St. Louis Post-Dispatch from St. Louis, Missouri • Page 11

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LOUIS, TUESDAY, JUNE 6, 1944 PAGES 1 10B NAZIS DESERVE NO THANKS FOR SPARING ROME. F. D. R. ii if Gen.

Clark Leads Men Past Colosseum tr-ymmy iwtttHKtKf 1 1 aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa Jl it ii MjiiKai iy.r HS1' "i 4 Years of Preparation Behind Allied Attack; British Started fe i rv- -Si SAYS; NO TIME TO WRECK IT Speech Might Have Been 'Psychological Diversion' to Distract Nazis, White House Aid Explains, but Apparently Contained No Signal to Allied Invasion Leaders. Plan After Fleeing Dunkerque When Yanks Arrived in Ireland in 1942 Purpose Was Clear Mediterranean Was a Testing Area for Landings of This Kind. By PAUL KERN LEE Of the Associated Press. THE Allied Invasion of Western Europe, largest and most daring such undertaking in the history of warfare by any standards, is the result of nearly four years of careful, methodical preparation. Hardly had Britain's army in France been snatched from seemingly certain destruction at Dunkerque than planning for the eventual return was begun.

By RAYMOND P. BRANDT Chief Washington Correspondent of the Post-Dispatch. WASHINGTON, June 6. IN celebration of the fall of Rome to American and Allied troops, President Roosevelt, in a brief broadcast last night, declared that no thanks were due to the Germans if the Italian capital was pared the devastation they wreaked on Naples and other Italian cities. "The Allied generals," he said, "maneuvered so skillfully that the Nazis could only have stayed long enough to damage Rome at the risk of losing their armies." For the time being Britain had to content itself with the all-out defense of its home islands against German aerial blitzkrieg.

Mid-September, 1940, was the hiffti point of that battle. Air attacks continued, but it was from that period that the Germans themselves realized their aerial losses were greater than the results warranted. It was in that time, too, that some sort of German invasion of Britain was nipped off. Stories trickling out months and even ONE UP AND TWO TO SAID F. D.

R. ON ROME; BERLIN, TOKYO NEXT WASHINGTON, June 6 (AP). PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT dipped into the sports nomenclature of the golfer last night to accent the progress of Allied arms against the Axis capitals of the world. Speaking of the liberation of Rome, the President said: "One up and two to go!" To the golfer that means he is one hole ahead for the match with two holes yet to play. To the President's radio listeners the words meant Rome has been taken by the Allies and Berlin and Tokyo will be next.

1 mwi mill iiiMirfifr aateiwft.M- mmmmimmmmm4amu Associated 1'mn Wlrephoto from U. 8. Army Sluml Corps. commander of the Allied Filth Army, in the front seat of a jeep at heart of Rome. This photograph was taken Sunday.

which it was not Intended to remain on the continent. Whatever its purpose, it definitely showed the Allied command that the German defenses of western Europe were very strong, stronger perhaps than had been imagined. After spending all day. on the enemy coast, the raiders withdrew. Their casualties had been heavy.

Possibly, had the German defenses proved weak or asleep, the invasion might have stemmed immediately from Dieppe. As it was, the Allies continued their preparations and chose other fields for immediate action. In November the Americans and British Invaded French North Africa. They came from Britain and the United States. Their timing was nearly perfect; their plans were neatly laid and closely followed; they worked with the French underground.

The landings succeeded brilliantly. In Africa, a green American army got its first seasoning under fire. It learned that there, too, the German were cunning, stubborn opponents. Finally, in May, 1943. the last Germans were eliminated from Africa.

The Americana, the British and the fighting French had learned to work together. With every battle, with every new campaign, the Allies learned something new. The smashing capture of the Islands of Pantellerla and Lampe-dusa showed them how air power could be concentrated to obliterate any given stretch of enemy territory. Invasion of Sicily. The Invasion of Sicily In July, 1943, taught them still more.

It was a successful surprise assault. Sicily fell in 38 days. Afterward the American Chief of Staff, Lt. Gen. Walter B.

Smith, declared that in some respects Sicily was a more difficult operation than would have been the Invasion of i years afterward told how hun dreds of German invasion barges had been caught and sunk by the Royal Air Force. Officially, both Britain and Germany kept mum' but it was obvious that a hastily-prepared invasion program had failed. It served as a warning to Britain that sprfrr-of-the-moment invasion could not succeed. Commandos' Incursions. Britain proceeded slowly.

