Democrat and Chronicle from Rochester, New York • Page 98

WWWitliiiflHBiif'Irtllllf 12E ROCnESTER DEMOCRAT AND CIIKOXICLK, SUNDAY. DECEMliEK lf. 5E PERU STAMPS PORTRAY 26 YEARS OF AVIATION AGED WEEKLY-MACHINE AGE-LESS City and Country Five Issued In Series 'Widow's Mite 'Tribute Penny' Most Intriguing Bible Coins era will tell you, when they arrived in Pni-lps half a century ago the village's only telephone was in The Citizen office and it was used obviously for long distance purposes. By L. B.

"MO written the printer's final symbol, "30," after hU career on Christmas morning in 1928. The chronicler would have been told of a highlight of their days as printer's devils. It was their part in composing the story that shocked a nation the assassination of President James Gar-held in The brothers not only did their share in getting out a handset extra but they ran screaming through the streets of Syracuse selling copies to a mourning populace. Thus the three brothers for a few years felt the thrills of daily newspaper work as they became fast compositors at $1.50 per week. Disregarding the remark, filled with the spirit of peace on earth and good will toward men fur it was Christmas Eve- the Bussey brothers pushed on to their "conquest consummation of the purchase of The Citizen from one W.

H. Ts'eighbor. The newspaper plant, typically rural, at that time was located in the Ross Block, later knovn as the Cooley Block and now the Hayes, on the opposite end of Main Street from its present site where the brick thoroughfare dips down over Flint Creek and heads westerly toward Clifton Springs, four miles away. It is still a typically rural printing plant, the Citizen build- By James P. Flynn FIVE new airmail stamps have been issued by Peru to commemorate the first Inter-American Technical Convention held in L.ma, the capital city, from September 16 to 23.

convention was sponsored hy the Pan American Union and K- purpose was to discuss proposals for ''the acceleration of inter-American communications" through the promotion of aviation clubs, tourist atr travel, cheaper air transportation, etc. In attendance were delegates from Argentine, Brazil, Colombia, Chile. Ecuador. Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela, an i curiously enough Germany an 1 Italy. The stamps, which range in Vulu-" from 10 centavos to 1 sol, pictoi iaily span 26 years of prog-is Peruvian aviation.

The pi inters shv. A tlt two-page pres on which a thousand copies of The aie pitnted each week IS powered by a Kunoline engine. In service more than yeai. it has failed bu! once, and then when it slipped a sci. It is locate In the basement where some ol the newsprint and the Guidon pre are kept.

It was there where the lluisey biotheis felt the greatest tragedy of their career. They were iedy to go to press one Wednesday in lull As they laid a 17 pound" type-nlled foi iii on the bed of the press, piece of type fell out. As they lifted the form to letiiovw the vagi ant piei half of the page fell on the bed and floor, a jumbled mass of pied type, than which there is no greater tuise in a pi int shop. Did they ue profanity to vent their feelings? They did not. The Bussey butt hers aien't pi o-fane men, they are God fearing, chui'chgoing (IU.CH.

But let Albert tell aout it "We jut stood here upcechieft. When the shock was over, we puxhed aside the pied type and went to setting auain. Kour of us finished the Job in two houis. Ani it was one of the cleanest pi'iofs I have ever read." Labor tioiibh-s don't bo'her the Bujseys. They woi as long as Skeffington -At the low point of the depression, in February, 1933, the index of prices paid to New York, farmers for, the things they sell had dropped to 56.

By June of this year it had advanced to 121 and by October had reced to 105. While these changes were taking place, prices which farmers pay were much slower in coming into balance. When wages and cost of manufacturing and distributing rise, unless farm prices rise proportionately, the farmer suffers. Mr. Cooper points out "In this we nuust bear in mind the lelationship of agriculture to other industries and advocate no program which will do wrong or bring about injustice to any other class or any other industry," he says.

