutional processes. In plain language this means there is an obligation to give all aid possible, but iibject to the constitutional procedures of each country.

When the treaty was later given its final form, this compromise became, in substance, Article the key provision of the treatvi. I On October 13th, Canada notified the State Department that sjie was ready to enter into a treaty along the general lines suggested by the agreed statement of September 9th. Two weeks )ater word was received that the Brussels Pact nations had in principle to the negotiation of such a North Atlantic Becurity Pact If unabto to our representative personally, pleat moll inquiry with resume to: LaVene, 3000 Ocean Pork Santa Monica, Calif. hen the negotiators came together again, following thest.