The Commandos were organized and developed their technique in a series of hit-skip raids against the German-held continent, gathering information, damaging enemy installations, keeping the Nazi garrisons in a constant state of alertness and alarm. With American entry Into the war, the pace quickened from a creep to a gallop. In January, 1942, American troops landed in Northern Ireland. They were there for one purpose: To prepare for the ultimate invasion of Europe. Soon they extended to Britain itself; their numbers were constantly augmented.

The Americans formed their own Commando-like striking force, the Rangers. The Dieppe Test. In August, 1942, combined forces, mostly Canadian, stormed ashore at Dieppe, France. The Dieppe adventure since has been officially dismissed as a raid in force, a sort of rehearsal, in the head of a procession in the then. The mechanic went on the Tokyo raid with him.

Tou remember the details of that raid, which have gradually seeped out. The planes were badly ,4 scattered. Some were shot down I over Japanese territory. Others ran put'of gas. Some of the crews bailed out.

Others landed in Russia. The rest splattered themselves all over the rice paddles of China. That night Doolittle was lower than he had ever been before in his life. There wasn't any humor in the world for him that night. He sat with his head down and thought to himself: "You have balled up the biggest chance anybody could ever have.

Tou have sure made a mess of this affair. You've lost most of yqjur planes. The whole thing was a miserable failure. You'll spend the rest of your life in Leavenworth for this, and be Continued on Page 10, Column 1. Aunclatrrt Press Wlrephoto from V.

8. Army Signal Corps Radlophnto. GEN. CLARK (right) greeted by a priest at the entrance to the Vatican City. Seated directly behind Clark is MAJ.

GEN. ALFRED M. GRUENTHER, Fifth Army chief of staff. Son Wouldn't Take From Gen. Doolittle on Phone in London Remember Dad June 18lh Sport Shirts Commander Blows Up When He Learns Voice in Receiver Is His Boy With Package From The address was part of the psychological warfare to warn the Germans that the victory came at an excellent time, "when eur Allied forces are poised for another strike at Western Europe and while armies of other Nazi soldiers nervously await our assault." Berlin, Tokyo Next.

The President emphasized that Rome was the first Axis capital to be occupied, and indicated that Berlin and Tokyo were next on the list. "One up and two to go!" he declared. He made no specific reference to invasion but about the time he spoke United States and Allied forces were jumping off from England for the air and water push across the channel. White House Secretary Stephen T. Early told reporters today that the speech might have had the effect of a "psychological diversion" on the Nazis, who were sure to be listening to what the President was saying.

Replying to a question, he said that so far as he knew, the speech contained no code or signal to our leaders in England. He added that in hi opinion the plans had been so well laid no such last minute sign was needed. The United Nations, he said in Tecounting the grandeur that was Rome, are determined that in the future no one city and no one race would be able to control the whole of the world. Important Victory. The mere fact that the President spoke over the radio was a measure of the importance the United Nations place on the latest victory in Italy.

The Nazi propaganda line since the retreat has been that while the defeat meant a loss of prestige, it was not an important military event. The address also gave an opportunity to tell the American people that Germany has not yet been driven to surrender, and that victory, which still lies some distance ahead, will be tough and costly. "Germany," he said, "has not yet Teen driven to the point where Bhe will be unable to recommense world conquest a generation hence." In telling of the plans for Rome and the Italians the President indicated indirectly what the satellite nations might expect from the Allies in the way of food and self-srovernment if they break soon from their Axis rulers, particularly In North Italy and the Balkans. He made, however, no specific promises to these other nations. Text of Address.

The text of President Roosevelt's speech follows: Yesterday, June 4, 1944, Rome fell to American and Allied troops. The first of the Axis capitals is xow in our hands. One up and two to go! It Is perhaps significant that the first of these capitals to fall should have the longest history of all of them. The story of Rome goes back to the time of the foundations of our civilization. We can still see there monuments of the time when Rome and the Romans controlled the whole of the then known world.

That too is significant, for the United Nations are determined that in the future no ene city and no one race will be able to control the whole of the world. In addition to the monuments of the older times, we also see in Rome the great symbol of Christianity, which has reached into almost every part of the world. There are other shrines, and other churches in many places, but the churches and shrines of Rome are visible symbols of the faith and determination of the early saints and martyrs that Christianity should live and become universal. And now it will be a source of deep satisfaction that the freedom of the Pope and of the Vatican City is assured by the armies of the United Nations. Victory of Nations.