For this reason he believes farmers should dema nd of our government, "from our local school district clear through to the White House," that a pro-gi am of economy be initiated with lessened demands for costly public enterprises. IN the expense of any other class," says Raymond Cooper, master of the State Grange, in answer to the sometimes expressed charge that farmers seek class legislation. Rather than special benefits for agriculture, he says the Grange seeks equality. "We are familiar with the fact, through sad experience, that agriculture bears an unjust proportion of the tax burdens which must be ca rried for support of government." The traditional Grange stand has been that taxation should be based upon "ability to pay or service rendered." In words, says Mr. Cooper, so long as there is discrepancy between price ratios for things farmers sell and things farmers must buy agriculture is placed at a disadvantage.

Some indication of what is meant by this may be found in the Cornell index prices. or average prices for the 1910-14 period, is taken as the base and indexed as 100. Jewish Shekel of Israel Tribute Penny The Invasion of High Speed Presses and Linotypes into Journalism Finds One Paper Clinging to the Traditions Of a Romantic Printing Era By William F. Sunday THERE Hie many references in the Bible to raonfy. but there are few specific references to any particular issue of cins.

However, aeeordinor to St. Matthew, the Pharisees questioned Jesus Chritst. asking "What thinker thou? Is it law- water under th earth" Thus X'h: purple issue shows a crudely By Harold A. Nichols WOODEN awnings shaded shoppers from the glare of a high riding sun on glistening snow. Keioene street lamps, belching wisps of smoke into the frosty air, illuminated their weary way at eventide.

hitching posts restrained champing horses, steaming at the nostrils. Such was Phelps 50 years ago, come Friday. Dec. 24, when two brothers arrived, carpetbags in hand, to plunge into an adventure in rural journalism. Today the Bussey brothers, Hepry, 73, and Albert, 70, are substantial, septugenarian citizens of the Ontario County community.

They are the publishers of The Phelps Citizens, a nearly 107-year-old weekly unique in its field. Like a chapter out of the past, like a heritage of the era of wooden awnings, kerosene lamps and hitching posts, The Hhelps Citizen is a handset newspaper. Its course has never been altered by the invasion of typesetting machines and methods of high speed printing. And it never will be changed, the Bussey brothers will tell you, so long as they remain the owners. They are proud of their newspaper and proud of their creative ability in the printing crafts.

And they are contentedly happy in the niche they have carved for themselves in the weekly field. For by their very diligence and their supreme patience in setting type letter by letter, week after week for 2,599 weeks, they have hewed a niche occupied by few other publishers in the nation. It might well be said they have written a saga of rural journalism. It's a saga that would have given another colorful chapter to Carl Carmers York State Chronicle, "Listen for a Lonesome Drum had his peregrinations taken him to the sanctum of the brothers Bussey. He would have heard how three brothers "just drifted" into the publishing field in Syracuse in he early 80' s.

Besides Henry and Albert there was Edwin Bussey, whose obituary the survivors composed by hand after the Supreme Editor had tne aesign on tae coin aoes not attempt to reproduce anything found in nature. The Weekly Crossword Puzzle Passing from the front office, you enler a composing room so arranged that everything is convenient to the veteran printers. Aged type racks hold scores of cases of metal tvpe. Cavernous makeup stones are at one side of the room near a highly polished round oak stove. The Busseys' collection of wooden type is interesting.

its graduated sizes are arranged in a rack that reaches nearly to the celling on one side of the room. Many printing establishments would be envious of it. In the room you will find four compositoi often sitting on hih stools like the bookkeepers of grandfathers day. They are the Bussey brothels, their niece. Mrs.

Mae English. and Benjamin Knowles, affectionately called "Pop" by the townspeople. "Pop" has been with the brothers nearly eight years, three more than Mis. English, having come over from Clyde, where he worked as many years for Editor Charles Odeli on the old Clyde Times. now merged with a LyOn weekly.

Going on 69, "Pop" has been sticking type in a number of shops since he was a boy in his native Johnstown. Turning to the makeup stones, you are awed by the size of the newspaper forms, considerably larger than most papers use today. Into four yawning pages each week go 8 to 10 columns of local and vicinity news and an equal amount of advertising. Considering that every piece of type is set by hand, you know the making of The Phelps Citizen requires the patience of Job. And such has been the history of this newspaper for more than 100 years and that of the Bussey brotners for 50! The portion of the paper which is not handset is filled with "boiler plate" features or stereotyped nutter.

