Democrat and Chronicle from Rochester, New York • Page 1

SECTION ONE- GENERAL NEWS EDITORIALS V. H. WKAT1IKK HtltKAU FOIlECASr Light Know or freeilns; rain, warmrr today AIRIOHT TI MCIHUI IIKH flllih, SO dr(m( I a.m.Hrdl'w, ft 6Vrr 100TII YICAR 24 Pages KOCUHSTISIt. N. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER III, 15)11 Hun rlnrn at 7:13, kt Itt 4:40 Wrutlxr ltt I'm 14 fURIOH CENTS GOOD MORNING UK HI MK III Mr: A THE ROAD AHEAD, By FRITZ BROWNELL rKc Today 11 1 (gin Foe Planes Get Air, REDS RETAKE 2 KEY CITIES OF CRIMEA Control Tanks Annual War Cost Set at 50 Billions In FDR 's Budget Washington (AP) "War expenditures at a rate of by the 4 middle of 1943 were advanced by President Roosevelt yesterday as the goal of American TTulustrial and militarv elTort.

MINSKfe ttNSVr TALINOGORSK XSl 3rKV Ayn 'vOv petrovskV IV' -V BLACK SEVASTOPOL- SEA TUAPSE tiorn Honking BULLETIN Tokyo (Official Japanese broadcast recorded by XJP in San Francisco) Imperial headquarters today called on U. S. forces in the Philippines to cease resistance and surrender "to assure the safety and protection of lives and property in Manila." The Japanese military authorities again officially rejected Gen. Douglas MacArthur's designation of Manila as an "open city" and said: "Any further disaster that may come on the people of the Philippines can be held responsible by the command of the American Far Eastern Army and the government of the Philippines." Imperial headquarters claimed the Japanese have shut off the channels of reinforcements to the Philippines, either from the United States mainland, Singapore or the Dutch East Indies. Feodosiya (arrow) and Kerch, strategic town3 on the Crimean peninsula, are reported recaptured by the Russians.

Dotted line indicates greatest penetrations by the Nazis. Homelands Manila (AP) The Japanese invaders are driving in great force on Manila from both north and south with their dive bombers in almost complete command of the roads from the air, and with great quantities of tanks and armored rxits pressing relentlessly on the capital. This was announced in an ominously terse communique by General MacArthur at 11 a. m. today (9 p.

m. Tuesday EST.) "Our forces are being pushed back," the four-sentence announcement said. Attack on Foe Set as Goal Text of Churchill Address on rage 4 By LLOYD LEHRBAS Ottawa (AP) Bristling with confidence, Prime Minister Churchill declared to this dominion yesterday that the conduct of this war must reach its climax in allied assault 'upon the citadel and homeland of the guilty powers, both in Europe end Asia." IN GENERAL MAC ARTHUR "Our forces being pushed ENEMY'S SUBS SUSPECTED IN ALASKA AREA Washington IJP) The Navy announced officially last' 'night that it suspected the presence of Japanese craft in Alaskan waters, uncomfortably close to Kodiak Island where a naval air station is under construction. A Navy communique tersely mentioned a suspicion that Japanese "vessels" were in the vicinity and said that merchant ships had been warned. The "vessels" presumably were submarines.

There was some speculation as to whether undersea craft might have transferred their operations from the California coast, scene of re cent sinkings, to the great Alaskan Peninsula that juts out far into the Pacific toward Japan. The Army at the same time is- sued a communique chronicling the death of 27 men and the wounding of 80 in Japan's aerial assault Mon day against the island fortress of Corregidor at the entrance to Manila Bay. The appearance of Japanese vessels off Alaska raised the possibility that they might try to shell the Kodiak Air Station. North Pacific shipping lanes in the area have been closed for some time and there presumably are few cargo ships in the vicinity. Similar air stations arc being constructed at Sitka and Dutch Harbor to bolster Alaskan air de fenses.

Kodiak is on the western tip of Kodiak Island, which lies south and east of the Alaskan Peninsula. The Navy said further that Amer ican submarines were pressing ahead with their operations in Far Eastern waters. Since Christmas Day, communiques have indicated American activity in waters near the Japanese islands. In thorn the Navy has announced the sinking of two Japanese transports, one mine sweeper and a supply vessel, and the probable sinking of another transport and a seaplane tender, The Navy labeled as "without foundation" reports that a U. S.

destroyer and two American sub marines were sunk over the weekend. Midway Island was still in American hands and had suffered no further attacks, it added. BULLETINS SINGAPORE RAIDED New Large formation of Japanese warplanes scored hits on military objectives at Singapore last night, doing "much damage," according to a Tokyo broadcast of the Japanese Domel news agency relayed by the German DNB agency and heard here this morning by the United Press listening post. DUCK TO REPORT ON WAR Rome (From Italian broadcast recorded by UP in New York) Premier llonito Mussolini will report on the progress of the war to the directors of the Fascist Party Saturday, it was announced this morning. TOKYO SETS BLACKOUT Tokyo (From official Japanese broadcast recorded by UP in New York) The eastern defense headquarters warned the public today againwt possible air raids during the New Year holidays and announced a partial blackout in the Tokyo-Yokohama area from midnight tomorrow until tho morning of Jan.

