The Des Moines Register from Des Moines, Iowa • 11

IOINE8 LEABEK EDITORIAL SECTION PAGES 13-24 DES MOINES IOWA, SUNDAY MORNING, AUGUST 19, 1000-TWENTV-FOUIl PAGES. THE DEB Brinsmaids' REDEEMING RURAL DIXIE CHRIST HAS RETURNED Fail and Winter Woolen 1 s-j6 1.4- I900-I901SEAS0N-1D00-190I We Invite Inspection of Our Fabrics AND LUNCH STANDS ni if and Prices RELIABLE 1 208-5ih Street Can buy their Dishes and other supplies of us to better advantage than elsewhere. Plates 5c Each Cups or Saucers 3c Each Teaspoons Each Soup Spoons lc Each 215 and 217 West Fourth Street. H. A.

A10RRIS, Manager. preaching- and to confine himself to his house. The Bab complied with the latter part of this order, but he continued to teach the disciples who flocked about him. Thus the new religion made rapid progress, and the attempts of the authorities to suppress it eventually led to the rebellion of Zappan. Although the Bab took no part in this outbreak, and (his teachings, in' fact, were against the use of force, his death was determined upon.

He was removed to Tabriz, where after a perfunctory trail, he was comdemned to death. With one of his disc iples, he was suspended from the parapet of one of the walls by ropes tied about his arnjs so that his body made the form of tthe cross. A regiment of Mohammedan soldiers was detailed to execute the two. At the first volley the disciple was killed, but the bullets only severed the ropes which bound the Bab himself, so that he fell to the ground. Thereupon the soldiers refused to fire a second time, declaring that they had witnessed a miracle.

The Bab, who had been stunned by the fall, was thereupon despatched by an officer. Following the death of the Bab, after his brief but successful career as the herald of a new faith, there rose up an the leader of the order one Behalu'ul-lah literally, "The Manifestation of God." He was accepted by the Babists as being exactly that, and remained the head of the order until his death, or, as the Babists express it, until his departure from the earth, in 1SH2. On account of the opposition of the Persian, and later of the Turkish government, the Beha was driven successively to Bagdad Adrianople, and finally to Acre, in Syria. On all the migrations his faithful disciples followed him. When it was sought to leave them behind on his departure to Acre, they threw themselves into tho sea in an attempt to swim off to his ship.

The Turkish government, seeing that they preferred death- to separation from their master, alowed them to go along with him. Beha'u'ullah, even according to the testimony of those who did not accept his teachings, was a man remarkable power. He may be said to have codified the Babist religion and to have given it a distinct and distinguishing form. His teachings were founded on the bible and the beyan, which is the book written by the Bab as the basis of the religion. In addition to this, Beha laid particular stress upon the virtues of unselfishness and humility, and in general enjoined upon his followers the manner of life which Christ recommended to his apostles.

Abbas Abdel Beha, dhe present "center of light" of the Babist faith, is the son of Beha'u'ullah, and was born in 1844. It is a peculiar coincidence that in this same year the sect known as the Millerites, in America, prepared for the second coming of Christ, although they looked lor Him in a form quite different from that which he took according to the belief of the Babists. Abbas Abdel accompanied his father when Beha'u'ullah was driven from Persia. Since the age of 7, therefore, he has been an exile, and for many years past he has been practically a prisoner in Acre, although his liberty is in no way restricted within the limits of that district. The house in which Abbas Effendi resides is about three miles from Acre itself.

Here "the master" resides, receiving visits from believers, giving instructions to his disciples, writng to Babist teachers in various parts of the world and devoting the remainder of his time to work among the poor of the district. Although he must be past fifty years now, he is still in the full' vigor of prime tnanhoon. Professor E. G. Browne of Cambridge university, who is an authority on Persia and who has visited Abbas Effendi at his home in Acre, describes him as a man of fine presence and wonderful magnetism.

His skin is of that peculiar whiteness characteristic of Persians, and his slightly sunken cheeks give him a studious, though not an ascetic appearance. His beard Is black and is of medium length, and he wears a plain white robe and turban. Most remarkable of his features, according to Professor Browne, are his eyes. These are dark and penetrating, wiili a mournful expression, as though the pin and suffering of the world were ever present before the mind of their owner. His voice is low and pleasant, and although an unschooled man, he is able to discuss intelligently every subject that is at all of general interest.

Indeed, according to his enthusiastic followers, he knows the history and character of every human being, and can conduct a personal conversation on a visitor's own affairs, although the latter may have been entirely unknown to him before their meeting. The life of Abbas Effendi Is one of extreme simplicity. He puts forward no claims for himself, and discourages the more enthusiastic Babists, who would fain reverence him. He frequently waits upon the members of his household at table, spends much of his time in ministering to the poor, and many of his acts closely resemble those of Jesus. To tine direct question, "Are you the Christ?" he replies humbly, "I am the servant of To his followers the fact that he does not deny his divinity is convincing proof of its existence, while the fact that he will not affirm it places him in a more exalted light.