This appears on the first and fourth pages, the local news being inside. A news review of current events is the page one feature and a column or two of fiction appears in installments on page four. Advertising still has its place on the front page of The Phelps Citizen. A recent issue carried more than three column of pyramided ads on page one as many newspapers did years ago. The editors Bussey frequently "point with pride." rarely "view with alaim." Politically their editorials always have been neutral.

As publishers of the. only weekly newspaper in a village of population and township of 4.500, they are leaders in civic movements. "But we prefer to be known as co-operators," Albert, the spokesman, will tell you. Filling the columns of The A Stick O' Type f-r The puhliiheri ol the iOT-yesr-old Phtlpt Cillten titend freelinfi readeri of the Deal-Cfit it Chronicle. We kite let this ttpe by hand just as have been setting ur weekly niuper for 50 years-since 'vay liv.lt in (he days o( Ihe suiiies nd bicycles built for two.

THE BROTHERS. Sons of a New York Central Railroad stationary engineer in Syracuse and residents of the present Geddes annexation there, the Bussey brothers didn't inherit their vocation as many printers do. After they had "drifted" into it, they kept their collective ear to the ground waiting for an opening. It came in 1837. The Phelps Citizen was on the block again.

It bad 30 different publishers in less than three score years, but somehow it had never failed to make its weekly appearance. So Henry and Edwin, fresh out of their teens, decided to venture foi-th into the territory that -one John Decker Robison, a New Englander. pioneered. Albert was to follow their adventurous trail when the returning robins heralded spring. As he alighted from a train, Edwin heard a dialogue which his survivors delight in recounting: "I hear The Citizen has been sold "Who bought it, have you heard?" "No, don't know their names, hut a couple of fools from Syracuse." lng which it has occupied since 1900.

It embodies the very life of these men and without it, to quote Albert, "We would be like fish out of water." As you approach your attention is arrested by the large, gold script letters, The Pheips Citizen, painted across a window streaked by the dust of passing traffic. Inside, there are huge potted plants that line the window scat near the editor's flattop desk, piled high with letters. Strikingly prominent is a large, gilt-framed portrait of Squire Lysander Redfield, the paper's first printer's devil, who purchased the plant seven years after it was founded. He later gave to the village ground for a park which bears his name. On the walls of the front office, where come many residents of the community during the course of a year, are at least a dozen calendar pictures of New York Central Railroad scenes and maps of New York State and the Pacific Ocean ports.

Shelves strain under boxes of printing stock. A kerosene heater stands ready for service on a chilly day. Incidentally, the Bussev broth- ful to give tribute unto Caesar or not But Jesus perceived their puc pose, and said. Why tempt ye me. ye hypocrites? Show me the tribute money.

And they brought unto him a penny. An-i he said unto them. Whose this image and superscription? And they said Caesar's. To which Christ replied, R.ender therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, and unto Cod the things that are God's. Numismatists have discovered the identity of this particular coin and it is generally referred to as the "Tribute Penny," oi Tiberius.

Proba bly the most populo of all coins mentioned in the Bible are the "Widows Mites," or Leptons. These tiny bronze pieces were crude copper coins bearing various designs and were the smallest denomination of the Creek and Syrian issues of that period The word Ipton is derived from the Greek "Leptus." meaning very niall. The parable found in the 12th chapter of Marks reads: "Jesus sat over against the treasury and beheld how the people cast a piece of money in the tieasury, and many that were rich cast in much. And there came a certain poor widow, and she threw in two mites, which make a fart hi rig. And he called to him his disci ple, and saith unto them.