It is also significant that Rome has been liberated by the armed forces of many nations. The American and British armies who bore the chief burdens of battle found at their sides our own North American neighbors, the gallant Canadians. The fighting New Zealanders from the far South Pacific, the courageous French and the French Moroccans, the South Africans, the Poles and the East Indians all of them fought with us on bloody approaches to Rome. The Italians, too, foreswearing a partnership in the Axis whioh they never desired, have sent their troops to join us in our battles against the German trespassers on their soil. The prospect of the liberation of Rome meant enot'gh to Hitler and his generals to induce them to By ERNIE PYLE A Special Correspondent of the Post-Dispatch.

LONDON, June 6 (By Wireless.) T. GEN. JIMMIE DOOLITTLE, over here, noticed one day in headquarters the name of a LT. GEN. MARK W.

CLARK, we hope that this relief will be an investment for the future an investment that will pay dividends by eliminating Fascism and ending any Italian desires to start another war of aggression in the future. They are dividends which justify such an investment, because they are additional supports for world peace. The Italian people are capable of self-governrnent. We do not lose sight of their virtues as a peace-loving nation. We remember the many centuries in which the Italians were leaders in the arts and sciences, enriching the lives of all mankind.

We remember the great sons of the Italian people Galileo and Marconi, Michelangelo and Dante and that fearless discoverer who typifies the courage of Italy Christopher Columbus. Italy cannot grow In stature by seeking to build up a great mlli-tarstc empire. Italians have been overcrowded within their own territories, but they do not need to try to conquer the lands of other peoples in order to find the breath of life. Other peoples may not want to be conquered. Italians in America.

In the past, Italians have come by the millions to the United States. They have been welcomed, they have prospered, they have become good citizens, community and governmental leaders. They are not Italian-Americans. They are Americans Americans of Italian descent. Italians have gone in great numbers to the other Americas Brazil and the Argentine, for xample and to many other nations in every continent of the world, giving of their industry and their talents, and achieving success and the comfort of good living.

Italy should go on as a great mother nation, contributing to the culture and progress and good will of all mankind and developing her special talents in the arts, crafts, and sciences, and preserving her historic and cultural heritage for the benefit of all peoples. We want and expect the help of the future Italy toward lasting peace. All the other nations opposed to Fascism and Nazism should help give Italy a chance. The Germans, after years of domination in Rome, left the people in the Eternal City on the verge of starvation. We and the British will do everything we can to bring them relief.

Anticipating the fall of Rome, we made preparations to ship food supplies to the city, but it should be borne In mind that the needs are so great and the transportation requirements of our armies so heavy that improvement must be gradual. We have already begun to save the lives of the men, women and children of Rome. This is an example of the efficiency of your machinery of war. The magnificent ability and energy of the American people is growing the crops, building the merchant ships, making and collecting the cargoes, getting the supplies over thousands of miles of water, and thinking ahead to meet emergencies all this spells, I think, an amazing efficiency on the part of our armed forces, all the various agencies working with them, and American industry and labor as a whole. No great effort like this can be a hundred per cent perfect, but the batting average is very, very high.

I extend the congratulations and thanks of the American people to Gen. Alexander, who has been in command of the whole Italian operation; to Gen. Clark and Gen. Leese of the Fifth and the Eighth Armies; to Gen. Wilson, the supreme Allied commander of the Mediterranean theater, and to his American deputy, Gen.

to Lit. Gen. Eaker; to Adms. Cunningham and Hewitt; and to all their brave officers and men. May God bless them and watch over them and over all of our gallant, fighting men.

The name is not a very ordinary one, and he made, a mental note that some day he would look the fellow up for a little chat. One day not long after that he phone rang and the voice at the other' end said, "This is Capt. Doolittle." fight desperately at great cost of men and materials and with great sacrifice to their crumbling Eastern line and to their Western front. No thanks are due to them if Rome was spared the devastation which the Germans wreaked on Naples and other Italian cities. The Allied generals maneuvered so skillfully that the Nazis could only have stayed long enough to damage Rome at the risk of losing their armies.

But Rome is of course more than a military objective. Ever since before the days of the Caesars, Rome has stood as a symbol of authority. Rome was the republic. Rome was the empire. Rome was, and Is, In a sense, the Catholic Church, and Rome was the capitol of a united Italy.