Suiih a one Is Abbas Abdel Beha, whom some two thousand intelligent Americans regard as being in very truth the reincarnation of Christ. To those who have been careful students of the bible it is easy to see how the religion has risen and the places which each of its tCiree great characters occupy. Bab. the gateway, who began preaching In the very year of the birth of "the Master," was the forerunner of Christ promised in the bible. Buha'-u'ullah the "manifestation of God," referred to in the Book of Daniel, and, finally.

Abbas Efr'endi is the Christ himself returned to earth. The true believer, of course, needs no proof of the genuineness of ail these claims, but the Babist teachers find many predictions in the bible to support them. For example, tthey point, to the many false prophets" who have risen up during the last generation and quote Christ's saying that these would arise after His return to earth, and they point to many of the world's great events as being the ones foretold in the bible as attending Christ's return to earth. Of the devotion and ffilth of Abbas Effendi's followers there can be io question. Those who have visited, who have looked upon his face and received Instructions from his lips are the most enthusiastic, of disciples, although they never press (he kjjow ledge of their faith upon those who do not seek for it.

It is plain to be seen, both frnim their actions itid their, words, however, that they consider the know ledge of Ihe truth which they believe themselves to have received the greatest thing in the world, and that they accept in its the Habist theory that all indivVual existence is an emanation from the Supreme Pejty. by whom it ultimately will he reabsorbed. The headquarters of the New Y'ork followers of Abbas Effendi are in Carnegie hall, where. In the studio apartment of one of their nienihers. they meet at regular intervals in council and receive instructions from the more advanced members of the order.

Olii-cago, where Ihe Rev. Ibrahim Kheireila has been spreadtg the new faith. Is another place where they have a large number of members, and there is a considerable colony of Habk-ls at Wau-kegan. Wis. Several of the New York members of the faith have "tablets'' or personal letters from Abbas Abdel Bella, and these they regard as more valuable than gold or precious stones.

HOTELS RESTAURANTS CHOPHOUSES in great haste immediately after the assassination- of the Czar Alexander and has lived a life of perfect propriety in New York ever since. If he ever talked he could tell strange things, but he never does talk. Another man came hero direct from Siberia, where he spMit the last fifteen years or so because he had the imprudence to publish a pamphlet which set forth that there were Haws in the Russian system of government. There are many such tales lloating around on tho lower cast side, and thy are doubtless true. Cr man, who can often be seen discussing earnestly with sonne friends in one of the little east side cafes, is really a Russian of high rank, who found it to his advantage to leave Russia in baste, and to seek a refuge among his Jewish compatriots in tho crowded east sid.

There is a womaji. too, who bears a high name in but who lives in obscurity in one of the poorest parts of thirt city. To more than one Jewish household there come Jettons bearing ihe odd stamp of a Russian prison the outside, and inside on every page the long yellow mark which means that no invisible Ink has been detected. More than oim Jewish mother dreams in horror of the long march to Siberia, and feels ijr her heart every ptep that her eon is taking. The rnance of the Russian, Jew has yet to be written; 'indeed, -it may never be written, for these things are hid in their hearts, and rare is the glimpse afforded even to a trusted friend.

These Jews in this country become philosophical anarchists or active, (socialists. There i a HiiJlicitrit number of anarchists to uipjioit a paper, the Frei Arbeiter Stimme, not a revolutionary paper, although It cannot be called an adequate exponent of the ideas of the better lass of educated anarchists. There is also a monthly journal of radical thought, which happens to be edited by anarchists, but is mot confined to the rllseunsion of their philosophy; it is the expntent of any radical ideal. Other nationalities are less picturesque in their anarchy than are the Russian Jews, and are, fortunately, less appreciative of the value of the refuge which America offers them. But they are hardly to be called dangerous as a class.

The danger comes when one individual loses his head. Being responsible to no one, any anarchist feels at liberty to think out and execute any plan he may desire. He may receive no encouragement, but he is not to ba interfered with. As a matter of fact, he is not likely to seek advice. He has learned that to try to form a conspiracy not only lessens the chance of carrying it out secretly, but also drags down in the ruin of the leader all the followers.

These might as well be spared to carry on the cause, so it may be said in general that talk of anarchist "con-npiracies" Is without foundation In fact. In regard to this, one anarchist spoke strongly to the writer. "Such deeds as this slaying of Humbert," he said, "are not the work of a body of men. One man alone thinks out the plan. He will rot tell his best friend or his wife.