Verily I aay unto you. that this poor widow hath cast more in than all they which have cast into the treasury. For ail they did cast in of their abundance but she of her want did cast in all she had. even all her living." Sull another reference to money occurs in the Bible in the story of ChnM's betrayal by udas Iscariot for thirty pieces of silver or ''shekels" of Israel. Illustrated is a silver shekel of Simon Maccabees, struck about 140 C.

during the revolt. The Heorew people were forbidden to make "any graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in Heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the ,22 11" zTsirit 7r it peo ai 32 ss IflZZlllI Toil ios 10b 1ST 22 Zl 7777 (75 I 1 1 I VTA I 1 I I 1 vZA till built primitive biplane flying over a stadium and bears the in-iition, in Spanish "First Flight in Peru by the Aviator Juan Kielovucic. Lima. January 14. ll 1 Beneath the portrait which appears on the 15c dull green is the inscription, "Jorge thvez.

Peruvian Hero who 'rossed the Alps between Brigue ani Oomosoola. Flying over Siinpi.in at 200S Meters." Sim p-Kn is a treacherous pass high in thi Alps between Brigue. Swit-a-'i land and Domossola, Italy. The 25c dull brown shows an atrpUne view of a modern land-in field, which the subtitle tells Ui is the Lima am bo airport at I Jiua In the borders of the stamps are iTrfTed the leading airlines of Peru. The allegorical design on the 1 sol grey black shows a huge modern transport pi inc.

a far cry from the plane pictuied on the 10c value, encircling the" globe. In the fore-gtound we see maps of North ani South America, with dotted Jiees giving various air routes from I -una to ail points of the iith The insci iption appro-puxrely reads "El Peru Unido At Mundo For Li no as Apreas" or 'Peru United with the World through Air Lanes." Demands There has been a growing demand among stamp collectors that the- Philatelic Agency be to frank all orders for lamps that they send out. This vouid obviate considerable and unnecessary expense i the part of collectors who purchase thetse stamps. Under the present setup, the collector spends 18 cents or more return postage on each order frt.n the agency. If you are in nor of requesting that the franking privilege be extended to the Philatelic Agency, kindly notify Philatelic Patter Editor, Democrat and Chronicle.

The results of your votes will be tabulated and forwarded to Trie National Feder ation of S'amp Clubs, votes thus received fr all over there is wotk to be done, often from 7 a. m. to 6 p. m. six days a week.

ThHr employes have a shorter week. They take annual vacations and stay away from printing establishments. The Bussey brothers hsve outlived 75 merchants in Phelps and have seen the village transformed into one of the most modern in Western New Yoik. Thiity-seven miles southeast of Rochester and eiKht miles northwest of Geneva. Phelps Is the village that proudly claims the largest sauerkraut factory in the woild.

The Babcock kraut interests are reputedly worth a million and a quarter. Of the business men who wen in Phelps when the Busseys arrived, only three remain. As Henry Bussey is dean of Ontario County printers, so is Robert B. Connolly dean of Phelps merchants. Fifty-eight years in th dry goods business, he has advertised in The Citizen every week without fail.

The others are Frank H. Howe, a coal dealer, and Edward F. Need ham, who sells grain drills. Gone are the wooden awninga, kerosene street lamps and hitcta-lng posts in Phelps. Gone art the board sidewalks and picket fences.

But the handset Phelps Citizen, whose respectful past has been fashioned by the hands of respected men, is still going And as you leave its little framo home you have the feeling that it will go on and on, as deftV nitely as tomorrow's dawn. Iff t-itizen requires several days. The Job is sandwiched in with job printing, the iifeblood of a weekly newspaper. The paper is issued each Wednesday. The paper out.

there is the Job of returning the type (except standing ads) piece by piece to Its proper box in the cases. The machinery in the Phelps plant includes three presses in graduated sizes. The smallest is used for job work, as is the next larger one. These are powered by foot, "kicking the press," as CLASSIFIED STAMP MARKET YEWFOUNDUND Coronation set with 25 different Newfoundland stamp, only 26c. Marigold Stamps.