4. Nil 11 of Move Up (Japanese military spokesmen, who had stated their goal was capture of Manila by Jan. 1, only yesterday had revised that prediction to Jan. 10.) Enemy in Great Force The text of MacArthur's communique: "The enemy la driving in great force from both north and south. "His dive bombers practically control the roads from the air," the communique continued.

"The Japanese are using great quantities of tanks and armored units." "Our lines are being pushed back." This terse and ominous announcement followed disclosure that the southern defensive front was only a half-hour's automobile drive from Manila. Clark Lee, Associated Press war correspondent, left here by automobile at 7:30 a. visited the front line vicinity and was back in Manila at 8:30 a. m. only an hour for the round trip.

Thrust in 2 Columns This marked an unspecified but considerable advance for the Japanese invaders, who Monday night were reported to be within 45 miles of Manila and apparently bent on skirting both sides of the great Laguna de Bay on the first-class roads leading around that lake to this closely imperilled capital. This thrust was in two columns, one reaching the town of Dolores, some 35 miles beyond the Atimonan beachhead. On the northern front, it was stated unofficially that General MacArthur's new and shortened line defending the Central Luzon plain running down to Manila now extends east and west through the town of Zaragoza, a point about 65 miles above the capital. The main Japanese forces were believed to stand a few miles to the north of this line. Veterans Arrive (Such a withdrawal by General MacArthur's main "lodies had been indicated by the War Department in a communique on Monday.) The possibility that some of tha veteran Japanes troops used in the siege of Hongkong were now-joining the Philippine invading forces was seen in some quarters.

Previous reports from all fronts had agreed that the invaders were young and all-trained. THE RED CROSS LOOKS AHEAD ALWAYS prepared for emergencies is the Red Cross. In its various training programs it loots ahead to the possible time when the services of those trained may be sorely needed. Evidence of how the Red Cross works Is the fact that right now In Rochester more than 7,000 persons are taking the Red Cross 20-hour course in first aid. This training requires materials and materials cost money.

The first aid training it only one of scores of training programs sponsored by the Red Cross, all of which must be financed. That is one reason why the Red Cross is looking to the people of Rochester to support it by raising: $350,000 That is the amount Rochester is urged to raise toward the Red Cross fund sought throughout the nation. GIVE! See Page 15 By HENRY C. CASSIDY Moscow (AP) Ked troops of the Caucasus and the Black Sea Fleet have stormed and recaptured the Crimean towns of Kerch and Feodosiya in smashing new successes which imperil the entire Nazi Army on that Black Sea Peninsula, it was officially announced yesterday. Premier Stalin immediately sent a message of congratulation to General Kozlov, commander-in-chief on the Caucasian front, and to Rear Admiral Oktyabreky, commander c.f the Black Sea Fleet which participated in the reoccu-pation of those cities which the Russians were forced to abandon in Kerch is on the eastern tip of the Crimean Peninsula about two miles across the straits from the Caucasus and its oil wealth.

Feodosiya, however, is at least 5o miles to the west on the coast. "Retreating in both these sectors, the enemy is being pursued by our units," the triumphant communique said. Menaced from Renr German armies besieging the big Crimean naval base of Sevastopol on the southwestern coast now are menaced from the rear by the advancing Soviet, eastern armies. Stalin in his victory message told his army and naval leaders that "the Crimea must bo freed from tho German invaders and their Rumanian and Italian lackey." The seizure of Kerch and Feodosiya occurred after a stubborn two-day fight which began Monday. Russian troops aided by the Red Fleet atormcd across the Straits of Kerch from the cast and fell on Feodosiya from the south.

The Germans announced their capture of Kerch by Nazi and Rumanian troops on Nov. 16 after a two-week race across the flat hinterland of the peninsula from Pere-kop Isthmus. By the Crimean drive and another along the southern Russian mainland toward Rostov the Germans had hoped to crack the gateway to Russian oil in the Caucasus. But Marshall Semeon Timoshcn-ko's mainland troops later threw the Germans out of Rostov as far back as Taganrog which now is believed to be surrounded. Strongholds Retaken Now tho Russians have announced the retaking of the Eastern Crimean strongholds in the huge winter drive to oust the Germans from occupied Russia.