Why should he? It would do no good, and might do harm. It is his theory that a certain man has done harm enough, and that he should forever be put beyond the power of doing -more harm. To accomplish this purpose, he is willing to sacrifice bis life; but he will not also sacrifice his friends. Of this you may be sure. Anarchists do not plot together such a deed as this last.

One man only can be held responsible." The number of anarchists is increasing, as was stated before, but there is good ground for adding that the number of revolutionists is decreasing. It is, in fact, an inverse proportion. There have been several examples of this change. One man, who was noted for his fiery proclamation of the gospel of anarchy only a few years ago. Is now a quiet man, so well known to the scholastic world that his name must be withiheld.

He Is a Russian, and he is probably as earnest as ever for the realization of that dream of "decentralized society," but he has learned to keep quiet and to wait. Many other men have learned the same lesson. It is to be noted, also, that among anarchists (but this, it should be added, was not in New York), the writer has found frequently a deeply religious spirit not a spirit of adherence to established creeds, but a desire to Justify tiheir views by the words of Christ, whom they called "the first anarchist." These people dream of a purer society, and would not seek to establish it by the sword. It may safely be said, however, that the great majority of the anarchists look forward to a social revolution some day. They will fight against society when it comes, but few are ready to draw tine sword one minute before the moment when they feel they can count on success, and many hope that a conflict of any kind may be avoided.

Whatever may be done wil ii these people, it is certainly not by misrepresentation that they can be brought to change their views. The public should discriminate carefully between tihose who cherish an ideal, and leave to time the task of realizing it, and those who choose the assassin's knii'e as a method of propaganda. Society may take what method it thinks most effective to slamp out the latter class, but the better educated hasten to assure us that the problem is solving Itself. Toufhiiijf on Hi Specialty, Chicago Tribune: "With a little care, senator," said his physician, "you are good for many years yet. Having an unimpaired const it til inn "Censl it ui ion exclaimed Senator Vpst, moment nrlly forgetting where he and Resulting vehemently; "the constitution.

th'inks to the onslaughts of the early In p' wer. a hopeless wreck, riml liberty lies prostrate in the dust, bleeding at every pure!" Then tie took a f'esh chw ef Misseiiri long green and said he believed he frit In Iter. Fixed for a I'irturaque Campaign. Indianapolis Journal: "t'o you take an in pnlitica. Mrs.

Ooliehtly?" "fill, yes: I do wish my husband was running for something: porch is just lovely this summer with ai! our new prairie grass chairs, hammocks, matting, rugs and Uilnss." SO BELIEVE THOUSANDS OF BELIEVERS IN A NEW FAITH. Abba of A era la the Leader of a Strange Faith Which lias Found Many Followers in This Country Cult Origluutfil in IVrsIa, Is Chriet living in Ihe world today? There are tens of thousands of persons who belive that He is; that the kingdom of heaven has been established upon earth, and that the prophecies of the Hook of Revelation and the Koran are already in process of fulfillment. There are hundreds who; claim to have looked upon the face and to have listened to the voice of divinity, and" there are other hundreds who can exhibit fiersonal letters ssaid to have been transcribed by JIi own hand. Oj.ly a week ago, Abdul Karim Ef-fendi, one of the principal diwelples and teachers of this belief, sailed to Europe after a visit to tho faithful in America. In New York there are about a hundred who have adopted this faith, while those in other parts of the country bring the total number of ita followers up to about two thousand.

That number of Americana lirmly believe that God has manifested Him-self to the world in the lleeli anil hail as their master and the hope of the world an obscure Persian living in exile and virtually a prisoner at Acre, in Syria. Three are the "HabLtts," or "Babis," ae they are called in. Persia, where the cult originated. In fifty years it has grown remarkably in that land of mystery and mysticism, and it is there that' its principal numerical strength is to be found, although so secret are its adherents- regard tig their faith that one might travel from one end of Persia to another without ever meeting one who acknowledged hims-elf a Babi. But while Persia is the birthplace and the sl'-onghold of the faith, it has spread and advanced until now in Syria, Turkey, estern Europe and America it numbers believers by the thousands.

That any religion or system of belief should he able to draw to it such divergent elements of orient and Occident as have flocked to the standard of ihe Bab. bespeaks for it an instinct strength that is remarkable, whatever may be said of the doctrines which it promulgates. The spiritual head of the cult, who is, as his followers firmly believe, the actual impersonation of the Christ whose second coming was foretold In the bible, is known as Abbas Effendi, or, as he signs himself. Abbas Abdel Beha, which means, literally, "Abbas, Servant of God." By those who are within the circle of Babist belief, however, he is referred to usually simply as "the master," and the reverent faith with which the word Is uttered leaves no room to douht the sincerity of their belief. In the minds of ihe Babists Abbas Effendl is entitled to the same reverent respect with which Christ's disciples-regarded Him during His stay upon earth.