Toronto, Canada. HORIZONTAL 49 Elk 50 Pithy phrase 51 KluJen 52 Market 63 Ore- digsers 54 Robbed 55 Pointer 57 Exhibition 68 Treat tenderly 69 Daniah weight 62 noise in sleep 63 Craft 64 Peruvian plant 63 Excita 67 Place Answers to Last Week's Puzzle VERTICAL 86 Pressing; 37 City in Vermont 39 Flavor 40 Wither 41 Re-collect in a body 42 "The lily maid of Astolat" 43 The Alpine rat 44 Penetrate 45 Resembling an ear 46 Right of precedence 48 Whalebone 50 Printer's measures 51 Greek letter 64 Space-bars 56 Signal again 53 Kind of triangle 59 Lasso GO Idie 61 Trader 64 Forceful speaker 66 Adores 69 Parts 70 A letter 71 A fillet var.) 72 Bird 74 Abrupt 1 Enclose 2 Rheto-Romano dialect 8 Amid 4 Wireman i Swayed back and forth 6 Reader 7 Forfeits 8 Black 9 Father 10 Thin layer. 11 Mistake 12 Tales 13 Adherent of the Papacy 14 Aid 15 High hill 16 European mountain range 17 Contest in law 18 One who imparts life to 19 Retreaters 28 Irish novelist 81 Vessel 35 Fishermen 81 Let 82 Become apparent 83 Injuries 84 Old English coin 85 Fungoid train disease 86 Spawn of shell fish 88 Part of "to bo" 8i Man's nickname 90 Make an edging 91 Worthless leaving 92 Sneaks 97 Particle 99 Embraces 100 Girl's name 103 Funeral hymn 104 Covered with a membrane 106 Marker 107 Concerning 108 Arseniates of copper 109 Reach 110 Flower 111 With- drawers 1 1 2 Terminated 113 Layman 7 5 Possesses 77 Tells agaisi 78 Not ripe 79 Pertaining; to a foreign language 80 Inhabitant of the Kurland peninsula 81 A drink 83 Liberal gift 84 Philippine peasant 87 Breed of pigeons 89 Caught 92 Man's nickname 63 Pertaining to punishment 94 A work bj Virgil 85 Wash lightly 96 Sylvan deity 98' Possessive pronoun 99 Abhor 100 Land-measure 101 Gill's name 102 Genus of plants 105 Spanish chief 106 Pouch 1 Blemishei 6 Gratify 12 Spoon-shaped 20 Graas -cloth plant 21 Thief 22 Side-drum 23 Lova 24 Geometric line 25 Pertaining to a form of drama 26 Excavate ore 27 River in Siam 28 Youn herring 29 Calcium oxid SO Impresses deeply 82 Siotha 83 Wandar about 84 Hostility 83 A subordinate 88 Snares 40 Destiny 41 Encounter again 45 Egyptian deity 47 One who lessens the country will be placed in the hands of the proper a uthoi itie at Washing D. If you buy a ps from the agency or if you are a potential customer, you should be in-terpeted and act now. Ar range-ments are being made for a weekly bi oadcast on stamps each Saturday afternoon from 5.15 to 330 p.

m. over the entire red network of the NBC MOjT Af-jojV A TE Ml I 1V EpeK OjO N'E TjS Rj I Eit OBO OR HraL TNoPjOjR le pNs Ek eIs jC TIE AiS I TtlHEr 'THESE FfE CORD RMH Ef PER I pTTOTVVOERR EU A Tl A I n'g AjT Rfl VIE Tf IH AjV GjEjN'A AIN EhjE RNAU LElA'FVi fcjUjP SlE CjT RSE ETjl TTLTfe PpjR aW; jSjT AM NEIR Lfe ED i Fh kr Ef Mi of Pit SITE NDp RAT 1 1, PER ANGE VJE AIS AM BoIlIo APjSTjE AiL CjL AT (LOAN AjXIL lEl ISlE IaM YE' iPE 1L Usi JE INjPig; 63 Complains peevishly 71 Clue 73 Water-wheel 74 Near 75 That which cures 7d Musical instrument 77 Manners of performing divine serv-80 Casa for holding liitht for which all type is still set by hand. The Bussey! owners of the paper. Right is the office of the news- Henry, left, and Albert Bussey. owners of the Phelps Citizen, weekly newspaper more than 100 yean old.

Ceurtcil. i 1 3 07 Kin rattrM tna this month are cslebrating their 50th anniversary as paper. The insert was hand set by one of the Busseys.