Ltaer, unforaunately, Rome became the seat of fascism one of the three capitols of the Axis. Degraded by Duce. For a quarter century the Italian people were enslaved and degraded by the rule of Mussolini from Rome. They will mark its liberation with deep emotion. In the north of Italy, the people are still dominated and threatened by the Nazi overlords and their fascist puppets.

Somehow, in the back of my head is still remembered a name Mussolini. Our victory comes at an excellent time, while our Allied forces are poised for another strike at Western Europe and while armies of other Nazi soldiers nervously await our assault. And our gaHant Russian allies continue to make their power felt more and more. From a strictly military standpoint, we had long ago accomplished certain of the main objectives of our Italian campaign the control of the sea lanes of the Mediterranean to shorten our combat and supply lines, and the capture of the airports of Foggia from which we have struck telling blows on the continent. It would be unwise to Inflate in our own minds the military importance of the capture of Rome.

We shall have to push through a long period of greater effort and fiercer fighting before we get into Germany itself. The Germans have retreated thousands of miles, all the way from the gates of Cairo, through Libya and Tunisia and Sicily and Southern Italy. They have suffered heavy, losses, but not great enough yet to cause collapse. Germany has not yet been driven to surrender. Germany has not yet been driven to the point where she will be unable to recommence world conquest a generation hence.

Victory Far Ahead. Therefore, the victory still lies some distance ahead. That distance will be covered in due time have no fear of that. But it will be tough and it will be costly. In Italy the people had lived so long under the corrupt rule of Mussolini that, in spite of the tinsel at the top, their economic condition had grown steadily worse.

Our troops have found starvation, malnutrition, disease, a deteriorating education and lowered public health all by-products of the Fascist misrule. The task of the Allies in occupation has been stupendous. We have had to start at the very bottom, assisting local governments to reform on democratic lines. We have had to give them bread to replace that which was stolen out of their mouths by the Germans. We have had to make it possible for the Italians to raise and use their own local crops.

We have to help them cleanse their schools of Fascist trappings. The American people as a whole approve the salvage of these human beings, who are only now learning to walk in a new atmosphere of freedom. Some of us may let our thoughts run to the financial cost Of it. Essentially it is what we can call a form of relief. At the same time Continued on Page 10, Column 2.

from head of the Eighth Air Force the roster of officers at his staff Capt. Doolittle. Gen. Doolittle flew in one afternoon from the far forward airdrome of Youks les Bains. The night before his entire crew except' for the co-pilot had been killed in a German bombing at the Youks field.

His crew had manned their planes' guns until it got too hot, and then made a run for an old bomb crater 50 yards away. It was one of those heartbreaking freaks of hard luck. A bomb hit the crater just as they reached it, and killed them. Gen. Doolittle has written hundreds, perhaps thousands, of letters to people who have lost sons or husbands in his air forces.

But one of the men in that crew was the hardest subject he has ever had to write home about. Here is the reason When he led the famous raid on Tokyo, Doolittle had a mechanic who had been with him a long time. Doolittle was a colonel 12-IN. GALV. WELDED FABRIC FENCE Can UMd for POULTRY.

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MO. and Slacks Get the most out of summer; pick up a few cool sport shirts and a couple of pairs of slacks. Get in tune with June. Meet July more than half way. And all through August until after Labor Day in September enjoy the weather in sport shirts and slacks.

And, incidentally, grand gifts for Father's Day, the 18th! "Oh yes," said the General. "I had noticed your name and I meant to call you up sometime." "I'd like to come in and see you," said the voice at the other end. "Why yes, do that," the General said. "I'm pretty busy these days, but I'll switch you to my aide and he'll make an appointment for you. Glad you called, Captain.

I'll look forward to seeing you." He was just ready to hang up when the voice came back pain-tively over the phone: "But Dad, this is me. Don't you recognize me? I've got a package for you from Mom." The General exploded: "Well, why in hell didn't you say so in the first place!" It was Capt. Jimmie Doolittle a B-26 pilot in the Ninth Air Force. The General hasn't got around yet to seeing the other Capt. Doolittle.

It'll probably turn out to be his brother or something. Doolittle Crew Killed. THE last time I had seen Gen. Doolittle was some 16 months ago, way down at the desert airdrome of Biskra on the edge of the Sahara. That was when he was running our African bomber force that was plastering the Tunisian ports.

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