And Abbas himself, according to the accounts both of believers and unbelievers who have visited him, receives their adoration with a humility equal to that displayed by the Man of Nazareth. He conducts himself as if he were the least among his followers, and his only claim is that he is tho humble Instrument of God's will. Although comparatively few persons in tbia country ever have heard of it. Babism is no mushroom growth, such as are many of the "new religions" which are sprung upon the world at frequent intervals. For the most part these hybrid beliefs depend upon the vagaries of more or less crackbrained individuals for their support, and serve simply to exploit the one person who places himself at their head.

Babism on the other hand has stood the test of time, of martyrdom and of changing leadership. It depends for its strength upon the doctrines wihich it expounds and upon the credence which those to whom it appeals place in the predictions of their bible or Koran. The persons who have adopted it in this country are for the most part persons of intelligence, for Babism is an intellectual as well as a spiritual religion. Like Christianity of the early etiurch, Babism has grown upon persecution. Its early suporters were tortured and put to death.

Some were killed by balls driven down their throats with mallet and peg. Others were compelled to bear burning candles in apertures cut in their flesh. Others still were shod like ihorses or were cut to pieces by whips and knives. To save themselves from- these dreadful tortures, it was necessary merely for them to deny their belief, but there is hardly an instance of recantation. Most of the victims died repeating the Arabic text: "Verily, we are God's and to him we return," which is the corner stone of the Babism faiUh.

That such drastic, measures of oppression only added to the strength of the Babism faith is sufficient proof that it is not a weak religion. Although Babism generally has been regarded as a most mysterious belief, abounding in mysticism and devoted to weird practices, in reality its groundwork is decidedly simple. Its teachings of the bible and the Koran, and it regards itself simply as carrying out to their logical conclusions the teachings and predictions whirih we are taught from our youth up to believe. To understand what may be called the working theory of he creed it Is necessary to refer briefly to the origin of the movement and the biblical predictions from which its inspiration is drawn. In the Christian and Mohammedan religions as in the earlier Hebraic system of theology, the most important and, indeed, vvihat may be said to be the culminating, predictions are those which refer to the coming of God's representative upon earth, or what we commonly refer to as the second coming of Christ.

Probably no other passages in the bible have been so much discussed or so variously interpreted as those relating to Christ's coming upon the earth to establish the Kingdom of heaven. To the old fashioned theologian that was to mean the end of temporal afairs, but many more recent Uhinkers have co.ne to the conclusion that the establishment of the kingdom was to be a gradual process and that the coming of Christ himself was not to be attanded by any great cataclysm. Among these are the Babists, who hold that Olirist has been upon earth for half century and that the kingdom of heaven is established already in the hearts of all true believers. The origin of the Babist cult dales back to 1S14, wiien Seyed Mohammed All, a. young Persian who had made the pilgrimage to Mecca, and was known for his piety and devotion to religion, began preaching in Shiraz, his native city.

He presented a new commentary on the Koran, but chiefly bis teachings related to the pratical ethics of conduct and life. He criticised the priesthood severely, and thus Incurred tiheir violent opposition, but the number of his followers increased daily because of the marvelous influence of his personality and the purity of the doctrines which he expounded. He came to be known as the Hab, which in translation means the gate or gateway. Thus the Hah! religion is, in literal translation, "the gateway to life." So offensive was trjichins of the new prophet to the regularly ordained priesthood tPat at length an order was issued commanding him to desist from SOCIAL SETTLEMET ON WHEELS MAINTAINED BY A RAILROAD. Model Farm! and Village Imprortmiot Societies Kstabllshed Highways Bettered and a Travelling Library of Real Value Maintained.

Rollln Lynde Hartt in, Boston. Transcript: I have met a man after my own heart. His name is Colonel John T. Patrick; he comes from North Carolina, and he manages the "social scheme" maintained by the Seaboard Air line. Therefore I love him.

The prettiest part of it is that thn southern railroad frankly disclaims all Philanthropic purposes in its efforts toward the regulation oC rural Iixie. It said l) itself: "If this road is to got rich, the common people muet getj rich, for we tshall draw our profits from the email of the many rather than from the large spendings of thu few. Hence, whatever we do to raise the standard of popular intelligence and to elevate the ideals of average life and to make the southern towns arwi villages attractive places for people to move into will eventually put mctrey in our purse, because it will first contribute to the general prosperity of the south." Good reasoning, was it not? Now the praise for such excellent logic belongs, at it happens, to a talented New Englander, Mr. E. St.

John, who was born in Connecticut and went west a good many years ago to serve the Rock Island railroad. There he developed a singular genius for bringing things to pass, and when the southern railroad men wanted to develop the possibilities of their traffic, they bought up Mr. St. John and turned him loose upon Ihe south. My friend.