(Informed- quarters in London last Saturday announced their belief that a Russian Crimean drive was under way because of a German report that four troop-laden Russian transports had been sunk near the Kerch Strait.) The Russians earlier had announced breaking through four strongly fortified areas beyond the Oka River in the central sector drive. This offensive is being pressed forward in the area of the breakthrough, official dispatches said, increasing the threat to the German rear between Kaluga and Orel, southwest of Moscow. "The Germans exert great efforts to check their panicky fliRht," said a Tass dispatch. "On the Oka River they had prepared a fortified zone with trenches, dugouts, barbed wire entanglements and block houses. On Dec.

28 our units broke through these defenses in several sectors simultaneously. Forcing the Oka. Red Army men dislodged the Fascists from four populated places where the Germans had created fortified areas." DIES OK AUTO INJURIES Buffalo JF) Joseph Krause, 57, died last night of injuries received Sunday when struck by an automobile. Telescope, Shows way, called the red shift. This dimming could mean that they are receding, rushing away from earth, and if that is true, the arthest-away ones now visible are traveling 25,000 miles a second.

This speed of recession led astronomers a few years ago to say the universe probably Is exploding. But Dr. Hubble reported that six years' scrutiny through the 100-lnch eye does not bear out the explosion theory. The nebulae could not be uniformly distributed, as the telescope shows they arc, and still fit the explosion Idea. When it is reached, the fnnntiy will be devoting 50 per cent of its I national Income to the purpose of defeating the Axis.

By the outlay is to be running aboat 27 per cent six months from now, and apparently Is less than that now. The Chief Executive revealed these figures at a prena conference discussion of the budget for the tiscal year ending June 30, 1913, which is to be sent to Congress next week. Some difficulty was being experienced, he said, with the problem whether the figures should cover the total cost cf projects begun during the year, or r.Iy actual Treasury expenditures. Resources Tooled In response to questions, he con- imcd Canadian dispatches that American and Canadian militarv lesources were being pooled. That had been going on for a month, he said, and was as old as Dec.

7 (the day the Japanese attacked Hawaii). He would not say, however, th the money angle of the ltase-lend program had been eliminated, although no thought had been given recently to the phase of the program under which military articles lent to other nations ari to be returned or replaced after the war. While he emphasized that he was aiming at utmost utilization of the nation's productive capacity, the President said no human being rouJd tell what would be done with the finished products whether they might So to Ruania, Chin, Britain or the Kamchatka Peninsula. This peninsula, he said, when reporters showed a sign of surprise, is the most practical and available piece of land west of the Aleutian Islands. Program Title Changed The Peninsula, which is Russian territory, lies north of Japan and apparently within striking distance of that country, but the President save no further indication how it might fit into the war strategy.

Expanding on the question of the production program, he said he had changed its name. Before the war started, he said the OPM had what was known as the all-out program or victory program. He preferred, he added, to use less dramatic terminology and call it the war program. Before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, a budget program was drawn up which was presented to him on the day of that assault. Saying he had to be very careful these days, he applied to it the alge-braic symbol X.

That evsninw. he continued, he looked ever quickly came to the that it as insufficient. He sent it back with a request that be added to it. Then, in last week's discussions with the British, he decided, not reluctantly hut gladly, that should be added to the combined plus program. War Effort Spending He laughingly declined to answer a question whether plus plus 2 equals 3X," but went on to say that by the end of the 1943 fiscal year, it involved devoting half of a rational income of 100,000,000,000 to the war effort.

The objective was to turn America's full productive capacity into the battle against the Axis, although, he said, necessary civilian production would go on. Ha If-Mlnute Interview QUESTION: Should the United States bomb Tokyo? INTERVIEWED Burton E. Stratton, supervisor of the evening school at Rochester Athenaeum and Mechanics Institute. Said Stratton: If is necessary to bomb Tokyo or Berlin we should do so without qualms of conscience, for ur enemies are ruthless. injfle minded md treacherous.

Our objective, however, is to win this war against Hitler and his satellites and we roust not be Jiverted from this aim by Iramatic but fruitless nimi-dve i i-tions. Let's pull Bl'KTOV E. STKATTO.V together r. and let's have an end to shortsighted isolationism so that we can win the peace as well as the war. v.

