The Republic from Columbus, Indiana • Page 13

Fa rm er oh nOu doors Good, Fresh Cheese Very Easy To Make 4': 1 ff typ" i 7. Press into bowl and let set 24 hours. 8 Add salt and sour cream; mixing well. 9. Put into double boiler and melt.

10. Pour into buttered bowl for mold. 11 Cheese may be eaten immediately or may be aged by wrapping in cheesecloth and coating with paraffin. (Be careful with paraffin. It burns.

Use double boiler to heat it. Also, purpose of cheesecloth is to prevent paraffin from cracking off of the cneese. A note for cottage cheese lovers: To make cottage cheese, stop at step No. 4 above. Instead of bringing curds to a boil, bring temperature only to 45 degrees C.

or 113 degrees F. Hold this temperature for a half hour, stirring gently every five minutes or so. Then drain through colander until dripping stops. Pour into bowl and combine with salt and cream (or milk) to taste.) Other than differences in texture caused by variations in technique and finesse, the only trouble point with the cheese described above occurs at Step. No.

2. In short, you must have buttermilk with a viable culture in it. Unfortunately, -some commercial buttermilks contain a culture that's either dead or too weak to reproduce. Thus, my first advice is to try very hard to buy fresh buttermilk. (Buying from local dairies will help.) Then, to be certain what you have, culture a small amount of milk first before you set a whole gallon and a half or more.

To do this pasteurize a pint or so of milk by bringing it up to 82 degrees C. or 180 degrees F. Then cool it back down to the temperature in Step. No. .1 and culture with a tablespoon or two of the commercial buttermilk.

Let this set. If you don't get a clabber within 24 hours, get some more buttermilk and try again. If you do get a clabber, proceed with the cheese. What you've just done is to make your own cultured buttermilk. You can use it to culture more cheese or drink it as By JOHN McMAHAN Fanner John Outdoors At the Bartholomew County 4-H Fair last week promised a group of people that I'd include three recipes" here for homemade bread and cheese.

To keep that promise, here is the first of those recipes. I offer them not as the final answers to making these foods but simply as three easv-to-make recipes that turn out good, edible products. The first recipe is for homemade yellow cheese. When freshly made, this cheese is soft and mild. After aging, it becomes dry and sharp.

The degree of sharpness is controlled by the length of the aging period. Where this recipe first originated, I don't know. I do know that Deryl and Lu-cian Hundley first gave the recipe to us. several years ago. Later, while looking through an old collection of my grandmother's recipes, we found the same recipe in her handwriting.

I don't know where she got it. So. I don't know whether to call this Beryl's Cheese, or Grandma's Cheese, or Hoosier Cheese, or what. At any rate, it's a recipe that works if you follow it. And the product is good, fresh or aged.

This is the wav to make it: INGREDIENTS: IMt gallons of clabbered milk 4 T. butter. t. soda 3 cup sour cream Vk t. salt Follow these steps.

1. Warm milk to 82 degrees F. or 28 degrees C. 2. Culture with buttermilk at rate of cup buttermilk per gallon.

3. When milk is clabbered, cut curds in lz inch cubes. (Of course this means in the pan and is approximate. Basically, you just whack it up a bit.) 4. Bring clabber to a boil, stirring frequently.

5. Drain off whey, press curds, and weight down for an hour or so. (A cone colander works well here. 6. Mix butter, soda and curds.

The Vancouver, British Columbia, Skyline Photo Won First Mac for Paul Finks in the Scenery Divisor Slid THE REPUBLIC I 77 August 6-7, 1977 Columbus, Ind. Section Wmm (m The Bird Lady Truth About Blue Jay It's Wonderful 6fl) Good Brakes Can Prevent Accidents Category. ture preys upnn and controls other things of nature. As I have said, originally this was a perfect plan not beautiful to the eyes of the human but perfect for the earth. The blue jay is a wonderful part of this plan.

Does it surprise you to know that man is the only living creature that is not important to the survival of this earth? BIRD CALLS. Betty Ewing called me from Bartholomew County Library to tell me she and Thelma SanMiguel had rescued a bird that had flown into a window. Betty did a splendid job of describing the bird. When she said it had a border on the tip of the tail I decided it was a cedar waxwing. Wow! Did I ever miss.

Thelma took the bird to Jean Wiesner as I asked her to. Jean and son, called to tell me they thought it might be a cuckoo. I asked Kriss to describe the un-dertail. He said it had white crescent marks. And he said, "Yes, the tail is very long." I knew then, of course, that it was a cuckoo.

At the last report it was eating great numbers of grubs and other insects. Thank you Betty, Thelma, -Jean and Kriss for helping this marvelous bird The cuckoo is the only bird we have that destroys feeds upon the tent caterpillars. Mary Catherine Arthur reports the-chimdey swift nestlings that fell down did well. Her son got up on the roof and let the nestlings back down the chimney in a milk carton. The parent birds took over.