Colonel Patrick, according to his own very modest assertion, is merely "obeying a New Englander's orders." Having for the past fifteen months advocated in the Atlantic, the Outlook and the Transcript the introduction of the social settlement into rural life (and having stood target afor a good deal of abuse for so doing) I may perhaps be forgiven when I declare my delight in seeing the principles 0j so cial work given just that sort of application by a southern railroad. If, as the good colonel says, the social scheme Is Mr. St. John and Mr. St.

John is the social scheme, thpn. Mr. St. John is a rural settlement on wheels. I am his advocate, and he is mine.

This is what he has done: he has undertaken the agricultural education of the southern farmer, he has put books in tho hands of Impecunious southern readers, and he has sought in every conceivable way to beautify the surroundings of the common southern home. Besides, he has contributed to southern advancement in domestic science, village improvement and road building. In all that follows the reader will please remember that there Is a distinction to be ma.de between: the farmer and the Cracker. Mr. St.

John's diocese contains Crackers, to be sure, but the great bulk of his people are of the better sort, really not very different from the agricultural population of New England. To this) latter class he lias adapted tho model farm, which was suggested by Mr. Robert Woods, in an admirable paper read before a congress of social workers at the world's fair, and which I made a part of my proposed country settlement. Mr. St.

John, Colonel Patrick says, has established more than twenty such farms and in each of them he makes a showing of all the fruit trees, vines and grasses that thrive In Dixie land. To reach the people more directly and in large numbers, he sends out a traveling training school a long train of cars, one for the teachers to live in, and the rest to carry the properties of an agricultural laboratory. Manufacturers of farming implements and machinery loan exhibits illustrating the newest devices and send along experts to explain these devices. In this way the farmers are taught the merits of mowing machines aod two-horse plows; they also make the acquaintance of machines for building good roads. A piece of scandalous bad roadway is picked out, the farmers bring horses, young men give their services, and a model bit of perfect highway is laid as an object lesson.

Tho lesson gets its result; already thousands upi thousands of dollars have been vrrted for improved roads. Other cars of the train are no less practically educational. One is a school to teach the process of evaporating fruits and some well-known urchin is instructed before the beholders to make an evaporating contrivance and then to dry the fruit. (Happy thought! If a boy ha done it, ho need hesitate?) Then conies a lesson in fruit canning, which is a needed resource in the south, where otherw ise millions of dollars' worth of fruit would go to waste: and right alongside the expensive fruit-canning machine, the instructor shows a cheap makeshift affair that enables the poorer people to get along without the costly machinery. Butter -making in turn finds clear The farmers bring their cows and learn the northern art of milking with both hands.

They see the mechanical separator draw off the cream. They see the cream turned to butter or to fancy cheeses by the most approved devices. And the whole affair becomes an occasion of high enthusiasm; advertised like a circus, it calls together five or six thousand people. There Is plentiful speech-making by local celebrities and addresses of more weighty character by lecturers from the agricultural department of the railway. Here, then, are a few of the things Mr.

St. John is doing through his model farms and his "(raining school on wheels." But his work along agricultural lines takes still another form, for he is anxious to see southern cattle, swine and poultry take rank with the best. Scientific stock breeding Is therefore one of his pet Interests and he has taken efficient steps toward its advancement, even going so far as to bring in whole herds of blooded animals for breeding purposes. 1 said at the s'art did I not that Mr. St.

John had put books In tho hands of Impecunious southern So he has with the help of Mr. Andrew Carnegie. That generous millionaire cor.tribuled ami set in motiirr what is probably the besd system, of free traveling libraries In the world. The people co-operate. The management of so elaborate a mechanism could hardly be attempted otherwise, and the southern farmers are fortunate in being able lo maintain a very numerous army of volunteer librarians.

The books go out front the home of Mrs. Eugene Barnard Heard of Mid-dleton, of Georgia, who gives her services as donna, generalissime of the entire sstem. Moreover, the movement has received sii' hearty lin.im ial support from various givers that of late if has become a little difficult to spend the surplus. Cons, quently a good manv school libraries 'have started, and hirieefoiward school libraries are priiisvd as prizes to schools that make noteworthy progress in the outward ami lnuard adornment of the schoolhoiise. So here is my transition just the one I was for to Ihe subject of village Improvement, for (he adornment of the school goes hand in hand with the adornment of the home.

The la I tor has found Its opportunity In the pii nics" so common- anions tt- people at Uixie. Th southern piejiii aooar- ml 5 TAILORS. Youngerman Block QUEER THINGS IN CHINA THE LAND IN WHICH WOMEN AND PIGS RIDE TOGETHER. Uncomfortable Trarelios; Ways of Gettlnjf Around That TronMe Occidental Tis-ltors Bow tho Emperor Journeys Abroad. A squealing pig on one side of a Chinese wheelbarrow, balanced by a woman on the opposite side, the entlra outiit props led by a resident of land, not -in uncotrn.on sjlght on the fares of the Celestial empire.