May Be Taken As Raid Signal Washington Don't way "Happy New Year with automobile horns, sirens or similar noise-making devices, Civilian Defense Director F. II. LaGuardia urged last night. "Such noise-makers could be mistaken for air raid warning signals and serious disorder could 'result," LaGuardia declared. "It is earnestly to be hoped that no air raid warning signal will have to be sounded on New Years Eve, but if it became necessary, the people's attention and alertness should not he diverted." "I earnestly urge the people to consider thin in all sincerity we can have just as much fun without blowing the horns." U.

S. ARRANGES PURCHASE OF CUBAN SUGAR Washington CP) Jesse Jones, federal loan administrator, announced yesterday that the United States has concluded arrangements to buy the whole 1942 Cuban sugar cane crop. Ho announced that the govern-" ment-owned Defense Supplies Corporation has contracted for all the Cuban sugar and molasses not needed by Cuba for her own consumption or for sale to other Pan-American countries. While Jones made no comment about the purpose of the contract, it was understood to have the dual purpose of insuring against a sugar shortage in this country and of bolstering the Cuban economic situation. Flag of Cincus Raised on Ship Built in Germany Washington UT) The four-star admiral's flag of Ernest J.

King, commander-in-chief of the United States Fleet, fluttered yesterday from a Navy gunboat built In Germany. The flag-hoisting ceremony, which signaled the office-taking ceremony of the "Cincus," was performed with the central figure absent. Admiral King, occupied in conferences with Allied naval chiefs here for the last week, was too busy to be aboard the gunboat Vixen when hi3 personal flag was raised. The 330-foot gunboat, formerly the private yacht Orion, apparently was chosen for the ceremony because it lay conveniently nearby, in the Washington Navy Yard. Navy officials said the Diesel-powered yacht was purchased for $240,000 from the estate of the late Julius Forstmann, prominent New Jersey textile manufacturer, in November, 1940.

The conversion to a fighting ship was completed last April. The yacht was built in 1923, in Kiel. Germany. No advance notice was given of the flag-hoisting ceremony, which the Navy said was marked by "the utmost simplicity." Quezon Inducted For Second Term Somewhere in Luzon iUSO Man uel I. Quezon was inaugurated for a second term as president of the beleaguered Philippines yesterday In a ceremony at his secret capital, located near the headquarters of Gen.

Douglas MacArthur's United States Army Far East Force. In the presence of General Mac-Arthur and United States Commissioner Francl3 B. Sayre, he pledged that the Philippine would "stand by America" until victory is won, regardless of the sufferir- and sacrifices imposed on th commonwealth. Sayre asserted that "we (Americans and Fi'ipinos) have become brothers in blood shed for the defense of common ideals." Speaking to an informal Joint session of the Canadian Parliament in the beautifully-appointed Green Room of the House of Commons and a vast radio audience beyond, Churchill declared the war's forthcoming three phases were: 1. Consolidation, of combination and of final preparation, a period "which will certainly be marked by much heavy fighting;" 2.

The phase of liberation, during which "we must look to the recovery of the treasures which have been lost or which may yit be lost;" 3. The assault 'upon the Axis' own strongholds. No Half Measures Fresh from his meetings with President Roosevelt, Churchill declared the object of the Washington discussions was to ensure "tha total extirpation of Hitler tyranny, Japanese frenzy and the Mussolini flop." "I have been all this week with the President of the United StatC3, that great man. whom destiny has marked for this climax of human fortunes," he said. "We have been concerting the united pacts and resolves of more than 30 states and nations to fight on in unity together.

There will be no halting or half measures." "It is only when the vast shipbuilding program, on which the United States has already made so much progress and which you are powerfully aiding, comes into full flood that we shall be able to bring the whole force of our manhood and of our modern scientific equipment to bear upon the enemy. How long this period will take depends upon the vehemence of the effort put into production. In all our war industries and shipyards." Sees Fight for Canadians Churchill told Canadians tholr contribution to the war effort had been "magnificent," and predicted that in a few months "when the Invasion season returns, the Canadian Army may be engaged in one of the most fateful battles the world has ever seen." Continued on race Four Former Mayor Shot By French Terrorists Vichy, Unoccupied France 2Pi Fernand Soupe, the former "Red Mayor" of the Parisian suburb ot Montreuil who turned collaborationist, was shot by a cyclist Monday night. The Paris press reported the incident as another terrorist attempt on turncoat Communists. Soupe's condition yesterday was reported improving.

by Churchill HELP ON WAY, DUTCH INDIES TOLD BY PRESS Batavia, N. E. I. (ID Alllsd reinforcements were reported by Dutch newspapers last night to be enroute to the Pacific war theater even as Lieut. Gen.