Great! Sara Steincamp, 15, of Wood Lake tried very hard to save an injured hummingbird. Her mother said the hummingbird nestling wasn't as big as her thumb nail and its bill looked like a needle: Unbelievably small the hummingbird nestling 2Tracv Haddadf j345 Riverside Tound a Saby cardinal on the ground. She asked what to do, I told her To watch to 4rotectitbut to leaveotfor the parei birds to care for. Thanks Tracy for having the courage to keep your hands off: And the parent birds did take over bird lady' column, week ender, aug. 6 superior quality using such nuclei is very high.

They produce tears, much like the human eye when struck by a foreign ob ject. The tears in this case a re ralrinm rar. bonate that the oyster manufactures from sea chemicals in thousands of razor-thin peart-theflrtsthe scaf formed" when these protective layers solidify. M.D. Cohen and Son, of Terre Haute opened the fresh water shell export market jn 1959 when 25 tons were sent to Japan.

The peak year for mussels from 77 Ja By HELLF.N Of HS, The Bird Lady The truth about the blue jay is it is a wonderful bird. The jay does do things that seem terrible to humans. However, it is only doing that which it was put on the earth to do when it "robs another bird's nest You see, actually it is not robbing a nest.Jt is helping to control the number of birds as nature meant it to The blue jay, too, is controlled in number by predators such as one of its very own cousins, the crow, and other big birds, hawks, owls In the spring and summer the blue jay is cannibalistic. It does, indeed, eat other birds' eggs and the very young birds in the nest. Once upon a time when nature had control of our world and all creatures had a (then) much needed responsibility in controlling numbers this act of the blue jay was very important to the balance of nature.

This was. of course, before man crowded, poisoned, polluted, sprayed, covered with concrete and buildings so much of the earth that the very creatures that once needed control now need drastic help to survive. All wild things have an inborn sense of predation. They continue to prey other; -And. they nefd to-at must ljave food.

to -Survive. To watch a blue jay kill and eat a. helpless young bird is a dreadful thing to See. It ls'alsirdreadful toTMtch the killing pj an animaHor human food. After the nesting season for birds" is over the blue jay seems to forget its canni- halktir wave Hp hwnmps a hlnp uni formed protector of other' birds.

When a predator comes near, the jay gives an alarm cry which all birds and small animals know. Birds on a feeder will freeze, or quickly flash ifffo protective "or trees. They do not move nor leave the eever until the jay gives an all clear call. The calls are easy to learn to recoenize All birds regardlessof species. chipm- mksrsqutrreB-and many ether animals trust and depend upon the blue jaxJto you see.

the jay saves far more birds than it destroys. I told this to a person who called in great distress because she had just seen a blue jay take a dove nestling. Jfie was EDITOR'S NOTE: The following article waswritten for Indiana Magazine, a publication of the Indiana Department of Commerce, by staff writer Jane B. Schuyler. By JANE B.

SChl'LER Many years ago when Indians gath ered mussels for food and pearl necklaces, little was it dreamed that Indiana would be site of an event comparable to California's gold rush the pearl rush that' brought swarms of people to the state at the turn of the century. This resulted from the fine quality fresh water mussels found along the Wabash-White River Valleys, which went to button factories for use in popular mother-of-pearl buttons. And as a result, Shoals, on the east fork of White River in Martin County, was once known as the midwestem capital of the pearl button The pearling era in Indiana began about 1900. Vincennes became the mecca for pearl buyers from Europe and Asia and was the site of the largest privately-owned button factory in the nation. In the last quarter of the 19th century, fashion dictated the 'refinement'! of pearls over the flash and color of dia- -monds, rubies and other precious stones.

To emphasize her lack of ostentation in choosing the quiet beauty of the pearl, the woman of wealth draped herself in pearls. -0 And remember, ach thing of na- if the jay shouldn't be destroyed before it could rob another nest, If I am eating a steak I don't want to be destroy edr doing what seems natural heavier, more durable, and easiest to repair. Tubular tires are lighter and offer less rolling resistance. They are com- mon on high quality bikes. They also cost more and get punctures more easily.

Because the tube is sewn into the tire it is impractical to repair on the road, necessitating the carrying of whole spare tires (at $7 to $10 each) which must be glued to the rim. Clincher tires, available everywhere, are Iheonly sensible choice. Rims are either of aluminum alloy or steel. Less costly bikes feature steel rims, which are the most durable and the heaviest. Better bikes feature aluminum alloy rims which are lighter y-twuU al riding over bumpy terrain may re quire steel rims but I have found the alloy wheels are entirely satisfactory.

Hubs also come in steel or aluminum alloy. They may use conventional bolts, requiring the use of a wrench to remove the wheeel, or quiek-release levers which work instantly. For your copy of Richard's Bicycle Bookrsend name; addressreheck or money order for $2.95 (plus 30 cents postage and handling) to "Bicycle Book. TheHepubiic, T.OTBox 489 Dept Radio City Station, New York, Y. 10019.