Th woman is crmplace'Ht the squeals of the swinish passenger not even attracting her attention. The wheelbarrow is used as a means) of transportation in central and lower China, where horses aro scarce. It i st tho vehicle of the common people, tfu sedan chair being used in all sections for officials and Chinese of soma standing or treat wealth. To ono unaccustomed to riding in Chinese wheelbarrows the sensation is not a comfortable one. It does not compare with at) American barrow.

The carrying of the woman and th pig in the same load is not a foolish custom; it is a part of tho routine work. The pig is a most important animal in China. It must bo taken from place to place, perhaps ti market, or perhaps tot the Chinaman's home. The wheelbarrows are built to carry a load on each side. It is, therefore, quit essential, that a load of a hundred or mora pounds on one side be balanced by some weight on the other side, and thus it Is made to serve as a carrier o2 both passengers and freight.

In some parts of Uie empire a Chinaman precedes the wheelbarrow and helps pull it by a rope, whilo the Chinaman in the roar holds the handles and pushes it along. This practice prevails principally at Kiangsi. Human Chinese livery stables are one of the sights to foreigners on firs4fcjui-terlng the empire. The men who carry passengers in sedan chairs or other vehicles, and those who carry baggage, are, with the vehicles, quartered in convenient parts of the city, ready to serve the public. Foreigners who adapt themselves to China and the Chinese, or those who care to travel extensively, must becomes used to the modes of travel In that country, although these modes are among ttm strangest and, most uncomfortable in Christendom.

The common people of China are denied tht privilege of riding in the largn sedan chairs, which is the most commodious means of transportation in China. It le carried by two men, who raise the carrying pole to their shoulders and walk briskly, making- four miles an hour through the averaga range of country. This chair la lightly built, handsomely decorated and fitteU up with cushions. Travelers declare that of all the strictly Chinso turnouts the large sedan chair is by far the bet, and that once accustomed tn it, the foreigner can really ride with some comfort. This, however, cannot ba said of all sedan chairs.

The smajler onea ars, built In such a manner that a crampet position must be assumed tha moment a passenger takes his The emw-ror and some of hfm high officials use diffenvit styles of chairs on different occasions. Often ha rides In ite of peculiar shape, in, whtcih sits high above tha heads of tha bearers. This stylo of chair is built expreesly for the purpos of exalting- tha rulers in the eyeo of his people, and that ha may the better command a view in his travels. In and about Pekin? Jiorse aro used! to a considerable extent, but owing to the crudeness of all the transportation equipment to which they are attached, as mii'jh comfort can ba taken in a wheelbarrow as behind a sted. With all their pkill irv the manufacture ot so many things beautiful and useful, the Chinese still lack tha handiworli which jroes to make a euitable rig tot a horse to draw.

And yet a thousand two-wheeled carts may be found in Peking waiting) to serve the public The wheels ot these carts are in many cases a solid piece of wood cut in a circle and flxeil upon an axle, resembling much soma home-made carts for children found ia Uncle Sam's country. Chimisw carts ara minus springs. The owners attempt t.i supply this deficiency by means of cushions. The- driver sits close to th horse. Passengers climb in and get ouB at either sidt of the hox-liko contrivance which holds them in place when the vehicle is in motion.

But of the Chinese modes of travel none equal in importance the boat. Th great waterways of tha country are the redeeming feature ot all that is next to unbearable on land. The maritime architecture of the Celestials is unquestioned. The skill of tht mariners is, too, a notable trait. Hundreds, of thousands of Chinese live in what wo call houseb.Mits.

They live comfortably, too. Tha interior of a Chinese boat compares favorably with the better residences of the surrounding country. OC course, not all the vessels are used for transportation. Some are fixed residences, which, after1 they are once built, are given a plac by the river master and never a.iaini change their position. A Chinese authority once estimated number of boats in the harbor at Canton alone tn exceed M.oi.o.

The length of an averas-s vesssel for tninsp-trtinir th.i commerci.il products i about 100 feet. Residence) boats may not exceed 70 feet. For many years there have been American navigators on Chinese waterways. They ive found it a lucrative business. Foreign passengers seek ou the river.

A great per-centase of ihe a cf China Is trans, ferred from ice to place by means o( vessels. 322ST.1 ontly, la not necessarily an excursion, it is more like the basket lunch "social" of a country church-, and it may properly occur cir the village green of any little southern hamlet. Agents of Mr. St. John's "ladies' auxiliary" announce what they call a "work-lay picnic," and selecting a home which has no "improvements," yet where there is no opposition to Improvements, the iiicnickers tet out to impr6ve it.