Hein Ter Poorten, the Indies commander in chief, urgently called for more bombers, fighter planes and antiaircraft guns to ward off expected Japanese invasion thrusts at Dutch soil. (At the same time there were press reports from Sydney that British Prime Minister Churchill had advised Australian Prime Minister John Curtin that Britain and her allies had decided upon a definite plan of action In the Pacific which would enormously improve allied striking power against Japan. As a result, an Australian government spokesman said the Pacific position. In so far as it affects Australia, "has improved immeasurably." Previously, Curtin had indicated some apprehension lest the grand allied war strategy be concentrated in Europe to the temporary disadvantage of the allied defenders of the Pacific.) The Indies newspapers asked tho public to be patient. They said help was on the way, but stressed that "enormous difficulties" remained before a general allied offensive could be started.

The general told the official news agency, Aneta, that prompt material support was needed to hold these strategic colonies "which will be defended to the last man." He said Japanese fleets roaming the South Pacific were "easy targets for bombers operating from Netherland Indies bases" a fact already proved by the hard-hitting Dutch airmen and submarine crews who have so many extended and vulnerable areas to defend. "Such material support," the general said, "if given with the least possible delay, could even hold off a large-scalo Japanese landing attempt." 4 CRASH VICTIM DIES Buffalo CP) William R. Boer-gere, 69, died yesterday of injuries received Monday night when, Medical Examiner Rocco N. Dedominicis said, he was knocked down by one car, then struck by another. year being the distanco light travels In one year.

The earth Is at the center of this space, with the Milky Way immediately around the earth. In this space there appear to be about 100 million other milky ways, or nebulae, each a. vast family of suns, gasses and presumably comets and othr familiar celestial objects. These hundred million nebulae show two things: One, they are on the average uniformly distributed, about two million light-years apart, with near-vacuum between them. Two, the light of the more distant ones is dimmed in a peculiar U.

S. TANK UNIT KILLS 500 JAPS; PLANES ARRIVE Manila, P. I. (UP) A United State tank force led by MaJ. Ernest Miller of St.

Joseph, has blasted its way out of an encirclement on the North Luzon front, killing at least 500 Japanese, and the southern battle line is holding firmly at the border of Batangas Province, 50 miles from Manila, war dispatches revealed today. Meanwhile, U. S. warplanes made a dramatic appearance on the north front, indicating that the vanguard of the anxiously-awaited Philippine reinforcements may have arrived. (There was speculation on the possibility that U.

S. fighting planes assigned to guard the Burma Road and Rangoon, the Chinese supply port, might have been flown to the Philippines through Malaya, the Netherlands East Indies and the South Philippine Islands. Some 150 U. S. Flyers released from the U.

S. Army Air force to Join Col. Claire Chennault's "International Air Force" in China, are estimated to be available as Philippine reinforcements. They fly U. S.

fighting planes and have been in action against the Japanese over tho Burma Road.) U. S. planes arrived over the north front just as the Japanese brought the important communications center of Cabantuan, 60 miles north of Manila, under artillery fire. The Japanese had reached the outskirts of that town after a break-through on the Agno River front on the night of Dec. 27.

Yesterday, it was learned that in this break-through a force of U. S. tanks covering the rear of infantry forces was surrounded, but finally managed to storm its way out of the trap. Weathering a blaze of gunfire so bright that it blinded the drivers, causing one of them to miss a turn at a road intersection, the tanks stormed the Japanese lines with all their own guns in action and reached the remainder of their their unit many miles to the east. The reports of aerial reinforcements in the north caused a revival of optimism in beleaguered Manila.

Streaking in from great the planes sent the inhabitants of a dozen towns scurrying for Finally they swooped down until the white star insignia of the U. S. Air Force became visible to ground watchers, who had grown accustomed to seeing the Rising Sun insignia of the Japanese on the wing tips of every passing plane. Franz Weissblatt, United Press correspondent, who was driving through a little town near the front at the time, said the first persons to notice that the planes were American began shouting with joy i and soon the entire population was in the streets cheering. 1 Index Comics 11 Crossword Puzzle II Deaths 20 Editorial 10 Features 12.

17. 20 Financial 21, 22 Liimann 10 Radio 12 Runyon 9 Society 16 Theater 8, 9 Tomorrow's Headlines 12 Vicinity 20 Want ads ..23, 24 Universe Peaceful, World's Giant Dallas (TP) The world's largest telescope shows that the universe probably is not exploding, but is a quiet, peaceful place, and possibly just about infinite in size. The observations were made with the 100-inch telescope at Mt. Wilson, and reported to the American Association for the Advancement of Science last night by Dr. Edwin P.

Hubble, the astronomer who for years had done the most study of the far-out parts of the This telescope sees an area about 1,000 light-years across, a light- Winchell 8.