Allow three weeks for delivery. 1900s The mussels are forcefully pulled off the hooks by hand and dropped into containers in the boat. Some musselers also use tongs (somewhat like long-handled -post hole diggers) or coal forks and some merely dive and pick them up by hand. Ttir sheitr af the only- part saved. They are sorted into numerous varieties, each borrowing its descriptive name from some peculiarity such as mucket, wash- board, pigtoe, banana, ladyfinger, butterfly, wartback, pistol grip, pocketbook, threeridge, papershell and monkey face.

Of these, the washboard is the.largest, receiving its name from a series of ridges down the shell similar to the corrugations, of a washboard. The banlna mussel was once especially valuable and was shipped to Germany and Austria where it was used in the manufacture of pearl knife handles, pisioi grips and umbrella shandies. The major species found in Indiana are mapl- eleaf, mucket, threeridge, washboard and pimpieoacx. A 1937 law requires mussel buyers and fishermen lo be licensed. The Division of Fish and Wildlife of the State Department of Natural Resources issues the annual licenses, which cost $10 for mussel fishermen and $100 for buyers, License holders are required to make monthly reports to the department on the pounds and species of mussel shells taken from rivers and streams.

EDITOR'S NOTE: This is fifth of a 12-part series about bicycles excerpted from bicycling enthusiast Richard Bal-lanllne's "Richard's Birycle Book." By RICHARD BALLANTINE Written for NEA It is- the nature of bicycling accidents that the bicycle more often runs into something than is run into. Good, well-ad justed brakes are vital, and es-, peciallv in traffic- Peflal-opef ated coaster brakes are-only for small children who lack the necessary strength to actuate hand levers. They are hard to control and can lock a wheel, causing a skid. They do nonrave ai'lual stopping Hand-operated caliper brakes are commonly used on less costly bikes. They are somewhat inconsistent in performance, although work if kept in constant adjustment.

Center-pull brakes are better. Because they pull from the center they work in balance, and are more even, precise and powerful. The are also more reliable Imd "require less maintenancethafr" side-pull brakes. lerejreiwQ types of nms, those for use with wire-on or "clincher" tires, and those for sew-up or tubular tires. Clincher tires are the best choice for all-round urban use, as they are the Wabash-White River systems was 1966 when 2,000 tons were harvested with a value of $400 a ton.

Mussel fishing on Hoosier 4n vers begins April 15 and conoludes Oct. 31. In 1976. 160 mussel fishermen collected more than 200.000 pounds of mussel shells from rihdiaHa fiers and streams. Half a Century ago, before pollution became a major problem, a mussel shoal of two acres was not uncommon.

Preferring gravelly river bottoms, mussels reach the legal" commercial size of IVi inches in six to seven years. One was rTound with growth rings indicating it to be about 53 years old. Mussels are gathered in a variety of ways the crowfoot brail being the most common, closely followed by "polliwogg-ing." or hand-picking the mussels while wading. The crowfoot brail, with hands on each side of the johnboat, is a wooden or metal bar six to 16 feet long. A number of lines are attached to the bar.

These lines are usually spaced four to eight inches apart and contain several four-pronged hooks the crows feet made from -heavy gaugejwire. As the' tar is dragged slowiy over the mussel beds, some of the blunt hooks are pulled between the slightly open valves of the feeding mollusks. The vise-like grip allows the fisherman to drag the bar some distance and pull it up with the mussels still firmly clamped on the crows feet. Mussels Brought Pearling Era to Indiana in Early inating the Hoosier industry. It was then discovered that mussels of Indiana's Wabash and White Rivers could be used by lhe Japanese to seed their oysters In the cultured pearl industry, romantically known as "Tears of the Moon." Nearly all of Indiana's mussel shells 3re expnrtefl ta Japan where they ire tut into strips, then cubes and finally ground into spherical beads called nuclei.

By surgical techniques, the nuclei are placed within the oyster and left for up to five years. The yield of cultured pearls of able to get the dove away from the jay. However. the jay was not going to miss a meal. It went right back to the nest and got the other nestling and ate it.

The per- son watching was horrified. She wondered not only by the strand but also by the yard. Average pearls brought $500 to $1,000, and $3,000 was obtained for a pearl weigh- ing 32 grains. For every pearl found in, the fresh water mussels, there were thou-, sands of "slugs" which were small, lm-. ferfect.

odd-shaped pearls. The French uyers bought these tof $13 an nunrcf tatr: ground up and used as an ingredient for face powder while -Asian buyers bought them for use as medicine. One of the finest know fresh water pearls was found in the Wabash River around the turn of the century, by Leon Bouchner of Vincennes" It weighed more t)an 40 grains and was then estimated to be worth about $2,000." According to legend, Wabash River pearls have found their way into the court of England and Russia. A black pearl discovered in the early 1900s is reputed to have been owned by the Czarina of Russia. An Illinois man reportedly found a beautiful Wabash pearl that was sold for the crown of the Queen of England.

Later, the man was sent to prison, and in Eng- land, the Queen's pearl began to die, losing its color and lustre. The Queen read that the pearl's finder was in trouble, got him put of prison and the pearl came to life- again. As late as a dozen button factories were still in existence in Indiana. World War JL brought widespread use of plastic buttons, almost elim AS 1 A 1'- -v..