Weeds dis-appear, strewn rubbish vanishes, dilapidated! and unnecessary fences are pulled down, flower beds are laid out, a rustic gate is set up end shrul and vines are plantedthe afternoon's work thus affording an eloquent concrete example to an entire neighborhood. And to stimulate the efforts of his volunteer agents Mr. St. John sends them blank cert ideates to be filledi out by the people they induce to improve their homes, and the lady who sends the most certificates receives a handsome prize. Bast year nearly three thousand homes were improved where flowers had never been before.

So far this year packages of flower seeda have been pent out to lady agents, ministers snd editors of country papers with requests to givo them only to those who could not afford to buy. Mr. St. John believes also in trees and he has Instituted an annual arbor bor day, with the result that 500,000 trees were set out last year. He has evtir a very profound faith In paint which faith he proves by works.

Fourth of July is painting day in rural Dixie, and countless homes assume new finery. I find that in this little world of ours it is next to impossible to be original, and that whcirever I have by chance hit on something all my own, then behold! another fellow was there before me. A country "settlement," I said, was an Utopian dream of mine and mine only and so I must out with it in print. But before I had written so much as the introductory paragraph, there came word of Balzac, who had dreamed the same dream; of Dr. Hale, who had put the idea in a story book, and of Mr.

Woods, who has lectured) about it. And now, when the matter is all set forth In unalterable black and white, I find It no Utopian vision, no novel programme, no mere suggestion. From rural Iowa and rural Minnesota come stories of actual country settlements, doing just what I had dreamed of, and it was but yesterday that I grasped Colonel Patrick's hand and learned, of the social and industrial regeneration of rural Dixie. I have lived in a state of sociological glee ever since. For here is no charity.

Instead, it is a practical, profitable, business venture. It pays. Already the railroad has reaped its reward in increased traffic. WOMAN IN MOROCCO. A Land Where the Female 8e Has Only a Right to Exist.

Cornhlll Magazine: Morocco is a paradise for the woman-haiter. He who hath been scurvily served by the unfair box may there find balm for his bruised spirt. Either woman is not seen at all, or, if noticed in the public ways, is cursed and cuffed. Her highest ambition is to fatten on sweft stuff as a caged bird on grapeseed; when her youth and beauty leave her, and kohl and henna no longer stave oft the ravages of time and domesticity, she is thrown on public charity as a private nuisance. To the Moslem way of think, ing, the new woman would be as Impossible of acceptance as is the New Testament.

During his first few days In the land, an Englishman feels his blood boil at the sight of skinny and uncomplaining old hags keeping pac painfully on the hot, sandy highway beside the mule that bears their husband, son or brother; but habit softens the shock, and to his first impulse of rebellion in favor of an innovation of "equality" much abused in the fair cities of the north, there succeeds a cynical acquiescence in this compensating survival of male asit-ndency and female obsequiousness, this relic of the old order, at the gates of Europe, and not quite at the antipodes of New York. Woman in Morocco, he Boon per-cieves, is no more than a domesticated anmals; but then sudenls of racial evolution assure us that she was once on htat footing, purchased Rnd fed that she might do the work of the house and bear the race, In what are now civilized communities. It is the utter misconception of the romance of marriage that has raised her to a throne that, she often shows herself wholly unable to grace. They manage these things differently in Morocco. The grave old pasha pays a good price to her parents for Fauna, and Fauna, by tluut same token, he keeps within doors, carrying the key of her apartments in his sash, or entrusting it to a slave answerable with his head.

Fatma is pampered as long as she is young, and may even be treated with kindness in middle age. Shi; can eat sweet cakes and drink green tea or sherbert and deck her comely fortn in slunldy jewelry; and she can ride to the bath closely veiled and get a passing glimpso of the outer world, of which, on marriage, she took leave like any Christian novice taking the veil. And the good Si' Eiarbl, her lord, is secure in his household, and would chuckle mightily could he but read of the matters that daily take up the time of Nazarene courts of divorce. Divorce, forsooth! A good old scimitar, with Damascene blade, bangs between two silent timepieces in bin inner hall somewhat dull and blunt, and demanding, perchance, a second stroke to make doubly sure; yet, would it divorce a thoughtless wife more rapidly, more effect ively, than the grave deliberations of a whole mosque full of sapient fellow citizens. Ani Kiim.i has seen the old scimitar, and thinks it looks best where it hangs, and is circumspect in tho narrow market-way, her mouse-colored mulo brushes, tho glossy black charger of tho bltie-eved Nazarene tiding even then to visit her ow ner, and won.

lei ing whether that undulating form on mulebavk is set off by a pretty face. NEW YORK ANARCHISTS ONLY A SMALL NUMBER OF REVOLUTIONISTS AMONG THEM. I t'ltirmccl Sell-UoTernlng Group Their Ideal A ftrothrrhoufl Without a Distinct Ion of Hault- Romantic Tales la the Ghetto. New York Post: The statement that there are niiny anarchists in this city and that their iiUiiiIkt is rnn- lantly increasing Is one calculated to ttlarm most persons. This bare fact is IxMrijf tortured by sensation-mongers Into a nine days' excitement, but to rit io knows something of the character of tih; ini'n clashed loosely anarchists it contains 111 io rausu for fear.

anarchists there art? plenty. Numbers of will dressed, gentlemanly looking jnrn on tlic cast side are known to bo- C-oig to that body, as well as many more 1 1,..,... caught aiVKI1 11 wnl, they fully undi rNjnd, but which gives them hope of a bettV day. The former class may be a danger' the state, but it la because of the dls rt'lnation of un-praMeal ideas rather than the possibility of any art of violence Radicals will call uhem philosophers, conservatives wil call them dreamers, but nobody ran justly call them revolutionists. Tin less Intelligent anarchists art? influenced by the peaceable sentinnts these men, and among them, too, the number of revolutionists is small.

Kot one in a hundred of the anarchists of the city believes that In this country at any rate, terrorizing tactics should he employed. It cannot he truly paid that Obey go so far as to deplore the- existence of a revolutionary spirit in Europe. They regard it with comparative indifference, but they realize that in this land it has no place. Anarchisis are not necessarily a ijmminicalive body of men. The bet-t shrinks front the constant, ami at times apparently wilful, misrepresentation of their point of view, while those who ciherlsh revolutionary designs are, of course, not going to inform the outside world of the fact.

At time like the present they are less than ever inclined to become talkative, but to one who knows them they make no secret of 11'ie fact that their Ideal of Society has no place for a centralized government. An anarchist of Ihlgh education thus defined for the writer the aims of men such as himself: "We look forward," he said, "to the establishment some day of a state of society in which there will be no centralized government; when small, self-governing groups men will produce and consume in 'common, these groups being federated." -Every European country contributes its share to the number of anarchists in this city. They vary in their ideas us to the proper methods to be employed, from Jews, who are almost to a. man anti-revolutlonlsts, to the Italians, who compose the most tiery element. The French nnd Spanish are less philosophical than the Russians and Germans.

This state of affairs is easily understood1 on account of their more excitable temperament, and. except in the case of the Russian Jews, their greater experience of suffering. The Italians form almost a class apart. One does not often hear them mentioned by the and when they Vre spoken of, it is more with pity for ardwhips in their overtaxed native country, and for the excitability of their natures, than with the sense of fellowship. Anarchisis have naturally no organization, no leader to be know as such.

These things are contrary to the anarchistic ideal. There is little proselyting. Not infrequently, when it seems to certain of them that some question invites discussion, a meeting will lie called and the thing discussed, whatever it may be. The general public, is welcome to most of these meetings. Other meetings are merely for business, to raise money for publications, and po on.

Bet-fures are given, and these ere followed by discussion, in which uny one may join. 'Hut there is practically no widespread movement to secure "converts. The movement grows naturally, they say. prominent anarchists aro ready to discuss their beliefs with young men who ere dissatisfied wilh existing conditions, and in this way the number is swelled. Jn the main, the ideal is very practically carried out.

The rncn who may be called leaders, while they have no authority, have come to be looked up to because of superior ability, hut one anarchist has just an much right to carry on the work as any other. Princo Kropotkin Is just as good as, but no better than, the poorest working man who is laboriously spelling out books on the brotherhood of man. Hut wdjile anarchists are supposed to think out matters for themselves, they are often blind followers of some better educated man whom (hey admire. If the man is rational and peaceable, so much the better, and, as most of the educated anarchists of America are peaceful, it. follows that there is comparatively little in the anarchistic situation to alarm any one.

The aristocracy of the anarc hists are he Russian Jews, who probably outnumber conr.lder.Jbly all other nationalities. This is easily enough explained. Irr Russia thy suffered both is Russians and at Jews. It was therefore not to he wondered at that th'y drifted into the ranks of the nihilists. Coming to this country they have kept the theories of their old faith, bill have almost without exception dropped tho revolutionary ideas which I hey were o-nre ready to Hit into practice.

Nihil-jfits do not speak of their past careers. Reticence on this subject is- one of the surest signs of numbers-hip in that body. Therefore, it is not easy to find out the romantic stories behind r.iany or tne jews, nii.i; hi iiic jsneiui cf New yorK. our one woo is laminar with that rarr 01 tne cuy nears many i i- win, One man, it win ce sau icu tiuetna sttt A Type. Burner's fvi.ar: "Ethel Is the ki'id et a irl who never uwaknv envy in ny othr woman." "i se, HrillUnt, but homely 1.